Tackling HIV LIFE CYCLE OF A DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUS 1. Attachment Virus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on the surface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the host cell. 2. Entry The vital DNA enters the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, in other cases just the DNA. 3. Uncoating If the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the DNA. 4. Replication Using the host cell enzymes, DNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA replicates to produce many copied of double-stranded viral DNA. 5. Transcription Using host cell e nzymes, RNA nuc leotides and ATP , the viral DNA is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins. 6. Translation The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP. 7. Assembly The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to produce new viral particles. 8. Release The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are now capable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again. Double stranded DNA Double stranded DNA for new viruses mRNA Viral protein transcription translation replication
1. AttachmentVirus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on thesurface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the hostcell.
2. EntryThe vital DNA enters the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, inother cases just the DNA.
3. UncoatingIf the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the DNA.
4. ReplicationUsing the host cell enzymes, DNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNAreplicates to produce many copied of double-stranded viral DNA.
5. TranscriptionUsing host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA istranscribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for theproduction of all of the viral proteins.
6. TranslationThe viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are madeusing host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
7. AssemblyThe viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to producenew viral particles.
8. Release
The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are nowcapable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
1. AttachmentVirus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on thesurface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the hostcell.
2. Entry The viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsidenters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes.
3. UncoatingIf the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA and enzymes.
4. ReplicationUsing the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral RNA replicatesto produce many copied of double-stranded viral RNA.
5. TranscriptionUsing host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP and viral enzymes, theviral RNA is transcribed to produce single-stranded viral mRNA. Thiscontains the genetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins.
6. TranslationThe viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are madeusing host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
7. AssemblyThe viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of double-stranded viralRNA to produce new viral particles.
8. Release
The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are nowcapable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE NEGATIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS
1. AttachmentVirus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on thesurface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the hostcell.
2. EntryThe viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsidenters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes.
3. UncoatingIf the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA.
4. ReplicationUsing the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral single negative-stranded RNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral RNA, onenegative strand and one positive strand.
5. ReplicationThe positive RNA strand of the double-stranded RNA replicates to producemany single negative-stranded viral RNA copies.
6. TranscriptionUsing host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP and viral enzymes, thenegative RNA strand is transcribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains thegenetic code for the production of all of the viral proteins.
7. Translation The viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are madeusing host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE POSITIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS
1. AttachmentVirus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on thesurface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the hostcell.
2. EntryThe viral RNA and enzymes enter the host cell. In some cases the capsidenters too, in other cases just the RNA and enzymes.
3. UncoatingIf the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the RNA.
4. ReplicationUsing the RNA nucleotides, ATP and viral enzymes, the viral single positive-stranded RNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral RNA, onenegative strand and one positive strand.
5. ReplicationThe negative RNA strand of the double-stranded RNA replicates to producemany single positive-stranded viral RNA copies.
6. TranslationThe positive viral strands act as mRNA, attach to host cell ribosomes and viralproteins are made using host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
7. AssemblyThe viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of positive viral RNA toproduce new viral particles.
8. Release
The host cell breaks open to release the virus particles which are nowcapable of attaching to a new host cell and the cycle begins again.
Single strandedRNA (+)
Double strandedRNA (+ & -)
Single stranded RNA (+) for new viruses and for use as mRNAfor viral protein production
1. AttachmentVirus attaches to the correct host cell. This is a result of receptors on thesurface of the virus attaching to complementary shaped receptors on the hostcell.
2. EntryThe vital DNA enters the host cell. In some cases the capsid enters too, inother cases just the DNA.
3. UncoatingIf the capsid entered, it now breaks open to release the DNA.
4. ReplicationUsing the host cell enzymes, DNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral single-stranded DNA is replicated to produce double-stranded viral DNA.
5. ReplicationThe new DNA strand of the double-stranded DNA replicates to produce manysingle-stranded viral DNA copies.
6. TranscriptionUsing host cell enzymes, RNA nucleotides and ATP, the viral DNA istranscribed to produce viral mRNA. This contains the genetic code for theproduction of all of the viral proteins.
7. TranslationThe viral mRNA attaches to host cell ribosomes and viral proteins are madeusing host cell enzymes, amino acids, tRNA and ATP.
8. Assembly
The viral proteins are assembled around the pieces of viral DNA to producenew viral particles.
Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 8 cards, each cardrepresenting one of the stages in the life cycle of a double-stranded DNAvirus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cardsin a circle to create the viral life cycle.
Virus attaches to the correcthost cell. This is a result of
receptors on the surface of thevirus attaching tocomplementary shapedreceptors on the host cell.
DS-DNA
Using host cell enzymes, RNAnucleotides and ATP, the viral
DNA is transcribed to produceviral mRNA. This contains thegenetic code for the productionof all of the viral proteins.
DS-DNA
The host cell breaks open torelease the virus particleswhich are now capable ofattaching to a new host cell andthe cycle begins again.
DS-DNA
The viral proteins areassembled around the piecesof viral DNA to produce newviral particles.
DS-DNA
Using the host cell enzymes,DNA nucleotides and ATP, theviral DNA replicates to produce
many copied of double-stranded viral DNA.
DS-DNA
The vital DNA enters the hostcell. In some cases the capsidenters too, in other cases just
Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 8 cards, each cardrepresenting one of the stages in the life cycle of a double-stranded RNAvirus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cardsin a circle to create the viral life cycle.
