12_PHY_TM_GUIDE_MP_26.07.10(A4)

Fonts used (STMZH-029, STMZH-045, STMZH-062,STMZH-053,SHREE TAM-0802, BAMINI, ALGERIAN )

12 -

2011

Physics PALANICHAMY

Physics M.PALANICHAMY,M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil.,P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS

GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOLETTARAI, THIRUCHIRAPALLI DIST.

e-mail:[email protected]: 94421-36775

F O R P R I VAT E C I R C U L AT I O N O N LY

12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (01) _ _

Unit 1 Mark 3 Mark 5 Mark 10 Mark Total1 4 2 1 1 252 1 3 2 --- 203 2 1 1 1 204 4 2 1 1 255 4 2 1 1 256 4 2 1 1 257 2 1 2 --- 158 4 2 1 1 259 3 4 1 1 3010 2 1 1 1 20

PRACTICAL MARK \©ß£õk + ÂÍUP® 4

ö\´•øÓ + _ØÖ¨£h® (3+3) 6AmhÁøn + AÍÃkPÒ 10

PnURkPÒ 8•iÄ + A»S 2

TkuÀ 30

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12 -PHY-TM (02) _

1. {ø» ªßÛ¯ÀK›Ú ªßÞmh[PÒ JßøÓö¯õßÖ Âµmk®. ÷ÁÔÚ ªßÞmh[PÒ JßøÓö¯õßÖ PÁ¸® & ÷\õuøÚ:

£mk CøÇ¯õÀ öuõ[PÂh¨£m kÒÍ ªßÞmh¨£mh Psnõiz usk JßÖ QøhzuÍzvÀ Aø»ÄÖQÓx.

uØ÷£õx Auß •øÚUP¸QÀ ©ØöÓõ¸ ªßÞmh® ö£ØÓ Psnõiz usk öPõsk Áµ¨£mhõÀ, Ç •øÚPÐ® JßøÓö¯õßÖ ÂµmkÁøuU Põn»õ®.

ªßÞmh¨£mh G÷£õøÚm ushõÚx, öuõ[PÂh¨£mh Psnõiz usiß •øÚUP¸QÀ öPõsk Áµ¨£mhõÀ, Ç uskPÐ® JßøÓö¯õßÖ PÁºQßÓÚ.

Ca÷\õuøÚ ‰»® K›Ú ªßÞmh[PÒ JßøÓö¯õßÖ Âµmk®, ÷ÁÔÚ ªßÞmh[PÒ JßøÓö¯õßÖ PÁ¸® GÚ öu›¯ Á¸QÓx.

ªßÞmh® ö£ØÓ ö£õ¸ÒPÐUQøh÷¯ ÷uõßÖ® PÁ¸® ©ØÖ® Âµmk® £s¦PÎß £¯ßPÒ ¯õøÁ?

{ø» ªßÛ¯À •øÓ°À Ásn® öuÎzuÀ, xPÒ §a_, ¦øPU TskPÎÀ £ÓUS® \õ®£ø» ÷\P›zuÀ, ø© öuÎ¨¦ £v¨¦ G¢vµ® ©ØÖ® Aa_ £Pº¨¦ |PÀ G¢vµ® ÷£õßÓ £À÷ÁÖ £¯ß£õkPøÍU öPõskÒÍÚ.

PhzvPÒ ©ØÖ® Põ¨£õßPÒ: GßÓõÀ GßÚ? GkzxUPõmk u¸P. ªßÞmhzøu uß ÁÈ÷¯ ö\À» AÝ©vUS® ö£õ¸ÒPÒ ªß PhzvPÒ GÚ¨£k®. GkzxUPõmkPÒ: E÷»õP[PÒ, ©Ûu EhÀ, ¦Â. ªßÞmh[PøÍ uß ÁÈ÷¯ ö\À» AÝ©vUPõu ö£õ¸ÒPÒ ªßPhzuõ¨ ö£õ¸ÒPÒ

(Põ¨£õßPÒ) GÚ¨£k®. GkzxUPõmkPÒ: Psnõi, ø©UPõ, G÷£õøÚm, ¤ÍõìiU .

ªßÞmh[PÎß Ai¨£øh¨ £s¦PÒ:(i) ªßÞmh[PÎß SÁõsh©õUPÀ: GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

C¯ØøP°À G¢u J¸ Aø©¨¤ß ªßÞmh•®, J¸ ªßÞmhzvß ]Ö© ©v¨¤ß •Ê Gs ©h[SPÍõP÷Á Aø©QÓx.

ªßÞmhzvß AÍÄ, e- ß •Ê Gs ©h[S öPõsh £» uÛzu ©v¨¦PÎÀ H÷uÝ® JßøÓ ©mk® ö£ÖQÓx. GÚ÷Á ªßÞmh® q = ne.

(ii) ªßÞmh[PÎß AÈÂßø© Âvø¯U TÖ. GkzxUPõmk u¸P. ªßÞmh[PøÍ BUP÷Áõ AÈUP÷Áõ •i¯õx. ªßÞmh AÈÂßø© Âv°ß£i, uÛzu Aø©¨¦ JßÔß ö©õzu ªßÞmh® G¨÷£õx®

©õÔ¼¯õS®. GkzxUPõmk: ²÷µÛ¯® BÀ£õ xPøÍ öÁÎ°mk ÷uõ›¯©õP ©õÖQÓx.

]øuÄUS •ß ö©õzu ªßÞmh® = + 92e, ]øuÄUS¨ ¤ß ö©õzu ªßÞmh® = 90e + 2e = 92e

(iii) ªßÞmh[PÎß TmhÀ £s¦ ¯õx? GkzxUPõmk u¸P. (Oct’07) J¸ Aø©¨¤ß ö©õzu ªßÞmh©õÚx, Aø©¨¤À EÒÍ AøÚzx ªßÞmh[PÎß SÔ°¯À Tmkz

öuõøPUSa \©®. GkzxUPõmk: +2q, -5q ªßÞmh[PÒ öPõsh Ç ö£õ¸ÒPÒ ÷\ºzx øÁUP¨£k®÷£õx,

Aø©¨¤ß ö©õzu ªßÞmh® -3q BS®.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (03) _ _ {ø» ªßÛ¯¼À T¾® Âvø¯U TÖ (BB), (Mar’06), (July’07), (Mar’10), (Jun’10)

Ç ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh[PÐUS Cøh÷¯¯õÚ PÁºa] Âø\ AÀ»x Âµmk Âø\¯õÚx, ªßÞmh[PÎß ö£¸USz öuõøUS ÷|ºzuPÂ¾®, AÁØÔØS Cøh÷¯ EÒÍ öuõø»Âß Ç©iUS GvºzuPÂ¾® Aø©²®. ªßÞmh[PøÍ CønUS® ÷Põmiß ÁÈ÷¯ Âø\°ß vø\ Aø©²®.

