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©2016TransportFuturesInstitute

1.TransportPolicy

LearningObjective:

Analysecurrentandemergingchallengesandstakeholderroles,andutiliseatransportpolicyandplanningframeworktoachievedesiredtransportoutcomes.

Topics1.Importanceofurbantransport..............................................................................2

2.Transportsystemmanagement.............................................................................5

3.Policyframework–state,regional,local...............................................................6

4.Keystakeholders....................................................................................................7

5.Trendsintransportandtraffic...............................................................................8

6.Funding..................................................................................................................8

Whatarethecurrentandemergingproblemsorchallengesfacingtransport?Whatarethedriversoftransportdemand?Whichdesiredoutcomesaddresstheseproblems?Whatisthevisionforthefuture?

RoadOperations:1.TransportPolicy 2

1.ImportanceofUrbanTransportTransportisessentialforthemovementofpeopleandgoodsandakeyfactorinhealthofaregionaleconomy.

Thereareaseriesofquestionstobeansweredinplanningandmanagingroadoperations:

Whatarethecurrentandemergingproblemsorchallengesfacingtransport?Whatarethedriversoftransportdemand?Whichdesiredoutcomesaddresstheseproblems?Whatisthevisionforthefuture?

Transportisprimarilyaderiveddemand,aresultofthemovementofpeopleandfreightforeconomicandsocialpurposes.Deriveddemand,fromeconomics,iswheredemandforonegoodorserviceoccursasaresultofdemandforanother.Wetravelinordertosatisfyaneed(iework,business,education,recreation,etc)andtransportfreightaspartoftheoveralleconomicactivity.

Usersoftransportareprimarilyconsumingtheservice,notbecauseofitsdirectbenefits,butbecausetheywishtoaccessotherservicesorplaces.

Transportisaderiveddemand.Understandthedriversofdemand.

FactorsAffectingTransportDemandManyfactorsaffectthedemandfortransport,whichreferstotheamountandtypeoftravelpeoplewouldchooseataspecificpriceandservicequality.

Factorsthatcanaffectfuturetransportdemandinclude:

• Demographics:populationgrowth(births,deaths,migration),ageprofile,householdincomeandsize,etc

• Economy:employmentlevels,economicactivity,freightandtouristdemand,landusetype,mixanddensity,etc.

• Social&political:currentandemergingtrends.

Issuessuchas,populationgrowth,demographictrends,economicgrowth,trafficcongestion,freightandpassengertransportmodeshare,publictransportfunding,vehicleemissionsandenergyuse,landusetrends,socialtrends,environmentalimpacts–areindicativeofcurrentandemergingchallengesfacingtransport.

Managingtransportnetworksrequiresthinkingaboutthesechallengesfromeachmodalperspectiveinvolved(whethercar,bus,truck,ferry,bicycle,orwalking).

Challengesfrominstitutionalandmulti-agencyjurisdictionalarrangements,stakeholderexpectations,andlegislativeandpolicyrequirementsalsoneedtobefactoredintoplanningandmanagement.


Andtherearetheunderlyingresourcingchallenges,intermsoflimitedpeople(capabilityandcapacity),funding(publicandprivate)andinformation(dataandanalysis).

Thesechallengescanbeanalyseddowntothesub-regionalandcorridorlevel,withinavailableresourcesofpeople,timeandfunding.

Toolbox:PESTELAnalysisPESTELAnalysis1isatoolusedtoanalysefactorsinthe‘bigpicture’ormacrocontext,consideringcurrentandemergingPolitical,Economic,Social,Technological,EnvironmentalandLegalchanges.Manyofthesefactorsareinter-dependent.

ThePESTELtooliseasytounderstandanduseandisusefulmeanstofacilitatestakeholderdiscussionsorworkshopsanddeterminepolicyinterests.

• UsePESTELtobrainstormandidentifycurrentandemergingfactorsinthemacro-environment

• Analysethepotentialimplicationsofthesefactorsforroadoperations.

