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Home > Documents > 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf...

1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf...

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1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu; 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu; ? ? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;w eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;w 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? nra;git vit? 4. cupik vd;why; vd;d? 4. cupik vd;why; vd;d?
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Page 1: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;??2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;?eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;?3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit?nra;git vit? 4. cupik vd;why; vd;d?4. cupik vd;why; vd;d?

Page 2: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

vq;fSf;F Ntz;bait vd;d? vq;fSf;F Ntz;bait vd;d? Njitfs; vd;d?Njitfs; vd;d?

rpy rkaq;fspy; rpy nghUl;fs; epr;rakhf rpy rkaq;fspy; rpy nghUl;fs; epr;rakhf vq;fSf;F Ntz;baitahf ,Uf;Fk; - vq;fSf;F Ntz;baitahf ,Uf;Fk; - xU Gjpa Jtpr;rf;futz;b my;yJ jpUkz tPl;bw;F Nghtjw;F Gjpa Mil. ,e;j tifahd . ,e;j tifahd nghUl;fisnay;yhk; vq;fsJ Njitfs; vd nghUl;fisnay;yhk; vq;fsJ Njitfs; vd ehq;fs; nrhy;YNthk; Vndd;why; ehq;fs; nrhy;YNthk; Vndd;why; ekf;F mit Njit. ekf;F mit Njit. Mdhy; ,itnay;yhk; vq;fsJ Njitfs; my;y: ehq;fs; ,itfs; ,y;yhky; thoKbahnjd;gjy;y> vq;fshy; tho KbAk;.

Page 3: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Njitfs; vd;gJ ekf;F KO epr;rakhf ,Uf;f Ntz;bait> mjd; %yk; ehk; tho KbAk; mj;Jld; tho;it jpwk;gl tho KbAk;

cly; eyj;Jld; jplfhj;jpukhf cly; eyj;Jld; jplfhj;jpukhf capu;tho;tjw;Fcapu;tho;tjw;F: vq;fSf;F czT Njit> Rj;jkhd ePu; Njit> epj;jpiu Njit> capu; tho ,lk; Njit mj;Jld; ehq;fs; tUj;jkhf ,Ue;jhy; guhkupg;gjw;F Ml;fs; Njit>

Page 4: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

vq;fsJ jpwikfis ,dq;fhz> mtw;iw vq;fsJ jpwikfis ,dq;fhz> mtw;iw gad;gLj;jgad;gLj;j:: Gjpa tplaq;fis mwpe;J Gjpa tplaq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;s> fw;Wf;nfhs;s> tpisahl vq;fSf;F nfhs;s> fw;Wf;nfhs;s> tpisahl vq;fSf;F re;ju;g;gq;fs; Njit>re;ju;g;gq;fs; Njit>

Mgj;Jf;fspypUe;J Mgj;Jf;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;gjw;FghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;gjw;F:: ehq;fs; ehq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;> guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;> guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

vq;fsJ r%fj;jpd; mq;fkhf vq;fsJ r%fj;jpd; mq;fkhf ehq;fs; ,Ug;gjw;F:ehq;fs; ,Ug;gjw;F: vq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis vq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis $Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk; Ntz;Lk; $Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk; Ntz;Lk; fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Page 5: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

cupikfs; vq;fsJ Njitfs; cupikfs; vq;fsJ Njitfs; Nghd;wit. Nghd;wit. kf;fs; cly; eyj;Jld; kf;fs; cly; eyj;Jld; jplfhj;jpukhf> ghJfhg;ghf xU ey;y jplfhj;jpukhf> ghJfhg;ghf xU ey;y tho;it tho mit mbg;gilahdittho;it tho mit mbg;gilahdit.. cjhuzkhf> vq;fSf;F czT Njit> cjhuzkhf> vq;fSf;F czT Njit> mjidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s vq;fSf;F mjidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s vq;fSf;F cupik ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ehq;fs; cupik ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ehq;fs; fw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> fy;tpiag; fw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;> fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s vq;fSf;F ngw;Wf;nfhs;s vq;fSf;F cupik ,Uf;fpd;wJ.cupik ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

