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1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
1
Experience with ion and dust clearing in CERN AA and EPA
-CERN antiproton accumulator (AA) trapped ions (and dust) effects
-CERN Electron and Positron Accumulator (EPA) trapped ion effects
- AA and EPA clearing systems :
# Clearing electrodes original design and evolutions# Beam shaking
- brief (!) summary of what we learned
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
2
Severe ion/pbar instability problems in AAdipolar and quadrupolar
(coherent effect)
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
3
AA neutralisation incoherent tune shift
Clearing OFF:Neutralisation 60-70%Clearing ON:
Neutralisation <1%
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
4
AA “bloody” phantoms !
time
Horizontal andVertical emittances Versus time
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
5
Excitation of HIGH order resonances by ion pockets (AA)incoherent effect
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
6
CERN AA:effect of charged microparticles trapped into the beam
..and…Beam loss !
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
7
• Poor lifetime & low beam currentwith clearing electrodes off.
(high neutralisation)
Cern electron/position accumulator(120 m, 600 MeV, 8 bunches)
8
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
8
AA clearing system (after improvements)Features: -“quick” change from positive to negative adjustable DC voltage
-individual measurement of clearing current (in picoamps)-polarised BP PU’s in quads-continuous upgrade with resistively plated ceramics in LS and dipoles
Initially : 20 electrodes (metallic plates)At the end : > 50 electrodes , ~50% resistively coated ceramic plates
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
9
AA clearing electrode control and acquisition of the clearing current (F.Pedersen)
Triax connectingcable
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
10
EPA clearing system after improvementsFeatures: -3 series circuits (triax 1986, HV jan 1987, HV sept 1987)
-global measurement of clearing current (in nanoamps) (triax circuit)-polarised BP PU’s in quads-continuous upgrade with resistively plated ceramic buttons in LS ,
quads and dipoles
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
11
“Button” EPA clearing electrodes
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
12
a) metallic electrode
b) Metallic electrode with RF filter
c) Ceramic electrode with resistive coating and RF filter
Possible electrode drawback : coupling with the beam (from F.Caspers):
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
13
Required clearing field to fully remove ions
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
1433
Ion cloud profile for ions created at rest (no thermal energy spread) Dashed line - electron beam, solid line - ion cloud.
Required clearing field to fully remove ions…caveat :transverse ion distribution is not (necessarily) a replica of the beam !
(P.Tavares)(one must also take into account longitudinal drift velocities)
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
15
EPA clearing current as function of clearing voltage
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
16
AA clearing currents as a function of DC clearing voltage
volts0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90
10^11
5 10^11
Number of antiprotons “high” emittance beam
“low” emittance beam
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
17
Fermilab AA : effect on accumulation rate of shaking the beam (works only with clearing on)
S. Van der Meer et al.:Transverse shaking
Close to a N-Q betatron sidebandAND
Close to particle bounce frequency
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
18
CERN EPA : effect of shaking the beam(works only with clearing ON )
1 st March 2007A.Poncet CERN
ECL2 workshopCERN AA and EPA clearing systems
19
What we – AA “ghost busters” - learned…:(for machines like AA and EPA prone to trapping of course !)
• Clearing electrodes are essential (but not enough ?!)
• “low impedance” design works
• Sufficiently high extraction DC voltage is required (!)
• Shaking the beam near an N-Q sideband close to trapped particle bouncefrequency is very efficient to further reduce neutralisation effects
• Shaking in AA’s and EPA worked…if one had clearing electrodes turned ON !
• Avoid ion “pockets” ! (e.g. continuous beam pipe profile)
• However…very difficult to go below 0.1% neutralisation (pockets)
And
• Continuous DC electrodes in magnetic fields might be necessary (some evidence for this in AA and EPA)
• Provide the best possible VACUUM !