RoadOperationsFundamentals
©2016TransportFuturesInstitute
1.TransportPolicy
LearningObjective:
Analysecurrentandemergingchallengesandstakeholderroles,andutiliseatransportpolicyandplanningframeworktoachievedesiredtransportoutcomes.
Topics1.Importanceofurbantransport..............................................................................2
2.Transportsystemmanagement.............................................................................5
3.Policyframework–state,regional,local...............................................................6
4.Keystakeholders....................................................................................................7
5.Trendsintransportandtraffic...............................................................................8
6.Funding..................................................................................................................8
Whatarethecurrentandemergingproblemsorchallengesfacingtransport?Whatarethedriversoftransportdemand?Whichdesiredoutcomesaddresstheseproblems?Whatisthevisionforthefuture?
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 2
1.ImportanceofUrbanTransportTransportisessentialforthemovementofpeopleandgoodsandakeyfactorinhealthofaregionaleconomy.
Thereareaseriesofquestionstobeansweredinplanningandmanagingroadoperations:
Whatarethecurrentandemergingproblemsorchallengesfacingtransport?Whatarethedriversoftransportdemand?Whichdesiredoutcomesaddresstheseproblems?Whatisthevisionforthefuture?
Transportisprimarilyaderiveddemand,aresultofthemovementofpeopleandfreightforeconomicandsocialpurposes.Deriveddemand,fromeconomics,iswheredemandforonegoodorserviceoccursasaresultofdemandforanother.Wetravelinordertosatisfyaneed(iework,business,education,recreation,etc)andtransportfreightaspartoftheoveralleconomicactivity.
Usersoftransportareprimarilyconsumingtheservice,notbecauseofitsdirectbenefits,butbecausetheywishtoaccessotherservicesorplaces.
Transportisaderiveddemand.Understandthedriversofdemand.
FactorsAffectingTransportDemandManyfactorsaffectthedemandfortransport,whichreferstotheamountandtypeoftravelpeoplewouldchooseataspecificpriceandservicequality.
Factorsthatcanaffectfuturetransportdemandinclude:
• Demographics:populationgrowth(births,deaths,migration),ageprofile,householdincomeandsize,etc
• Economy:employmentlevels,economicactivity,freightandtouristdemand,landusetype,mixanddensity,etc.
• Social&political:currentandemergingtrends.
Issuessuchas,populationgrowth,demographictrends,economicgrowth,trafficcongestion,freightandpassengertransportmodeshare,publictransportfunding,vehicleemissionsandenergyuse,landusetrends,socialtrends,environmentalimpacts–areindicativeofcurrentandemergingchallengesfacingtransport.
Managingtransportnetworksrequiresthinkingaboutthesechallengesfromeachmodalperspectiveinvolved(whethercar,bus,truck,ferry,bicycle,orwalking).
Challengesfrominstitutionalandmulti-agencyjurisdictionalarrangements,stakeholderexpectations,andlegislativeandpolicyrequirementsalsoneedtobefactoredintoplanningandmanagement.
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 3
Andtherearetheunderlyingresourcingchallenges,intermsoflimitedpeople(capabilityandcapacity),funding(publicandprivate)andinformation(dataandanalysis).
Thesechallengescanbeanalyseddowntothesub-regionalandcorridorlevel,withinavailableresourcesofpeople,timeandfunding.
Toolbox:PESTELAnalysisPESTELAnalysis1isatoolusedtoanalysefactorsinthe‘bigpicture’ormacrocontext,consideringcurrentandemergingPolitical,Economic,Social,Technological,EnvironmentalandLegalchanges.Manyofthesefactorsareinter-dependent.
ThePESTELtooliseasytounderstandanduseandisusefulmeanstofacilitatestakeholderdiscussionsorworkshopsanddeterminepolicyinterests.
• UsePESTELtobrainstormandidentifycurrentandemergingfactorsinthemacro-environment
• Analysethepotentialimplicationsofthesefactorsforroadoperations.
