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NonmetalsNonmetals
• Gases or brittle solids at room temperature.
• Low melting and boiling points
[http://universe-review.ca/I13-14-sulfur.jpg]
[http://www.lighthouse.chtr.k12.ma.us/periodic/periodicimages/iodine.jpg]
NonmetalsNonmetals
• Do not conduct electricity well (insulators).
[http://www.lighthouse.chtr.k12.ma.us/periodic/periodicimages/iodine.jpg]
NonmetalsNonmetals
• Makes up most of the mass of living organisms.
[http://www.hawcc.hawaii.edu/math/Courses/Math100/Chapter4/HomeWork/G1/BodyElements.png]
HydrogenHydrogen
• Exists as H2 when alone as an element. (diatomic)
• Is the most abundant element in the universe. (90%)
Click here for hydrogen video
Noble GasesNoble Gases
• Found in group 18 or 8A
[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter06/Text_Images/FG06_08-03UN.JPG]
Noble GasesNoble Gases
• Have energy levels full of electrons. (8 valence)– Except Helium!
• Exist only as elements in nature, no compounds! (chemically inert)
[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_32.JPG]
Noble GasesNoble Gases
• Useful in lighting and for insulation purposes (windows!)
• Some are heavier/denser than air.
[http://prl.dcu.ie/gallery/gallery-images/gallery_015.jpg]
Click here for a Noble Gas Demo
HalogensHalogens
• Found in group 17 or 7A
[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter06/Text_Images/FG06_08-03UN.JPG]
HalogensHalogens
• All have 7 valence electrons.
• React easily with Alkali Metals
[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/media/kossel-icons/Cl.gif]
HalogensHalogens
• Most reactive nonmetals.
• Exist as diatomic molecules when alone as elements. (F2, Cl2, etc..)
Click here for Halogen Reactivity Video[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/
Instructor_Resources/Chapter_09/FG09_32.JPG]
Mixed GroupsMixed Groups
[http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH08/FG08_16.JPG]
Mixed GroupsMixed Groups
• Named for the element at the top of the group.
• Example: Group 13 Boron Group
Mixed GroupsMixed Groups
• Metalloids (or semi-metals) have properties of both metals and non-metals
• Not Aluminum!
[http://www.socorro.k12.nm.us/mars/chapter3/chemistry/metalloids/insert/table.gif]
Mixed GroupsMixed Groups
• Carbon exists as two allotropes – different forms of the same element
[http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter10/Text_Images/FG10_26.JPG]
All Carbon: Diamond vs. Graphite
[http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2041_f97/matter/FG11_042.GIF]
The “Super Seven” are all diatomic when alone as elements!
Both Nitrogen and Oxygen are diatomic as elements (N2 & O2)!