10-Network Protocols

7/24/2019 10-Network Protocols

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NETWPROTOC

by: SHELANIDWCB BS


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Networ Proto!o"sA #roto!o" $s % set of r&"es %'( !o')e'

se'($'* $'for+%t$o' o)er % 'etwor. Proto!o"s +%y be $' ASCII ,!-%r%!ters or $' b$'%

Proto!o"s %re est%b"$s-e( by $'ter'%t$o'%" %*reee's&re t-%t !o+#&ters e)eryw-ere !%' t%" to o

D$/ere't #ro*r%+s !%' &se ($/ere't #roto!o"s.

A Network Protocol%re *&$(e"$'es tre*&"%te t-e fo""ow$'* !-%r%!ter$st$!s 'etwor: %!!ess +et-o(0 %""owe( #-yto#o"o*$es0 ty#es of !%b"$'*0 %'( s#ee

tr%'sfer.


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Who invented the IntProtocol? I' % rese%r!- #%#er #&b"$s-e( $' 12340

Cerf%'( Robert Kahn#ro#ose( % #rot-ey !%""e( 6TCP6.

Cerf %'( K%-' ($('7t re%"$8e $t %t t-e t$+

t-e #roto!o" t-ey $')e'te( wo&"( "%terbe!o+e IP0 t-e o9!$%" 'etwor"%yer #of t-e I'ter'et.


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TCP/IPT-e ter+ 6TCP;IP6 $s 'or+%""y &se( to refer to %

of #roto!o"s0 e%!- w$t- ($/ere't f&'!t$o's.TCP;IP $s %"so &se( o' +%'y "o!%" %re% 'etwors

TCP$s t-e +e%'s for !re%t$'* t-e #%!ets0 #&tt$'* t-to*et-er $' t-e !orre!t or(er %t t-e e'(0 %'( !-e!$'t-%t 'o #%!ets *ot "ost $' tr%'s+$ss$o'. .A port nualwa"! between # and $%%&$' inclu!ive

Internet Protocol (IP) $s t-e +et-o( &se( to ro&te t-e #ro#er %((ress.

T-e "o*$!%" %((resses $' t-e TCP;IP #roto!o" s&$te %re%((resses.

Note t-%t IP (oes 'ot +%e #-ys$!%" !o''e!t$o's betwb&t re"$es o' TCP for t-$s f&'!t$o'. IP $s %"so &se( $' !o

ot-er #roto!o"s t-%t !re%te !o''e!t$o's.


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TCP *eader +a"out

E%!- TCP -e%(ere=&$re( >e"(s tbytes,1@ b$ts

TCP -e%(ers %'(-e%(ers e%!- !o

#%r%+eters!%""e( felds(e>#roto!o" te!-'$!s#e!$>!%t$o's.

TCP $'serts -e%(t-e +ess%*e str

or(er "$ste( %bo
http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/basicnetworking/g/bldef_byte.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/basicnetworking/g/bldef_bit.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/basicnetworking/g/bldef_bit.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/cs/basicnetworking/g/bldef_byte.htm


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,order -atewa" Prot(,-P)BP ,Bor(er %tew%y Proto!o" $s % #ro

e!-%'*$'* ro&t$'* $'for+%t$o'betwee' *%tew%y -osts ,e%!- w$t- $tsow' ro&ter $' % 'etwor of %&to'o+o&syste+s.

BP $s ofte' t-e #roto!o" &se( betwee'*%tew%y -osts o' t-e I'ter'et. T-e ro&t%b"e !o't%$'s % "$st of 'ow' ro&ters0 t%((resses t-ey !%' re%!-0 %'( % !ost +%sso!$%te( w$t- t-e #%t- to e%!- ro&te

t-e best %)%$"%b"e ro&te $s !-ose'.


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.P.!er ata0ra Protocol ,DP $s &se(

to*et-er w$t- IP w-e' s+%"" %+o&'ts of$'for+%t$o' %re $')o")e(.

A"ter'%t$)e to TCP.