{ø» ªßÛ¯¼À T¾® Âv°ß öÁUhº ÁiÁ®:

ÂkvÓß ©ØÖ® J¨¦ø© ÂkvÓß GßÓõÀ GßÚ? AøÁ GÆÁõÖ öuõhº¦£kzu¨£mkÒÍÚ? (BB)

FhPzvÀ Ç ªßÞmh[PÐUQøh÷¯¯õÚ Âø\°ß AÍøÁ •iÄ ö\´²® C¯À¦ ÂkvÓß (ε) GÚ¨£k®.

öÁØÔhzvß C¯À¦ ÂkvÓß = ε0 FhPzvß J¨¦ø© ÂkvÓß = εr

ε = ε0 εr

ªßÞmhzv ß A»S Áø µ ¯Ö. (T¾® Âv°ß Ai¨£øh°À T¾® Áø µ ¯Ö) (Mar’06) ªßÞmhzv ß A»S T¾®. PõØÔ÷»õ AÀ»x öÁØÔhzv÷»õ, J¸ «mhº CøhöÁÎ°À, øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ, Jzu

ªßÞmh[PÐUQ øh÷¯¯õÚ Âµmk Âø\ 9 × 109 N GÛÀ A®ªßÞmh ©v¨¦ J¸ T¾®.÷©Øö£õ¸¢xuÀ uzuÁzøuU TÖP. (BB)

J¸ ªßÞmhzvß «uõÚ ö©õzu Âø\ Gß£x ©ØÓ ªßÞmh[PÒ A®ªßÞmhzvß «x ÷uõØÖÂUS® Âø\PÎß öÁUhº Tku»õS®.

J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»® Áø µ ¯Ö. Auß A»øPU TÖ. (BB) J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»®, ªß¦»a ö\ÔÂß ‰»® AÍÂh¨£kQÓx. ªß¦»zvÀ EÒÍ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À

øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ Kµ»S ÷|º ªßÞmh® En¸® Âø\, A¨¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»a ö\ÔÄ GßÓøÇUP¨£kQÓx.

Cx J¸ öÁUhº AÍÁõS®. ªß¦»a ö\ÔÂß A»S N C−1.

¦ÒÎ ªßÞmhzuõÀ ÂøÍ²® ªß¦»®: ( ÷PõøÁø¯¨ ö£ÖP. ), (BB) PõØÔÀ O GßÓ ¦ÒÎ°À øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ q GßÓ ªßÞmhzøuU P¸x÷Áõ®. ªßÞmh® q Â¼¸¢x r öuõø»ÂÀ, ¦ÒÎ P °À, ÷\õuøÚ ªßÞmh® qO øÁUP¨£mkÒÍx.

T¾® Âv°ß£i,

q& ÂÚõÀ qO «uõÚ Âø\,

¦ÒÎ P°À ªß¦»®

E&ß vø\, O, P ¦ÒÎPøÍ CønUS® ÷Põmiß ÁÈ÷¯, ÷|º ªßÞmh©õP Ç¢uõÀ öÁÎ÷|õUQ²®, Gvº ªßÞmh©õP Ç¢uõÀ EÒ ÷|õUQ²® Aø©²®.

ªß¦»zvß öÁUhº \©ß£õk

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (04) _ ªß Âø\U ÷PõkPÒ: (GßÓõÀ GßÚ? A»S ¯õx?) (June’08)

ªß¦»zvÀ Kµ»S ÷|ºªßÞmh® JßÖ, |Pµ •¯Ø]US® ÷|µõÚ AÀ»x ÁøÍÁõÚ PØ£øÚ¨ £õøu ªßÂø\U÷Põk GÚ¨£k®. Cuß A»S Nm2 C-1

(ø©U÷PÀ £õµ÷h Gß£ÁµõÀ ¦»U÷PõkPÒ GßÓ P¸zx AÔ•P¨£kzu¨£mhx.)ªßÂø\U÷PõkPÎß £s¦PÒ: (BB), (Mar’07), (Oct’07), (Mar’08), (Mar10), (Jun’10)

ªßÂø\U÷Põk ÷|º ªßÞmhzvÀ öuõh[Q Gvº ªßÞmhzvÀ •iÁøhQÓx. ªß Âø\U÷PõkPÒ J¸÷£õx® JßøÓö¯õßÖ öÁmia ö\À»õx. J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»zvß vø\, A¨¦ÒÎ°À EÒÍ ªß Âø\U÷PõmkUS Áøµ¯¨£k®

öuõk÷PõmiÚõÀ SÔUP¨£k®.

JÆöÁõ¸ Kµ»S ÷|ºªßÞmh•®, AÍÄÒÍ ªßÂø\U ÷PõkPøÍ öÁØÔhzvÀ E¸ÁõUS®.

ªßÂø\U÷PõkPÐUS ÷|ºUSzuõÚ vø\°À, Kµ»S \©uÍ¨ £µ¨¤ß ÁÈ÷¯ ö\À¾® Âø\U÷PõkPÎß GsoUøP ªß¦»a ö\ÔÄ E&US ÷|ºzuPÂÀ ÇUS®. E&ß ©v¨¦ AvP©õÚ Ch[PÎÀ ÷PõkPÒ ö|¸UP©õPÄ®, E&ß ©v¨¦ SøÓÁõÚ Ch[PÎÀ ÷PõkPÒ CøhöÁÎÂmk® ÇUS®.

ªß Ç•øÚ : ( vd;why; vd;d? ) (BB), (Oct’09) Ç \©©õÚ, GvöµvµõÚ, ªPa ]Ô¯ CøhöÁÎ°À ¤›UP¨£mkÒÍ ªßÞmh[PÒ J¸ ªß

Ç•øÚ¯õS®. GkzxUPõmkPÒ: }º, A®÷©õÛ¯õ, Põº£ß&øh&BUø\k ©ØÖ® S÷Íõ÷µõ£õº®

‰»UTÖPÒ Ç•øÚz v¸¨¦zvÓß (tiwaW) : (BB), (Oct’09)

ªß Ç •øÚ°ß v¸¨¦zvÓÛß Gs©v¨£õÚx H÷uÝ® J¸ ªßÞmhzvß Gs©v¨¤øÚ ªßÞmh[PÐUQøh÷¯²ÒÍ öuõø»ÂÚõÀ ö£¸UPU Qøh¨£uõS®.