PESTELAnalysisTool:Achecklistoffactorexamplesforconsideration

Political Economic

• Politicalpartyplatform,electionpromises,bothgovernmentandopposition

• Potentialchangestogovernmentpolicy–national,regional,local–constraintsandopportunities

• National,regional,localeconomicactivitytrends–employmentlevels,interestrates,businessinvestment,householdincomelevels,costofliving,inflation,interestrates,fuelandlabourcosts

Social Technology

• Demographictrends,populationgrowth• Generationalshifts,changesinlifestyle,work,education

• Health,education,culturalchanges• Attitudestoenvironmentandsecurityissues

• Technologychanges,availability,developments

• Newanddisruptivetechnology• Researchdirections

Environment Legal• Physical,social,builtenvironments• Attitudesanddirectionsfornoise,emissions,waterquality,waste,energyconsumptionattitudes

• Legislation,regulation,publishedpolicy,legalcases,judicialreview,enquiries

• Governmentagencystrategy,policyandprocedures,includingcentralagencies:premiers,treasury,planning,development

• Stakeholder,media,lobbygroups,peakassociations

1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis


Toolbox:SWOTAnalysisASWOTAnalysis2isasimple,butveryusefultechniquetoanalysethecontextofyourpolicy,programorproject.

SWOTstandsforStrengths,Weaknesses,OpportunitiesandThreats.

StrengthsandWeaknessesareeitheraninternalorcurrentassessment.

OpportunitiesandThreatsareexternalandalsolookingtothefuture.

Strengths,Weaknesses,OpportunitiesandThreatsAnalysisTool

Current/Internal Future/ExternalStrengthsWhatiscurrentlybeingdonewell?Whatsuccesses?Whatsuccesseshavetherebeen?Whatcapability/capacity/resourcesareavailable?

OpportunitiesWhatcurrentandemergingtrendspresentopportunities/couldbemadeuseof?

WeaknessesWhatarethelimitationsincapability/capacity/resources?Whatcouldbeimproved?Whatshouldbeavoided?

ThreatsWhatobstaclesarebeingfaced?Whatpotentialthreatsareemerging?

UsePESTELtoanalysefactorsinthemacrocontext.FollowPESTELwithSWOTfordetailedstrategicanalysis.

2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis


2.TransportSystemManagementAbestpracticetransportsystemmanagementinvolvesamulti-phase,strategicapproachtoachievedesiredtransportsystemobjectives.

Source:NGTSM2016

TheFramework’sphasescanbebroadlygroupedasfollows:

• Objectives-ledstrategicplanning—Phases1to3(goals,objectivesetting,policychoicesandsystemplanning,optiongeneration)

• Appraisalandprogramdevelopment—Phases4and5(businesscase,prioritisationofinitiatives,programdevelopment)

• Deliveryandperformancereview—Phases6and7(delivery,post-completionreviewofperformance)

Aframeworktounderstandtheplanningprocessinvolvesanswering:

• Wherearewetoday?(context,challenges)

• Whatdowewantthefuturetolooklike?(objectives,vision,targets)

• Whodoweworkwithtomakethishappen?(stakeholders)

• Howwillweknowwehavebeensuccessful?(measures)

• Whatprocesseswillweuse?(strategies,programs,projects)


3.PolicyFramework–State,Regional,LocalTransportnetworkmanagementinvolvesaprocessofidentifyingcurrentandfuturemobilityandaccessneeds–forpeople,freightandservices–andmanagingthetransportsystemtobestaddresstheseneeds.

Thisisinthecontextsustainingeconomicgrowth,supportingliveabilityandqualityoflifeandminimisingtheimpactontheenvironment.

Desiredtransportoutcomesprovideaconsistentframeworktoguidetransportmanagerstoachieveappropriateoutcomesforthecommunity.Thedesiredoutcomescannotbeconsideredinisolationfromeachotherandinvolvesselectingthebestoverallmixofoutcomeswithintheresourcingandinstitutionalcontext.

Linkagesbetweenchallengesanddesiredoutcomes

Transportnetworkmanagementinvolvesaprocessofidentifyingcurrentandfuturemobilityandaccessneeds.

ExampleofStatePolicyTheQueenslandTransportCoordinationandDeliveryPlanaims:

Todeliverthevisionwewillneedtostrikeabalancebetweentheneedsofalltransportusers.Thiswillneedcarefulplanning,management,andtoughdecisions.

Threekeygoalssupportthevision

Anefficientandreliabletransportsystem:• peopleandfreightcanmoveeasily• traveltimesarepredictable• therightprojectisdeliveredattherighttimefortherightprice.