It $s s$+#"er t-%' TCP %'( "%!s t-e ow!

%'( errorre!o)ery f&'!t$o's of TCP. T-&sfewer syste+ reso&r!es.

A data0ra$s %"+ost t-e s%+e %s % packet-%t so+et$+es % #%!et w$"" !o't%$' +ore t-(%t%*r%+.


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IC1P

Internet Control 1e!!a0e Protocol(e>'es % s+%"" '&+ber of +ess%*es &s($%*'ost$! %'( +%'%*e+e't #&r#oses.

It $s %"so &se( by P$'* %'( Tr%!ero&te.


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1ail Protocol! P2P&

Po!t 23ce Protocol,POP $s t-e +ost !o+#roto!o" &se( by PCs for re!e$)$'* +%$".

It $s 'ow $' ver!ion &so $t $s !%""e( P2P&.

E+%$" !"$e'ts re=&$re %' %((ress for % POPF sbefore t-ey !%' re%( +%$".

$s t-e +%$"bo #roto!o" of t-e I'ter'et %'( %to (ow'"o%( +%$" fro+ % +%$" ser)er. T-e se-o"( o'to yo&r +%$" &'t$" yo& %!!ess $t. O'!e%!!ess $t0 yo&r !"$e't softw%re w$"" (ow'"o%($'!o+$'* +%$" %'( w$#e $t fro+ t-e ser)er. P

o#er%tes o' TCP ##4.


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51TP5iple 1ail Tran!fer Protocol ,SMTP

+ost !o++o' #roto!o" for se'($'* +%$" $s t-e 6po!tan7 of the Internet.

T-e SMTP %'( POPF ser)ers +%y or +%y 'os%+e %((ress.

A +ore #owerf&" #roto!o" for re%($'* +%$" $sInteractive 1ail Acce!! Protocol (I1AP#roto!o" %""ows for t-e re%($'* of $'($)$(&%"+%$"boes %t % s$'*"e %!!o&'t %'( $s +ore !$' b&s$'ess e')$ro'+e'ts.

IMAP %"so &ses TCP to +%'%*e t-e %!t&%"tr%'s+$ss$o' of +%$".


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*"perTe8t Tran!ferProtocol

*"perTe8t Tran!fer Protocol A' I'ter'etb%se( #rose'($'* %'( re!e$)$'* web#%*es. It &ses TCP 99&0 to tr%'sfer HTTP (%t% )$% SSL ,Se!&re So!et L%yer. S$tes$'!re%se( se!&r$ty0 s&!- %s %' o'"$'e +er!-%'t0 &se HT&ser $'for+%t$o'. ,Note: TLS ,Tr%'s#ort L%yer Se!&r$tySSL.

*"perte8t 1arkup +an0ua0e ,HTML $s % st%'(%r( +

!o'str&!t$'* Web #%*es. A' HTML #%*e $s tr%'s+$tte( o)er t-e Web $' % st%'(%r( w%y

'ow' %s *"perte8t Tran!fer Protocol ,HTTP. T-$s #roto!+%'%*e t-e Web tr%'s+$ss$o'.

HTTP $s !%""e( % stateless#roto!o" be!%&se e%!- !o++%'( $'(e#e'(e't"y0 w$t-o&t %'y 'ow"e(*e of t-e !o++%'(s t-%

T-$s $s t-e +%$' re%so' t-%t $t $s ($9!&"t to $+#"e+e't Web s

$'te""$*e't"y to &ser $'#&t. T-$s s-ort!o+$'* of HTTP $s be$'*


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*TTP 5tatu! Code! 949 error 64@4 $"e Not o&'(6 $s % !o++o

st%t&s !o(e. It +e%'s t-e Web ser)er !%''ot>"e yo& re=&este(. T-e >"e t-e web#%*e o(o!&+e't yo& try to "o%( $' yo&r Web browse$t-er bee' +o)e( or (e"ete(0 or yo& e'terewro'* RL or (o!&+e't '%+e.

