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8/13/2019 116387755 Project Report Tourism
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AN
IN DEPTH STUDY
OF
TOURISM INDUSTRY
PRESENTED TO:
MR PRANAV YADAY IV SEMESTER - 520429452
DISTANCE EDUCATION
SIKKIM MAINPAL UNIVERSITY.
5TH MILE, TADONG, GANGTOK - 7371!
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE RE"UIREMENTS
FOR THE #MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PRO$ECT% COURSE IN THE
MASTER OF &USINESS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMME
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PREFACE
Today a stiff competition is seen in the economy, Now, the Present
scenario of the business world is quite different from the past. Ethics, Conflicts,
new ideologies, new ideologies, energy scarcities and crazy dogmas are just.
The few of the characteristics that mae the present quite different from the
past.
!n order to cope up in the e"er#changing en"ironment, the nowledge of
all business worlds is a need today. $.%.&. programs and management
institution pro"ide a global manager to this modern business world. %ut only
nowledge is not enough for the business %ut successful implementation of the
now s the ey to success.
'ence in order to get acquainted with the practical nowledge eachstudent is required to implement the theoretical aspects of the subject in to the
practical life wor.
&fter a lot of brain storming we decided tourism industry as a title of
project. (e decided to wor on this title.
(e referred so many magazines, wed sites, boos and newspapers for.
The study purpose. This project will be fruitful for us in the future also. (e are
presenting this report, which comprise of secondary data and to out best
nowledge it is true and fair.
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ACKNO'LEDGEMENT
!t would really difficult for me to complete the project without find co#
)peration of certain people. !n other words are so many e*ternal who directly
help me in our project.
+irst of all we are grateful to $r. aianthan -ir who guided us regarding
the project contents and issues related to it. +urther we are "ery grateful to $r.
ajesh /anatra who pro"ided their "aluable guidance to us regarding the
project.
(e are also "ery grateful to out friends, who helped us and guided us
egarding the sources of information related to particular industry (e are also
"ery grateful to my concern 01i"ine %irds 2 $aninagar3 staff especially
librarian, (ho helped us and consider our con"enience and gi"e priority to us.
(e are also "ery grateful to the librarian of &$& who guided us
regarding the sources of information.
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E(ECUTIVE SUMMARY
Tourism !ndustry is one of the fastest growing industry in the world with
an a"erage /1P of 44.56. Changing lifestyle of the people because of a sudden
increase in their income le"els accredited to the opening up of the economy and
$ultinational Corporation has led to the steep growth of tourism industry in
!ndia. Tourist7s attention is shifting from established destinations such as
European countries to emerging destination such as &sia#pacific countries.
Tra"el barriers ha"e been broen and there is a flow of free trade. Tourism has
become multiple acti"ates focused with the integration of shopping and
recreation, entertainment and education and culture and meeting8business center
de"elopment.
!ndia 2 a subcontinent sprawling se"eral hundred ilometers, with
population o"er nine hundred million, is undoubtedly the largest democracy in
the world with a thousand year old ci"ilization. T)* +*/0 +2*4 6089 0 0)* 24 *464 I62 &*26; 4/) 4;)0 0* 0240
*4026026.
The !ndian Tourism industry comprise go"ernment of !ndia, tour
operators, tour agents, hotels !ndian Tourism de"elopment corporation etc.
further, the project categorizes tourism industry as follows9 H82< 024=,A*60* 024=, P28;2=;* 024= 6 E/ > 024=, *0/.
!n !ndia there are many tourist destinations, which are not mareted
properly. -o in this project we ha"e con"ersed about the important of
M9*026; M2?in the !ndian Tourism !ndustry, which consist of Product $i*,
Promotion $i*, Price $i*, Place and people.
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Tourism !ndustry is deeply affected by the 4/28, 0*/)68;2/8,
*/6=2/ /04.&ll these factors ha"e been gi"en their due credit in the
project. Economy being the bloodline of any country has been de"oted a major
chun in the study of these factors followed by social and technological factors.
/o"ernment policies pro"ide a basic framewor, which minds and controls
e"ery industry. Therefore, it has to be studied so that not a single factor remains
untouched.
+or the de"elopment of any industry the basic infrastructure facilities are
"ery important. !ndian railway is the world7s largest networ under a single
management. The railway is one of the facilities required for tourism besides
a"iation, telecommunications and accommodation.
Tour operators and tra"el agents perform the role of a liaison and a
catalyst too in this industry without whom it is "ery difficult to operate.
P=0268 /02202*4play an important role in the de"elopment of any
acti"ity. !nternational road shows, conferences, tourism awareness programs,
sporting e"ents, media it, etc. ha"e contributed a lot in promoting !ndian
tourism. The project also gi"es a brief about the promotional measures.
&s we now that tourism industry of !ndia is growing at a "ery fast paceso in this we ha"e +*/0 84 *84 @20) 0)* /*60 4/*62 6 0)*
/)88*6;*4 /* < 0)* 024= 2640< I62.
The tourism industry is also */0* < 0)* 6;26; @ *0@**6 USA
6 IB.!f this war continues for the longer time the tourist would not tra"el
in the European countries.
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& few suggestions about de"elopment of tourism in !ndia ha"e been
maret in the project such as planning, organizational structure, business
process reengineering, information systems, operations management, mareting
strategy formulation, en"ironmental impact assessment and project
management.
%esides tourism industry as a whole a study has been made about
Tourism Corporation of /ujarat :imited. &n o"er"iew of the organization and
its policies and abo"e all an attempt has been made to perform a -()T analysis
for both the industry at the macro le"el as well as for the origination at the end
of the project study.
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RESEARCH O&$ECTIVES
T)* */02* *)26 6*0926; 0)24 +*/0 24:
; To ha"e nowledge about the woring of the industry in !ndia.
; To pro"ide an outloo both the people already in the industry as well as
for any entrepreneur who wants to enter the industry.
; To ha"e an in# depth nowledge about the woring of the tourism
industry in !ndia
; To identify the specific problems a tourism industry is facing.
; To study the impact of the tourism industry on the local economy and to
establish benchmars for the industry to realize its full economic
potentials.
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
S*/6< D0 C88*/026
S*/6< 0 @288 * 026* = 4/*4 829*:
4. /CC!
. $agazines?. @ournals
5. Newspapers
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CONTENT
Certificate
Preface
&cnowledgement
E*ecuti"e -ummary
esearch $ethodology
SR. NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO.1. D*262026 0 T24= I640< 1
4.4 Tourism 4
4.< (ho is a Tourist 4
4.= 1efinitions followed in !ndian and across the world =
4.> !nternational definitions ?
!. H240< T24= I640< 7
3. A6 I640< *2*@ 1!
=.4 Challenges faced by the /lobal Tourism !ndustry 4=
. F*0*4 T24= I640< 155. T24= 26 A42 1
?.4 Tourism /rowth factors 4A
?.< Economic /rowth 4A
?.= !ncrease in !ncome and :eisure time :iberalizations of &ir transport
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A.> 1estination ?
A.? $anagement of &irport ?
A.5 &irlines ?A
A.B ail and oad and Transportation ?A
A. 'otels ?AA.A esort epresentati"es 54
A.4 'otels 54
1. S'OT A68
4.= )pportunities 5?
