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CASE STUDY #1

Oil-Source Rock Correlation

inthe Niigata Basin, J apan

Waseda (2009)

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OBJECTIVES

 The objective of the case study is

to have an opportunity to apply aknowledge of geochemistry

to correlate oil to source rock.In order to study a petroleum system,the oil to source rock correlation isalways important.

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Study area

Oil and gas fields in the Niigata Basin, J apan are selected for the study.

 They are located in the northern section

of Honshu (the main island of J apan)along the coast of the J apan Sea.

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Hokkaido

Niigata Basin

Honshu

Pacific Ocean

 Japan Sea

Shikoku

 Tokyo

Niigata

Kyusyu

0 500 1000 km

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GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUNDS

A thick sequence of sedimentary and volcanic rocks

of Miocene to Pleistocene age is deposited.

 The sedimentary sequence consists of the Nanatani,Lower and Upper Teradomari, Shiiya, Nishiyama and

Haizume Formations in stratigraphically ascending

order (Fig. 2).Oil and gas accumulations mainly occur in

sedimentary rocks (sandstone, tuffaceous sandstone

etc.) of the Lower Teradomari, Shiiya and NishiyamaFormation, and volcanic rocks (rhyolite, dacite etc.) of 

the Nanatani Formations called "Green Tuff".

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Generalized stratigraphic column in the Niigata Basin

Uonuma

Haizume

Nishiyama

Shiiya

Upper Teradomari

Lower Teradomari

Age

Pleistocene

   P   l   i  o  c  e  n  e

   M   i  o  c  e  n  e

Formation Lithology

Late

Early

Middle

Late

"Green Tuff"

Grey Siltstone

Black Mudstone with

Sandstone and Tuff 

Volcanic Rock

Alternation of Sandstone

and Mudstone

Black Mudstone

Sand, Gravel, Silt

Grey Mudstone withSandstone

Black Mudstone with

Sandstone and Tuff 

Nanatani

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OIL-SOURCE ROCK CORRELATION

 Two oil samples and ten rock samples fromwells and outcrops in the Niigata Basin were

selected for the study. The rock samples were pulverized and treatedwith organic solvent to isolate extracts.

 The oils and extracts were separated withcolumn chromatography into saturatedhydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, NSO-

compounds and residue, respectively. The saturate hydrocarbon fractions weresubmitted to gas chromatography-mass

spectrometry (GC-MS).

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Steranes and triterpanes are representative biomarkers

usually used for the oil-source rock correlation. Masschromatograms of steranes (m/z 217) and triterpanes (m/z191) of the oils and extracts are shown in Figs. 3-1 to 3-12.

Comparing mass chromatograms of m/z 217 and m/z 191between the oils and extracts respectively, you may findsome similarities and differences among them. Some of the

characteristics are:relative abundance of C27, C28 and C29 steranes (peak A,B and C on the m/z 217 chromatograms),

relative abundance of C29 hopane (peak D on the m/z191 chromatograms) and

relative abundance of Oleanane (peak E on the m/z 191

chromatograms).

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Oil #1C27 steraneC28

C29

oleanane

C29hopane

C30hopane

5.26cm

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WORK #1

Draw base lines on each chromatogram. Measure heights of peaks A, B and C on the m/z 217 chromatograms, and peaks D,

E and F on the m/z 191 chromatograms.Calculate the following ratios and fill in the blanks in the Table 1.

C27 / (C27 + C28 + C29) sterane(20R 5α, 14α, 17α) A / (A+B+C)

C28/ (C27 + C28 + C29) sterane(20R 5α, 14α, 17α) B / (A+B+C)C29 / (C27 + C28 + C29) sterane(20R 5α, 14α, 17α) C / (A+B+C)

C29 hopane/ C30 hopane D / FOleanane/ C30 hopane E / F

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 Table 1 Characteristics of Steranesand Triterpanesin the Niigata Basin

