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10.3

Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose

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StarterHaemoglobin summary on kerboodle

http://www.live.kerboodle.com/http://www.live.kerboodle.com/

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Exam Practice

Haemoglobin is a rotein.

!" #hat is meant by the $uaternary structure o% arotein& '1 mark"

(" )he tertiary structure o% haemoglobin allo*s it tocarry oxygen. Exlain ho*. '+ marks"he way in which polypeptide chains ft together; 1

rnary structure only applies to a protein molecule that has more thanso you must put chains to show more than one.

ch polypeptide has a specifc 3D shape;globin has hydrophilic groups that allow it to mix with blood;

ecifc shape allows the oxygen molecules to ft into the proteins.drophilic groups are on the outside o" the molecule and can access th

n in the blood.

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earning -becti/es and SuccessCriteria

escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymers o%starch and glycogen

escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymercellulose

Exlain ho* the

structures o% starch,glycogen and celluloserelate to their %unctions

4ou can match u carbohydrates to

%unctions 4ou can make models o% thestructure o% glucose, starch and

cellulose

4ou can ans*er exam $uestions oncarbohydrates

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Starch StructureStarch is made %rom chains o% 2glucose

monomers

)hese are linked by glycosidic bonds,%ormed by condensation reactions '*aterreleased"

ra* out an 2glucose monomer

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Starch Structure)he chain o% 2glucose is *ound into a tight

coil

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Starch#here is starch %ound in a lant&5any arts as starch grainsSeedsStorage organs e.g. Potato tubers

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#hy is starch a good molecule %orstorage in lants&

#n pairs come up with a list o" reasons6t is insoluble, so doesn7t dra* *ater into

cells by osmosis

#on7t easily di8use out o% cells because itis insoluble

6t can be stored in a small sace becausethe tight coils make it comact

Can be easily hydrolysed to gi/e 2glucose,*hich can be used in resiration

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GlycogenStarch is not %ound in animal cells,

glycogen is used instead

6t is similar to starch, but has shorter chainsand is more highly branched

Storage molecule %or animals, %ound assmall granules in the muscles and the li/er

(ecause o% the shorter chains it is e/en

more readily hydrolysed than starch

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Cellulose5ade o% 2glucose, rather than 2glucosera* a molecule o% 2glucose

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Cellulose)o %orm glycosidic links, each 2glucose

molecule is rotated 190: comared to the onenext to it

Has straight, unbranched chains that runarallel to one another

Hydrogen bonds link the chains

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CelluloseSo many hydrogen bonds hel to

strengthen cellulose

)his makes cellulose a good structuralmaterial, hence its use in lant cell *alls toaid rigidity

Cellulose does this by grouing together to%orm micro;brils ;bres

Cellulose also re/ents cells bursting, sothey are turgid *hen %ull *ith *ater. )hishels suort stems

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Carbohydrates$or each o" these statements, pic% thecorrect carbohydrate "rom the listopposite

&arbohydrates ' may beused once, more than onceor not at all

1. Stains dee blue *ith iodine

solution

+. 6s kno*n as . !re olysaccharides

?. 5onosaccharide %ound in starch

@.Has a structural %unction

A. Can be hydrolysed

9. Easily di8uses in and out o% cells

2glucose

2glucose

Starch

Cellulose Glycogen

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Carbohydrates 2 !ns*ers1. Stains dee blue *ith iodine solution 2 Starch+. 6s kno*n as . !re olysaccharides 2 Starch, cellulose,glycogen

?. 5onosaccharide %ound in starch 2 2glucose

@. Has a structural %unction 2 Cellulose

A. Can be hydrolysed 2 Starch, cellulose,glycogen

9. Easily di8uses in and out o% cells 2 2glucose,2glucose

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!cti/ity B make models o% the moleculesout o% the e$uiment a/ailable

5ake an 2glucose ring5ake a starch molecule

5ake a 2glucose ring

5ake a cellulose molecule

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Exam uestions#ork through the exam $uestions on

carbohydrates

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earning -becti/es and SuccessCriteria

escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymers o%starch and glycogen

escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymercellulose

Exlain ho* the

structures o% starch,glycogen and celluloserelate to their %unctions

4ou can match u carbohydrates to

%unctions 4ou can make models o% thestructure o% glucose, starch and

cellulose

4ou can ans*er exam $uestions oncarbohydrates