4.> Threats 55
11. PEST A68 Technological A=
1!. P0*%4 F2* F/* A68.4 !ncorporation and Commencement of %usiness 444>.< -hare Capital 44
4>.= %usiness of the Company 44
4>.> Types of +inancial &ssistance for Tourism Projects 44A
4>.? Norms of &ssistance 4.5 Technological En"ironment 4.B Norms for &utomatic &ppro"al of foreign 1irect
!n"estment
4
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15. &;*0 I=+/0 6 T24= 1!
4?.4 !mpact on 'otels 4=
4?.< !mpact on &irlines 4=4
4?.= !mpact on ailway %udget on Tourism 4==
45. Challenges faced by Tourism !ndustry 4=545.4 'urdles to /rowth 4=5
45.< !nfrastructure 4=B
45.= Tourist +acilitation and security 4>4
17. I=+/0 '4 1!
1. R*/==*60264 1
1. G0 T24= 15!
4A.4 !ntroduction 4?4A.> $areting 4?>
4A.? $ajor de"elopments 4??
4A.5 )bjecti"es 4?B
4A.B Proposed approach and strategy 4?
4A. Planning for tourism de"elopment 4?A
4A.A 'uman resource de"elopment 45=
4A.4 -()T &nalysis 2 /ujarat Tourism 45>
4A.44 Gey -uccess +actors 45?
%ibliography&nne*ure
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The abo"e definition can be "astly different from what we generally
percei"e. 'owe"er, when the facts and the figure are calculated as to the
number of people "isiting a country, the abo"e definition is taen into
consideration.
')2/) 0
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I6 ;*6*8 0240 *:
; Persons tra"eling for pleasure, health and domestic reason.
; Persons arri"ing in the course of sea cruise.
; Persons tra"eling for business purpose.
; Persons tra"eling for con"ention.
1.3 D*2620264 88@* 26 I62 6 /44 0)* @8
I60*60268 V2420
&n international "isitor is any person "isiting the country on a foreign passport
and the main purpose of "isit is other than e*ercise of an acti"ity remunerated
from within the country or establishment of residence in the country. This
definition co"ers two segments of "isitors Jtourist and same day "isitorsJ.
F*2;6 T240
& foreign tourist is a person "isiting !ndia on a foreign passport, staying atleast hours in the country, the purpose of whose journey can be classified under
on of the following headings.
; :eisure
; %usiness, family, meeting.
1. I60*60268 *2620264
F=4 T24=
D=*402/ T24=9 !n"ol"es resident of a gi"en country tra"eling only
within this country.
I66 T24=: !n"ol"ing non# resident tra"eling in the gi"en
country.
O06 024=: !n"ol"ing resident tra"eling in another country.
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!nternal tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism.
National tourism which comprises demonstration outbound tourism.
!nternational tourism, which consist of inbound tourism and outbound
tourism.
&42/ T24= 6204
&ll types of tra"elers engaged in tourism are described as "isitors.
Therefore the term "isitor represents the basic concept for the whole system of
tourism statistics.
T*8*4
; isitors
; )ther tra"elers
&lso tourist are o"ernight "isitors while the rest are same day "isitors.
I60*60268 24204
+or statistical purpose the term international "isitor describes any person
who tra"els to a country other than that in which he or she has usual residence
but outside his 8 her usual en"ironment for a period not e*ceeding 4< months
and whose main purpose of "isit is other than e*ercise of any acti"ity
remunerated from within the country "isited.
!. H240< T24= I640. . .4 .4
/ermany ?=?< ?.B 4=.< .= .4
+rance B= .? .=4 .4
@apan 5==A A?. =.? . .4Canada ?5>>4 A5.> 4.? .4 .=
C:- ?5=B 4.= 4B.= .4 4.4
-ingapore >>4?B 5
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satisfaction of users the focal point around which all the functional areas of
mareting cluster. (hile clarifying the perception of tourism mareting, it is
essential that we assign due weightage to the three important considerations, the
first generations of fits by the tourist organization second world class ser"ices to
the tourists rich help !n satisfying them and the third positi"e contributions of
tourist organizations to the process of social transformation and ecological
balance.
(e consider mareting a human acti"ity that direct the flow goods and
ser"ices from producer to consumer or users. Golter finds mareting a social
and managerial process by which indi"iduals and groups obtain what my need
and want through creating and e*changing products and "alue with others !n
"iew of the abo"e, the following points emerge regarding tourism mareting9
Tourism mareting is process of creating a product or pro"iding a ser"ice.
Tourism mareting comprises fact finding, data gathering, analyzing 0mareting
research3, communication to inform and promote 0Promotion3, ensuring andfacilitating sales, selection of mareting planning 0distribution3, Coordination,
Control and e"aluation 0mareting planning and auditing3, de"eloping
Professionally sound personnel0people3.
; Tourism mareting is an integral effort to satisfy tourists and more so, it
is a 1e"ice to transform the potential tourists into the actual tourist.
; Tourism mareting is the safest way to generate demand, e*pand maretand !ncrease the $aret share.
; Tourism mareting is a managerial process to promote business acti"ity
directed at satisfying the needs id wants through e*change processes. The
&merican $areting &ssociation defines mareting as the performance
of business
.1 U4*4 T24= S*2/*4
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nown as habitual users.
.! M9*0 S*;=*60026 T24=
The beha"ioral scientist feels that appeal, strategy and tact "ary from
segment to segment in a natural way necessities a change in strategic decisions.
The modern mareting theory prefers the formulation of mareting policies and
strategies for the each maret segment which an organization plan to solicit. !t is
natural that different segments react in a different way. -egmentation maes
possible tailoring of products and mareting programmes uniquely suitable for
each sub#segment. & maret is not only an aggregate demand for a product but
the sum of demands of different maret segments. +or getting a positi"e
response in the maret, it is pertinent that the mareterJs of the tourist
professionals are well aware of the different maret segments. !t is against this
bacground that we need to study maret segmentation for tourist ser"ices.
&t the outset, it is essential that the tourist organizations select a suitable
base for segmenting the maret. The selection of base has a for reaching impacton studying the target maret. Though there are a number of bases for
segmentation, we find lifestyle an important base since the tra"eling decisions
are fantastically influenced by the changing lifestyles. The emerging trends in
the le"el of income, the a"ailability of leisure hour of course influence the
process but the main thing is the lifestyle. This is supported by the logic that if
we earn more, we spend more.(e prefer to utilize our leisure time for gaining pleasure or for enriching
the nowledge ban. This necessitates an in#depth study of lie style for maing
segmentation proacti"e. The li"ing styles of &mericans and !ndian canJt be
identical, the decision maing of both of them are to be different. The &merican
prefer to tra"el and therefore they assign due weightage to the tra"eling
decisions while scheduling or ordering their engagements. The !ndians a"oid
tra"eling albeit we find them earning more or sufficient leisure time or holidays
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in their hands. This maes it clear that for segmenting maret, we find this
"ariable constituting a place of outstanding significance.
The aforesaid facts mae it clear that for getting a positi"e response, the
segmentation of tourism maret needs an intensi"e care. The tailoring of
products with the e*pectations of tourist or a fair synchronization of
touristJs e*pectations and potentials of the tourist organization would hardly be
possible unless we segment the maret in a right fashion. The opinion leaders
prompt the whole drama of mareting where the word#of#mouth promoters play
an incremental role. The process of segmentation simplifies the tas of
mareters. Tour operations, the transport operators the tra"el agents, the tourist
guides, e hotels find it easier to mae the mareting decisions. They e"en with
the minor intelligence and diligence are found successful in identifying the
maret the potential tourists. !t is right to mention that the needs and
requirements well as the le"els of e*pectations canJt be uniform.
