1 Hvdc Dasar Hnk2013

7/26/2019 1 Hvdc Dasar Hnk2013

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V G RAOV G RAO

HVDC / KOLAR HVDC / KOLAR



Due to ease of transformation of voltage levels (simple

transformer action) and rugged suirrel cage motors!AL"#R$A"%$G C&RR#$" is universall' utilised

*ot+ for G#$#RA"%O$ and LOAD, and +ence for

"RA$,-%,,%O$

Generators are at remote places! a.a' from t+epopulated areas ie t+e load centers

"+e' are eit+er %" H#AD "H#R-AL or H0D#L

"ur1ines drive s'nc+ronous generators giving an

output at 23453 6V

Voltage is 1oosted up to 557 or 877 KV 1' step4up

transformers for transmission to LOAD,

"o reac+ t+e loads at +omes/industr' at reuired safe

levels! transformers step do.n voltage

R#A,O$, 9OR AC G#$#RA"%O$ A$D "RA$,-%,,%O$R#A,O$, 9OR AC G#$#RA"%O$ A$D "RA$,-%,,%O$



– CONVENTIONALLY POWER TRANSMISSION IS EFFECTED

THROUGH HVAC SYSTEMS ALL OVER THE WORLD.

– HVAC TRANSMISSION IS HAVING SEVER LIMITATIONS LIKE LINE

LENGTH , UNCONTROLLED POWER FLOW, OVER/LOW

VOLTAGES DURING LIGHTLY / OVER LOADED

CONDITIONS,STABILITY PROBLEMS,FAULT ISOLATION ETC

– CONSIDERING THE DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC SYSTEM AND THE

ADVANTAGES OF HVDC TRANSMISSION , POWERGRID HAS

CHOOSEN HVDC TRANSMISSION FOR TRANSFERRING 2000 MW

FROM ER TO SR

COMPARISION OF HVAC & HVDC SYSTEMS



HVDC: USE less currentHVDC: USE less current

• Direct current : Rollalong the line ;opposing force friction

(electrical resistance )• AC current illstruggle againstinertia in the line

(!""ti#es$sec)%cuurent inertia –in&uctance%reacti'epoer



etter Voltage utilisation ratingetter Voltage utilisation rating



DC has reater ReachDC has reater Reach

• Distance as ell as

a#ount of *+,ER

&eter#ine the choice

of DC o'er AC



D-REC. CURRE/. C+/SERVES 0+RES.D-REC. CURRE/. C+/SERVES 0+RES.

A/D SAVES 1A/D A/D SAVES 1A/D

• Fewe !"##$% TOWER, e!! $!!e!



C+/.R+11-/ or E-/C+/.R+11-/ or E-/

C+/.R+11EDC+/.R+11ED

• 2 raising the le'el in tan3 ;controlle& ater flo



C+/.R+11-/ or E-/C+/.R+11-/ or E-/

C+/.R+11EDC+/.R+11ED

• 4ER+ -0 Vr5V-5!"V



HVDC pro'i&es increase poerHVDC pro'i&es increase poer6ut &oes not increase the short6ut &oes not increase the short

circuit *+,ERcircuit *+,ER



ADVA$"AG#, O9 HVDC OV#R HVAC "RA$,-%,,%O$

– CONTROLLED POWER FLOW IS POSSIBLE

VERY PRECISELY

– ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION POSSIBLE

BETWEEN REGIONS HAVING DIFFERENT

ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS

– NO RESTRICTION ON LINE LENGTH AS NO

REACTANCE IN DC LINES




– STABILISING HVAC SYSTEMS 'DAMPENING OF POWERSWINGS AND SUB SYNCHRONOUS FRE(UENCIES OF

GENERATOR.

– FAULTS IN ONE AC SYSTEMS WILL NOT EFFECT THE OTHER

AC SYSTEM.

– CABLE TRANSMISSION

.




