8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

1/19

The Fungi Kingdom

Mycology -the study of fungi

fungi - singular

fungus - plural

1) fungi areeukaryotic

they have a nuclei & mitochondria

2) they areheterotrophsthey depend on other organisms for food

3) they aremulticellular

4) they cannot move on their own

4 Main Characteristicsof Fungi

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

2/19

The Fungi Kingdom

1) fungi lack chlorophyll2) fungi are not photosynthetic

cannot produce their own food

3) they never reproduce by seeds

4) most fungi have cell walls madeof chitin Except molds

4 Reasons Fungi Are Different From Plants

cellulosePlant cell walls are made of what?

moldshave cell walls made of celluloselike lants

most are saprophytessome are parasites

Saprophyte-feeds on

dead/decayingorganisms

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

3/19

The Fungi Kingdom

Partsoffungi:

Hyphae - network ofthinthread-like structuresthat form the body ofa fungus

hyphaegrow and branchuntilthey coveranddigestthe foodsource (upon whichthe fungi

isgrowing)

hyphae contain cytoplasm

hypha - singularhyphae - plural

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

4/19

The Fungi Kingdom

Partsoffungi:

Mycelium - a massofhyphae

mycelia - plural

The mycelium is usuallyhiddeninthesoil,inwood,oranotherfoodsource

A mycelium mayfillasingleant,or covermanyacres

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

5/19

The Fungi

Kingdom

singlehypha Massofhyphae(mycelium)

Germ tube(Growing Spore)

(initialhypha)

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

6/19

The Fungi Kingdom

W

hat are we looking at when we see afungus-among-us?

The livi the sis

eli m

Thep rt the

sthat weseeisl the r it the

r anism

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

7/19

The Fungi Kingdom

Sporangium fungireproduces bysporesinthesporangia

Sporangia- structuresfoundonthetipsofhyphaethat makespores

EX: BreadMold

Bread moldproducessporesinsporangiathatstickupabovethe bread

4 Main Typesof Fungi:

1.Sporangium Fungi/Mold

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

8/19

The Fungi Kingdom

Rhizoids- hyphaeofbread moldthatdigestbreadforingestion

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

9/19

The Fungi Kingdom

2. Club fungi - havea club-shapedpartwhichproducesthespores

3. Sac Fungi -producesporesinsac-likestructures

EX: yeasts, cupfungi,powdery mildews, & lichens

Lichens -

4 Typesof Fungi

afungusandanorganism withchlorophyllthatlivetogether

Example: Mushrooms

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

10/19

The Fungi Kingdom

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

11/19

The Fungi Kingdom4 Typesof Fungi

4) Imperfect sporangium/mold,sac,and clubfungithat canonly reproduceasexually

cause mostfungaldiseasesinhumans

EX: ringworm,athletesfoot,thrush

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

12/19

The Fungi Kingdom

thestructureofthefungithatyou cansee,isthepartthat carriesoutreproduction

mostfungireproduce byusingspores

Reproductionisclassified accordingto:

fungisporesare microscopicEX: Mushrooms & puffballsreleaselarge cloudsofspores. Each cloud contains millionsofspores

Fungi Reproduction:

1) the waytheyform thespores

2) theshapeofthestructurein whichspores

are made

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

13/19

The Fungi KingdomFungi Reproductionof 4 typesoffungi:

1) Mold reproduceasexually & sexually

2) Sac fungi reproduceasexually & sexually

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

14/19

The Fungi KingdomFungi Reproductionof 4 typesoffungicontd:

3) Club fungi reproduce asexually & sexually

4) Imperfect canonly reproduceasexually

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

15/19

How Do Fungi Get Around Not Being TallEnough?

Fungi have a major problem:

Many fungi do not grow tall enough to clear the

"boundary layer" of still air next to the ground so

they

1) Shoot their spores

2) Use animals, water or wind for dispersal

Once spores are caught by something they can

be carried long distances

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

16/19

The Fungi Kingdom

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

17/19

The Fungi Kingdom

Windand water can carrypiecesofhyphaetonew places.

Ifenough moistureandfoodispresent,the

spores/hyphae cangrow intonew fungi

Fungi canalsoreproducefrom piecesofhyphae.

Fungi Reproduction Contd:

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

18/19

The Fungi Kingdom

1. Definetheterm mycology.

2. Listthe 4 maintypesoffungiand giveanexampleofeach.

3. Listthe 4 main characteristicsoffungi.

4. Explain 2 reasons whyfungiaredifferentfrom plants.

5. Definehyphae. Explain whatitdoesand whereitislocated.

6. Define mycelium. Explain whatitdoesand whereitslocated.

7. Whichofthe 4 typesoffungiis bread mold?

8/8/2019 12 Fungi Kingdom

19/19

The Fungi Kingdom

8. Definelichen. List 2 placesthatyou canfindthem.

9. Whichpartofthefungi carriesoutreproduction?

10. Listthetwo waysfungireproductionis classified?

11. Whichtypeoffungi causes mostfungaldiseasesinhumans?

12. List 3 typesofhumandiseases caused byfungus.

13. Whatisthenumberoneproblem fungihave whentheyarereproducing?

14. Listtwo waysafungi canreleasespores