The segmentation benefits tourist organization in different ways. &n
optimal mareting plan, a balanced de"elopment of mareting resources,true gauging of the le"el of e*pectations, formulation of creati"e strategies
for getting a positi"e response mae it clear the tourist organizations
assign due weightage to segmentation. They are supposed to select a
suitable base for segmentation out of numerous bases lie day base, purpose
base, demand base, geographical base, Psychological base, demography base,
socioeconomic base, se* base, age base or so.These bases help professionals in studying and understanding the
changing beha"ioral profile of users. The maret segmentation bases mae it
clear that geographic, demographic, psychographic and socio#economic aspects
canJt be underestimated to ha"e clear picture of the tourism users.
1. H82< 4 &4* # $ass $aret, Popular $aret
!. D*=6 4 4* # Primary, -econdary opportunity
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3. G*;+)< 4 4* # Cities, Pro"inces, egions, Countries
. P4
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inno"ate their strategic decisions accordingly. The de"elopment of mareting
resources in tune with the changing le"els of e*pectations mae the ways for the
stimulation of demand and simplify the tas or mareters. !t is in this conte*t
that we need to segment the maret for the different allied industries helping the
tourism industry in many ways.
.3 D*42;626; P/9;* T
!n the process of formulating a sound product strategy, there are a number
of factors to be gi"en due attention. The designing of a pacage tour occupies a
place of outstanding significance. +or the profitable mareting of tourism
ser"ices, it is pertinent that the different components of product are managed in
a right fashion. This gra"itates our attention on the offering of a pacage
holiday product which necessitates management of the following factors.
. D*4026026
The de"elopment of destination or tourist sites has a far#reaching impacton attracting the tourists. !t is essential that destination or the tourist sites are
easily accessible. This necessitates safe, fast and reliable transportation facilities
hither and thither the tourist sites. To be more specific for promoting world
tourism or attracting the foreign tourists, it is essential that the flying time is
made proportionate. The site should be clean, the beaches should be sandy, sun#
shine should be certain, the entertainment facilities at the site should be ofquality the site should be safe to wal about, the local people should be friendly,
the tour operator, the tra"el guides and others should ha"e competence of
speaing English and other regional languages. These facilities at the
destination would add attractions.
.5 M6;*=*60 A2+0
(hile managing the tourism product, the airports are required to be
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managed carefully. The airport should be local and con"enient. The
arrangement for car paring should be safe and adequate. !t should not be
congested but it should be spacious. !n addition, the shopping facilities should
be duty free. The airport should be clean and the "ehicles should be a"ailable so
that tourist doesnJt face any trouble. %esides, the security arrangement should be
tight to protect the passengers and their "aluables. The aesthetic management
occupies a place of significance in the "ery conte*t.
. A2826*4
The flights should maintain the time schedule otherwise a dislocation
may in"ite multifaceted problems, not only to the tourists but e"en to the airport
authorities. The ser"ices should be reliable, good and polite. The sophisticated
modern aircrafts of new generation should be included in the fleet to attract the
tourists. The safety record should also be up to mar to remo"e the fear
psychosis or psycho#fobia.
.7 R 6 R28 T64+0026
+or the tourists preferring to tra"el by buses of railways, it is significant
that the stations are well managed. The booing and reser"ation counters should
be managed scientifically. The enquiry should be controlled by efficient and
well beha"ed staff. The safety arrangement should be adequate to counter the
law and order signposts should be positioned at right places to help thetra"elling passengers.
. H0*84
+or managing the hotel ser"ices, it is essential that we are also careful to
the hotel accommodation facilities. !t is pertinent that hotels are easily
accessible to the tourist sites or beaches or shops. The hotel personnel
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trustworthy and competent enough to spea English and other regional
languages. They are supposed to be friendly. The management of facilities at
hotels need due care. Though the standard of ser"ices, amenities and facilities
depend upon the grade of hotels still it is essential that hotels offer the promised
ser"ices to the users. The gap between the ser"ices#promised and ser"ice#
offered should be # bridge o"er. The hotels should be well maintained, the decor
should be attracti"e possibly a fair mi* of eastern and western culture, the
atmosphere should be calm and quiet specially at the night time, public rooms
should be adequate in number, the swimming pool should be neat and clean
where inflow and outflow of water should be scientific to protect the danger of
water contamination or pollution. There should be bar with good range of
drins.
The bedrooms should be spacious in which balcony facilities should be
made a"ailable. The childcare ser"ices should also be made a"ailable.
Particularly at the beach resorts, the sea "iew should be possible with all rooms,
in#room telephonic ser"ices should be a"ailable, in, and room#T should bepro"ided. There should be adequate cupboard space. The hangers should be
attracti"e and artistic, toilets should be neat and clean and well equipped with
east and west pro"isions. The lighting and "entilation arrangements should
be adequate. The intensity of light at different points should be gi"en due
weightage. (hile managing hotels, the restaurants and cafeterias also
need due care. The restaurants and cafeterias should be well managed. Thefood and drins should ha"e taste#orientation. The "arieties of meals and drins
should be a"ailable. The seating arrangements should be comfortable, the meal
should be fle*ible and the hotel personnel should be polite and friendly.
. R*40 R*+*4*6002*4
egarding representati"es of resort, they should be#nowledgeable
friendly, accessible and competent.
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; 1i"ersity of culture i.e. a blend of "arious ci"ilization and their traditions.
; & wealth of archeological sites and historical monuments.
; & "ery wide "ariety of hotels is present in the country that can fulfill the
demand for
; The accommodation of tourists.
; There are international players in the maret such as 'oliday !nn and
)beroi. Thus, the needs of the international tourist7s tra"elers are seen to,
while they are on a "isit to !ndia.
; $anpower costs in the !ndian hotel industry is one of the lowest in the
world. This pro"ides better "alue for money to the tourists. .
; !ndia offers a readymade tourist destination with the resources it has.
Thus the magnet to pull customers already e*ists.
; &irline is the most preferred mode of transportation by the foreign
tourists as the con"enience pro"ided by the airlines is higher. Thus, the
sa"ing in time that this mode of transport offers is immense to the
international tourists.; !ndia has one of the largest road networs in the world. The countryJs
total road length was =,4?,#A?. Thus connecti"ity to the
tourist destination is quiet high.
'*96*44
; :ac of adequate infrastructure.; & *enophobic attitude among certain sections of people.
; No proper mareting of !ndiaJs tourism abroad. +oreigners still thin of
!ndia as a land of snae charmers.
; 'igh ta* structure in the industry maes the industry worse off than its
international equi"alent. !n !ndia the e*penditure ta*, lu*ury ta* and sales
ta* inflate the hotel bill by o"er =6. Effecti"e ta* in the -outh East
&sian countries wors out to only >#?6. -o this directly affects the
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spending of tourists.
; )nly ?, hotel rooms are a"ailable in !ndia today, which is less than
the %ango total hotel capacity. -o accommodation facilities are quiet
less.
; The ser"ices currently offered by the hotels in !ndia are only limited
"alue added ser"ices. !t is not comparable to the e*isting world standards.
This is the reason why international tourists prefers other &sian countries
than !ndia.