SÔ¨¦: ·ªß Ç•øÚ°ß v¸¨¦z vÓß P = 2qd. · Cx J¸ öÁUhº AÍÁõS®. · Cuß vø\ -q¼¸¢x +q ÷|õUQ Aø©²®. · Cuß A»S C m BS®.

ªß Ç•øÚ°ß Aa_U÷PõmiÀ EÒÍ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»® \©ß£õk u¸Â. (BB), (Mar ’06), (Jun ’06), (Mar ’09), (Jun’10)

AB Gß£x, -q ©ØÖ® +q GßÓ Ç ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh[PÒ 2d GßÓ ]Ö öuõø»ÂÀ ¤›zx øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ J¸ ªß Ç•øÚ BS®.

Ç•øÚ°ß ø©¯® OÂ¼¸¢x, Aa_U÷PõmiÀ, r öuõø»ÂÀ Aø©¢xÒÍ ¦ÒÎ P BS®.

B&°À EÒÍ +q ªßÞmhzvÚõÀ ¦ÒÎ P&°À ªß¦»®

(BP ÁÈ÷¯)

A&°À EÒÍ – q ÂÚõÀ ¦ÒÎ P&°À ªß¦»®

(PA ÁÈ÷¯)

E1 ©ØÖ® E2 Gvöµvºz vø\°À ö\¯À£kQßÓÚ. GÚ÷Á, öuõS£¯ß ªß¦»® (E) ö£¸© Gs©v¨¦ öPõsh öÁUh›ß vø\°À ö\¯À£kQÓx.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (05) _ _ ¦ÒÎ P°À öuõS£¯ß ªß¦»® E = E1 + ( - E2)

ªß Ç•øÚ v¸¨¦z vÓß p = q x 2d

(BP ÁÈ÷¯)

E&¯õÚx ªß Ç•øÚ°ß v¸¨¦zvÓß vø\°À ö\¯À£kQÓx.

ªß Ç•øÚ°ß |kÁøµU ÷PõmiÀ EÒÍ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»® : \©ß£õk u¸Â. (BB), (Mar ’06), (Mar’07),(Jun’09)

AB GßÓ ªß Ç•øÚ JßøÓU P¸x÷Áõ®. 2d Gß£x Ç•øÚ°ß Cøhzöuõø»Ä, p Gß£x Ç•øÚ°ß v¸¨¦z vÓß GßP. Ç•øÚ°ß ø©¯® O&Â¼¸¢x r öuõø»ÂÀ |kÁøµU ÷PõmiÀ Aø©¢xÒÍ ¦ÒÎ P GßP.

+q ªßÞmhzvÚõÀ ¦ÒÎ P&°À ªß¦»®,

(BP ÁÈ÷¯)

-q ªßÞmhzuõÀ ¦ÒÎ P°À ªß¦»®,

(PA ÁÈ÷¯)

Ç•øÚ¯õÀ ¦ÒÎ P°À öuõS£¯ß ªß¦»® E = E1 cos θ + E2 cos θ (PR vø\°À)

E = 2 E1cos θ ( E1 = E2)

p = q x 2d ÷£õßÓ ©v¨¦PøÍ¨¤µv°h

E&ß vø\ ªß Ç•øÚ°ß Aa_US Cøn¯õP PR & ÁÈ¯õPÄ®, Ç •øÚ°ß v¸¨¦ vÓÛß vø\US Gvºz vø\°¾® Aø©QÓx. ªß¦»zvÀ EÒÍ ªß Ç•øÚ°ß ªßÚÊzu BØÓÀ Áø µ ¯Ö .

ªß¦»zvÀ EÒÍ ªß Ç•øÚ°ß ªßÚÊzu BØÓÀ Gß£x ªß¦»zvÀ ªß Ç•øÚø¯ ÷uøÁ¯õÚ {ø»US _ÇØÖÁuØS›¯ ÷Áø» BS®.

U = – pE cos θ

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (06) _ ø©U÷ µ õ Aø» \ø©¯ÀP»ß: SÔ¨¦ÁøµP. (June’08)

Cx, ªPU SÖQ¯ Põ»zvÀ EnÄ \ø©UP¨ £¯ß£kQÓx. P»ß ö\¯À£k®÷£õx, ø©U÷µõ Aø»PÒ ÷uõØÖÂUP¨£kQßÓÚ. CøÁ ^µØÓ Aø»ÄÖ® ªß¦»zøu E¸ÁõUSQßÓÚ. EnÂ¾ÒÍ }º© ‰»UTÖPÒ, ªß Ç•øÚPÍõP Aø©ÁuõÀ, Aø»ÄÖ® v¸¨¦ Âø\US

EÒÍõUP¨£mk J¸ ]» }º© ‰»UTÖPÎß ¤øn¨¦PÒ •ÔUP¨£kQßÓÚ. CuÚõÀ öÁ¨£ BØÓÀ E¸ÁõQ, EnÄ \ø©UP¨£kQÓx

ªßÚÊzu® Áøµ¯ Ö : (BB), (Mar’07) , (Jun’09)

ªß¦»zvÀ EÒÍ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªßÚÊzu® Gß£x Kµ»S ÷|º ªßÞmhzøu •iÂ»õz öuõø»Â¼¸¢x ªßÂø\US GvµõP, A¨¦ÒÎUS öPõsk

Áµa ö\´¯¨£k® ÷Áø» BS®.

ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk Áøµ¯ Ö : . ªß¦»zvÀ Ç ¦ÒÎPÐUQøh÷¯ EÒÍ ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk Gß£x

J¸ ¦ÒÎ°¼¸¢x ©ØöÓõ¸ ¦ÒÎUS ªß Âµmk Âø\US GvµõP Kµ»S ÷|º ªßÞmhzøu |Pºzua ö\´¯¨£k® ÷Áø» BS®.

ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õmiß A»S ( ÷ÁõÀm ) Áøµ¯ Ö : ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õmiß A»S ÷ÁõÀm BS®. J¸ ¦ÒÎ°¼¸¢x ©ØöÓõ¸ ¦ÒÎUS J¸ T¾® ÷|º ªßÞmhzøu ªß Âø\UöPvµõP Gkzxa ö\

À»a ö\´¯¨£k® ÷Áø» J¸ áúÀ GÛÀ A¨¦ÒÎPÐU Qøh÷¯ EÒÍ ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk J¸ ÷ÁõÀm BS®.

