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HYSTORY OF MANUFACTURING
8000 3000 BC Wood working – forming – firing
3500 1500 BC Bronze age – metallurgy and metalworking
Iron – Gold – copper – silver – tin
Gold sheet - jewelry
Wiring
2000- 1000 BC Iron – forging process
1000 – 1 BC Iron age
Iron melting – heat treatment as quenching
stamping - coining
1- 1000 AC - Zinc - steel
Armors
Coining – spades
1000 – 1700 blast furnace
cannonry
Wiring
1760- 1830 Industrial revolution
Changes form economy based on agriculture and handicraft
To economy based on industry and manufacturing
i. Watts steam engine
ii. Machine tools – Wilkinson 1775 – cutting lathe
iii. spinning jenny and power loom
iv. factory system
1850 Second Industrial revolution
i. Mass production - 1900 US population was 76 millons
ii. Assembly lines – 1916 Henry Ford – Model T ( < 500 USD)
iii. Scientific management movement
iv. electrification factories
1900 fusion welding process
Scientific management movement F. Taylor – Gilbreath
i. Motion study
ii. Time study
iii. Stardards
iv. Piece rate system
v. Data collection, record keeping, cost accounting
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
DEFINITION MANUFACTURING:
Manus = hand
Factus = make
Make by hands. This term appears around 1567
Since handicraft to specialized task
PROCESS
Input process oulet
Services process
Manufacturing process
Management process
ECONOMIC REALITIES Globalization
International outsourcing
Local outsourcing
Contract manufacturing
Trend toward the service sector
Quality spectations
The need for operational efficiency
APROACH TECHNOLOGIES Modern manufacturers employ technologies, such as:
Automation
Material handling strategies
Manufacturing systems
Flexible manufacturing
Quality programs
Computer integrated manufacturing
Lean production - JIT
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
A production system is a collection of people, equipment and procedures organized to perform the
manufacturing operations of a company.
Levels
Facilities:
Manufacturing support systems
Facilities:
Factory
Production machines
Tooling
Material handling equipment
Inspection equipment
Computer system
Plant layout
Manufacturing support systems
Procedures or process needed to manage the production operations
Involve a cycle of information processing
Figure 1.3
Funtions:
1. Business funtions communication with the customer
Marketing
Forecasting
Order entry
Cost accounting
Customer billing
2. Product design
Research and development
Design enginnering
Prototype shop
3. Manufacturing planning
Process planning. Operation sequency
Master scheduling. MPS. Listing of product to be make
Material Requirement planning. MRP. Raw material and purchasing parts.
Capacity planning.
4. Manufacturing control
Shop floor control
Inventory control
Quality control
MANUFACTURING SYSTEM CATEGORIES In terms of human participation in the process,
1. Manual work system
One or more workers performing one or more tasks with the aid of hand tools.
Hand tools
Is a small tool that is manually operated by the strength and skill of the human user
Figure 1.2 pag 6
2. Worker-machine system
A human worker operates powered equipment
3. Automated system
The process is performed by a machine without the direct participation of a human
worker
Require:
Program of instructions
Control system