PESTELAnalysisTool:Achecklistoffactorexamplesforconsideration
Political Economic
• Politicalpartyplatform,electionpromises,bothgovernmentandopposition
• Potentialchangestogovernmentpolicy–national,regional,local–constraintsandopportunities
• National,regional,localeconomicactivitytrends–employmentlevels,interestrates,businessinvestment,householdincomelevels,costofliving,inflation,interestrates,fuelandlabourcosts
Social Technology
• Demographictrends,populationgrowth• Generationalshifts,changesinlifestyle,work,education
• Health,education,culturalchanges• Attitudestoenvironmentandsecurityissues
• Technologychanges,availability,developments
• Newanddisruptivetechnology• Researchdirections
Environment Legal• Physical,social,builtenvironments• Attitudesanddirectionsfornoise,emissions,waterquality,waste,energyconsumptionattitudes
• Legislation,regulation,publishedpolicy,legalcases,judicialreview,enquiries
• Governmentagencystrategy,policyandprocedures,includingcentralagencies:premiers,treasury,planning,development
• Stakeholder,media,lobbygroups,peakassociations
1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 4
Toolbox:SWOTAnalysisASWOTAnalysis2isasimple,butveryusefultechniquetoanalysethecontextofyourpolicy,programorproject.
SWOTstandsforStrengths,Weaknesses,OpportunitiesandThreats.
StrengthsandWeaknessesareeitheraninternalorcurrentassessment.
OpportunitiesandThreatsareexternalandalsolookingtothefuture.
Strengths,Weaknesses,OpportunitiesandThreatsAnalysisTool
Current/Internal Future/ExternalStrengthsWhatiscurrentlybeingdonewell?Whatsuccesses?Whatsuccesseshavetherebeen?Whatcapability/capacity/resourcesareavailable?
OpportunitiesWhatcurrentandemergingtrendspresentopportunities/couldbemadeuseof?
WeaknessesWhatarethelimitationsincapability/capacity/resources?Whatcouldbeimproved?Whatshouldbeavoided?
ThreatsWhatobstaclesarebeingfaced?Whatpotentialthreatsareemerging?
UsePESTELtoanalysefactorsinthemacrocontext.FollowPESTELwithSWOTfordetailedstrategicanalysis.
2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 5
2.TransportSystemManagementAbestpracticetransportsystemmanagementinvolvesamulti-phase,strategicapproachtoachievedesiredtransportsystemobjectives.
Source:NGTSM2016
TheFramework’sphasescanbebroadlygroupedasfollows:
• Objectives-ledstrategicplanning—Phases1to3(goals,objectivesetting,policychoicesandsystemplanning,optiongeneration)
• Appraisalandprogramdevelopment—Phases4and5(businesscase,prioritisationofinitiatives,programdevelopment)
• Deliveryandperformancereview—Phases6and7(delivery,post-completionreviewofperformance)
Aframeworktounderstandtheplanningprocessinvolvesanswering:
• Wherearewetoday?(context,challenges)
• Whatdowewantthefuturetolooklike?(objectives,vision,targets)
• Whodoweworkwithtomakethishappen?(stakeholders)
• Howwillweknowwehavebeensuccessful?(measures)
• Whatprocesseswillweuse?(strategies,programs,projects)
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 6
3.PolicyFramework–State,Regional,LocalTransportnetworkmanagementinvolvesaprocessofidentifyingcurrentandfuturemobilityandaccessneeds–forpeople,freightandservices–andmanagingthetransportsystemtobestaddresstheseneeds.
Thisisinthecontextsustainingeconomicgrowth,supportingliveabilityandqualityoflifeandminimisingtheimpactontheenvironment.
Desiredtransportoutcomesprovideaconsistentframeworktoguidetransportmanagerstoachieveappropriateoutcomesforthecommunity.Thedesiredoutcomescannotbeconsideredinisolationfromeachotherandinvolvesselectingthebestoverallmixofoutcomeswithintheresourcingandinstitutionalcontext.
Linkagesbetweenchallengesanddesiredoutcomes
Transportnetworkmanagementinvolvesaprocessofidentifyingcurrentandfuturemobilityandaccessneeds.
ExampleofStatePolicyTheQueenslandTransportCoordinationandDeliveryPlanaims:
Todeliverthevisionwewillneedtostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofalltransportusers.Thiswillneedcarefulplanning,management,andtoughdecisions.
Threekeygoalssupportthevision
Anefficientandreliabletransportsystem:• peopleandfreightcanmoveeasily• traveltimesarepredictable• therightprojectisdeliveredattherighttimefortherightprice.