CHEAPER THAN HVAC SYSTEM DUE TO LESS TRANSMISSION

LINES & LESS RIGHT OF WAY FOR THE SAME AMOUNT OF

POWER TRANSMISSION



C+S.: AC 's DC .rans#issionC+S.: AC 's DC .rans#ission

Terminal Cost AC

Terminal Cost DC

Line Cost DC

Line Cost AC

Break Even Distance



HVDC BIPOLAR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

2 DOUBLE CIRCUIT HVAC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

2000 MW HVDC VIS' A' VIS : HVAC SYSTEMS



AC



DC



DC



.2pes of HVDC.2pes of HVDC

HVDC is the unique solutionto interconnect asynchronoussystems or grids with

diferent requencies.Solution: HVDC Back-to-Back

Up to 600 MW

Back-to-Back Station

C C

50 Hz 60 Hz



.2pes of HVDC.2pes of HVDCHVDC re!resents the mosteconomical solution to

transmit electrical energyo"er distances greater thana!!ro#. $%% kmSolution: HVDC &ong

Distance

Up to 3000 MW

Long Distance Transmission

C C

DC line



.2pes of HVDC.2pes of HVDCHVDC is an alternati"e or

su'marine transmission.(conomical e"en or shorterdistances such as a ew)%km*miles

Solution: HVDC Ca'le

Up to 600 MW

Long Submarine Transmission

C C

DC ca'le



HVDC *%OLAR L%$K, %$ %$D%AHVDC *%OLAR L%$K, %$ %$D%A

$#R

#R

,R

$R $#R

#R

,R

$R

R%HA$D4D#LH% 44 5;<37 -=

CHA$DRA&R4ADG# : 5; <37 -=

"ALCH#R4KOLAR : 5;2777 -=

#R "O ,R

,%L#R&4*ARA,OR# 4 277 -=

#>#R%-#$"AL RO?#C"#R :,R



HVDC IN INDIAHVDC IN INDIA

B)#$* B)#$* HVDC L%$K CO$$#C"%$G

R#G%O$CAAC%"0

(-=)L%$#

L#$G"H

Rihand –Dadri North-North 1500 815

Chandra!r -"ad#he

$est - $est 1500 %5&

Talcher –'olar

East – (o!th &500 1)*%



A,0$CHRO$O&, L%$K, %$ %$D%AA,0$CHRO$O&, L%$K, %$ %$D%A

$#R

#R

,R

$R $#R

#R

,R

$R

V%$D0ACHAL ($4=) : 5;537 -=

CHA$DRA&R (=4,): 5;377 -=

V%@AG (#4,) 4 5;377 -=

,A,ARA- (#4$) 4 2;377 -=



HVDC IN INDIAHVDC IN INDIA

B*+'%$'B*+B*+'%$'B*+

+,DC LN' C.NNECTN/RE/.N

CA"ACT2$3

,ind4achal North – $est & &50

Chandra!r $est – (o!th & 500

,i6a# – East – (o!th 500

(asaram East – North 500

,i6a# – East – (o!th 500





AS-C *R-/C-*1ESAS-C *R-/C-*1ES

.7

+,DC TRAN(2((.N



AC "ransmission rincipleAC "ransmission rinciple



HVDC "ransmission rincipleHVDC "ransmission rinciple



Direct c!rrent is !t to !se in common lie or drivin# o!r orta9le devices: ;"(s: 9atter4 s4stems and vastl4 in

rail<a4 locomotives=

USE OF DCUSE OF DC

DC A, A -#A$, O9 "RA$,-%,,%O$DC A, A -#A$, O9 "RA$,-%,,%O$

"+is +as 1een possi1le .it+ advent of

Hig+ po.er/ +ig+ current capa1ilit' t+'ristors

9ast acting computerised controls



I-#$%*% M)e!%$e! ) %e Dee$#-e% $1 HVDCI-#$%*% M)e!%$e! ) %e Dee$#-e% $1 HVDC

%e+$$3%e+$$3

• 7 Heitt8s #ercur2%'apour rectifier9 hich appeare& in !"!• 7 E<peri#ents ith th2ratrons in A#erica an& #ercur2 arc 'al'es in

Europe 6efore !="• 7 0irst co##ercial HVDC trans#ission9 otlan& ! in Se&en in

!>=

• 7 0irst soli& state se#icon&uctor 'al'es in !?"• 7 0irst #icroco#puter 6ase& control e@uip#ent for HVDC in !?• 7 Highest DC trans#ission 'oltage ($% B"" 3V) in -taip9 rail9

!=• 7 0irst acti'e DC filters for outstan&ing filtering perfor#ance in !=• 7 0irst Capacitor Co##utate& Con'erter (CCC) in Argentina%rail

interconnection9 !• 7 0irst Voltage Source Con'erter for trans#ission in otlan&9

Se&en 9!



