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8/7/2019 11 Melting & Boiling
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MELTING
&BOILING
TOPIC 11: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
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WHAT HAPPENS TO MATTER
WHEN THERMAL ENERGY IS
APPLIED TO IT?
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EdnaMariaHjOsman.E-ma
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OF THE MATTER
THERMAL ENERGY
CAN
Changethe temperature
Changethe state
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WHAT DO WE KNOW?
When heat is applied to a substance.The substance may undergo changes of state.
Heat Energy Applied
Change in Stateof substance
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WHAT DO WE KNOW?
When heat is removed from a substance.The substance may undergo changes of state.
Heat Energy Removed
Change in Stateof substance
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FOCUSON
THESUBSTANCEmELTING&BOILING
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MELTING
A change of state from solid to liquid without a
change in temperature.
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SOLID LIQUID
MELTING
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m.p = -117 C
Et
hly
Alc
oho
l
m.p = 0 C
Ice
m.p = 57 C
W
ax
For a puresubstance, melting
occurs at afixedtemperature.
This temperatureis known as
the melting point.
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m.p = 232 C
Tin
m.p = 1060 C
Gold
For a puresubstance, meltingoccurs at a
fixedtemperature.
This temperatureis known as
the melting point.
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DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT
The solid is slowly heated until all the solid melts.
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Procedures
Record the initial temperatureof the solid.1
Start heating with a slow
flame from a Bunsen burner.2
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DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT
The solid is slowly heated until all the solid melts.
PreparedbyCg
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Procedures
Take readings of
temperature every minute
until all the solid has melted
and the temperature of the
liquid reaches a certaintemperature.
3
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DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT
The solid is slowly heated until all the solid melts.
PreparedbyCg
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Procedures
Plot a graph of temperature
against time.4
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-10
0
10
20HEATING CURVE OF ICE
Tem
perature/
C
Time / min
DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT
The graph is a smooth curvewith a horizontal section.
Heating curves are used to
determine melting points.
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-10
0
10
20HEATING CURVE OF ICE
Tem
perature/
C
Time / min
DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT
The horizontal lineindicatesa change of state.
Refer to the temperature
axis for the melting point!
PreparedbyCg
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8/7/2019 11 Melting & Boiling
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SOLIDIFICATION
A change of state from liquid to solid without a
change in temperature.
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SOLID LIQUID
FREEZING
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Napthalene
freezing pt = 79 C
Forapure substance,freezing occursat a
fixedtemperature.
This temperatureis known as
the freezing point.
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DETERMINATION OF FREEZING POINT
The liquid is slowly cooled until all the liquid freezes.
Procedures
Record the initial temperature
of the liquid.1
Take readings of temperature
every minute until all the liquid
freezes and the temperature ofthe solid reaches a certain
temperature.
2
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DETERMINATION OF FREEZING POINT
The liquid is slowly cooled until all the liquid freezes.
Procedures
Plot a graph of temperatureagainst time.
3
PreparedbyCg
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65
70
75
80
85
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
COOLING CURVE OF NAPTHALENE
Temperature/
C
Time / min
DETERMINATION OF FREEZING POINT
Cooling curves are used to
determine freezing points.
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65
70
75
80
85
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
COOLING CURVE OF NAPTHALENE
Temperature/
C
Time / min
DETERMINATION OF FREEZING POINT
The horizontal lineindicatesa change of state.
Refer to the temperature
axis for the freezing point!PreparedbyCg
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65
70
75
80
85
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
COOLING CURVE OF NAPTHALENE
Temperature/
C
Time / min
DETERMINATION OF FREEZING POINT
Refer to the temperature
axis for the freezing point!
Freezing point isthe temperature atwhich a liquid changes to a solid.
PreparedbyCg
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MELTING POINT & FREEZING POINT
A pure substance will solidify/ freeze at atemperature equal to its melting point.
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SOLID LIQUID
MELTING
FREEZING
Melting Point
of Substance
Freezing Point
of Substance=
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BOILING
A change of state from liquid to gas without a
change in temperature.
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LIQUID GAS
BOILING
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For a pure substance, boiling occurs ata
fixedtemperature.
This temperatureis known as
the boiling point.
b.p = 35 C
Ether
b.p = 79 C
Alcohol
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For a pure substance, boiling occurs ata
fixedtemperature.
This temperatureis known as
the boiling point.
b.p = 357 C
Mercury
b.p = 100 C
Water
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DETERMINATION OF BOILING POINT
-10
1030
50
70
90
110HEATING CURVE OF WATER
Temperature/
C
Time / min
Heating curves arealso used to determine
boiling points.
PreparedbyCg
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DETERMINATION OF BOILING POINT
-10
1030
50
70
90
110HEATING CURVE OF WATER
Temperature/
C
Time / min
These horizontal linesindicate
changes of state.
PreparedbyCg
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DETERMINATION OF BOILING POINT
-10
1030
50
70
90
110HEATING CURVE OF WATER
Temperature/
C
Time / min
Theupper horizontallinesindicateliquid to
gasconversion
Refer to thetemperature axisfor the boiling
point!
PreparedbyCg
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ail:edna.maria.osman@gma
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DETERMINATION OF BOILING POINT
-10
1030
50
70
90
110HEATING CURVE OF WATER
Temperature/
C
Time / min
Thelower horizontallinesindicatesolid to
liquidconversion
Refer to thetemperature axisfor the melting
point!
PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
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CONDENSATION
A change of state from gas to liquid without a
change in temperature.
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LIQUID GAS
CONDENSATION
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PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
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LIQUID GAS
CONDENSATION
BOILING
BOILING POINT & CONDENSATION POINT
A pure substance will condense at a temperatureequal to its boiling point.
Condensation Point
of Substance
Boiling Point of
Substance=
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WHY IS
THE TEMPERATURECONSTANT DURING
CHANGES OF STATE?PreparedbyCgEdnaMariaHjOsman.E-m
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LATENT HEATAll the thermal energy is used to break/create the
substances intermolecular bonds during changes of state.
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SOLIDLIQUIDGAS
CreatingBonds
CreatingBonds
Breaking
Bonds
Breaking
Bonds
None of the thermal energy is used to change the kinetic
energy of the particles during changes of state.
There will be no change in the temperature of the substance.
SUMMARIZATION
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SUMMARIZATION
-10
10
30
50
70
90
110
A HEATING CURVE
Te
mperature/
C
Time / min
Boiling
Melting
Solid &
LiquidPresent
Liquid &Gas
Present
LiquidPresent
SolidPresent
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SUMMARIZATION
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MELTING POINT & FREEZING POINTA pure substance will solidify/ freeze at a
temperature equal to its melting point.
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SOLID LIQUID
MELTING
FREEZING
Melting Point
of Substance
Freezing Point
of Substance=
SUMMARIZATION
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