Page 6: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

xUth; jdJ mbg;gilj; Njitfis my;yJ xUth; jdJ mbg;gilj; Njitfis my;yJ cupikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s ,lkspg;gJ cupikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s ,lkspg;gJ my;yJ kjpg;gspg;gJ kw;wtu;fsJ my;yJ kjpg;gspg;gJ kw;wtu;fsJ flikahFk;. kf;fs; jq;fsJ cupikfis flikahFk;. kf;fs; jq;fsJ cupikfis mDgtpg;gij cWjpg;gLj;JtJ mDgtpg;gij cWjpg;gLj;JtJ murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa nghWg;ghFk;. murhq;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa nghWg;ghFk;. mj;Jld; rpWtu;fs; jq;fsJ cupikfis mj;Jld; rpWtu;fs; jq;fsJ cupikfis kw;Wk; Njitfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij kw;Wk; Njitfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij cWjpg;gLj;j ngw;NwhUf;F kw;Wk; cWjpg;gLj;j ngw;NwhUf;F kw;Wk; ghJfhtyu;fSf;F Jiz GuptJ ghJfhtyu;fSf;F Jiz GuptJ murhq;fj;jpd; flikahFk;.murhq;fj;jpd; flikahFk;.

Page 7: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

If;fpa ehLfs; rpWtu; cupikr; rkthak;

rpWtu; cupikr; rkthakhdJ rpWtu;fsJ nghJ> rpWtu; cupikr; rkthakhdJ rpWtu;fsJ nghJ> murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu cupikfis xUq;Nf Gjpa kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu cupikfis xUq;Nf Gjpa kw;Wk; gue;j tifapNy ntspf;nfhzu;fpd;wJ.gue;j tifapNy ntspf;nfhzu;fpd;wJ.

rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;jpy; nkhj;jkhf 54 rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;jpy; nkhj;jkhf 54 cWg;Giufs; cs;sd. 1-41 tiuahd cWg;Giufs; cs;sd. 1-41 tiuahd cWg;Giufs; rpWtu;fsJ cupikfisAk; Vidait cWg;Giufs; rpWtu;fsJ cupikfisAk; Vidait (54 tiu) mtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> (54 tiu) mtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; murhq;fk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; murhq;fk; Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;ba flikfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;ba flikfisAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

Page 8: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Fwpg;gpl;l 41 cWg;GiufisAk; ehd;F Kf;fpa mk;rq;fSf;Fs; xdWgLj;j KbAk;.

‘‘capu;thOk; cupikfs;’capu;thOk; cupikfs;’ vy;yh rpWtu;fSk; capu;tho Ntz;batu;fs; vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,it czT> Rj;jkhd ePu;> epj;jpiu> capu; tho ,lk;> mj;Jld; tUj;jk; Jd;gq;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;gjw;fhd guhkupg;G vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

Page 9: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

‘‘mgptpUj;jp cupik’mgptpUj;jp cupik’ vy;yh rpWtu;fSk; jq;fsJ jpwikfis gad;gLj;jp Kd;NdWtij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,it fy;tpf;fhd cupik> tpisahl;L cupik> jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd cupik> nghOJNghf;F kw;Wk; Mf;fg;ghlhd epfo;Tfspy; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;fhd cupikfis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

Page 10: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

‘‘ghJfhg;G cupik’ ghJfhg;G cupik’ vy;yh rpWtu;fSk; vy;yh tifahd J\;gpuNahfq;fspypUe;Jk; xJf;fpitj;jy;fspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ghJfhg;G cupikfs; gy;NtWgl;l tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpAs;sd: Gfyplk; Njb tUk; kw;Wk; mfjpr; rpWtu;fSf;Fupa tpNrl ftdpg;gpw;fhd cupik> rl;lr; rpf;fy;fspy; khl;ba rpWtu;fs; kupahijAld; jFe;jkhjpup elj;jg;gLtjw;fhd cupik> rpWtu;fis Ntiyf;F mku;j;jp Ruz;LtjpypUe;J ghJfhf;Fk; cupik> kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshf;fg;gl;l rpWtu;fs; me;j frg;ghd mDgtq;fspypUe;J ntspNaWtjw;F cjtp ngWtjw;fhd cupik vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

