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IntelliDriveSM Connectivity − the Future of Surface Transportation
June 7, 2010AASHTO
Subcommittee on Highway TransportKate Hartman
Research and Innovative Technology AdministrationU.S. Department of Transportation
Why IntelliDriveSM?
Safety• 37,000 highway deaths/year• 5.8 million crashes/year • Leading cause of death for ages 4 to 34
Mobility• 4.2 billion hours of travel
delay• $87.2 billion cost of urban
congestionEnvironment• 2.8 billion gallons of wasted
fuel• ↓Emissions ↓Greenhouse
Gases ↓ Particulates
IntelliDrive Concept
Networked Environment
4
Intersection Colision Avoidance
IntelliDrive Benefits
Dramatically Reduced Fatalities and Injuries
• Greater situational awareness– Your vehicle can “see”
nearby vehicles and knows roadway conditions you can’t see.
• Reduce or even eliminate crashes through– Driver Advisories;– Driver Warnings;– Vehicle Control.
IntelliDrive has the potential to address 82% of the vehicle crash scenarios involving
unimpaired drivers.
IntelliDrive SM Benefits
Increased Mobility and Environmental Stewardship
• Information-rich environment benefits users and operators of all travel modes.– Travelers have real-time information
on rerouting or “modal shift” options.– System operators have real-time data
to enable better system operations for optimal performance.
– Planners can use data to address system-wide issues.
• Environmental benefits– Reduced stopping/starting at traffic
signals which consumes 3-5 times more fuel than constant driving.
– Nav systems with real time information can reduce fuel consumption by 10.5% over systems without real time traffic data.
Latency vs. Communications Technologies For IntelliDrive
Lat
ency
(in
sec
onds
)
Active Safety Latency Requirements (secs)
Traffic Signal Violation Warning 0.1
Curve Speed Warning 1.0
Emergency Electronic Brake Lights 0.1
Pre-Crash Sensing 0.02
Cooperative Forward Collision Warning 0.1
Left Turn Assistant 0.1
Lane Change Warning 0.1
Stop Sign Movement Assistance 0.1
Most Stringent latency requirement for Active Safety
(.02 sec)
Note: Y-axis not to scale for illustration purposes
Least stringent latency requirement for Active Safety
( 1 sec)
Data source: Vehicle Safety Communications Project – Final Report
Communications Technologies
.02
5.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
10
20
40
60
4.0WiFi 802.11(3 - 5 secs)
Terrestrial Digital Radio &Satellite Digital Audio Radio
(10 - 20 secs)
WiMax(1.5 - 3.5 secs)
Bluetooth(3 - 4 secs)
Two-Way Satellite(60+ secs)
5.9 GHz DSRC (.0002 secs)
Cellular(1.5 - 3.5 secs)
.01
IntelliDrive Taxonomy
8
9
IntelliDrive Taxonomy
Level 1 vs Level 2
Level 2Vehicle-Based Data
Level 1Non-Vehicle-Based Data
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IntelliDrive Taxonomy
Time-Critical vs Non-Time-CriticalLevel 2
Vehicle-Based DataLevel 1
Non-Vehicle-Based Data
Level 2.A
Non-Time-Critical
Non-Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 2.B
Non-Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 2.C
Time-CriticalProprietary Vehicle
Data
Level 1.B
Time-Critical
Level 1.A
Non-Time-Critical
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IntelliDrive Taxonomy
Level 1.ALevel 2
Vehicle-Based DataLevel 1
Non-Vehicle-Based Data
Level 2.A Non-Time-CriticalNon-Proprietary
Vehicle Data
Level 2.B Non-Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 2.C Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 1.BTime-Critical
Level 1.ANon-Time-Critical
Scenario:-Today’s probe data and applications: traffic, transit/ fleet management, e-tolling- Applications that require only position and speed
Federal role/interest- Promote and demonstrate benefits (SafeTrip-21)- Data exchange standards
Level 2.A Non-Time-CriticalNon-Proprietary
Vehicle Data
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IntelliDrive Taxonomy
Level 1.BLevel 2
Vehicle-Based Data
Level 1.BTime Sensitive
Federal role/interest- Promote industry data & communications (DSRC)
standards- Accelerate deployment & benefits
2010 20302020 20400 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
VII all new cars
VII all new cars + Aftermarket
Mar
ket P
enet
ratio
nAdapted from Urbahn, J an, “Vehicle Infrastructure Integration”, CES, J anuary 2007
2010 20302020 20400 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
2010 20302020 20400 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
VII all new cars
VII all new cars + Aftermarket
Mar
ket P
enet
ratio
nAdapted from Urbahn, J an, “Vehicle Infrastructure Integration”, CES, J anuary 2007
Scenario:- Integration of DSRC technology into nomadic
devices- “Here I Am” message” supports safety and
mobility applications
Level 1.BTime Sensitive
Level 2.A Non-Time CriticalNon-Proprietary
Vehicle Data
Level 2.B Non-Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 2.C Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 1.ANon-Time Critical
Level 1Non-Vehicle-Based Data