Anintegratedtransportsystem:• thedifferentpartsofthesystemworkwelltogether• travelandtransportareaffordableandaccessible• transportandlanduseplanningarecoordinatedatthestate,regionalandlocallevels

• effectivepartnershipsunderpinthesystem.

Challenges• Congestion

• Emissions

• Energyuse

• Safety

• Access&equity

DesiredOutcomes• Reduceneedtotravel• Improvemobilityforpeople&goods

• Movetolowerimpacttravel– safety,environment

• Increaseaccessibility&mobility


Asafeandsecuretransportsystem:• peoplefeelsafeandsecure• goodscanmovesafelyandsecurely• regulationseffectivelymanagethesystemandredtapeisreduced.Source:TMR(2013)

ExampleofRegionalPolicyConnectingSEQ2031(TMR2011)outlinessixprioritiesforaction:

1. Creatingcompactandconnectedcommunities2. Changingtravelbehaviour3. Improvingtransportsystemefficiencyandsafety4. Supportingeconomicvitality5. Protectingenvironmentalqualityandhealth6. Deliveringanintegratedtransportnetwork

ExampleofLocalPolicyTheTransportPlanforBrisbane2008–2026outlinessixstrategicobjectives:

1. qualitypublictransport2. managedtraveldemand3. coordinatedtransportandlanduse4. asafeandefficientroadnetwork5. deliveringthegoodson-timetotherightplace6. morecleanandgreenpersonaltransport.Source:BCC(2008)

4.KeyStakeholdersAligningthetransportandtrafficnetworkmanagementdeliverablesofkeypartnersiscriticaltosuccess.Astakeholderisagroupororganisationthatcanaffect,orbeaffected(orperceiveto)byyouractions.

Keystakeholdersinclude:

• stateandlocalgovernmenttransportagencies,

• PoliceandEmergencyServices,

• tollroadoperatorsand

• towingandrecoveryservices.

Otherstakeholdersinclude:• Media,trafficreporters,trafficinformationproviders• Publictransport,freight,taxioperators• Usergroups–motorists,freight• Facilitiesdependentonreliabletraffic,egairport,port.


Stakeholderinvolvementistheprocessofidentifyingkeystakeholders,analysingtheirimportance,andmanaginginteractions.

Aligningdeliverablesofkeypartnersiscriticaltosuccess.

5.TrendsinTransportandTrafficConsiderationofemergingtrendsintransportandtrafficiskeytoeffectivelyplanningandmanagingthenetworkintothefuture.

ExamplesofSEQtrendsinclude:

• Carsdominatethewaypeopletravel,accountingformorethan80%ofalltrips• Therehasbeenasteadydeclineinaveragevehicleoccupancy• Householdcarownershiprateshavebeenincreasing• Averagepeakperiodtravelspeedshavebeensteadilydecreasing• Trafficcongestioncausedbyunplannedincidentsisincreasing• Mostfreightiscarriedbyroad.

Addressingemergingtrendsiskeytoeffectivelyplanningandmanagement.

6.FundingTherearemanysourcesoffundingfortransportnetworkmanagementactivities,includingtaxation(federal,state,local),includingratesandleviesonlocallandowners;fees,suchasmotorvehicleregistration,roadtollsorafares;andfinesforbreachinglawsorregulationsaimedatencouragingdesirableuserbehaviour.

Privatefundingisalsoavailableforsomeactivities,usuallyfundedbyatolloravailabilitycharge.

Understandandtargetthelikelysourcesoffunding.

ReferencesBrisbaneCityCouncil(BCC)(2008)TransportPlanforBrisbane2008–2026.

NationalGuidelinesforTransportSystemManagement(NGTSM),2016https://ngtsmguidelines.com

ConnectingSEQ2031:AnIntegratedRegionalTransportPlanforSouthEastQueensland,2011.

TransportandMainRoads(TMR)(2013)TransportCoordinationandDeliveryPlan.


Reading:TransportchallengesfacingtheSEQregion,p16-20inConnectingSEQ2031:AnIntegratedTransportPlanforSEQ,2011

Exercise:IdentifythemajorchallengesandopportunitiesyouconsiderimportantinmanagingroadoperationsinSEQinthenext5-10years

SWOTAnalysisExercise

Current/Internal Strengths

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Weaknesses

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Future/External

Opportunities

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Threats

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