; !nefficiency of the domestic airlines# there are number of instances of
flight being cancelled or delayed. -econdly frequent stries by the pilots
and maintenance problems are a major cause of concern. This is one of
the reasons that mae a tourist disheartened.
; Tra"el agents are most affected by the ta*es that are part of the industry
so at last tourists are the sufferers.
O++06202*4
; &llowing entry of more multinational companies into the country gi"ing
us a global perspecti"e.
; /rowth of domestic tourism.
; 1emand between the national and the inbound tourists can be easily
managed due to difference in the period of holidays. +or international
tourists the pea season for arri"al is between -eptember to $arch whenthe climatic conditions are suitable where as the national tourist waits for
school holidays, generally the summer months.
; 1e"elop a well# studied master plan for tourism in the country, which
should mae it easier for in"estors as well as the authorities.
; -upport and encourage pri"ate sector to in"est in facilities.
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; +ight pollution and littering by law.
; &dopt strict measure for ci"il hygiene and cleanliness.
; Pro"ides essential basic facilities lie toilets and resting facilities
throughout tourism routes.
; 'a"e an effecti"e international mareting agency to promote
!ndia as a destination.
; !n"est on P measure abroad mobilizing the media to a greater e*tent.
; Project people, culture, lifestyle, food festi"als etc to offer the human
element appeal than the natural beauty of the land for long lasting result.
There are other naturally beautiful places in the world, but it is the people
that mae a place unique.
; The de"elopment of tourist resorts, such as hotels on mountains or hill
tops, should be low density and low rise to retain the cool temperature as
main attraction of these locations.
; The rele"ant authorities must ensure that security measures are enforced
at all time.
T)*04
; Economic conditions and political turmoil in the country is affecting
tourism.
; &ggressi"e strategies adopted by other countries lie &ustralia, -ingapore
and $alaysia in promoting tourism are also posing as a serious threat toour country.
; Changing trends in the west demand similar changes in !ndia, which here
are difficult to implement due to high project costs.
; Pollution is a major menace to the industry, which has to be tacled by
the go"ernment through legislation. /arbage, Plastic, sound pollution
near tourist centres and all such discrepancies need immediate action
from the go"ernment otherwise it will pose a major threat for tourism
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way the industry players perform. +or e*ample, the /o"ernment charges high
rates of ta*es on the lu*ury and the star category hotels and this has always been
a cause of disagreement between. The hotel association and has been getting
many incenti"es and many has been getting the go"ernment .There are many
areas where the growth of tourism has not been rapid or has been dramatic fall
because the political en"ironment has been conducti"e. E*amples are the North
East for the former and Gashmir for the later. The neglect of the /o"ernment in
1e"eloping the North East leads to a situation where there is practically no
tourism in the se"en.
-imilarly, the political turmoil in the state of Gashmir has seen the "irtual
decimation of the flourishing tourism industry. The H'ea"en on EarthH is &
"irtual hell for the industry. There has been a major change in the policies of the
/o"ernment as regard to the industry. The hotel industry has been getting
many incenti"es and many -tate /o"ernment are encouraging the growth of
major hotels in their states. &fter years of tight control o"er airportinfrastructure, /o"ernment has finally taen the decision to pri"atize the
airport. Cobwebs and e"en rats were the frequenters in the arri"al lounge at a
major international airport of !ndia . !t is the only way to impro"e their
condition.
Tourism has been a Neglected sector in !ndia .Though it was recognized
&s a priority sector in the -e"enth +i"e Kear Plan but hardly anything was doneto promote this industry. ecently, the %@P /o"ernment has e"en dropped it
from the National agenda. !t is true that !ndia has yet to reach the prosperity
le"el where leisure acti"ity can be included in the Priority -ector but, if sol"ing
the countryJs unemployment and foreign E*change problem are on the top of the
National agenda. The potential of this industry cannot be neglected.
The $inistry of Tourism, /o"ernment of !ndia is the nodal agency for
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The formation of national policies and programmes and for the coordination of
acti"ities of "arious central and state go"ernment agencies and the pri"ate sector
for the de"elopment of Tourism .'owe"er, all the en"ironmental regulation are
enforced by the $inistry of En"ironment and +orests. The national Tourism
policy en"isages a "ery big role for all the staeholders in the decision maing
process. They are in"ol"ed in the de"elopment of tourism and ha"e contributed
substantially is sustainable Tourism in the country.
The National Policy on Tourism lays emphasis on sustainable
de"elopment of tourism. !n addition, the /o"ernment has brought out a
comprehensi"e Eco Tourism Policy and /uidelines .&ll issues rele"ant to
sustainable tourism are co"ered in the policy and guidelines.
The Eco tourism policy and guidelines will ensure regulated growth of
eco tourism and nature#based tourism with its positi"e impact of en"ironment
protection and community de"elopment.
There are established procedure stipulated by the $inistry ofEn"ironment and +orest for project clearance and monitoring. There are
deterrent in these strategies to chec, control or penalize damaging
en"ironmental practices on the part of business and "isitors.
There are se"eral &cts and laws, which ensure sustainable tourism. These
are the (ild life Protection &ct 4AB
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e*perience to tourist.
=. -urface, air and water transport facility for tourists
I6/*602*4 I6*40=*60
4. =6interest subsidy to hotel project in 4 to = star categories onloans
sanctioned by appro"ed financial institutions pro"ided the projects are
outside the metre cities of 1elhi, $umbai, Golata and $adras.
. 'otels, tra"el agents, tour operators, and other organization connected
with tourist trade are now co"ered under :iberalized E*change ate
$anagement -ystem. &uthorized dealers are now allowed to releaseforeign e*change without the prior appro"al of 1epartment of Tourism.
?. +acility to open and operate E*change Earners +oreign Currency &ccount
e*tended to hotel M tourism related industry.
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connections.
P+4* I6/*602*4 26 0)* 26;
4. & capital subsidy of s.
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The state go"ernment has declared its policy of promoting tourism, and
more particularly of encouraging pri"ate in"estment in this sector. The main
points of this policy are9
a. (elcoming of pri"ate in"estment in creating tourist facilities as well as
related infrastructure.
b. Encouraging the transfer of technology in tourism related industry.
c. +le*ibility in policy on joint "entures, participation, and terms for %uild,
)perate and )wn or Transfer models.
The legal en"ironment is also a major determinant for the industry .The
laws that go"ern industry are not the same in all the parts of the country. :aws
lie the urban :and Ceiling &ct limit the amount of land any organization can
hold and this se"erally limits the growth of hotel rooms in many areas of the
country. $any of the :aws that are in effect are old and archaic ,and not geared
to meet The challenges of the
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used to hunt around for the cheapest accommodation now Can afford to go for
lu*ury hotels. This has lead to an increase in the number of hotels in the
country. 'owe"er, an increase in the spending does not only limit itself to
accommodation. The increase in the spending is also e"ident in the number of
people tra"eling by air. E"en The number domestic tourist tra"eling by air#has
dramatically gone up. To#day the world economy is transiting towards
ser"ices. The global e*port of ser"ices is rising faster than the e*port of goods.
!ndia is Dnfortunately still pursuing manufacturing with the enormous lead that
the west has in manufacturing, it is "irtually impossible for !ndia to catch up. To
day, with large number or less e*pensi"e, educated and silled worers, !ndia
comparati"e ad"antage lies in ser"ices, not in manufacturing. !ndia can grab the
opportunity and cur"e aniche for herself by directly leapfrogging to ser"ices.