Page 11: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

gq;fspf;Fk; cupik’ gq;fspf;Fk; cupik’ vy;yh rpWtu;fSk; ,isa Fbkf;fs;> nghJ kf;fs; vd;w tifapy; r%fj;jpdJk; ehl;bdJk; rfytpjkhd epfo;TfspYk; gq;nfLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupikAs;stu;fs; vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,it rpWtu;fisg; ghjpf;Fk; ve;jnthU jPu;khdnkLf;Fk; tplaq;fspYk; rpWtu;fs jq;fsJ; fUj;Jf;fis fUj;Jf;fis $Wtjw;fhd cupik kw;Wk; me;j $Wtjw;fhd cupik kw;Wk; me;j fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w cupikfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.vd;w cupikfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

Page 12: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;jpd; rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;jpd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; vd;d?mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; vd;d?

capu; thOk; cupik>

gq;Fgw;wy; kw;Wk;

mgptpUj;jp>

rpWtupd; rpwe;j eyd;fs;

rpWtupd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F

kjpg;gspj;jy;

ghFghbd;ik

Page 13: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

ghFghbd;ikghFghbd;ikcWg;Giu 2cWg;Giu 2 rfy rpWtu;fSk; ,d> epw> ghy;> rfy rpWtu;fSk; ,d> epw> ghy;> rhjp> nkhop> mgpg;gpuhak;> rhjp> nkhop> mgpg;gpuhak;> Njhw;wk;> tyJFiwT> gpwg;G> Njhw;wk;> tyJFiwT> gpwg;G> my;yJ Ntnwe;jg; Ngjq;fSkpd;wp my;yJ Ntnwe;jg; Ngjq;fSkpd;wp jkJ Mw;wiy tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F rk jkJ Mw;wiy tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F rk cupikiag; ngw;wpUf;fpwhu;fs;cupikiag; ngw;wpUf;fpwhu;fs;

rpy rpWtu;fSf;F Vida rpy rpWtu;fSf;F Vida rpWtu;fspYk; ghu;f;f $Ljyhd ftdk; rpWtu;fspYk; ghu;f;f $Ljyhd ftdk; Njitg;gLfpwJ my;yJ rk re;ju;g;gj;ij Njitg;gLfpwJ my;yJ rk re;ju;g;gj;ij cWjpg;gLj;j tpN\l ftdpg;G cWjpg;gLj;j tpN\l ftdpg;G Njitg;gLfpwJ.Njitg;gLfpwJ.

Page 14: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

rpWtupd; kpfr; rpwe;j eyd;fs;rpWtupd; kpfr; rpwe;j eyd;fs;cWg;Giu 3cWg;Giu 3

rpWtu;fs; njhlu;ghd rfy rpWtu;fs; njhlu;ghd rfy eltbf;iffspYk; mtu;fsJ cr;r eyd;fs; eltbf;iffspYk; mtu;fsJ cr;r eyd;fs; gpujhd ftdpg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;gpujhd ftdpg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

rl;lq;fs;> nfhs;iffs;> epfo;r;rpj; rl;lq;fs;> nfhs;iffs;> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iwj; jahupj;J jpl;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iwj; jahupj;J nraw;gLj;Jtjpy; rpWtiu ikakhff; nraw;gLj;Jtjpy; rpWtiu ikakhff; nfhz;l mZFKiwf;F Mjutspj;jy;nfhz;l mZFKiwf;F Mjutspj;jy;

Page 15: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

rpWtupd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F rpWtupd; fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jykjpg;gspj;jy;cWg;Giu 12cWg;Giu 12 ,J rpWtu;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wk; ,J rpWtu;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wk; cupik MFk;cupik MFk;rpWtu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; rpWtu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; nrtpkLf;fg;gl;L> nrtpkLf;fg;gl;L> kjpg;gspf;fg;gl;L> ftdj;jpw;F kjpg;gspf;fg;gl;L> ftdj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; rpWtu;fisg; ghjpf;Fk; ve;jnthU rpWtu;fisg; ghjpf;Fk; ve;jnthU jPu;khdnkLf;Fk; tplaq;fspYk; jPu;khdnkLf;Fk; tplaq;fspYk; rpWtu;fs; jq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis rpWtu;fs; jq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fis $Wtjw;fhd cupikia toq;f Ntz;Lk;$Wtjw;fhd cupikia toq;f Ntz;Lk;