%4: ,ad -atewa" error $s %' HTTP st%t&s +e%'s t-%t o'e ser)er re!e$)e( %' $')%"$( refro+ %'ot-er ser)er.

T-e B%( %tew%y error !%' be !&sto+$8e( bwebs$te. W-$"e t-$s $s'7t )ery !o++o'0 ($/er

ser)ers do describe this error dierently.


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;ile Tran!fer Protoco ;ile Tran!fer Protocol ,TP $s % st%'(%r(

#roto!o" &se( to tr%'sfer !o+#&ter >"es betw!"$e't %'( ser)er o' % !o+#&ter 'etwor. O#o' TCP port! :4,(%t% ; :#,tr%'s+$ss$o' !o

It $s %' o"( #roto!o" %'( $s &se( "ess t-%' $t wt-e Wor"( W$(e Web !%+e %"o'*.

It !%' %"so be &se( for (ow'"o%($'* fro+ t-+ore ofte' t-%' 'ot0 (ow'"o%($'* $s (o'e )S$tes t-%t -%)e % "ot of (ow'"o%($'* ,softw%e%+#"e w$"" ofte' -%)e %' TP ser)er to -%tr%9!. If TP $s $')o")e(0 t-e RL w$"" -%)e f

fro't.


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5;TP

5;TP,Se!&re TP $s % )ers$o' of TP t&ses SSH ,Se!&re S-e"" to tr%'sfer (%tse!&re"y0 t-&s &s$'* w-$!-e)er #ort SS

Port ?? for t-ose w-o !%'7t >*&re $t o&t


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T;TP

T;TP,Tr$)$%" TP $s % DP )ers$o' of T&t$"$8es .P port $


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Telnet

Telnet,Te"e!o++&'$!%t$o's Networ to re+ote"y !o''e!t to % 'o(e.

A"" !o++&'$!%t$o's w$t- te"'et %re $' !tet ,e)e' t-e #%sswor( for %&t-e't$!%

%'( s-o&"( 'ot be &se( $' se's$t$)e s$t It $s !%""e( ter+$'%" e+&"%t$o' softw%re

be!%&se t-e re+ote ter+$'%" $s %)%$"%b!o''e!t$o'. Te"'et o#er%tes o' TCP :&


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55*

55* (5ecure 5hell) i! a !ecure replaceenTelnet.

Te"'et tr%'sfers $'for+%t$o' $' #"%$' or !"e%r teSSH %""ows ter+$'%" e+&"%t$o' $' !$#-er tet0 we=&%tes to e'-%'!e( %'( $'!re%se( se!&r$ty.

SSH o#er%tes o' TCP ::.

NOTE: Cipherte8t$s e'!ry#te( te8t. P"%$'tet $syo& -%)e before e'!ry#t$o'0 %'( cipherte8t$s te'!ry#te( res&"t.


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NNTP

NNTP,Networ News Tr%'sfer Proto!o#roto!o" &se( by !"$e't %'( ser)er soft!%rry SENET ,'ews*ro #ost$'*s b%fort- o)er % TCP;IP 'etwor.

NNTP o#er%tes o' TCP port ##


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+AP

+AP,L$*-twe$*-t D$re!tory A!!ess Proto!o" % 6irector" 5ervice!7 protocolt-%t b%s$!%%""ows % ser)er to %!t %s % !e'tr%" ($re!tory fo'o(es.

A f%+o&s $+#"e+e't%t$o' of LDAP $s 1icro!of

Active irector",Do+%$'. LDAP o#er%tes o' TCP and .P &>*&r%t$o' re=&ests to t-e ser)er. M%'( o#er%t$'* syste+s %"re%(y -%)e DHCP !"$e'ts $'

A *CP rela" a0ent0 w-$!- #%sses DHCP re=&estsLAN to %'ot-er so t-%t t-ere 'ee( 'ot be % DHCP se

e)ery LAN.


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N5oain Nae 5"!te,or Serviceo

$s %' I'ter'et ser)$!e t-%t tr%'s"%tes d

names$'to IP %((resses0 $'to ter+s &'by -&+%'s ,s&!- %s Do+%$' N%+es %)ers%.