Hig+ Voltage "+'ristor Valve Histor' Hig+lig+ts

2B< 9irst "est Valve 5 parallel E3 mm "+'ristors F 237 V

2BB =orlds 9irst Contract for an HVDC ,'stem .it+ "+'ristor Valves

5 parallel E3 mm t+'ristors F 237 V for 5777 A

2B<3 =orlds 9irst Contract for =atercooled HVDC "+'ristor Valves

5 parallel 35 mm t+'ristors F E377 V for 5777 A

2B7 =orlds 9irst Contract for HVDC ,'stem .it+ 277 mm "+'ristors

no parallel t+'ristors F 8577 V for E77 A

2BB8 9irst HVDC Contract &sing 6V "+'ristors

277 mm t+'ristors F 777 V

2BB< 9irst "+'ristor Valve .it+ Direct4Lig+t4"riggering

277 mm t+'ristors .it+ 1rea6over protection F 777 V for 5777 A

5772 9irst complete HVDC ,'stem using Direct4Lig+t4"riggered

"+'ristors .it+ integrated 1rea6over protection F 777 V

"+e #volution of "+'ristor Valves in HVDC"+e #volution of "+'ristor Valves in HVDC



%f DC is reuired to 1e used for transmission

>

since our primar' source of po.er is AC!

t+e follo.ing are t+e 1asic steps

1= C.N,ERT AC into DC rectifier)

&= TRAN(2T DC

)= C.N,ERT DC into AC inverter3



P"#$!e & 1"+%)$ $1 T3)!%$ V*eP"#$!e & 1"+%)$ $1 T3)!%$ V*e

? Connects AC p+ases to DC s'stem

? Conduct Hig+ Current : currents upto E777A .it+out t+e reuirement

of paralleling of t+'ristors

? *loc6 Hig+ Voltage : *loc6s +ig+ voltage in for.ard and reverse

direction up to KV

? Controlla1le : t+'ristor triggering /conduction possi1le .it+ t+e gate

firing circuits

? 9ault tolerant and ro1ust



S-/1E *HASE HA10 ,AVE REC.-0-ERS-/1E *HASE HA10 ,AVE REC.-0-ER



SINGLE PHASESINGLE PHASEFULL WAVEFULL WAVE

RECTIFIERRECTIFIER



SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIERSINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER



4'P"!e C$e%$ B)5e4'P"!e C$e%$ B)5e

3

6

CiLs

4

E1 1s

Ls

Bi

iA

1

2

I

VFd

5

V&

-&d1

&

C fV lt & C t f -& l



Voltage an& Current of an -&ealVoltage an& Current of an -&eal

Dio&e B *ulse Con'erter Dio&e B *ulse Con'erter

Alpha = 0

Overlap =0



+peration of Con'erter +peration of Con'erter

? #ac+ t+'ristor conducts for 257I

? #ver' 7I one "+'ristor from Jve lim1 and one "+'ristorfrom :ve lim1 is triggered

? #ac+ t+'ristor .ill 1e triggered .+en voltage across it1ecomes positive

? "+'ristor commutates t+e current automaticall' .+en t+evoltage across it 1ecomes :ve Hence! t+is process is callednatural commutation and t+e converters are called LineCommutated converters



? "riggering can 1e dela'ed from t+is point and t+is is called firing angle

? Output voltage of t+e converter is controlled 1' controlling t+e :Rectifier action

? %f B7I negative voltage is availa1le across t+e 1ridge : %nverteraction

? Due to finite transformer inductance! current transfer from onet+'ristor valve to t+e ot+er cannot ta6e place instantl'

? "+is dela' is called over lap angle M and t+e reactance calledcommutating reactance "+is also causes additional drop in t+e voltage

+peration of Con'erter +peration of Con'erter



-&eal /o%1oa& Con&ition-&eal /o%1oa& Con&ition

B

2

A

1

C

3

Vd



Effect of Control AngleEffect of Control Angle

B

A

2

C

1

α

Vd

3

α α



RECTIFIER VOLTAGERECTIFIER VOLTAGE



INVERTER VOLTAGEINVERTER VOLTAGE



DC .er#inal VoltageDC .er#inal Voltage

120 @

!"C#I$ICA#IO%

0240 @1&0 @ 300 @ 120 @60 @ 1&0 @

0'&66" ' 2

√ LL

" ' 2√ LL



DC .er#inal VoltageDC .er#inal Voltage

120 @

I%V"!(IO%

0240 @1&0 @ 300 @ 120 @60 @ 1&0 @

0'&66" ' 2√ LL

" ' 2√ LL



DC Voltage Verses 0iring AngleDC Voltage Verses 0iring Angle

%!

%";E

%";B

%";=

%";G

"

";G

";=

";B

";E

!