Dnfortunately !ndia has not realized the potential of the ser"ice sector, as
yet. The tourism industryJs foreign earnings in !ndia are aroundL=.< billion,
tourism is the highest foreign e*change earner if we consider the fact that net
"alue addition in /ems, and @ewellery is less than =6 where as, in tourism it ismore than A6.
E/6=2/ E626=*60
The !ndian economy has grown rapidly o"er the past decade, with the real
/1P growth a"eraging some 56 annually, in part due to the continued
structural reform, including trade liberalization. -ocial indicators, such aspo"erty and infant mortality ha"e also impro"ed during the last ten years. !n
order to achie"e further significant reduction in po"erty. !ndia is currently
targeting higher real /1P growth of between B6 and A6 0compared with ?.>6
e*pected for
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+or any country /.1.P. has great impact on the economy. /.1.P. show
how the economy of that country is growing up. -o, it is "ery crucial factor for
any industry especially to tea industry.
Though the constitution proclaims !ndia to be a socialist country, it is in
truth a mi*ed economy with a strong and influential pri"ate sector. Public sector
undertaings controlled by the state are in"ol"ed in many industries though the
need for disin"estments is being increasingly felt. !ndia has a planned economy.
!t is largely an agrarian economy. ice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, coffee,
rubber, sugarcane and potatoes are the bul of the produce. :i"estoc include
cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats and poultry. Coastal communities and those
who li"e on ri"erbans are often dependent on fishing for li"elihood.
The major foreign e*change earner for !ndia is te*tile, followed by
!nformation Technology. (ith !ndian !T professionals maing it big in the
Dnited -tates and !ndian !T companies pro"ing to be among the best in the
crop, there is new international interest in !ndian professionals. Precious and
semi#precious stones, leather products, engineering goods and chemicals arealso e*ported.
$ajor trading partners include D-, DG, /ermany, 'ong Gong, @apan and
the D&E. $ajor industries include steel, chemicals, food processing, steel,
transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum and machinery. &round
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thousand and changed the whole culture of the state. This had a ripple effect on
the country. People became cautious Especially of the international tourists.
(hene"er a certain place became +amous, the e*ample of /oa was cited to
discourage the inflow of !nternational tourists.
<hough the abo"e my sound may discouraging , the scene is fast
Changing. Those places that ha"e .been able to strie a balance between their
own culture and the demands of the international tourist ha"e profited
handsomely. The e*ample that come to mind are Gerala and ajasthan, as
discussed ahead in the report. People are now adopting themsel"es to the fact
that tourism pays and it can be a major source of !ncome for them. E"en people
themsel"es ha"e started tra"eling. !n addition, tourism as a form of recreation
has really caught on. People are willing to tra"el to a place that is out of way
and e*otic. (hen pre"iously tra"eling on a holiday meant going to a hill
stations and beach, now people are willing to go in for ad"enture tourism as
well as "isit places that cannot be really be called hospitable. Now places lie
:eh and :aswadeep are mentioned in the same breath as /oa or Gashmir.
D*=;+)2/ /04:
H&n indi"idual is a core unit society H a group with similar needs create a
maret for particular product. !t means people or population is the most
important factor. The mareter must ha"e to eep watech on the population size
M growth rate education le"el regional characteristics and house hold patterns.
1. P+8026
&s !ndian population growth is around < 6
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&s !ndian le"el of income will increase the le"el of e*penditure would
also be increased. &nd le"el of income increase would result in the change of
life style of people and they will shift from unbranded to branded tea.
L20*/< R0*
!ndian literacy rate is around ?
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. E/026 G+
The population in any society falls into fi"e # education group.
4. !lliteracy.
. College degree.
?. Professional degree.
!n !ndia adult literacy rate is ?.46.5>6 of total male population and >
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!ndia has much di"ersity in groups. Each group has distinct taste
preference, benefits and "alues. This distincti"eness affects their choice of
product and %eha"iour as well as consumption beha"ior.
-o mareter has to understand their culture and social di"ersity and
respond by way of designing their product. -o social and culture e"aluation
helps the mareter to target and positioned its products, and ad"ertising in
"arious members for "arious masses.
; eligion
; :anguage
; +ood
; Culture M Crafts
; Education
The fabric of !ndian society is wo"en with myriad threads. The result is
multi#te*tured, many layered and though this di"ersity has fuelled some
dissension, it continues to be !ndiaJs strength. !ndia is predominantly 'indu and
it also has the worldJs largest population of $uslims. -ihs, %uddhists, @ains,Christians 0oman Catholic, Protestant and -yrian Christian3, @ews and
Ooroastrians people this great land. There is phenomenal ethnic di"ersity too.
(hile the people of the north are mainly !ndo#&ryan, in the south they are
mostly 1ra"idian. The tribal population in the northeast is of Tibeto#%urmese
e*tract, while the Jadi"asisJ of $adhya Pradesh and /ujarat are probably proto
&ustraloid. :anguage "aries almost e"ery ten miles and !ndiaJs billion#strongpopulation has a total of 4?=? recognized dialects.
)ne of the most mared things about !ndian society is the great di"ersity.
This applies to religion, ethnicity and language as much as to the economic
situation. The yawning gap between the rich and the poor is bridged by a large
middle class of small businessmen, professionals, bureaucrats etc.
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$ost !ndians acti"ely practice their religion, and despite the creeping
westernization, most of !ndia is socially orthodo*. That means that caste
distinctions ha"e not been forgotten, man#woman interaction may be frowned
upon, and the public display of affection is strictly no#no. The cow is sacred and
Jall ye who forget that#be doomedJ. The left hand, which is an indispensable tool
for !ndian ablutions, is considered impure and isnJt used in passing things
around.
)n the whole the !ndians are a warm welcoming people. The guest is ne*t
only to /od and croos and touts notwithstanding, and curious loos and
probing questions notwithstanding, youJll find that they are great hosts. Their
idiosyncrasies just mae it all the more interesting be patient and you will learn
to lo"e the complete pacage.
R*82;26
!ndia probably has the most religious di"ersity in any country. !tJs thebirthplace of 'induism, %uddhism, -ihism and @ainism. !tJs among the few
places to ha"e a resident Ooroastrian population. The -yrian Christian Church is
well established in Gerala the %asilica of %om @esus in /oa, old churches in
Calcutta and 1elhi, synagogues in Gerala, temples from the tiny to the
tremendous, JstupasJ, JgompasJ and the %odhi tree, the &jmer -harif and Galiya
-harif in %ombay, all reflect the amazing multiplicity of religious practice in!ndia. Tribal people in the northeast, $adhya Pradesh and /ujarat practice
forms of nature worship. -ecularism is enshrined in the Constitution.
L6;;*
The national language of !ndia is 'indi, which in one form or another is
spoen all o"er the north. !n the 1eccan 0south !ndia3, the languages are
completely different. The states were formed on the basis of language so each
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has its own. )n the whole though, dialects, accents, idioms and linguistic
flourishes change e"ery few miles. There are 4 official languages but o"er a
thousand recognized dialects. English is widely spoen.
F
+rom 1C to 1aota, (arwic to what#ha"e#you, !ndian spices are letting
off steam e"erywhere in the whole wide world. &nd you come to !ndia and
realize......hey, thereJs nothing authentic about itU E"ery itchen, e"ery man,
woman, coo, chef does it different.