Scenario:-Leveraging of non-proprietary data from vehicle data port via aftermarket products-Various communication capability including DSRC
Federal role/interest- Promote industry data & communications standards- Opportunity for obtaining vehicle based data for mobility
and road weather applications- Accelerate deployment & benefits
Level 2.A Non-Time-CriticalNon-Proprietary
Vehicle Data
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IntelliDrive Taxonomy
Level 2.ALevel 2
Vehicle-Based DataLevel 1
Non-Vehicle-Based Data
Level 2.B Non-Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 2.C Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 1.BTime-Critical
Level 1.ANon-Time-Critical
Scenario:- Private services- Various communication media
Level 2.B Non-Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Federal role/interest- Promote industry data standards - Opportunity for obtaining richer set of vehicle
based data for mobility and road weather applications
IntelliDrive Taxonomy
Level 2.B
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Level 2Vehicle-Based Data
Level 1Non-Vehicle-Based Data
Level 2.A Non-Time Sensitive
Non-Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 2.C Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 1.BTime Sensitive
Level 1.ANon-Time Sensitive
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IntelliDrive Taxonomy
Level 2.CLevel 2.C
Time -Critical Proprietary Vehicle
Data
Scenario:- DSRC centric primary goal of safety- Supports mobility and environmental goals- Requires infrastructure for mobility, environmental,
and some safety applications
Federal role/interest- Promote industry data and communications standards- Rulemaking for safety technology and applications- Explore retrofit opportunities for accelerated benefits- Deployment models- Governance framework
Level 1Non-Vehicle-Based Data
Level 2.A Non-Time-CriticalNon-Proprietary
Vehicle Data
Level 2.B Non-Time-Critical
Proprietary Vehicle Data
Level 1.BTime-Critical
Level 1.ANon-Time-Critical
Level 2Vehicle-Based Data
ITS Strategic Plan – Vision
A national, multi-modal surface transportation system that features a connected transportation environment among vehicles, the
infrastructure, and portable devices to serve the public good by leveraging technology to maximize safety, mobility and
environmental performance
…and a suite of targeted research and development
initiatives that support cross-modal ITS solutions
ITS Strategic Plan – IntelliDrive Research
FrameworkApplications
(Includes Field Tests and Demonstrations)
Technology Underpinning
Policy & Non-Technical
• Are applications available and benefits validated?• What is the minimum infrastructure needed for the greatest
benefit? How much, where, when and what type?• What is the degree of market penetration required for
effectiveness?
• Is technology stable, reliable, secure, and interoperable?• Are international standards available to ensure
interoperability?
• What policies/governance/funding are required for sustainability?
• How to address public concerns for privacy and ensure that applications do not cause driver distraction?
Ap
pli
cati
on
sTe
chn
olo
gy
Po
licy
ALL MUST BE ANSWERED TO BE DEPLOYABLE
77%
18%
5%
Critical Research Questions
ITS Strategic Plan – IntelliDrive Research
Safety• Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)
Communications for Safety• Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
Communications for Safety• Human Factors
Mobility• Real-Time Data Capture and
Management • Dynamic Mobility Applications • Road Weather Management
Environment• Applications for the Environment:
Real-Time Information Synthesis (AERIS)
Technology Underpinning• IntelliDrive Test Environment• Harmonization of International
Standards and Architecture• IntelliDrive Certification• IntelliDrive Systems Engineering• Data and Communications
SecurityPolicy & Non-Technical• Deployment scenarios• Financing• Legal and Institutional Issues
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Interest Groups: Research Area Focus
– Technology• Systems engineering• Remaining technical challenges:
security, positioning, scalability• Standards• Testbeds
– Policy & Non-Technical• Deployment strategy• Financing• Governance• Certification• Legal, liability, privacy issues• Data ownership and rights
– Applications May be subdivided based on
taxonomyIncludes data capture methods
to support applications• V2V safety• V2I safety• SPAT and signal (I2V)• Weather• Environmental • Other mobility and public
sector management applications
• Tolling• Aftermarket
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Interest Groups: Stakeholder Focused
• Existing:– OEMs (light vehicle
manufacturers)– AASHTO (state gov’t.)– ITE, NACO (local gov’t. &
system implementers)– Traveler information
community (511 Coalition)– Weather community– Transit community
• Needed:– Aftermarket community (device makers, data collectors, aggregators,
users)– Freight– Telecom– Financial industry– Toll– Environment
For More Information…
http://www.intellidrive.org/