10 Politics during the NEP

Overview

• Recap and introductionA. Main ThemesB. Transformation of the PartyC. Power Struggle: from Lenin to StalinD. State BuildingE. Soviet Socialism and the Bourgeois

WorldF. Conclusion

A. Main Themes

1. Transformation of the Party: reconstituting and rebuilding

2. Emergence of Stalin and Stalinists

3. State construction: soviets and apparatus of rule

4. Nationality: from RSFSR to USSR

B. Transformation of the Party

1. Why? a. New tasks: from revolution to rule

b. Broaden political base: minorities, peasants, specialists

c. Purge: removing opportunists and opponents

d. Reproletarianize

B. Transformation of the Party

2. Party membershipa. Growth: purge and recruit

b. Class origin

c. Geography: urban-rural

d. Gender

e. Ethnicity

f. Age

g. Education

h. Old and new Bolsheviks

i. Conclusions

B. Transformation of the Party

3. Party Organizationa. Politburo

b. Central Committee and Party Congresses

c. Secretariat

Structure of the Communist Party

C. Power Struggle: From Lenin to Stalin

1. Lenin’s last days2. Contenders and issues3. Left Opposition (Trotsky), 1923-254. United Opposition (Trotsky, Zinoviev,

Kamenev, 1925-75. Right Opposition (Bukharin, Tomsky, Rykov),

1927-96. Stalin’s Victory

Lenin at the 10th Party Congress (1921)

Lenin

A Dying Lenin

Lenin’s Funeral: Krupskaia and Ulianov Sisters

Memorializing: Lenin at Work in the Kremlin (Brodskii, 1930)

Lenin and Stalin (1922)

Mikoyan, Stalin, Ordzhonikidze (1925)

Stalin and Kirov (1926)

Stalin at XVII Party Congress (1927)

Stalin’s Birthday Party (1929)

Nikolai Bukharin

Trotsky: Expulsion from the Party (1927)

Trotsky: Departure into Exile (1929)

D. State Building

1. Formation of the USSR

2. Central state administration

3. Soviets and local administration

4. Army

5. Police

Structure of the Soviet State

D. State Building

1. Formation of the USSRa. Problem

b. Party: Factions and Perspectives

c. Incorporation: From Russian Federation to Soviet Union

d. Constitution of 1924

e. Making Nations: Central Asia

D. State Building

2. Central state administration

3. Soviets and local administration

4. Army

5. Police

Felix Dzerzhinskii (Chief of Cheka/OGPU)

OGPU Armed Train “Felix Dzerzhinskii” (1928)

OGPU Report on Workers in “Red Putilovets” Factory (1925)

OGPU: Siberian Brick Plant (1931)

Kyrgyz Red Cavalry in 1920s

E. Soviet Socialism, Bourgeois World

1. Policy and Politics of Foreign Affairs

2. Foreign policy: traditional and revolutionary

3. From “world revolution” to “socialism in one country”

F. Conclusions

1. Fundamental transformation of the Party: reconstituted, bureaucratized

2. Power struggle, NEP crises, emergence of radical Stalinism

3. State construction: central organs, local soviets and instruments of repression

4. Nationality: from RSFSR to USSR5. Foreign policy: from “bipolar” to “socialism in

one country” (as base of eventual world revolution)