J¸ ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmhzuõÀ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À HØ£k® ªßÚÊzu®: \©ß£õk u¸Â. (BB), (Mar’ 09)

PõØÔÀ ¦ÒÎ O°À øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ uÛzu ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh® +q GßP. +q&¼¸¢x r öuõø»ÂÀ EÒÍ ¦ÒÎ P GßP. ¦ÒÎ O-°¼¸¢x x ©ØÖ® x + dx öuõø»ÂÀ EÒÍ ¦ÒÎPÒ A ©ØÖ® Bø¯U P¸x÷Áõ®.

A ©ØÖ® B ¦ÒÎPÐUQøh÷¯ EÒÍ ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk,dV = -E.dx

Kµ»S ÷|º ªßÞmhzuõÀ Enµ¨£k® Âø\,

ö\´¯¨£k® ÷Áø», ªß Âø\US GvµõÚx Gß£øu GvºUSÔ SÔUQÓx. + q ªßÞmhzvÚõÀ P&À ªßÚÊzu® Gß£x, Kµ»S ÷|º ªßÞmhzøu •iÂ»õz

öuõø»Â¼¸¢x, A¨¦ÒÎUSU öPõsk Áµa ö\´¯¨£k® ö©õzu ÷Áø»¯õS®.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (07) _ _ ªß Ç•øÚ¯õÀ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªßÚÊzu®:(\©ß£õku¸Â) (BB), (Oct’06), (Mar’08), (June’08), (Mar’10) 2d GßÓ ]Ö öuõø»ÂÀ ¤›UP¨£mh, -q ©ØÖ® +q GßÓ Ç ªßÞmh[PÒ ªß

Ç•øÚBS®. P Gß£x Ç•øÚ°ß O GßÓ ø©¯¨ ¦ÒÎ°¼¸¢x r

öuõø»ÂÀ EÒÍ ¦ÒÎ. ÷©¾® C¨¦ÒÎø¯²®, ø©¯zøu²® CønUS®

÷PõhõÚx (PO) Ç •øÚ°ß Aa_hß (OB) HØ£kzx® ÷Põn® θ GßP.

r1 ©ØÖ® r2 Gß£Ú •øÓ÷¯ +q ©ØÖ® - qÂ¼¸¢x ¦ÒÎ P°ß öuõø»ÄPÒ GßP.

q ªßÞmhzvÚõÀ P°À ªßÚÊzu®

-q ªßÞmhzuõÀ P °À ªßÚÊzu®

ªß Ç•øÚ¯õÀ P °À ªßÚÊzu® V = V1 + V2

öPõø\ß Âvø¯¨ £¯ß£kzv wºUP

C÷u÷£õÀ,

÷©¾® p = q x 2d

\©ß£õk (1) I wºUP

]Ó¨¦ ÷|ºÄPÒ :1. ¦ÒÎ P ¯õÚx Ç•øÚ°ß Aa_U÷PõmiÀ +qUS A¸QÀ Aø©¢uõÀ, θ = 00

2. ¦ÒÎ P¯õÚx Ç•øÚ°ß Aa_U÷PõmiÀ –qUS A¸QÀ Aø©¢uõÀ θ = 180o,

3. ¦ÒÎ P¯õÚx Ç•øÚ°ß |kÁøµU ÷PõmiÀ Aø©¢uõÀ, θ = 90o,

L V = 0

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (08) _ Ç ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh[PÎß ªßÚÊzu BØÓÀ: (Áøµ¯Ö) (Oct’09)

Ç ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh[PÎß ªßÚÊzu BØÓÀ Gß£x AÆÂ¸ ªßÞmh[PøÍ J¸[Pø©¯a ö\´¯¨£mh ÷Áø» (AÀ»x) JÆöÁõ¸ ªßÞmhzøu²® A¨¦ÒÎUS öPõskÁµ ö\´¯¨£mh ÷Áø» (AÀ»x) J¸ ªßÞmhzøu •iÂ»õz öuõø»Â¼¸¢x A¨¦ÒÎUS öPõsk Áµ ö\´¯¨£mh ÷Áø» GÚ¨£k®.

\© ªßÚÊzu¨ £µ¨¦ GßÓõÀ GßÚ? J¸ £µ¨¤Ýøh¯ AøÚzx¨ ¦ÒÎPÐ®, \© ªßÚÊzuzvÀ EÒÍÚ GÛÀ, A¨£µ¨¦ \© ªßÚÊzu¨

£µ¨¦ GÚ¨£k®.\© ªßÚÊzu¨ £µ¨¤ß£s¦PÒ ¯õøÁ?

uÛzu ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmhzv¼¸¢x \© öuõø»ÂÀ EÒÍ AøÚzx¨ ¦ÒÎPÐ® \© ªßÚÊzuzvÀ ÇUS®.

\© ªßÚÊzu¨ £µ¨¦PÒ ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmhzøu ø©¯©õPU öPõsh öuõhºa]¯õÚ £À÷ÁÖ ÷PõÍ[PÍõS®.

\© ªßÚÊzu¨ £µ¨¤ß «x G¢u Ç ¦ÒÎPÐUQøh÷¯²®, J¸ ªßÞmhzøu GÆÁÈ¯õP |PºzvÚõ¾® ö\´¯¨£mh ÷Áø» _È¯õS®.

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φ = E (2πrl )

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Põìê¯ß £µ¨¤ÝÒ EÒÍ ö©õzu ªßÞmh® q = λ l

Põì Âv°ß£i,

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q = σA

Põì Âvø¯¨ £¯ß£kzu,

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (10) _ Ç Cøn¯õÚ ªßÞmh¨£mh uPkPÍõÀ HØ£k® ªß¦»®:

Ç Cøn¯õÚ, \©uÍ ÁiÁ,•iÂ»õ¨ £µ¨¦ öPõsh, uPkPÒ,\©©õÚ BÚõÀ ÷ÁÔÚ ªßÞmh AhºzvPÒ +σ ©ØÖ® -σ øÁ ö£ØÖÒÍx.

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C®ªß¦»® uPmiØS SzuõPÄ®, ÷|ºUSÔ ªßÞmh©õÚõÀ öÁÎ÷|õUQ-²®,

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E = 0

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Bµ® R Eøh¯, ªßÞmh® ö£ØÓ ÷PõÍ ÁiÁU Tk JßøÓU P¸x÷Áõ®.

Auß ø©¯® O&Â¼¸¢x r öuõø»ÂÀ ÷PõÍ ÁiÁU TmiØS öÁÎ÷¯ EÒÍ ¦ÒÎ P GßP.

r Bµ® öPõsh ÷PõÍ ÁiÁ Põìê¯ß £µ¨ø£ Áøµ÷Áõ®.

