PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS -For design of Piping Systems, knowledge of codes and standards, selection of proper material of construction and to detail out the material specifications is essential. - Industry standards are published by professional societies, committees and trade organizations. -Each country has its own Codes and Standards. -On Global basis, American National Standards are undoubtedly the most widely used and compliance with those requirements are accepted all over the world.
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PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS
-For design of Piping Systems, knowledge of codes and standards, selection of proper material of construction and to detail out the material specifications is essential.
- Industry standards are published by professional societies, committees and trade organizations.
-Each country has its own Codes and Standards.
-On Global basis, American National Standards are undoubtedly the most widely used and compliance with those requirements are accepted all over the world.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
CODE VS STANDARD - CODE tells you what you need to do. - STANDARDS tells you how to do it.
- Example: A CODE may say that a building must have a fire alarm system.while The STANDARD will spell out what kind of system and how
it must work.
- In case of piping, CODES prescribes requirements for Design, Fabrication, Erection, Examination, Testing and Inspection. While STANDARD contains design and contructions rules and requirements for pipe components, various process services, materials, equipments.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
COMPLIANCE ACCEPTANCE- Compliance to CODE is generally mandated by regulations imposed by regulatory and enforcement agencies.- Compliance to STANDARDS is normally required by the rules of the applicable code or the purchaser’s specification.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
What are RECOMMENDED PRACTICES:
Documents prepared by professional groups or committees indicating good engineering practices but which are OPTIONAL.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
-The US based American Standards referred by piping engineers are mainly as follows:
1) ASTM2) ASME3) API4) MSS5) NACE6) AWWA7) AWS
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
Evolution of Pressure Piping Code. - In the beginning of 20th Century, the need for a
pressure piping code got started. - To cater this, in March 1926, ASME and ASA has
started the project to develop B31 piping code. A section of Committee B31 was formed.
- In 1935, The 1st Edition of B31 Code got peblished as the American Tentative Standard Code for pressure piping.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
- In 1942, change name to American Standard code for pressure piping ASA B31.1 and it was published till 1955.- In 1955, It was then decided to publish as separate documents in the various industry sections beginning with ASA B31.8, for Gas transmission and Distributions piping systems.- in 1959, The Petroleum Refinery Piping Code, ASA B31.3 was first published.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
Then it was followed by:1) ASME B31.12) ASME B31.2 (Fuel Gas Piping) – withdrawn in 1988 and got superseded by ANSI Z223.13) ASME B31.3 (Process Piping)4) ASME B31.4 (Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries)5) ASME B31.5 (Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
6) ASME B31.6 (Chemical Plant Piping) – never published instead folded into B31.3.7) ASME B31.7 (Nuclear Piping) – withdrawn and superseded by ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section III.8) ASME B31.8 ( Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.9) ASME B31.9 (Building Services Piping)
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
10) ASME B31.10 (Cryogenic Piping) - (Chemical Plant Piping) – never published instead folded into B31.3.7) ASME B31.11 (Slurry Transportation Piping Systems).8) ASME B31.12 (Hydrogen piping and Pipelines).
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
B. ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE.It contains 11 sections:With a 2 section each to power boiler, heating boiler, pressure vessel and nuclear power plants components. Out of this sections, only Section VIII, Rules for pressure vessels is important for Process Piping Engineers.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
C. ASTM STANDARDSThe American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is a technical organizations that developes and publishes voluntary standards on the characteristics and performance of materials, products, systems and services.The standard published by the ASTM include test procedures for determining or verifying characteristics, such as chemical composition, and measuring performance, such as tensile strength and bending properties.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
…..continue ASTM STANDARDS
The standards cover refined materials, such as steel and basic products, such as machinery and fabricated equipment. The standards are developed by committees drawn from a broad spectrum of professional, industrial and commercial interest. Many of these standards are made mandatory by reference in applicable piping codes.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
…..continue ASTM STANDARDSMost of the materials of constructions for process and utility piping system used within a plant are covered by ASTM specifications.- Materials and their testing methods are divided into 15 sections and Each sections subdivided into various volumes . ASTM covers materials of construction for industries other than the petrochemical process facilities and almost 15 volumes are not relevant to process industry.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
D. API STANDARDSThe American Petroleum Institute (API)
publishes specifications, bulletins, recommended practices, standards and other publications as an aid to procurement of standardized equipment and materials
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
The major ones are:1) API RP 520 – Recommended practice for sizing, selection and installation of Pressure Relieving devices in Refineries.2) API 560 – Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service.3) API 610 – Centrifugal Pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
4) API 612 – Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries - Steam Turbines – special purpose applications. 5) API 617 – Axial and Centrifugal Compressors.6) API 618 – Reciprocating Compressors7) API 650 – Welded Tanks for Oil and Gas.8) API 661 – Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 1) ASME B31.1- POWER PIPING
- This code provides requirements for piping typically found in electric power generating stations, in industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems and central and district heating and cooling systems.- It also covers boiler external piping for power boilers and high temperature and high pressure water boilers in which steam or vapor is generated at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degrees Fahrenheit.- This code is intended for manufacturers, designers, operators and owners of piping systems including but not limited to steam, water, oil, gas and all air services plus all potential governing entities.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODESContinue ASME B31.1 - This code is mainly important for Power piping professionals. It does not apply to
piping systems covered by other section of the code for pressure piping, and other piping which is specially exclude from the scope of this code.