& meal in the north would typically constitute chapattis or rice with dal
0lentil curry3 and a dish of "egetables or meat. Pappads 0wafers fried or toasted
to a crisp3, yoghurt and picle are usual accompaniments. The chapatti
is a round flat unlea"ened bread of which you tear bits to scoop the curry.
ariations of the chapatti are paratha, poorie, bhatoora, and Tandoori naans.
!dli, dosa, "ada, sambar, uppamaU !n the south, too, a meal centers on a base ofrice, or as in the -outh #!ndian case, semolina preparation. The idli is a steamed
rice cae and the crisp salty pancae often stuffed with potatoes is the dosa.
Eaten alongside is the -outh#!ndian dal #HsambharH, sour, hot, souped #up with
"egetables. The %rahmins are "egetarian, but the rest consume sour#hot fish,
mutton, and chicen with gusto. !n Gerala seafood is simmered in coconut mil
and delicately +la"oured with curry lea"es. $ost !ndians eat three meals, eachone full#fledged.
-a"oury snacs lie paoras pep the e"ening cuppa. &nything coated in
batter 0of chicpea, flour et al3 and deep#fried will pass for paora. &lso, readily
a"ailable on the roadside are snacs lie bhel puri 0spiced up puffed rice3 and
paapri chaat 0wafers and boiled potato doused in curd and sauces3. egetarians
will feel lie theyJ"e come home, especially in the south. %ut no matter where
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you are, in a plush restaurant or a roadside JdhabaJ, in Gunnur or Gullu, you can
be sure of sumptuous "egetarian meals.
&ll along the coast and e*tensi"ely in the northeast fish is consumed
almost as a staple. %oth fresh water and sea fish are popular. !ndians lo"e their
sweets. There is great regional "ariety and among the most popular types is the
%engali HmishtiH. ThereJs also a huge "ariety in drins. %esides JchaiJ 0tea3 and
coffee, sweetened8salty churned yoghurt called lassi, the ubiquitous Jneemboo#
paniJ or lemon#water, fruit juice in tetra pacs and aerated drins are readily
a"ailable in !ndia. !$+: e*pands into !ndian made +oreign :iquor and spans
the entire range from beer to whisey. -ome e*amples of local brews are
JchaangJ in &runachal, toddy in the -outh and /oaJs famous JfeniJ.
C80* C04
M42/.
$uch of !ndiaJs classical music is de"otional and a lot of that, de"oted to
the flute playing god, Grishna. The North !ndian 'industani and -outh !ndianCarnatic streams are distinct and both ha"e a comple* JragaJ framewor.
/hazals in Drdu reflect on life and are light on the ear. E"ery region has a
distincti"e fol tradition too. !nstruments that would typically accompany
!ndian music are the stringed "eena, sitar, and the !ndian drum9 tabla or
mridangam in the south.
D6/*:
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The legacy of dance in !ndia is tremendous. )n temple walls, on an urban
stage, in impromptu bursts by a mellow e"ening fire, men and women twinle
their toes in e*pression of joy. The classical dances of !ndia are numerous.
Characterized by stylized mo"ements and elaborate costumes, these dances
communicate age#old tales of lo"e, longing and rage. Gathaali of Gerala,
%haratnatyam of Tamil Nadu, Guchipudi of &ndhra Pradesh, $anipuri and
)dissi from )rissa are the prominent dance forms in this country that sways to
an altogether no"el beat. The robust bhangra of Punjabi men, the graceful
whirling of ajasthani women, the gentle sway of northeastern dancers,
"igorous tribal dances, e"ery comer has de"eloped its own unique form.
T)*0*:
There is a robust theatrical tradition. The Kashagana, nautani and
puppetry are ancient fol forms that li"e on till date. This tribe of wandering
performers is on the decline but there still are occasional performances on the
rudimentary stages of the rural areas. ustic and coarse the fla"our might be,but the techniques are surprisingly sophisticated. There is a growing body of
contemporary wor both in English and in the "ernacular.
A0:
The earliest specimens of !ndian painting are the ones on the walls of the
&janta Ca"es dating bac to
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arma, the paintings of $.+. 'ussain, @amini oy and /anesh Pyne among
others rule the art scene.
C04:
(ord craft, handicrafts, architecture and sculpture all contribute to this
rich and "aried domain. !ndian literature, both in English and in the "ernacular,
is e"er more popular around the world. 'andicrafts are as "aried as the country
itself. The $ughal and colonial structures and the temple architecture across the
length and breadth of the country are testaments to the lands e*citing past.
-culptures adorn temple walls, stupas, street junctions and ancient ca"es. The
oldest schools are the /andhara and the $athura.
M2*4:
The 'indi mo"ie industry is the most prolific in the world. %ased in
%ombay, hence Hollywood, this spool#spitting machine taes on the onerous
responsibility of fuelling !ndiaJs prime passion. There is sheer joy in the easystereotypes of muscle#fle*ing machismo, leering "illainy and leading ladies of
'indi filmdom, but not all 'indi films are a simmering brew of action,
romance, and song and dance. There is a parallel stream of HartH cinema though
itJs not nearly half as popular as the HcommercialH stream.
/i"ing competition to the 'ollywood masala film is the equally spicy
south !ndian fare. egional cinema is fairly popular in its local conte*t and withserious cinemagoers.
C2/9*0
)h for the lo"e of a si*#erU !ndia grinds to a halt when the countryJs
ele"en don their colours. !n cricet#crazy Calcutta, old fol gather to trash the
Jnew fangledJ limited#o"ers format in front of a million T sets, four million
pray for "ictory 0often nowing theyJre praying for a miracleU3 tirelessly. !tJs a
mad#mad#mad world and in !ndia cricet stars adorn the doors of innumerable
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cupboards. 'ocey, football and now the &TP tour too ha"e a decent following.
E/026
?A.?6 of !ndia is literate9 B..=6 females. Gerala is the
model state as far as education le"els are concerned boasting figures of almost
AA6 literacy. 'igher education in !ndia has a formidable reputation. (hether in
engineering or medicine, business management or social science education,
!ndia uni"ersities are at par with the best in the world.
D. T*/)68;2/8
Technology although does not seem to be a major influence at the first
glance, stillJ it plays a major part in the promotion of a place. %etter
communication facilities are one of the first prerequisites for growth in the
inflow of tourists. This has been made possible with technology. %etter
technologies in the field of communication with cheaper costs ha"e seen many
remote and inaccessible areas of the country get connected to the rest of theworld. This connecti"ity has made these places "isible to the world. %etter
communication means access to media. &nd that is "ery important if any place
wants to be on the world tourist map. -imilarly better transportation facilities
ha"e lead to a dramatic increase in the number of tourists "isiting any particular
place. The presence of an airport and the a"ailability of frequent flights are a
great con"enience to any tra"eler.
FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS
Professor $ichel porter of 'ar"ard %usiness -chool has con"incingly
demonstrated the state of competition in an !ndustry !s a composite of fi"e
competiti"e forces which are as under.
43 The ri"alry among competing sellers.
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=3 Competiti"e pressures from substitute products.
>3 -upplier# seller collaboration and bargaining.
?3 -eller#buyer collaboration and bargaining.
(e ha"e analysis here the fi"e force competition in conte*t with Tourism
industry analysis of the fi"e force of competition, are as under relating to
Tourism !ndustry.