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12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (11) _ _ Põì Âv°ß £i,

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ÁøP (ii) £µ¨¤ß «x EÒÍ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À:ªßÞmh® ö£ØÓ ÷PõÍÁiÁU Tmiß £µ¨¤ß ÷©À EÒÍ ¦ÒÎPÎÀ

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Põì Âv¨£i,

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Ci, ªßÚ¼ß ÷£õx J¸ © µ zvÚi°À {Ø£øu Âh J¸ Põ›ß EÒ÷Í Ç¨£x £õxPõ¨£õÚx. Hß? (BB), (Mar’06) , (June’06), (Jun’09), (Mar’10)

Ci²hß Ti¯ ªßÚ¼ß ÷£õx, vÓ¢u öÁÎ°÷»õ AÀ»x ©µzvÚi°÷»õ A©ºÁøuU Põmi¾®, ÷£¸¢vÝÒ Ç¨£x ªPÄ® £õxPõ¨£õÚuõS®.

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Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (12) _ {ø» ªßyshÀ •øÓ°À, E÷»õPU ÷PõÍ® JßÖ £i¨£i¯õP ªß÷ÚØÓ¨£k® B´Ä:

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B°ß ÷|º ªßÞmhzøu Âh Gvº ªßÞmh® AUS A¸QÀ Ç¨£uõÀ AÀ ªßÚÊzu® SøÓ¢x ÂkQÓx. CuÚõÀ Aß ªß÷uUS vÓß AvP›UQÓx.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (13) _ _ umk Bø¯¨ ¦Â²hß CønUS®÷£õx, Av¾ÒÍ ÷|ºªßÞmh® |k{ø»¯õUP¨£kQÓx.

CuÚõÀ A°ß ªßÚÊzu® ÷©¾® SøÓQÓx. A°ß ªß÷uUS vÓß SÔ¨¤k® AÍÄUS AvP›UQÓx. ªß÷uUSz vÓß PhzvPÎß ÁiÁzøu²®, FhPzvß C¯Àø£²®, ö£õÖzux. ªß÷uUQ Gß£x

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Cønzumk ªß÷uUQ°À X, Y GßÓ Ç E÷»õPz umkPÎß £µ¨¦ A.

CøhöÁÎ d °À JßÖUöPõßÖ Cøn¯õP øÁUP¨£mkÒÍÚ.

Auß ªßÞmh £µ¨£hºzv σ GßP. umk X&US +q AÍÄ ÷|ºªßÞmh®

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X ©ØÖ® Y umkPÐUS Cøh÷¯¯õÚ, ªßÚÊzu ©õÖ£õk

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Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (14) _ •øÚÄÒÍ ‰»UTÖPÒ GßÓõÀ GßÚ? GkzxUPõmkPÒ u¸P. (Mar’07)

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GkzxUPõmkPÒ : N2O, H2O, HCl, NH3. (C®‰»UTÖPÒ {ø»¯õÚ Ç•øÚ v¸¨¦z vÓøÚ ö£ØÖÒÍÚ.)

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AuõÁx

L p = α ECvÀ α Gß£x ‰»UTÖPÎß •øÚÁõUS® vÓß GßÓøÇUP¨£k®.

Cønzumk ªß÷uUQ°À, umkPÐUQøh÷¯ ªßPõ¨¦ EÒÍ ÷£õx ªß÷uUSzvÓß: (BB)

J¸ Cønzumk ªß÷uUQ°ß X, Y GßÓ Ç uPkPÎß £µ¨¦ A öuõø»Ä d.

X&US ÷|º ªßÞmh® AÎUP¨£kÁuõÀ, Auß ªßÞmh¨ £µ¨£hºzv σ BS®, Y&BÚx ¦Â°øn¨¦ ö£ØÖÒÍx. umkPÐUQøh°À, t ui©Ý®, εr J¨¦ø©

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12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (15) _ _ ªßPõ¨¤ß ÂøÍÄ ¯õx?

PõØÖ {µ¨£¨£mkÒÍ ªß÷uUQ°ß ªß÷uUSzvÓß,

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£¯ß£kQßÓÚ.

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öuõh›øn¨¤ß öuõS¨¦ •Êø©US® ö\¯À£kzu¨£k® ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk V GßP.

JÆöÁõ¸ ªß÷uUQ²® \© ªßÞmh AÍÄ q öPõskÒÍx.

C1, C2, C3 &UQøh÷¯ EÒÍ ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õkPÒ •øÓ÷¯ V1, V2, V3 GßP. BP÷Á,

V = V1 + V2 + V3

( Cs -- öuõS£¯ß ªß÷uUSzvÓß GÛÀ)

£» ªß÷uUQPÒ öuõh›øn¨¤À CønUP¨£k®÷£õx öuõS£¯ß ªß÷uUSzvÓÛß uø»RÌ ©v¨¦, uÛzuÛ ªß÷uUQPÎß ªß÷uUSz vÓßPÎß uø»RÌ ©v¨¦PÎß Tmkz öuõøPUSa \©®.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (16) _ (ii) £UP Cøn¨¤À ªß÷uUQPÒ: (BB), (July’07), (Oct’07)

C1, C2, C3 GßÓ ªß÷uUSz vÓßPÒ öPõsh ‰ßÖ ªß÷uUQPÒ £UP Cøn¨¤À CønUP¨£mkÒÍÚ.

CÆÂøn¨¤À, ö\¯À£kzu¨£k® ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk V GßP. JÆöÁõ¸ ªß÷uUQ°ß ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk® \©©õP ÇUS®.

‰ßÖ ªß÷uUQPÎ¾® EÒÍ ªßÞmh[PÒ q1 = C1V, q2 = C2 V, q3 = C3V q = C1V + C2V + C3V

BÚõÀ q = CPV.CPV = V (C1 + C2 + C3)

CP = C1 + C2 + C3

£UP Cøn¨¤À ªß÷uUSPÎß öuõS£¯ß ªß÷uUSzvÓß, uÛzuÛ ªß÷uUQPÎß ªß÷uUSz vÓßPÎß Tmkz öuõøPUSa \©®.ªß÷uUQ°ÝÒ ÷uUQ øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ BØÓÀ: (BB)

ªß÷uUQ°ÝÒ, ªßÞmhzøuz ÷uUQ øÁUP, ÷Áø» ö\´¯¨£h ÷Ási²ÒÍx. C¢u ÷Áø»¯õÚx, ªß÷uUQ°ÝÒ {ø» ªßÚÊzu BØÓ»õP ÷\ªUP¨£kQÓx.