Page 16: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

capu; thOk; cupik> gpioj;jy; capu; thOk; cupik> gpioj;jy; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpkw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpcWg;Giu 6cWg;Giu 6 vy;yh gps;isfSf;Fk; capu;thOk; vy;yh gps;isfSf;Fk; capu;thOk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp cupik cz;Lkw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp cupik cz;L

murhq;fk; gps;isfsJ capu; thOk; murhq;fk; gps;isfsJ capu; thOk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp cupikfis kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp cupikfis cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

Page 17: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;jpd; tuyhW

1923-1923- vf;yhud; n[g;> rpWtu; cupikfs; vf;yhud; n[g;> rpWtu; cupikfs; gpufldj;jpid tiue;jhu;gpufldj;jpid tiue;jhu;

1924-1924- rpWtu; cupikfs; gpufldk; ru;tNjr rpWtu; cupikfs; gpufldk; ru;tNjr rq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJrq;fj;jpdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ

Page 18: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

1948-1948- I.eh. nghJr;rigapdhy; I.eh. nghJr;rigapdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ru;tNjr kdpj Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; cupikfs; gpufldk; gpufldk; tsu;e;jtu;fSf;Fk; rpWtu;fSf;Fk; tsu;e;jtu;fSf;Fk; rpWtu;fSf;Fk; gpuNahrdkhdnjd Fwpg;ghf gpuNahrdkhdnjd Fwpg;ghf Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJNkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ

1959-1959- ,uz;lutJ rpWtu;fs; cupikg; ,uz;lutJ rpWtu;fs; cupikg; gpufldj;jpid I.eh. rig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJgpufldj;jpid I.eh. rig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ

Page 19: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

1979-1979- 1-rpWth;fspd; ru;tNjr Mz;L 1-rpWth;fspd; ru;tNjr Mz;L

2-rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;ij tiutjw;F 2-rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;ij tiutjw;F nraw;FO xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJnraw;FO xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJ

1989-1989- rpWtu; cupikfs; rkthak; I.eh. rpWtu; cupikfs; rkthak; I.eh. nghJr; rigapdhy; 1989k; Mz;LnghJr; rigapdhy; 1989k; Mz;L etk;gu; khjk; 20k; jpfjp etk;gu; khjk; 20k; jpfjp Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJVw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ

Page 20: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

1990-1990- nrg;nlk;gu; khjk; 2k; jpfjp nrg;nlk;gu; khjk; 2k; jpfjp rkthak; midj;J cyf rl;lkhf rkthak; midj;J cyf rl;lkhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L eilKiwf;F te;jJVw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L eilKiwf;F te;jJ

1991-1991- rpWtu; cupikfs; rkthak; ,yq;if rpWtu; cupikfs; rkthak; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJmurhq;fj;jpdhy; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ

Page 21: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

,yq;ifapy; rpWtu; cupikr; rkthaj;jpd; eilKiw

rkthak; 1990k; Mz;L ij khjk; 26k; jpfjp rkthak; 1990k; Mz;L ij khjk; 26k; jpfjp ifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;lJifnahg;gk; ,lg;gl;lJ

1991k; Mz;L Mb khjk; 12k; jpfjp 1991k; Mz;L Mb khjk; 12k; jpfjp cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJcWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ

1991k; Mz;L Mtzp khjk; 11k; jpfjp 1991k; Mz;L Mtzp khjk; 11k; jpfjp eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJeilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ

1991k; Mz;L brk;gu; khjk; rpWtu;fSf;fhd 1991k; Mz;L brk;gu; khjk; rpWtu;fSf;fhd nraw;wpl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJnraw;wpl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ

Page 22: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

1992k; Mz;L nrg;lk;gu; khjk; rpWtu; 1992k; Mz;L nrg;lk;gu; khjk; rpWtu; gl;lak; cUthf;fg;gl;lJgl;lak; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ

rpWtu; cupikfs; eilKiwg;gLj;jy; rpWtu; cupikfs; eilKiwg;gLj;jy; rk;ge;jkhd murpd; KjyhtJ mwpf;if rk;ge;jkhd murpd; KjyhtJ mwpf;if 1994k; Mz;L ij khjk; n[dPthtpw;F 1994k; Mz;L ij khjk; n[dPthtpw;F mDg;gg;gl;lJmDg;gg;gl;lJ

Fwpg;G:- Fwpg;G:- ,r;rkthak; ,yq;if ,r;rkthak; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdhy; ve;jtpj gpufldNkh murhq;fj;jpdhy; ve;jtpj gpufldNkh xJf;fPLfNsh ,d;wp ifnahg;gk; ,l;L xJf;fPLfNsh ,d;wp ifnahg;gk; ,l;L Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJVw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ

Page 23: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

rpWtu; cupikfs; rk;ge;jkhd cs;ehl;Lr; rl;lthf;fq;fs; njUr;Rw;wpfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; - ,yf;fk; 4 njUr;Rw;wpfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; - ,yf;fk; 4

– 1841– 1841 jz;lidr; rl;lf;Nfhit ,y. 12 – 1883> jz;lidr; rl;lf;Nfhit ,y. 12 – 1883>

tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 17- 1998tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 17- 1998 guhakile;Njhu; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 7 – guhakile;Njhu; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 7 –

1865> tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y.17 – 19871865> tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y.17 – 1987

Page 24: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

rhd;Wf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 17 – 1895rhd;Wf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 17 – 1895 Fbapay; eilKiwr; rl;lf; Nfhit ,y. 2 – Fbapay; eilKiwr; rl;lf; Nfhit ,y. 2 –

1889> tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 19 – 1889> tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 19 – 1977> ,y. 20 – 1977> ,y. 53 – 1977> ,y. 20 – 1977> ,y. 53 – 19801980

tPl;Lj; jLj;Jitj;jy; rl;lk; ,y. 5 – 1907tPl;Lj; jLj;Jitj;jy; rl;lk; ,y. 5 – 1907 nghJj;jpUkzf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 19 – nghJj;jpUkzf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 19 –

1907> tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 18 – 1907> tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 18 – 1995> ,y. 12 – 19971995> ,y. 12 – 1997

Page 25: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Mghr ntspaPLfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 4 – Mghr ntspaPLfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 4 – 19271927

,sk; jtwhspfs; (gapw;rpg; ghlrhiyfs;) ,sk; jtwhspfs; (gapw;rpg; ghlrhiyfs;) fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 28 – 1939 fl;lisr; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 28 – 1939 fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;rl;lj;jpw;fhd jpUj;jq;fs;

fy;tpf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 31 – 1939 fy;tpf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 31 – 1939 fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mf;fg;gl;l xOq;F fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mf;fg;gl;l xOq;F tpjpfs;tpjpfs;

gps;isfs; ,sk; Ml;fs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; 48 – gps;isfs; ,sk; Ml;fs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; 48 – 1939> njhlu;e;j jpUj;jq;fs;1939> njhlu;e;j jpUj;jq;fs;

Page 26: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

tPl;by; jLj;J itj;jy; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 22 – tPl;by; jLj;J itj;jy; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 22 – 19411941

mehijfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 22 – 1941mehijfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 22 – 1941 ,se;jtwhspfs; ed;dlj;ijf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,se;jtwhspfs; ed;dlj;ijf; fl;lisr; rl;lk;

42 – 1944 mijj;njhlu;e;j jpUj;jq;fs;42 – 1944 mijj;njhlu;e;j jpUj;jq;fs; FbtuT Fbmfy;T fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 20 – FbtuT Fbmfy;T fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 20 –

1948 mjidj; njhlu;e;j jpUj;jq;fs;1948 mjidj; njhlu;e;j jpUj;jq;fs;

Page 27: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

gpwg;G ,wg;G gjpTf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. gpwg;G ,wg;G gjpTf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 17 – 195117 – 1951

fz;bau; jpUkzf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 44 – fz;bau; jpUkzf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 44 – 1952> tPNrl jpUj;jk; ,y. 19 – 19951952> tPNrl jpUj;jk; ,y. 19 – 1995

ngz;fs; ,sk; tajpdu; gps;isfs; ngz;fs; ,sk; tajpdu; gps;isfs; njhopw;rl;lk; ,y. 47 – 1956 xOq;F njhopw;rl;lk; ,y. 47 – 1956 xOq;F tjpfSk; ,jd; fPohd tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. tjpfSk; ,jd; fPohd tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 43 – 1964> ,y. 29 – 1973> ,y. 32 – 43 – 1964> ,y. 29 – 1973> ,y. 32 – 19841984