Using host cell enzymes, RNAnucleotides and ATP and viralenzymes, the viral RNA istranscribed to produce single-stranded viral mRNA. Thiscontains the genetic code forthe production of all of the viralproteins.
DS-RNA
If the capsid entered, it nowbreaks open to release the
RNA and enzymes.
DS-RNA
The viral proteins areassembled around the pieces
of double-stranded viral RNA toproduce new viral particles.
DS-RNA
The viral mRNA attaches tohost cell ribosomes and viral
proteins are made using hostcell enzymes, amino acids,tRNA and ATP.
DS-RNA
The host cell breaks open to
release the virus particleswhich are now capable ofattaching to a new host cell andthe cycle begins again.
DS-RNA
Virus attaches to the correct
host cell. This is a result ofreceptors on the surface of thevirus attaching tocomplementary shapedreceptors on the host cell.
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE NEGATIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS
Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 9 cards, each cardrepresenting one of the stages in the life cycle of a single negative-strandedRNA virus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange thecards in a circle to create the viral life cycle.
Virus attaches to the correcthost cell. This is a result of
receptors on the surface of thevirus attaching tocomplementary shapedreceptors on the host cell.
SNS-RNA
Using the RNA nucleotides,ATP and viral enzymes, the
viral single negative-strandedRNA is replicated to producedouble-stranded viral RNA, onenegative strand and onepositive strand.
SNS-RNA
The host cell breaks open torelease the virus particleswhich are now capable of
attaching to a new host cell andthe cycle begins again.
SNS-RNA
The viral mRNA attaches tohost cell ribosomes and viralproteins are made using host
cell enzymes, amino acids,tRNA and ATP.
SNS-RNA
Using host cell enzymes, RNAnucleotides and ATP and viralenzymes, the negative RNA
strand is transcribed to produceviral mRNA. This contains thegenetic code for the productionof all of the viral proteins.
SNS-RNA
The viral proteins areassembled around the piecesof viral DNA to produce new
The viral RNA and enzymesenter the host cell. In somecases the capsid enters too, inother cases just the RNA and
enzymes.
SNS-RNA
The positive RNA strand of thedouble-stranded RNAreplicates to produce manysingle negative-stranded viral
RNA copies.
SNS-RNA
If the capsid entered, it nowbreaks open to release theRNA.
SNS-RNA
INTENTIONALLY BLANK
To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all singlenegative-stranded RNA virus cards are marked SNS-RNA in the bottom rightcorner.
LIFE CYCLE OF A SINGLE POSITIVE-STRANDED RNA VIRUS
Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 8 cards, each cardrepresenting one of the stages in the life cycle of a single positive-strandedRNA virus. Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange thecards in a circle to create the viral life cycle.
The viral RNA and enzymesenter the host cell. In somecases the capsid enters too, inother cases just the RNA andenzymes.
SPS-RNA
If the capsid entered, it nowbreaks open to release theRNA.
SPS-RNA
The host cell breaks open torelease the virus particles
which are now capable ofattaching to a new host cell andthe cycle begins again.
SPS-RNA
Virus attaches to the correcthost cell. This is a result of
receptors on the surface of thevirus attaching tocomplementary shapedreceptors on the host cell.
SPS-RNA
Using the RNA nucleotides,
ATP and viral enzymes, theviral single positive-strandedRNA is replicated to producedouble-stranded viral RNA, onenegative strand and onepositive strand.
SPS-RNA
The negative RNA strand of thedouble-stranded RNAreplicates to produce manysingle positive-stranded viralRNA copies.
The viral proteins areassembled around the piecesof positive viral RNA to producenew viral particles.
SPS-RNA
The positive viral strands act asmRNA, attach to host cellribosomes and viral proteinsare made using host cell
enzymes, amino acids, tRNAand ATP.
SPS-RNA
To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all singlepositive-stranded RNA virus cards are marked SPS-RNA in the bottom rightcorner.
Photocopy this sheet and cut up to create sets of 9 cards, each cardrepresenting one of the stages in the life cycle of a single-stranded DNA virus.Give a set of cards to each group and the task is to arrange the cards in acircle to create the viral life cycle.
Using the host cell enzymes,DNA nucleotides and ATP, the
viral single-stranded DNA isreplicated to produce double-stranded viral DNA.
SS-DNA
The viral proteins areassembled around the pieces
of viral DNA to produce newviral particles.
SS-DNA
The viral mRNA attaches tohost cell ribosomes and viralproteins are made using host
cell enzymes, amino acids,tRNA and ATP.
SS-DNA
The vital DNA enters the hostcell. In some cases the capsidenters too, in other cases just
the DNA.
SS-DNA
The host cell breaks open torelease the virus particleswhich are now capable of
attaching to a new host cell andthe cycle begins again.
SS-DNA
Using host cell enzymes, RNAnucleotides and ATP, the viralDNA is transcribed to produce
viral mRNA. This contains thegenetic code for the productionof all of the viral proteins.
Virus attaches to the correcthost cell. This is a result ofreceptors on the surface of thevirus attaching tocomplementary shapedreceptors on the host cell.
SS-DNA
The new DNA strand of thedouble-stranded DNAreplicates to produce manysingle-stranded viral DNAcopies.
SS-DNA
If the capsid entered, it nowbreaks open to release theDNA.
SS-DNA
INTENTIONALLY BLANK
To prevent the cards from different exercises becoming muddled, all single -stranded DNA virus cards are marked SS-DNA in the bottom right corner.