T)* R28< =6; C=+*026; S*88*4.
The strongest of the fi"e competiti"e forces is usually the joceying for
position and buyer fa"our that goes on among ri"al sellers of Tourism !ndustry.
!n the tourism industry cross country ri"alry is centered on price Competition M
promotional scheme. i"alry among competitors is "ery high in case of tourism
industry 1ue to the following reason.
R*464 F H2;) R28
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at present and hold the status of the worldJs on 4 !ndustries There is currently
can estimated > million !nternational tra"elers world wide. The figure is
e*pected to rise to 55 million by the end of the year
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!f the company wants to launch at National le"el them its requires the
huge !n"estment so it is not easy for new companies to come in sector. -o the
entry is not so easy for new companies. 'igh &mount at capital is required to
produce qualitati"e product. The cost of other !nfrastructure facilities is also to
be considered by new entrants so, capital requirement is also one of the entry
barriers.
!. E/6=2/4 S/8*:
Economies of sale are the main barriers to entry in tourism !ndustry bases
they force potential competitors either to enter on large scale or to accept cost
ad"antage. !f new entrant enters with large scale it may not capture the maret
in proportion of supply. !f new entrant accept cost disad"antage it may not
sur"i"e in tough competition.
3. C40 6 R*4/* 2460;*4:
E*isting firms may ha"e cost and resources ad"antages not a"ailable to
potential entrants. These ad"antages can include partnerships with the best andcheapest suppliers of ser"ices.
. L*626; 6 E?+*2*6/* C* E*/04:
(hen lower unit costs are partly or mostly a results of e*perience in
producing the product and other learning cur"e benefits new entrants face a
potentially significant cost disad"antage competing against e*isting firms with
more accumulated now how.
5. R*;80< P82/2*4:
/o"ernment agencies are limit or e"er bar entry by requiring licenses and
permits stringent go"ernment mandate safety regulations and en"ironmental
pollution standards are entry barrier because they raise entry costs.
C=+*0202* P*44*4 F= S40200* P/04.
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Tourism !ndustry gi"en entertainment to the tourist and also pro"ide
some. Gnowledge of that place as per that we can says, media, 'ollywood, and
all type of entertainment industry are the substitute of the tourism industry. %ut
we canJt say that they are close substitute of industry. %ecause they are different
thing than tourism.
Thus, tourism industries has no problem for the close substitute because
they are not other product or ser"ice which is use as substitute of tourism so the
tourism industry is being fearless from the substitute.
S++82* S*88* C88026 6 &;2626;:
(hether supplier seller relationship represents a strong or wea
competiti"e force depends on whether supplier can e*ercise sufficient
bargaining power to influence the terms and condition of supply and the e*tent
of supplier. -eller collaboration in the tourism industry.
-upplier are liewise relegated to a wea bargaining position whene"er
there are good substitutes for the item they pro"ide and buyers find it neither
costly nor difficult to switch their purchases to the suppliers of alternati"e items.
-uppliers also tend to ha"e less le"erage to bargaining o"er price and other
terms of sale when the company they are supplying is a major customer.
S*88* - &
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R*464:
1. L;* 6=*
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&s many as AB6 of the foreign "isitors tra"el by air maing ci"il a"iation a
prime influence on the course of tourism growth. This maes both these sectors
far too interdependent.
The liberalization of ci"il a"iation policies in !ndia mared by licensing
of pri"ate airlines to operate on routes ser"ed for > years by the state owned
carriers was prompted by the demands of tourism. &ccording to the (orld
Tourism )rganization of which !ndia is the member, tra"el and tourism account
for 4
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tra"eler can journey to any part of the country by !&Js fleet or aircraft. No less
than
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star to fi"e star delu*e depending upon size and amenities. &bout =6 of the
rooms fall under the ?# star or ?# star delu*e categories.
The hotel should pro"ide facilities lie reception, cash and information
counter attended by well qualified, trained and e*perienced personal,
conferences in the form of one or more conference rooms8banquet halls and
pri"ate dinning rooms. There should be a recognized tra"el counter, money
changing and safe deposit facilities, luggage room and medicines on the
premises. The hotel should offer both !nternational and !ndian Cuisine and the
food and be"erage ser"ice should be highest standers. The hotel staff should be
well qualified and should be able to understand and spea English. There should
be pro"ision of laundry and dry cleaning.
(ith a "iew to maintaining standards and enforcing control, the
1epartment of Tourism $inistry of Tourism and Ci"il &"iation,
/o"ernment of !ndia has de"eloped a system of categorizing the a"ailable
accommodation as per certain criteria. &ccordingly, the hotels are either
appro"ed or unappro"ed.
The appro"ed hotels are found of international standard and normally the
foreign tourists prefer to stay in that category of hotels. This is due to the fact
that the appro"ed hotels ha"e the stamp of official recognition. &ppro"al in
itself simplifies the tas of promotion. The hotels professionals bear the
responsibility of identifying the emerging segments.)f late we a new trend e"en in !ndia condition because women ha"e been
found staying in hotels or eating in hotel restaurants. There are women
e*ecuti"es and women going on holidays in all age group albeit without
accommodating men. & number of married women ha"e been found taing an
e*tra holiday on their own. $iddle# aged, di"orce or single women ha"e also
been found staying in hotels. !t is against this bacground that we find women
segment emerging as an important segment for the hotel business.
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It is natural that we in! a !ieren"e in the in!ustr# in the intensit# $
%$th the "ate&$ri'es $ t$urists(
1J D=*402/ T2404: !n the group of domestic tourists, the different
categorizes are pilgrims "isiting the sacred places, students on
educational tours, officials on deputations, political representati"es, film
stars on location shooting. Gnowledge seeers on de"eloping their
credentials, sportsmen playing national games. The domestic Jtourists stay
in hotels with a different moti"e. (e find a change in the le"el of
domestic users. /enerally the domestic customers pay less attention on
"alue and more on price. & majority of the domestic tourists are found
price sensiti"e and therefore the hoteliers are supposed to mae pricing
decisions moti"ational.
!J F*2;6 02404: !n the group of foreign tourists, we find political
representati"es on peace mission, trade representati"es on business
promotion, educationists, sportsmen, culture representati"es, film stars,pilgrims, etc. These categorizes of foreign tourists "isit hotel with di"erse
aims and objecti"es. They normally prefer to stay in the classified hotels
where the ser"ices are found standardized. (e also find cases where
foreigners stay e"en in the unclassified hotels. To be more specific the
e*isting world wide economic depression has made e"en the foreign
tourists sensiti"e to price and this maes it significant that policy maersand the senior e*ecuti"es assign due weightage to this new de"elopment.
13.3 R28@
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R28 T24=
To de"elop rail tourism the !ndian ailways ha"e come up with "arious
methods and inno"ati"e ways to promote tra"el by rail. They are9
:aunching of eight new e*clusi"e lu*ury tourist trains on the Palace
on heels pattern to operate on popular tourist circuits.
'otel infrastructure at 4 railway stations in places of tourist interest.
1isco"er !ndia !ndrail passes for use from half#a#day to A days.
Networ of /-&s around the world.
-uperfast inter#city ajdhanis and day return -hatabdi trains.
ail holiday pacage tours.
S+* L?< T240 T264.