Page 28: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

gps;isfs;> ,sk; Ml;fs;; (nfLjy; gps;isfs;> ,sk; Ml;fs;; (nfLjy; tpistpf;Fk; ntspaPLfs;) fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. tpistpf;Fk; ntspaPLfs;) fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 48 – 195648 – 1956

ePjpKiwr; rl;lk; ,y. 2 – 1978 (tpNrl ePjpKiwr; rl;lk; ,y. 2 – 1978 (tpNrl jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 37 – 1929> my: 27 – jpUj;jq;fs; ,y. 37 – 1929> my: 27 – 1998)1998)

Fw;wtpay; eltbf;iff; Nfhit ,y. 15 – Fw;wtpay; eltbf;iff; Nfhit ,y. 15 – 1980 (tpNrl jpuj;jq;fs; ,y. 20 – 1995> 1980 (tpNrl jpuj;jq;fs; ,y. 20 – 1995> my: 19 – 1997> ,y. 28 – 1998)my: 19 – 1997> ,y. 28 – 1998)

Page 29: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

rpWtu; kfNtw;Gf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; rpWtu; kfNtw;Gf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; jpUj;jg;gl;lJ ,y. 38 – 1979> jpUj;jk; ,y. jpUj;jg;gl;lJ ,y. 38 – 1979> jpUj;jk; ,y. 15 – 199215 – 1992

kJNghijapd; fPo; Gupag;gl;l Fw;wq;fs; kJNghijapd; fPo; Gupag;gl;l Fw;wq;fs; rk;ge;jkhd rl;lk; ,y. 41 – 1979rk;ge;jkhd rl;lk; ,y. 41 – 1979

rpWtu; ghJfhg;G mjpfhur;rl;lk; ,y. 50 rpWtu; ghJfhg;G mjpfhur;rl;lk; ,y. 50 – 1998– 1998

guhkupg;Gj; jpUj;jf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 37 guhkupg;Gj; jpUj;jf; fl;lisr; rl;lk; ,y. 37 – 1997 – 1997

Page 30: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

gps;isfspd; cupikfis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

murhq;f jpizf;fsq;fs;/J];gpuNahfk; rk;ge;jkhf mwptpf;fg;gl

Ntz;ba ,lq;fs;

Page 31: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Njrpa kl;lj;jpyNjrpa kl;lj;jpy;; Njrpa rpWtu; ghJfhg;Gr; rig Njrpa rpWtu; ghJfhg;Gr; rig (NCPA)(NCPA) ngz;fs; rpWth;fSf;fhd nghyp]; ngz;fs; rpWth;fSf;fhd nghyp];

gphpT gphpT (WCD)(WCD) rpWtu; ey;;;nyhOf;f Mizahsu;rpWtu; ey;;;nyhOf;f Mizahsu; kdpj cupikfs; Mizf;FOkdpj cupikfs; Mizf;FO

Page 32: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

khfhz kl;lj;jpy;khfhz kl;lj;jpy;

khfhz rpWtu; cupikfs; fz;fhzpg;Gf; khfhz rpWtu; cupikfs; fz;fhzpg;Gf; FOFO

khfhz Mizahsu;> rpWtu; khfhz Mizahsu;> rpWtu; ey;;;nyhOf;f ghJfhg;Gf; fhupahyak;ey;;;nyhOf;f ghJfhg;Gf; fhupahyak;

Page 33: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

khtl;l kl;lj;jpy;khtl;l kl;lj;jpy; khtl;l rpWtu; mgptpUj;jpf; FO khtl;l rpWtu; mgptpUj;jpf; FO (DCDC) (DCDC)

tpyhrk;: khtl;l nrayfk;> kl;lf;fsg;G tpyhrk;: khtl;l nrayfk;> kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l rpWtu; ghJfhg;Gf; FO khtl;l rpWtu; ghJfhg;Gf; FO (DCPC)(DCPC) tpyhrk;: tpyhrk;:

Nghjdh itj;jparhiy kl;lf;fsg;G Nghjdh itj;jparhiy kl;lf;fsg;G rpWtu; ey;;;nyhOf;f> guhkupg;G jpizf;fsk; rpWtu; ey;;;nyhOf;f> guhkupg;G jpizf;fsk;