ªß÷uUQ°ß ªßÚÊzu® V ©ØÖ® ªßÞmh® q . umiØSU Tku»õP uµ¨£mh ªßÞmh® dq GÛÀ, ö\´¯¨£mh ÷Áø»,

dw = Vdq

C¢u ÷Áø»¯õÚx, ªß÷uUQ°ÝÒ {ø»ªßÚÊzu {ø» BØÓ»õP (U) ÷\ªUP¨£kQÓx.

q = CV

GÚ÷Á

ªß÷uUQ¯õÚx, ªßÛÓUP® ö\´¯¨£k®÷£õx, C¢u BØÓÀ v¸®£¨ ö£Ó¨£kQÓx.Tº•øÚ ö\¯À£õk (AÀ»x ) JÎÁmh ªßÛÓUP®: (July’07), (Oct’08)

ªßÞmh® ö£ØÓ Phzv°ß Tº•øÚPÎ¼¸¢x ªßÞmh® P]QßÓ {PÌÄ Tº•øÚPÎß ö\¯À£õk AÀ»x JÎÁmh ªßÛÓUP® GßÓøÇUP¨£kQÓx.

C¢uz uzxÁ® ªßÞmhzøua ÷\P›US® {ø»ªß G¢vµ[PÎ¾®, ©ØÖ® ªßÚÀ PhzvPÎ¾® £¯ß£kzu¨£kQßÓx.

ªßÚÀ Phzv: (Ciuõ[Q) SÔ¨¦ÁøµP. ªP E¯µ©õÚ Pmih[PøÍ ªßÚ¼¼¸¢x £õxPõUP EuÄ® Kº GÎ¯ \õuÚ® ªßÚÀ Phzv

BS®. Cx Tº•øÚPÎß ö\¯À£õk uzxÁzvÀ ö\¯À£kQÓx. Cx Pmihzvß ÁÈ÷¯ uøµUSa ö\À¾® J¸ }sh, uizu uõªµz usiøÚU öPõskÒÍx. usiß

RÌ •øÚ¯õÚx, uøµ°ß AvP BÇzvÀ ¦øuUP¨£mkÒÍ uõªµz umkhß CønUP¨£mkÒÍx. Auß ÷©À•øÚ°À GsoUøPªUP Tº•øÚPÒ Eøh¯ uõªµ F]PÒ CønUP¨£mk, Pmihzvß

E¯µ©õÚ £Sv°À øÁUP¨£mkÒÍx.Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (17) _ _ Áõß&i&Qµõ¨ C¯ØÔ (BB), (Oct’08), (Oct’09)

Cx 107 V AÍÂ»õÚ AvP {ø»ªßÛ¯À ªßÚÊzu® EØ£zv ö\´²® {ø» ªß G¢vµ® BS®.uzxÁ® :

{ø»ªßyshÀ ©ØÖ® Tº•øÚa ö\¯À£õk.Aø©¨¦:

J¸ EÒÏhØÓ E÷»õPU ÷PõÍ® A ªßPõ¨¦¨ ö£ØÓ ysPÒ «x ö£õ¸zu¨£mkÒÍx. ÷PõÍzvß ø©¯zvÀ B GßÓ P¨¤²®, yoß Ai¨£Sv°À C GßÓ P¨¤²® EÒÍÚ. £mkz xo°»õÚ £møh JßÖ P¨¤PÒ ÁÈ÷¯ ö\ÀQÓx. P¨¤ C ªß÷©õmhõº JßÔß ‰»® öuõhº¢x C¯UP¨£kQÓx. P¨¤PÐUS A¸÷P Tº•øÚPÒ öPõsh D ©ØÖ® E GßÓ ^¨¦ ÁiÁU PhzvPÒ

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ö\¯À£õk: ^¨¦ DUS A¸QÀ EÒÍ E¯º ªß¦»zvÚõÀ, Tº•øÚa ö\¯À£õmiß Põµn©õP PõØÖ

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{ø»ªßyshÀ uzxÁzvß ÂøÍÁõP ^¨¦ E GvºªßÞmh® ö£ÖQÓx. ÷PõÍ® ÷|ºªßÞmhzøu¨ ö£ÖQÓx.

^¨¦ E&À EÒÍ AvP AÍÄ ªß¦»® PõØøÓ A¯Û¯õUQ £møh°À EÒÍ ÷|º ªßÞmh[PÒ \©ßö\´¯¨£mk ÂkQßÓÚ. GÚ÷Á £møh RÈÓ[S®÷£õx ªßÞmh©ØÓ {ø»ø¯ AøhQÓx.

CÆÁõÖ G¢vµ® öuõhºa]¯õP, ÷|ºªßÞmhzøu ÷PõÍzvØS ©õØÖQÓx. Cuß ÂøÍÁõP ÷PõÍzvß ªßÚÊzu® J¸ ö£¸© ©v¨ø£ AøhQßÓ x.

C¢{{ø»°À PõØÔß A¯Û¯õUPzvß Põµn©õP ªßÞmh[PÒ P]¯z öuõh[SQßÓÚ. E¯º AÊzuzvÀ PõØÖ {µ¨£¨£mh GLSU P»zvÚõÀ ÷PõÍzøu ‰kÁvß ‰»®, ÷PõÍzvß ªßÞmhU P]øÁU SøÓUP»õ®.

C®ªßÛ¯ØÔ ‰»® ö£Ó¨£k® E¯º ªßÚÊzu® AqUP¸¨ ¤ÍøÁ°À £¯ß£k® ÷|º A¯ÛPøÍ •kUSÂUP¨ £¯ß£kzu¨£kQÓx.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM (18) _ 1. J¸ Psnõiz usk, £mkz xo²hß ÷uÚP¨£k® ÷£õx +8 × 10 -12 C ªßÞmhzøu

HØQÓx. Ax HØÖUöPõsh AÀ»x CÇ¢u G»UmµõßPÎß GsoUøP (BB) (a) 5 × 10 -7 (HØÓx) (b) 5 × 10 7 (CÇ¢ux) (c) 2 × 10 -8 (CÇ¢ux) (d) -8 × 10 -12 (CÇ¢ux)

2. kpd;D}l;lq;fspd; Fthz;lkhf;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; rkd;ghL (Oct’08)

(a) q = ne (b) q = CV (c) (d)

3. Ç ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh[PÒ, εr = 6 öPõsh FhPzvÀ, d öuõø»ÂÀ¤›zx øÁUP¨£kÁuõÀ E¸ÁõS® {ø» ªßÛ¯À Âø\ 0.3 N.öÁØÔhzvÀ, A÷u öuõø»ÂÀ ¤›zx øÁUP¨£mhõÀ, A®ªßÞmh[PÐU Qøh÷¯¯õÚ Âø\ (BB) (a) 20 N (b) 0.5 N (c) 1.8 N (d) 2 N