Sample m/z 217 mass chromatogram m/z 191 mass chromatogram

Peak Height Peak Ratio Peak Height Peak Ratio

A B C A/(A+B+C) B/(A+B+C) C/(A+B+C) D E F D/F E/F

Oil Shiiya Oil #1

Oil Green Tuff Oil #2

Rock Extract Nishiyama Ny#1

Rock Extract Nishiyama Ny#2

Rock Extract Shiiya Sy #1

Rock Extract Shiiya Sy #2

Rock Extract U.Teradomari UT #1

Rock Extract U.Teradomari UT #2

Rock Extract L.Teradomari LT #1

Rock Extract L.Teradomari LT #2

Rock Extract Nanatani Nt#1

Rock Extract Nanatani Nt#2

 Type Formation Name

A: C27sterane(20R 5α, 14α, 17α) DB: C28sterane (20R 5α, 14α, 17α) E

C: C29sterane (20R 5α, 14α, 17α) F

: C29 17α(H) hopane: 18α(H) oleanane

: C30 17α(H) hopane

Table1 Characteristicsof SteranesandTriterpanesintheNiigataBasin

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 Table 1 Characteristics of Steranes and Triterpanes in the Niigata Basin

Sample m/z 217 mass chromatogram m/z 191 mass chromatogram

Peak Height Peak Ratio Peak Height Peak Ratio

A B C A/(A+B+C) B/(A+B+C) C/(A+B+C) D E F D/F E/F

Oil Shiiya Oil #1 5.26 4.68 3.22 0.40 0.36 0.24 2.99 2.12 5.27 0.57 0.40

Oil Green Tuff Oil #2 5.09 4.46 3.10 0.40 0.35 0.25 2.93 1.83 5.68 0.52 0.32

Rock Extract Nishiyama Ny #1 3.64 3.33 5.68 0.29 0.26 0.45 5.08 1.08 4.86 1.05 0.22

Rock Extract Nishiyama Ny #2 2.94 2.22 5.17 0.28 0.21 0.50 4.63 0.72 2.58 1.79 0.28

Rock Extract Shiiya Sy #1 2.62 2.26 5.20 0.26 0.22 0.52 5.15 1.77 4.21 1.22 0.42

Rock Extract Shiiya Sy #2 2.76 3.35 5.78 0.23 0.28 0.49 3.36 1.99 5.43 0.62 0.37

Rock Extract U.Teradomari UT #1 4.63 3.36 4.50 0.37 0.27 0.36 2.95 2.68 5.47 0.54 0.49

Rock Extract U.Teradomari UT #2 4.06 5.12 4.62 0.29 0.37 0.33 3.58 0.97 5.66 0.63 0.17

Rock Extract L.Teradomari LT #1 5.45 5.29 4.18 0.37 0.35 0.28 3.64 2.12 5.86 0.62 0.36

Rock Extract L.Teradomari LT #2 5.46 4.72 3.77 0.39 0.34 0.27 3.51 1.53 6.08 0.58 0.25

Rock Extract Nanatani Nt #1 5.38 4.04 3.44 0.42 0.31 0.27 3.84 2.09 5.82 0.66 0.36

Rock Extract Nanatani Nt #2 4.02 2.06 2.98 0.44 0.23 0.33 5.58 0.83 5.22 1.07 0.16

A: C27 sterane (20R 5α, 14α, 17α) D: C29 17α(H) hopane

B: C28 sterane (20R 5α, 14α, 17α) E: 18α(H) oleananeC: C29 sterane (20R 5α, 14α, 17α) F: C30 17α(H) hopane

 Type Formation Name

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WORK #2

Plot the calculated ratios on a ternary

diagram (Fig. 4) and a cross plot (Fig. 5).

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C28 Steranes, % C29 Steranes, %

C27 Steranes, %100 80 60 40 20 0

100

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100Oil #1 Oil #2

Ny #1 Ny #2

Sy #1 Sy #2

UT #1 UT #2

LT #1 LT #2

Nt #1 Nt #2

Fig. 4 Ternary diagram showing the relative abundance of C27, C28 and C29 steranes

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Fig. 5 Crossplot of oleanane/C30 hopane vs. C29 hopane/C30 hopane

   C   2   9   h  o  p  a  n  e   /   C   3   0   h  o  p  a  n  e

 

0.0

0.1

0.20.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.31.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Oleanane / C30 hopane

Oil #1 Oil #2

Ny #1 Ny #2

Sy #1 Sy #2

UT #1 UT #2

LT #1 LT #2

Nt #1 Nt #2

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CONCLUSION

 The formation(s), whose extracts have similarratios to those of the oils can be correlated to

the oils, and should be regarded as a sourcefor the oils.

WORK #3

Choose probable source rock formation(s),which can be correlated to the oils.

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Comparisons of the relativeabundance of 

C27, C28 and C29 steranesC29 hopane/C30 hopane ratio

oleanane/C30 hopane ratio

between the oils and the extracts

The source rocks of the oils arethe Lower Teradomari Formationor Nanatani Formation.