Anintegratedtransportsystem:• thedifferentpartsofthesystemworkwelltogether• travelandtransportareaffordableandaccessible• transportandlanduseplanningarecoordinatedatthestate,regionalandlocallevels
• effectivepartnershipsunderpinthesystem.
Challenges• Congestion
• Emissions
• Energyuse
• Safety
• Access&equity
DesiredOutcomes• Reduceneedtotravel• Improvemobilityforpeople&goods
• Movetolowerimpacttravel– safety,environment
• Increaseaccessibility&mobility
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 7
Asafeandsecuretransportsystem:• peoplefeelsafeandsecure• goodscanmovesafelyandsecurely• regulationseffectivelymanagethesystemandredtapeisreduced.Source:TMR(2013)
ExampleofRegionalPolicyConnectingSEQ2031(TMR2011)outlinessixprioritiesforaction:
1. Creatingcompactandconnectedcommunities2. Changingtravelbehaviour3. Improvingtransportsystemefficiencyandsafety4. Supportingeconomicvitality5. Protectingenvironmentalqualityandhealth6. Deliveringanintegratedtransportnetwork
ExampleofLocalPolicyTheTransportPlanforBrisbane2008–2026outlinessixstrategicobjectives:
1. qualitypublictransport2. managedtraveldemand3. coordinatedtransportandlanduse4. asafeandefficientroadnetwork5. deliveringthegoodson-timetotherightplace6. morecleanandgreenpersonaltransport.Source:BCC(2008)
4.KeyStakeholdersAligningthetransportandtrafficnetworkmanagementdeliverablesofkeypartnersiscriticaltosuccess.Astakeholderisagroupororganisationthatcanaffect,orbeaffected(orperceiveto)byyouractions.
Keystakeholdersinclude:
• stateandlocalgovernmenttransportagencies,
• PoliceandEmergencyServices,
• tollroadoperatorsand
• towingandrecoveryservices.
Otherstakeholdersinclude:• Media,trafficreporters,trafficinformationproviders• Publictransport,freight,taxioperators• Usergroups–motorists,freight• Facilitiesdependentonreliabletraffic,egairport,port.
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 8
Stakeholderinvolvementistheprocessofidentifyingkeystakeholders,analysingtheirimportance,andmanaginginteractions.
Aligningdeliverablesofkeypartnersiscriticaltosuccess.
5.TrendsinTransportandTrafficConsiderationofemergingtrendsintransportandtrafficiskeytoeffectivelyplanningandmanagingthenetworkintothefuture.
ExamplesofSEQtrendsinclude:
• Carsdominatethewaypeopletravel,accountingformorethan80%ofalltrips• Therehasbeenasteadydeclineinaveragevehicleoccupancy• Householdcarownershiprateshavebeenincreasing• Averagepeakperiodtravelspeedshavebeensteadilydecreasing• Trafficcongestioncausedbyunplannedincidentsisincreasing• Mostfreightiscarriedbyroad.
Addressingemergingtrendsiskeytoeffectivelyplanningandmanagement.
6.FundingTherearemanysourcesoffundingfortransportnetworkmanagementactivities,includingtaxation(federal,state,local),includingratesandleviesonlocallandowners;fees,suchasmotorvehicleregistration,roadtollsorafares;andfinesforbreachinglawsorregulationsaimedatencouragingdesirableuserbehaviour.
Privatefundingisalsoavailableforsomeactivities,usuallyfundedbyatolloravailabilitycharge.
Understandandtargetthelikelysourcesoffunding.
ReferencesBrisbaneCityCouncil(BCC)(2008)TransportPlanforBrisbane2008–2026.
NationalGuidelinesforTransportSystemManagement(NGTSM),2016https://ngtsmguidelines.com
ConnectingSEQ2031:AnIntegratedRegionalTransportPlanforSouthEastQueensland,2011.
TransportandMainRoads(TMR)(2013)TransportCoordinationandDeliveryPlan.
RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 9
Reading:TransportchallengesfacingtheSEQregion,p16-20inConnectingSEQ2031:AnIntegratedTransportPlanforSEQ,2011
Exercise:IdentifythemajorchallengesandopportunitiesyouconsiderimportantinmanagingroadoperationsinSEQinthenext5-10years
SWOTAnalysisExercise
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Weaknesses
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Future/External
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Threats
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