4. J¸ ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmhzv¼¸¢x 2 m öuõø»ÂÀ ªß¦»a ö\ÔÄ 400 V m-1. Gzöuõø»ÂÀ Auß ªß¦»a ö\ÔÄ 100 V m-1 BP Aø©²®? (BB) (Mar’07) (a) 50 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 4 m (d) 1.5 m

5. Ç ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh[PÒ +4q ©ØÖ® +q, 30 cm öuõø»ÂÀ ¤›zx øÁUP¨£mkÒÍÚ. A®ªßÞmh[PøÍ CønUS® ÷Põmiß «x G¨¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»® _È¯õS®? (BB) (a) ªßÞmh® +q &¼¸¢x 15 cm (b) ªßÞmh® +q&¼¸¢x 7.5 cm (c) ªßÞmh® +4q &¼¸¢x 20 cm (d) ªßÞmh® +q&¼¸¢x 5 cm

6. ^µõÚ ªß¦»zvÀ, ¦»zvØS Cøn¯õP, Auß Aa_ Aø©²©õÖ J¸ ªß Ç•øÚ øÁUP¨£mhõÀ, Ax EnºÁx (BB) ( Mar’06 ),( Mar’07 ),(Oct’07) (a) ö©õzu Âø\ø¯ ©mk® (b) v¸¨¦ Âø\ø¯ ©mk®

(c) ö©õzu Âø\ ©ØÖ® v¸¨¦ Âø\ (d) ö©õzu Âø\²® AÀ», v¸¨¦ Âø\²® AÀ»

7. ^µØÓ ªß¦»zvÀ, ¦»zvØS θ ÷PõnzvÀ , øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ J¸ ªß Ç•øÚ, EnºÁx (Mar’08) , (Oct’08) (a) ö©õzu Âø\ø¯ ©mk® (b) ö©õzu Âø\²® AÀ», v¸¨¦ Âø\²® AÀ» (b) v¸¨¦ Âø\ø¯ ©mk® (d) ö©õzu Âø\ ©ØÖ® v¸¨¦ Âø\ Cµsøh²®

8. ªß Ç•øÚ°ß ø©¯zv¼¸¢x x öuõø»ÂÀ Aø©²® ¦ÒÎ°À ªßÚÊzu®, GuØS ÷|ºzuPÂÀ Aø©QÓx? (BB)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

9. a £UP® öPõsh Aa\xµzvß |õßS ‰ø»PÒ A,B,C ©ØÖ® D UPÎÀ •øÓ÷¯ +q, +q, - q ©ØÖ® – q BQ¯ ªßÞmh[PÒ øÁUP¨£mkÒÍÚ. \xµzvß ø©¯® O À ªßÚÊzu® (BB), (Oct’06)

(a) (b) (c) (d) _È

10. Ç ¦ÒÎ ªßÞmh[PÎß ªßÚÊzu BØÓÀ (U) ...... BS®. (BB) (Mar’09)

(a) (b) (c) p E cosθ (d) pEsinθ

11. \© ªßÚÊzu¨ £µ¨¤À EÒÍ Ç ¦ÒÎPÐUS Cøh÷¯ 500 µC ªßÞmhzøu |Pºzu ö\´¯¨£k® ÷Áø» (BB) (Jun’07), (Mar’08), (Mar’10) (a) _È (b) Áµ®¦ÒÍ ÷|ºUSÔ ©v¨¦ (c) Áµ®¦ÒÍ GvºUSÔ ©v¨¦ (d) •iÂ¼

12. RÌUPsh AÍÄPÐÒ Gx ì÷P»õº AÍÁõS®? (BB) (Jun’06), (Jun’08), (Mar’09) (a) Ç•øÚ v¸¨¦z vÓß (b) ªß¦» Âø\ (c) ªß¦»® (d) ªßÚÊzu®


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (19) _ _ 13. ÂkvÓÛß A»S... (BB) (Mar’08) , (Oct’08)

(a) C 2 N -1 m -2 (b) N m 2 C -2 (c) H m -1 (d) N C -2 m -2 14. 1 T¾® ªßÞmhzv¼¸¢x E¸ÁõS® Âø\U÷PõkPÎß GsoUøP (BB)

(a) 1.129 × 10 11 (c) 6.25 × 10 18 (b) 1.6 × 10 -19 (d) 8.85 × 10 12 15. J¸ ø©U÷µõ T¾® ªßÞmhz v¼¸¢x E¸ÁõS® ªßÂø\U ÷PõkPÎß GsoUøP..(Oct’07)

(a) 1.129 × 10 5 (b) 1.6 × 10 -19 (c) 6.25 × 10 18 (d) 8.85 × 10 -12 16. ªßÞmh Ahºzv σ öPõsh, Ç Gvöµvº ªßÞmh® ö£ØÓ E÷»õPz uPkPÐUS öÁÎ÷¯ EÒÍ

¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»® (BB) (Mar’06), (Oct’09)

(a) (b) (c) (d) _È¯õS®

17. J¸ Cønzumk ªß÷uUQ°ß ªß÷uUS vÓÚõÚx umkPÐUQøh÷¯ ªßPõ¨¦¨ ö£õ¸øÍU öPõsk {µ¨¦ÁuõÀ, 5 µF¼¸¢x 60 µF US AvP›UQÓx. ªßPõ¨¦¨ ö£õ¸Îß ªßPõ¨¦ ©õÔ¼.... (BB) (Jun’08) (a) 65 (b) 55 (c) 12 (d) 10

18. ªßÞmh® ö£ØÖÒÍ EÒÏhØÓ E÷»õP¨ £¢x JßÖ, _È ªß¦»zøu G¨¦ÒÎPÎÀ ÷uõØÖÂUQÓx? (BB) (Jun’06), (Mar’10) (a) ÷PõÍzvØS öÁÎ÷¯ (b) Auß £µ¨¤ß ÷©À (c) ÷PõÍzvß Em¦Ó® (d) Ç ©h[S öuõø»ÄUS A¨£õÀ

19. ªß¦»¨ £õ¯zvß A»S....... ( Mar’06 ), (Jun’09)

(a) N m2 C-1 (b) N m-2 C-1 (c) N m2 C (d) N m-2 C

20. ªß¦»zvÀ J¸ EÒÍ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°¼¸¢x ©ØöÓõÔØS 4 μC ªßÞmhzøu Gkzxa ö\À»a ö\´¯¨£k® ÷Áø» 0.012 J GÛÀ A¨¦ÒÎPÐUQøh÷¯ EÒÍ ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk.( Mar’06) (a) 3000 V (b) 6000 V (c) 30 V (d) 48 x 103 V