(DPCC)(DPCC)

tpyhrk;: ePjpkd;w tshfk;> kl;lf;fsg;Gtpyhrk;: ePjpkd;w tshfk;> kl;lf;fsg;G ngz;fs; rpWth;fSf;fhd nghyp]; gphpT ngz;fs; rpWth;fSf;fhd nghyp]; gphpT (WCD)(WCD)

tpyhrk;: vy;yh nghyp]; tpyhrk;: vy;yh nghyp]; epiyaq;fspYk; ,g;gphpT mikf;fg;gl;lLs;sJ.epiyaq;fspYk; ,g;gphpT mikf;fg;gl;lLs;sJ.

kdpj cupikfs; Mizf;FOkdpj cupikfs; Mizf;FO

Page 34: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

gpuNjr gpuNjr kl;lj;jpykl;lj;jpy;; gpuNjr rpWtu; cupikfs; fz;fhzpg;Gf; gpuNjr rpWtu; cupikfs; fz;fhzpg;Gf;

FO FO tpyhrk;: xt;nthU gpuNjr nrayf tpyhrk;: xt;nthU gpuNjr nrayf mYtyfq;fspYk; mYtyfq;fspYk; rpWtu; cupikfs; Nkk;ghl;L rpWtu; cupikfs; Nkk;ghl;L cj;jpNahf];ju;fis mZfTk; cj;jpNahf];ju;fis mZfTk; (CRPO)(CRPO)

rpWtu;fSld; gzpGupAk; mur rpWtu;fSld; gzpGupAk; mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fs;rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fs;

r%f guhkupg;G epiyak;r%f guhkupg;G epiyak;

Page 35: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

r%f r%f kl;lj;jpy;kl;lj;jpy; rpWtu; cupikfs; Nkk;ghl;L rpWtu; cupikfs; Nkk;ghl;L

cj;jpNahf];ju;fs;cj;jpNahf];ju;fs;

r%f Nritfs; cj;jpNahf];ju; r%f Nritfs; cj;jpNahf];ju;

Page 36: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

FLk;g kl;lj;jpy;FLk;g kl;lj;jpy;

ngw;NwhUkngw;NwhUk; ; guhkupg;ghsu;fSkguhkupg;ghsu;fSk;;

Page 37: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Family

Child

Page 38: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Displacement

Who are IDPs?Who are IDPs? What rights do IDPs have?What rights do IDPs have? What are the Guiding Principles on What are the Guiding Principles on

Internally Displaced Persons? Booklet Internally Displaced Persons? Booklet

Page 39: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

tiutpyf;fzk; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs;

vdg;gLNthH MAjg;gpzf;Ffs;> vdg;gLNthH MAjg;gpzf;Ffs;> nghJg;gilahd td;nray; epyikfs;> kdpj nghJg;gilahd td;nray; epyikfs;> kdpj cupikfs; kPwg;gly; my;yJ kdpjdhy; cupikfs; kPwg;gly; my;yJ kdpjdhy; Vw;gl;l mdHj;jq;fs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J Vw;gl;l mdHj;jq;fs; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J jg;gpg;gpiof;Fk; nghUl;L jk; Fbkidfis jg;gpg;gpiof;Fk; nghUl;L jk; Fbkidfis my;yJ tof;fkhd ,Ug;gplq;fs; Kjypatw;iw my;yJ tof;fkhd ,Ug;gplq;fs; Kjypatw;iw tpl;L tpl;L ,lk; ngaHe;J XlNtz;ba tpl;L tpl;L ,lk; ngaHe;J XlNtz;ba epHg;ge;jk; my;yJ epyikf;F cs;shd epHg;ge;jk; my;yJ epyikf;F cs;shd NghjpYk; rHtNjr thupahf mq;fPfupf;fg; NghjpYk; rHtNjr thupahf mq;fPfupf;fg; ngw;w Njr vy;iyiaf; fle;J ngw;w Njr vy;iyiaf; fle;J nry;yhjpUg;gtHfshtH. nry;yhjpUg;gtHfshtH.

Page 40: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Children & Displacement

Children in emergencies needs special Children in emergencies needs special protection measures: protection measures:

Family unityFamily unity Psycho-social wellbeingPsycho-social wellbeing Protection from exploitation, abuse, Protection from exploitation, abuse,

neglect and violenceneglect and violence Mine safety Mine safety

Page 41: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

Child Protection Referral Mechanism

Page 42: 1. rpWtu; vd;why; ahu;? 2. Vd; rpWtu;fs; eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? eyptile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;? 3. rpWtu;fis eyptilar; nra;git vit? 4. cupik.

ed;wptzf;fk;


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