Do+%$' '%+es %re %"#-%bet$!%""y %rr%

e%s$er to re+e+ber. T-e I'ter'et -owre%""y b%se( o' IP %((resses. E)ery t$+&se % (o+%$' '%+e0 t-erefore0 % DNS +&st tr%'s"%te t-e '%+e $'to t-e !orreIP %((ress. or e%+#"e0 t-e (o+%$'

'%+e www.exam le.com+$ -t tr%'s"%


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N5DNS $+#"e+e'ts % ($str$b&te( (%t%b%s

t-$s '%+e %'( %((ress $'for+%t$o' for

-osts o' t-e I'ter'et. DNS %ss&+es IP%((resses (o 'ot !-%'*e ,%re st%t$!%""%ss$*'e( r%t-er t-%' (y'%+$!%""y %ss$

T-e DNS (%t%b%se res$(es o' % -$er%r!

s#e!$%" (%t%b%se ser)ers. W-e' !"$e'tsbrowsers $ss&e re=&ests $')o")$'* I'te'%+es0 % #$e!e of softw%re !%""e( t-eresolver,&s&%""y b&$"t $'to t-e 'etwor

o#er%t$'* syste+ >rst !o't%!ts % DNS7


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So+e #eo#"e !%"" DNS t-e 6#-o'e booI'ter'et.

T-e I'ter'et &t$"$8es DNS %s % wor"(w$(reso"&t$o' ser)$!e for #&b"$! Web s$tes.

DNS ser)ers%re $'st%""e( %'( +%$'t%$'#r$)%te b&s$'esses %'( I'ter'et *o)er'bo($es %ro&'( t-e wor"(.

N5
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/dns_domainnamesystem/tp/top-free-internet-dns-servers.htmhttp://compnetworking.about.com/od/dns_domainnamesystem/tp/top-free-internet-dns-servers.htm


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5.11ARB

I' or(er for !o+#&ters to !o++&'$!%teo'e %'ot-er0 st%'(%r( +et-o(s of $'fotr%'sfer %'( #ro!ess$'* -%)e bee' (e)

T-ese %re referre( to %s 6#roto!o"s6 %'

of t-e +ore !o++o' o'es s&!- %s TCPDP0 ICMP0 POP0 SMTP0 HTTP0 %'( TP0 DNS.


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Ass$*'+e't

Rese%r!- o' ot-er we""'ow' #orts;'&

%s$(e fro+ w-%t we -%)e ($s!&sse( $' t,?@ #orts +$'$+&+.

Networ +o'$tor$'* %'( se!&r$ty

Port +o'$tor$'* %'( +%'%*e+e't

De>'$t$o' %'( &t$"$t$es

Re*$stere( #orts: ,F@ #orts +$'$+&+.

De>'e s#e!$>! &se.

S-ort bo'( #%#er

S$'*"e s#%!e w$t- t$t"e #%*e;!o)er D&e o' eb. ?? ?@1


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&$8


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# TCP !tand! for

%Tr%'s+$ss$o' Co'tro" Proto!o"bTr$)$%" Co''e!t$o' Proto!o"

!Te"e#-o'y Co''e!t$o' Proto!o"(Tr%9! Co'tro" Proto!o"


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: .P !tand! for

%'$)ers%" D%t% Proto!o"b're"$%b"e D%t%*r%+ Proto!o"

!ser D%t%*r%+ Proto!o"("t$+%te D%t% Proto!o"


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& Which of the followin0 hi0hprotocol! operate on top of TC

%TPbHTTP

!SMTP(%"" of t-e %bo)e


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9 Which of the followin0 hi0herprotocol! t"picall" operate on to

.P?