The !ndian railway has identified the launching of eight super lu*ury
trains designed lie ?# star hotels on wheels. )perating on a B#night itinerary
tra"eling between
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The !nternational Tourism %ureau deals with foreign tourists intending to
Tra"el by rail in !ndia. !t pro"ides assistance to foreign tourists and N!s
elated to booings, reser"ations, itinerary planning and other inquiries through
its tourism guides and staff con"ersant with foreign languages.3 !ndrail passes
are issued to foreign tourists enabling them to tra"el as they lie from any
station to the destination of their choice to any point by rail within the period of
"alidity of the passes.
The !T% arranges accommodation in retiring rooms and ail Katra
Nowise as also bedrolls in trains on demand.
!nformation can also be obtained from &gra, &hmedabad, &urangabad,
%angalore, $umbai, Golata, /orahpur, @aipur, @odhpur, @aisalmer, Chennai,
Puttaparthi, ameshwaram, -ecundrabad, Tri"andrum, adodara, asco#da#
/ama, ijaywada and aranasi.
1- )0*8 P*/0
!ndian railways ha"e formulated a mega project to set up 4 railway
hotel3 at stations of tourist importance to pro"ide the infrastructure inputsneeded. +or implementing the tourism action plan of the
go"ernment to attract ? million tourist by
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13. R
&irports being a wea lins in !ndian tourism, tourists are forced to use
oads. $ore than6 of the tourists has to use road networ but the deplorable
road conditions in !ndia do not mae the tra"eling easier. The major factor that
hampers the de"elopment of road sector is the go"ernment control o"er all the
road properties. !nternationally, all the major cities within the country are
connected with si* lane highways. %ut in !ndia, e"en the four metros are not
well connected. Thus, the basic infrastructure to support the tourism industry is
missing.
& de"eloped country possesses e*cellent roads since this opens for them
new "istas of de"elopment. Contrary to it in a bacward country, the road
Present a "ery gloomy picture. The roads strengthen our infrastructural %ase
and so become instrumental in acti"ating the process of de"elopment. &s
compared to other forms of transport, the road transport is found cheaper of
course in the !ndian perspecti"e, the !ndian ailways ha"e been offering
economic ser"ices to the users which are found cheaper than the road transport.The operational cost of railways, steam#ship or airplanes. ailways or steamship
or airplane can be used by anyone e"en without maing a direct payment. This
clarifies the significance of road transport in todayJs perspecti"e.
-electi"e up gradation of road maing equipments and construction
Practices can achie"e high standards of road quality demanded by the modern
generation of road "ehicles .!t is found that large programmes of roadconstruction ha"e an ad"erse effect on the en"ironment or ecosystem.
Pre"ention of ribbon de"elopment, pro"ision of wide#side amenities,
landscaping and drainage and the landslide areas need an intensi"e care.
$aintenance through normal repairs, periodic renewals and rehabilitations
di"ert a close attention. The thrust towards the modernization of the road sector
requires adequate bacup in the form computerizing, introduction of
$anagement !nformation -ystem and planning and monitoring agencies. The
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)rganization#!mmersed, these instruments are to be installed on :ong distance
e*press and mail trains of !ndian ailways. This follows the success of satellite
telephones were e*perimentally fitted to two ajdhani E*press trains in
4AA?.This has become so popular that it has been decided to equip all the ele"en
ajdhani trains with satellite phones as well as any new train that enters the
ser"ice. 'ospitality ser"ices are not the only beneficiaries of these aids but also
at times the cause of their creation. -ince there has been telecom re"olution
today tourismJs growth is greatly conditioned by the web and the net.
13. T*8 ;*604 6 0 +*04 T*8 A;*60
& tra"el industry is found to be uncoordinated people trying to achie"e a
coordinated result. & tra"el agent is one who acts on behalf of a principal, i.e.
the original pro"ider of the tourism ser"ices, such as 'otel Company, airline,
tour operator a shipping company. & tra"el agency is also called a
manufacturing of tourist product, i.e. an inclusi"e of pacaged tour.
T +*0
& tour operator is one who buys the indi"idual elements in the tra"el
product on his own account and combines them in such a way that he is selling
the pacage of tra"el, the tour to his clients. & tour operator bears the
responsibility of deli"ering the ser"ices.3'e creates his own pacages by buyingor reser"ing necessary supply elements and often retails through tra"el agents,
their own offices or by direct mail "ia booing form in brochure or by direct
enquiries from consumers.
Tra"el agents and tour operators form the bacbone of the industry. They
play an important role in promoting the country as a tourist destination. &n
e*ample, City Cross Tra"els Pri"ate :imited, $umbai is promoting tourism in
@ammu and Gashmir despite the "iolence that place some times ago. -imilarly
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other tra"el agencies are also trying to project a peaceful picture of !ndia
abroad. The tra"el agencies pro"ide pacage that lure the foreign tourists
towards our country. These pacaged tours e*tract the best out of places and
gi"es a foreign tourist a feel of the rich cultural di"ersity of our country.
This business is competiti"e. The success depends on the prices, which
ha"e to be the lowest since holidays ha"e become a standardized product. This
is particularly true in case of a large number of holiday maers seeing the three
-Js# sun, sea and sand. & particular destination for e.g. !n the case of beach
holiday is not so important for the customer to as its Price if it gi"es hi "alue for
his money. !f he finds that it is o"erpriced he -ubstitutes for another destination,
which offers the same product for lower price.
&s regards to this it, also coupled with increasing competition from
domestic competitors, it becomes "ery essential for the tra"el operator to maret
itself.
F** +2/*:
(ith profit margins coming down pacage tour companies ha"e to ladle
out unbelie"able offers to attract tourists that these freebies are laden with
hidden costs is different thing.
$aret leader -)TC "irtually triggered off a war of freebies when itad"ertised its offer of free air ticets on its tours to Europe and D.-. )ther tra"el
biggies lie Thomas Coo and Co* M Gings immediately whipped up almost
identical offers. -harply increasing competition has ensured lower margins
which are down from
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S*2/* - 0)* 9*< 0 440*66/*
!t appears to be the unanimous feed bac from most tra"el agents that
nothing will beat the ser"ice factor, aptly aided by technology of course. !t will
definitely read the motto of toe )lympics in tra"el to...faster, higher.... %etterU
Now, more than e"er ser"ice will be the ey component. %attle will need to be
fought or lost at the front des. No more does the consumer ha"e time for
queues to get a patient hearing. 'e will need a smile and a laugh and much
more, a "eritable dream he can go home with. 1estination tra"el, as the a"erage
!ndian is waing up to is all about the e*perience. (e sell him a dream and we
will need to fulfill e"ery aspect of his dream to disco"er the repeat customer.
The e*perience at the front des is where the battles between big and small will
be fought, and won or lost, and therein lies our new horizon a new frontier # our
great opportunity.
1. T24= F266/* C+026 I62
1.1 I6/+026 6 C==*6/*=*60 426*44
T+C! was incorporated on
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1.3 &426*44 0)* C=+6 5
T240 F8@ 0 I6228 D*40260264 26 G0.
S.
N.
D*4026026 T240 F8@
4. &hmedabad ,4?. api 4,B5,A5
5. alsad 4,?=,>
B. %haruch M &nleshwar ?,>4,
A. Dbhrat ,
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4?. @amnagar ?,?5?
4A. @unagadh 4,5A,>,4?
. $and"i#Gutch >=,A