" H" B" :" !G" !>" !E"

Vd

alpha

Vd=Va)*1'35 *+)os alpha,-.2/



? Commonl4 adoted in all +,DC alications

? T<o * !lse 9rid#es connected in series

? )0@ hase shit 9et<een (tar and Delta

<indin#s o the converter transormer

? D!e to this hase shit: 5th and %th harmonicsare red!ced and ilterin# hi#her order

harmonics is easier ? +i#her !lse n!m9er than 1& is not economical

!G%*ulse Con'ertor ri&ge!G%*ulse Con'ertor ri&ge



DC VOL"AG# A"DC VOL"AG# A" N 23IN 23I



DC VOL"AG# A"DC VOL"AG# A" N B7IN B7I



DC VOL"AG# A"DC VOL"AG# A" N 23IN 23I



HVDC 1in3 Voltage *rofileHVDC 1in3 Voltage *rofile

+ ,

C CABL" or O. LI%"

+ (d rd

,(C++(,

dio ,V

+ /0

d c

cos

r+ (d

& + /

0

d c

cos

Vdio +

+1V(,(,

γ

α

Vd!=Vdio! )osα,Id )"r VdI=VdioI+)osα,Id )"r

2 2



Control of DC VoltageControl of DC Voltage

V 6 V 7 V 8

V 2V 4V 9

* h a s e A

U5

* h a s e B

* h a s e C

I5

P $ w e F & $ wA C S 3 ! % e - D C S 3 ! % e -

V 6 V 7 V 8

V 2V 4V 9

* h a s e A

U5

* h a s e B

* h a s e C

I5

A C S 3 ! % e - D C S 3 ! % e -P $ w e F & $ w

H " B " : " ! G " ! > " ! E "

"

: U 5

' U 5

! B "

>

R e + % ) 1 ) e

O # e * % ) $ .

I . 0 e % e

O # e * % ) $ .

α

Re+%)1)e O#e*%)$ Ie%e O#e*%)$

R l ti +i f DC V lt &d d 9i iRelations+ip of DC Voltage &d and 9iring



Relations+ip of DC Voltage &d and 9iringRelations+ip of DC Voltage &d and 9iring

AngleAngle

H " B " : " ! G " ! > " ! E "

"

α

: U 5

' U 5

! B "

L i m i tα - n v

>

L i m i tα R e c t =

R e + % ) 1 ) e O # e * % ) $ .

I . 0 e % e

O # e * % ) $ .

t ω

o

*0=α

U 5

o

)0=α

o

0=α

o0=α o1&0=α

o150=α

' U 5

t ω

U 5

U 5



H$w 5$e! HVDCO#e*%e;





$OR-AL O=#R D%R#C"%O$$OR-AL O=#R D%R#C"%O$



R#V#R,# O=#R O#RA"%O$R#V#R,# O=#R O#RA"%O$

Sche#atic of HVDCSche#atic of HVDC



Sche#atic of HVDCSche#atic of HVDC

2odes o .eration2odes o .eration



2odes o .eration2odes o .eration

DC OH L)e

C$e%e

T*!1$-e

T3)!%$

V*e!

400 -VAC Bs

AC $ilters!ea)tors

S-$$%) Re*+%$

C$e%e

T*!1$-e

T3)!%$

V*e!

400 -VAC Bs

AC $ilters sht)apa)itors

S-$$%) Re*+%$

Biolar

Crret

Crret

Io&es of +perationIo&es of +peration




DC OH L)e

C$e%e

T*!1$-e

T3)!%$

V*e!

400 -VAC Bs

AC $ilters!ea)tors

S-$$%) Re*+%$

C$e%e

T*!1$-e

T3)!%$

V*e!

400 -VAC Bs

AC $ilters

S-$$%) Re*+%$

2onoolar /ro!nd Ret!rn

Crret





DC OH L)e

C$e%e

T*!1$-e

T3)!%$

V*e!

400 -VAC Bs

AC $ilters!ea)tors

S-$$%) Re*+%$

C$e%e

T*!1$-e

T3)!%$

V*e!

400 -VAC Bs

AC $ilters

S-$$%) Re*+%$

2onoolar 2etallic Ret!rn

Crret

"ALCH#R TALCHER KOLARTALCHER KOLARSCHEMATICSCHEMATIC



'olar

Chintamani

C!daah

+ood4+os!r

(alem

;d!malet

2adras Blore

- 500 ', DC line

1)%0 '2

#lectrode

,tation

#lectrode

,tation

8776v ,'stem

5576v s'stem

KOLAR

SCHEMATICSCHEMATIC



Sharing of .alcher *oer Sharing of .alcher *oer

• .a#il /a&u % BB I,

•

• A* % = I,

• • Jarnata3a % =BB I,

• Jerala % " I,

• *on&icherr2 % B I,

KOLAR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMKOLAR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM





• P$<e+% H))%!

