1. What is matter?2. What are the 3 states of matter?3. Give one example each of an element,

a compound, and a mixture.

Actual SISSiron

21.05%sawdust

3.70%

Values (write these down)

sand: 56.76%salt: 18.49%

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTEX38bQ-2w

Next lecture: bring some gum to chew (it must have sugar in it!)

is anything with mass and volume that takes up spaceand is made of ATOMS

If I go over something in lecture REALLY fast, it’s probably not THAT important. If we spend time on something….then it IS important (AND covered on the test

Matter can be found as:ELEMENT a pure

substance made of ONE kind of atom.

COMPOUND substance made from 2 or more atoms that are stuck together (bonded).

MIXTURE combination of 2 or more substances

Pure substancesMixturesWhether they are homogenous or heterogeneous depends on their phase

Classify each example. If it is a substance, write ELEMENT or COMPOUND . If it is a mixture, write

HETEROGENEOUS or HOMOGENEOUS in the mixture column.

homogenous

homogeneous

heterogeneous

homogenous

element

element

heterogeneous

element

compound

homogenous

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Keeps its shape. Does NOT keep its shape (takes shape of container).

Does NOT keep its shape (takes shape of container).

Can NOT be compressed (keeps same volume)

Can NOT be compressed (keeps the same volume)

Can be compressed to fit a smaller volume.

Particles are relatively fixed.

Particles are close but can flow past each other.

Particles have a ton of energy and fly apart.

Session 4 – Matter and EnergyTNTP Chemistry Content Seminar

Many materials are naturally available in pure form. Mixtures can be separated physically, but it requires energy.

Evaporation – separates substances by their volatility. Allowing a volatile component of a mixture to evaporate off leaves the other component behind.

Session 4 – Matter and EnergyTNTP Chemistry Content Seminar

Chromatography –separates substances by the speed that they pass through a stationary phase

Centrifuge – separates solids by density through use of gravitational and inertial forces. More dense solids end up at the bottom of a centrifuge tube as the centrifuge spins.

Session 4 – Matter and EnergyTNTP Chemistry Content Seminar

Extraction – separates solutes by their differences in solubility in polar and non-polar solvents

Recrystallization –separates a solute by its solubility in a solvent. A super-saturated mixture is made and then the solubility is reduced (by cooling or adding another solvent) and the solute “crashes-out” of solution in crystal form. (ex. making rock candy).

Session 4 – Matter and EnergyTNTP Chemistry Content Seminar

Filtering – separates a solute by its phase. Filtering solids through filter paper and allowing the liquid filtrate to pass into a collection flask.

Decanting – separates a solute by its phase and density. Simply pour the liquid off of a solid-liquid mixture.

Is this statement true? “Fog is air saturated with water, and as the air cools the water molecules get bigger and bigger until they become visible.”

No! Water molecules do not change in size. They can cluster and form liquid (fog!) or separate and form a vapor.

Distillation – uses difference in boiling points. Liquids are boiled and the vapors are condensed a different temperatures

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTEX38bQ-2wPhysical vs Chemical Changes:

Evaporation vs. Electrolysis of H2Oevaporation: H2O(l) H2O(g)What bonds are disrupted? How do we know?Just ‘intermolecular forces’. The product is still water

(vapor) which is NOT. flammable

electrolysis: H2O(g) H2(g) + O2(g)What bonds are disrupted? How do we know?Covalent bonds break, products are flammable

BTW: We think of oxygen as a flammable gas, but oxygen is not a flammable gas-it does not burn…it supports the burning of other substances. By using the chemical properties of flammability and supporting burning, you can distinguish between the two gases hydrogen and oxygen.

Physical Changes: cutting, melting, boiling, grinding, freezing,

evaporating, condensing The matter remains the same as the size,

shape, or appearance changes. Substance may require energy or release

energy to undergo a phase change H20 (l) H20 (g)

Chemical Changes fireworks exploding, matches

burning, eggs rotting, bike rusting. The matter changes to

form a new substance that was not there before.

Four clues that a new substance has formed:

1. gas is produced2. a new color is made3. heat & light is given off4. precipitate formed.

How Observant!