%ARPbDNS

!Te"'et(%"" of t-e %bo)e


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%.P oDer! which of thefollowin0 bene@t! relative t

% DP !o's&+es fewer !o+#&ter reby 'ot +%$'t%$'$'* !o''e!t$o' st%t

bDP s#orts % se"fre*&"%t$'* 6t-fe%t&re t-%t #re)e'ts 'etwor s%t&

!DP *&%r%'tees t-%t $'($)$(&%" #%tr%'s+$ss$o' w$"" %rr$)e 6$' or(er

('o'e of t-e %bo)e


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$TCP oDer! which of the fobene@t! relative to .P?

% TCP %""ows +&!- "%r*er #%!ets too)er t-e 'etwor0 $+#ro)$'* %##"$!%#erfor+%'!e

bTCP $'!"&(es % 6retry6 +e!-%'$s+ #re)e't +$ss$'* ,(ro##e( #%!ets

!TCP &ses % s+%""er -e%(er t-%' (o('o'e of t-e %bo)e


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EThe lo0ical addre!!e! in the Tprotocol !uite are called FFFFFFF

addre!!e!

% #ort

bIP!E+%$"(TCP

> Wh t i th f ti


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>What i! the functio*TTP?% It e'%b"es >"es to be retr$e)e( fro+

ser)ers.

b$t #ro)$(es % +e!-%'$s+ for t$+esy'!-ro'$8%t$o' $'for+%t$o' to be!o++&'$!%te( betwee' -ost.

!$t e'%b"es )$rt&%" ter+$'%" sess$o's o#e'e( o' % re+ote -ost.

(It reso")es NetBIOS '%+es to IP %((

< Wh t i th f ti


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A'swe


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# TCP !tand! for

%Tr%'s+$ss$o' Co'tro" Proto!o"bTr$)$%" Co''e!t$o' Proto!o"

!Te"e#-o'y Co''e!t$o' Proto!o"(Tr%9! Co'tro" Proto!o"


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: .P !tand! for

%'$)ers%" D%t% Proto!o"b're"$%b"e D%t%*r%+ Proto!o"

!ser D%t%*r%+ Proto!o"("t$+%te D%t% Proto!o"


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& Which of the followin0 hi0hprotocol! operate on top of TC

%TPbHTTP

!SMTP(%"" of t-e %bo)e


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9 Which of the followin0 hi0herprotocol! t"picall" operate on to

.P?

%ARPbDNS

!Te"'et(%"" of t-e %bo)e


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%.P oDer! which of thefollowin0 bene@t! relative t

% DP !o's&+es fewer !o+#&ter reby 'ot +%$'t%$'$'* !o''e!t$o' st%t

bDP s#orts % se"fre*&"%t$'* 6t-fe%t&re t-%t #re)e'ts 'etwor s%t&

!DP *&%r%'tees t-%t $'($)$(&%" #%tr%'s+$ss$o' w$"" %rr$)e 6$' or(er

('o'e of t-e %bo)e


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$TCP oDer! which of the fobene@t! relative to .P?

% TCP %""ows +&!- "%r*er #%!ets too)er t-e 'etwor0 $+#ro)$'* %##"$!%#erfor+%'!e

bTCP $'!"&(es % 6retry6 +e!-%'$s+ #re)e't +$ss$'* ,(ro##e( #%!ets

!TCP &ses % s+%""er -e%(er t-%' (o('o'e of t-e %bo)e


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EThe lo0ical addre!!e! in the Tprotocol !uite are called FFFFFFF

addre!!e!

% #ort

bIP!E+%$"(TCP

> What i! the functio


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>What i! the functio*TTP?% It e'%b"es >"es to be retr$e)e( fro+

ser)ers.b$t #ro)$(es % +e!-%'$s+ for t$+e

sy'!-ro'$8%t$o' $'for+%t$o' to be!o++&'$!%te( betwee' -ost.

!$t e'%b"es )$rt&%" ter+$'%" sess$o's o#e'e( o' % re+ote -ost.

(It reso")es NetBIOS '%+es to IP %((

< What i! the functio


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are con!idered tran!portprotocol!? (Choo!e the tw

be!t an!wer!)

%.TCP

b.IP!.DP(.NCP

Date post:	23-Feb-2018
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