– FOR TRANSMITTING 2000 MW OF POWER FROM NTPC TALCHER

STPS 'II AND FOR SHARING AMOGEST SOUTHERN STATES THE

2000 MW HVDC BIPOLAR TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IS

ENVISAGED AS

EAST SOUTH INTERCONNECTOR II =ESICON >II?.

– THIS IS THE LARGEST TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TAKEN UP IN

THE COUNTRY SO FAR

– THE PRO@ECT SCHEDULE IS (UITE CHALLENGING

• AGAINST THE 80 MONTHS FOR SUCH PRO@ECTS, THE

PRO@ECT SCHEDULE IS ONLY 7 MONTHS

• SCHEDULED COMPLETION BY @UNE 2007

TACLHER'KOLAR 800 V HVDC TRANSMISSION SYTEM



• P$<e+% H))%!

– KEY DATES

• AWARD OF HVDC TERMINAL STATION PKG ' 69TH

MAR 2000

• AWARD OF HVAC PACKAGE '

2TH APR 2000

– APPROVED PRO@ECT COST ' RS. 748.46 CR

– THIS IS THE FIRST OF SUCH SYSTEM WHERE THE ENTIRE

GENERATION IN ONE REGION IS EARMARKED TO ANOTHER

REGION.



Salient eatures? Rectifier "alc+er! Orissa

? %nverter Kolar! Karnata6a

? Distance ≈ 2E<7 6m

? Rated o.er 5777 -=

? Operating Voltage 377 6V DC

? Reduced Voltage 877 6V DC

? Overload

? Long time! 87 C 253 pu per pole

?Half an +our 2E pu per pole

? 9ive ,econds 28< pu per pole

SKS.EI CA*AC-.-ESSKS.EI CA*AC-.-ES




BIPOLAR MODE OF OPERATION '' 2000 MW

MONO POLAR WITH GROUND RETURN ''' 6000 MW

MONO POLAR WITH METALLIC RETURN MODE ''' 6000 MW

DEBLOCKS EACH POLE AT P -) 600 MW

POWER DEMAND AT DESIRED LEVEL

POWER RAMP RATE '' 6 : 700 MW /MIN

POWER REVERSAL IN OFF MODE





OVER LOAD CAPACBILITIES

RATED POWER '' 2000 MW

LONG TIME OVER LOAD POWER : /60 HOURS '' 2800 MW

SHORT TIME OVER LOAD : 8 SEC' 7260 MW



HARMONIC FILTERS

AT TALCHER

TOTAL FILTERS : 69

DT 62/29 FILTERS EACH 620 MVAR ' NOS

DT 7/74 FILTERS EACH MVAR ' 9 NOS

SHUNT REACTORS 67 MVAR' 2 NOS

SHUNT CAPCITORS 67 MVAR' 6 NOSDC FILTERS DT 62/29 & DT 62/74 : 6 N$ #e #$e.

AT KOLAR

TOTAL FILTERS : 6DT 62/29 FILTERS EACH 620 MVAR ' NOS

DT 7/74 FILTERS EACH MVAR ' 9 NOS

SHUNT CAPCITORS 67 MVAR' 8 NOS

DC FILTERS DT 62/29 & DT 62/74 : 6 e*+ #$e




–MONOPOLAR GROUND RETURN ' 6000 MW POWER CANBE TRANSMITTED THROUGH THIS MODE WHERE THERETURN PATH IS THROUGH THE GROUND WHICH ISFACILITATED THROUGH A EARTH ELECTRODE STATIONSITUATED AT ABOUT 78 KMS FROM THE TERMINALS ANDCONNECTED BY A DOUBLE CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION LINE.

– MONOPOLAR METALLIC RETURN ' 6000 MW POWER CANBE TRANSMITTED THROUGH THIS MODE WHERE THERETURN PATH IS THE TRANSMISSION LINES OF OTHERPOLE.

– BALANCED BIPOLAR MODE > 2000 MW CAN BETRANSMITTED THROUGH THIS MODE WHERE WITH ONE:VE AND OTHER > VE .




&CH(,-23&, HVDC 4 (HVC S5S(6



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