2) ASME B31.2: Fuel Gas Piping – Withdrawn in 1988 and superseded by ANSI ASC Z223 on National Fuel Gas Code.- NFPA 54, ANSI Z223.1 provides minimum safety requirements for the design and installation of fuel gas piping systems in homes and other buildings.- This codes requirements cover the installation and operation of fuel gas piping systems, appliances, equipments and related accessories with rules for piping systems materials and components, piping system testing and purging, combustion and ventilation air supply, and venting of gas fired appliances and equipment.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 3) ASME B31.3- PROCESS PIPING (Formerly Chemical Plant and Petroleum
Refinary Piping)- This code normally provides rules for piping typically found in petroleum refineries, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor and cryogenic plants, and related processing plants and terminal including piping for fluids raw, intermediate and finished chemicals, petroleum products, gas, steam, air and water, fluidized solids, refrigerants, cryogenic fluids etc. - For process piping professionals, this code is the most important code.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 4) ASME B31.4- Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries.
- This code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, constructions, assembly, inspection and testing of piping transporting liquids such as crude oil, condensate, natural gasoline, natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, carbon dioxide, liquid alcohol, liquid petroleum products between producers lease facilities, tank farms, natural gas processing plants, refineries, stations, ammonia plants, terminal (marine, rail truck) and other delivery and receiving points. - For process pipeline professionals, this code is the most important code.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 5) ASME B31.5- Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components.
-This code prescribes requirements for refrigerants, heat transfer components and secondary coolants for temperature as low as -320 degree F (-196 degree C) whether erected on the premises or factory assembled. Users are advised that the other piping code sections may provide requirements for refrigeration piping in their respective jurisdictions.
6) ASME B31.6 – Chemical Plant Piping- Never been published as a separate documents, instead got folded into B31.3. A draft of the sections for Chemical Plant piping, B31.6 was completed in 1974. However it was decided to merge this section in ASME B313 because the 2 codes section were closely related.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES- A joint code section, Chemical plant and Petroleum Piping refinery was published in 1976. At this time, items such as fluid service categories ( eg. Category M) Non –metallic piping and safeguarding were introduced into B31.3.
7) ASME B31.7 – Nuclear Piping- Was withdrawn and superseded by ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 8) ASME B31.8- Gas Transmissions and Distribution Piping Systems
- This code covers the piping transporting products that are mostly gas (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) between sources and terminals. This code also covers safety aspects of the operation and maintenance of those facilities.
9) ASME B31.9 – Building Services Piping- This code sections has rules for the piping in industrial, institutional, commercial and public buildings and multi unit residences, which does not require the range of sizes, pressures and temperature covered in B31.1.- This code prescribes requirements for the design, materials, fabrication, installation, inspection, examination and testing of piping systems for building services It includes piping systems in the building or within the property limits.
- Never been published as a separate documents, instead got folded into B31.3. A draft of the sections for Cryogenic Piping was prepared ready for approval in 1981. Again since coverage overlapped with ASME B31.3, it was decided to merge the section committees and developed a single exclusive coded. This codes was issued in 1984.
11) ASME B31.11 – Slurry Transportation Piping Systems- The primary purpose of this code is to establish requirements for design, construction, inspection, testing, operation and maintenance of slurry transportation piping systems for protection of the general public and operating company personal and reasonable protection of the environment. The code covers piping systems that transport slurries of no hazardous materials such as coal, mineral and other solids between a slurry processing plants and receiving plants.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 10) ASME B31.12 – Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines.
- This standards activity has been formed to developed a new code for hydrogen piping and pipelines that contains requirements specific to hydrogen service in power, process, transportation, distribution, commercial and residential applications. It includes equivalent information found in B31.3, B31.8 and NFPA54 for natural gas. - This code is applicable to piping in gas and liquid hydrogen service and to pipelines in gas hydrogen service and also applicable up to and including the joint connecting the piping to associated pressure vessels and equipments but not to the vessels and equipment themselves.- This code was first published in 2008.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 13) ASME CODES: BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL.
- Boiler and Pressure Vessel code contains 11 Sections as mentioned below:i) Section I Power Boilerii) Section II Material Specificationsiii) Section III Div 1, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components iv) Section III Div 2, Code for Concrete Reactor Vessels and Containmentsv) Section IV Heating Boilersvi) Section V Nondestructive Examination
vii) Section VI Recommended Rules for Care and Operations of Heating Boilers
viii) Section VII Recommended Rules for Care and Operations of Heating Boilers
ix) Section VIII Div 1, Pressure Vessels x) Section VIII Div 2, Pressure Vessels – Alternative Rules xi)
Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications xii) Section X Fiber- Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels xiii) Section XI Rules for In-Service inspection of Nuclear Power Plants Components
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
DETAIL EXPLANATIONS OF PIPING CODES 13) ASME STANDARDS: Other important relevant section titles. i) B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads
ii) B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittingsiii) B16.3 Malleable Iron Threaded Fittingsiv) B16.4 Cast Iron Threaded Fittingsv) B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittingsvi) B16.9 Factory made wrought steel butt weld fittingsvii) B16.10 Face to face and End to end dimensions of valvesviii) B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
ETC (Refer list)
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS)- The American Welding Society (AWS) Standards provides information on welding fundamentals, weld design, welders qualifications, testing and inspection of welds and guidance on the application and the use of welds.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATIONS (AWWA)- The AWWA has developed voluntary standards of minimum requirements for materials, equipments and practices used in the water treatment and supply. AWWA standards are used by manufacturers, distributors and water treatment facilities to ensure the highest quality product and services.
PIPING DESIGN CODES AND STANDARD
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS (NACE)- NACE International, originally known as The National Association of Corrosion Engineers, creates standards for corrosion prevention and control. NACE is a member of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as an accredited standard body. - The following is a few common publications relevant for piping
1) NACE MR0103 Standard Materials Requirements – Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environment.
2) NACE MR0175 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Materials for use in H2S containing environments in oil and gas production.