21. ^µõÚ ªß¦»zvÀ øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ J¸ªß Ç•øÚ, p ©ØÖ® E Cøh÷¯¯õÚ G¢uU÷PõnzvØSö£¸© v¸¨¦ Âø\ø¯¨ö£¸®? (Jun’06), (Oct’09) (a) 00 (b) 900 (c) 450 (d) 1800

22. E vd;w rPuhd kpd;Gyj;jpy; Gyj;jpd; jpirf;F θ Nfhzj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpd; Ç•øÚkPJ nray;gLk; jpUg;Gtpir (Jun’09) (a) pE cos θ (b) - pE cos θ (c) pE sin θ (d) 2pE sin θ

23. JÆöÁõßÖ® 2 μC ªßÞmh® ö£ØÓ Ç \©©õÚ¦ÒÎ Gvº ªßÞmh[PÒ 1« öuõø»ÂÀ ¤›UP¨ £mkÒÍÚ.C¢u Aø©¨¤ß ö©õzu{ø» ªßÚÊzu BØÓ»õÚx………… ( Jun’06) (a) 2 J (b) 0.36 J (c) 4 J (d) 0.036 J

24. ªß¦»a ö\ÔÂß A»S...... ( Oct’06 ), (Jun’08), (Mar’09) (a) N C-2 (b) N C (c) V m-1 (d) V m

25. ªß¦»a ö\ÔÂß A»S...... (Mar’09) (a) N C-2 (b) N C-1 (c) V m (d) V m

26. öÁØÔhzvÀ, ÂkvÓÛß ©v¨¦..... ( Oct’06 )

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

27. ªßÚÀ PhzvPÎÀ £¯ß£k® uzxÁ®....... (Oct’06) (a) JÎÁmh ªßÛÓUP® (b) £›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ (c) uß ªß yshÀ (d) ªßPõ¢uz yshÀ

28. ªß Ç•øÚ°ß v¸¨¦z vÓÛß A»S....... (Mar’07) (a) ÷ÁõÀm / «mhº (V/m) (b) T¿® / «mhº (C / m)

(c) ÷ÁõÀm . «mhº (V.m) (d) T¿® . «mhº (C m)


12 -PHY-TM (20) _ 29. ªß¦»zvÀ EÒÍ ªß Ç•øÚ°ß ªßÚÊzu BØÓÀ (Mar’07)

(a) pE sin θ (b) - pE sin θ (c) - pE cos θ (d) pE cos θ 30. ¤ßÁ¸ÁÚÁØÖÒ Gx ªßPõ¨¦¨ ö£õ¸Ò AÀ» (Mar’07)

(a) G÷£õøÚm (b) ø©UPõ (c) Gsön´ (d) u[P® 31. kpd;D}l;lq;fs; vg;nghUs; topahf vspjhfg; gha;e;Jnry;Yk;? (Oct’07)

(a) FthHl;]; (b) ikf;fh (c) n[Hkhdpak; (d) jhkpuk;32. ªß Phzv GkzxUPõmk (Oct’08)

(a) Psnõi (b) ©Ûu EhÀ (c) E»º¢u©µ® (d) G÷£õøÚm33. öPõkUP¨£mh ªß_ØÔÀ A US® B US® Cøh÷¯²ÒÍ öuõS£¯ß ªß ÷uUSvÓß..........

(Jun’07) (a) 3 µF (b)

(c) 13 µF (d) 7 µF

34. Ç ªß÷uUQPÒ öuõh›øn¨¤À EÒÍ÷£õx öuõS£¯ß ªß÷uUSzvÓß 1.5 μF.J¸ ªß÷uUQ°ß ªß÷uUSzvÓß 4 μF GÛÀ ©ØÓvß ªß÷uUSzvÓß..... (Oct’07) (a) 2.4 μF (b) 0.24 μF (c) 0.417 μF (d) 4.17 μF

35. ªß Ç•øÚ°ß |kÁøµU ÷PõmiÀ EÒÍ J¸ ¦ÒÎ°À ªß¦»zvß vø\..... (Jun’07) (a) |kÁøµU ÷PõmiÁÈ÷¯ ªß Ç•øÚø¯ ÷|õUQ ö\¯À£k® (b) |kÁøµU ÷PõmiÁÈ÷¯ ªß Ç•øÚø¯ ÂmkÂ»Qa ö\¯À£k® (c) ªß Ç•øÚ°ß Aa_US Cøn¯õPÄ® Ç •øÚ°ß v¸¨¦z vÓÛß vø\US Gvºz vø\°¾® ö\¯À£k®. (d) ªß Ç•øÚ°ß Aa_ ©ØÖ® Ç •øÚ°ß v¸¨¦z vÓÝUS Cøn¯õP ö\¯À£k®.

36. ªßÞmh[PÐUQøh÷¯ HØ£k® Âø\ø¯z wº©õÛUS® Âv...... (Oct’07) (a) B®¤¯º¬ Âv (b) L£õµ÷h¬Âv (c) T¾® Âv (d) K®Âv

37. 6μF ªß ÷uUSvÓß öPõsh ªß÷uUQ JßÖ 100V ªßP»zxhß CønUP¨ £mkÒÍx. ªß÷uUQ°À ÷\ªzx øÁUP¨£mkÒÍ BØÓÀ.... (Mar’08) (a) 30 J (b) 3 J (c) 0.03 J (d) 0.06 J

38. v¸¨¦vÓß p öPõshªß Ç•øÚø¯ E GßÓ ªß¦»zvß vø\°À J¸[Pø©zuõÀ ªßÇ•øÚ°ß {ø»¯õØÓÀ...... (Jun’08) (a) pE

(b) _È¯õS® (c) (d) –pE

39. 10 Vm-1 rPuhd kpd;Gyj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s 2 x 10-10 C kpd;D}l;lj;jpd;kPJ nray;gLk; tpirapd; vz;kjpg;G ……(Mar’09) (a) 2 x 10-9 N (b) 4 x 10-9 N (c) 2 x 10-10 N (d) 2 x 1010 N

40. 1 μF, 2 μF ©ØÖ® 3 μF ªß ÷uUSvÓß öPõsh ‰ßÖ ªß÷uUQPÒ öuõh›øn¨¤À CønUP¨£mhõÀ AÁØÔß öuõS£¯ ªß ÷uUSvÓß (Mar’10)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

41. Vjph;Fwpaplg;gl;l kpd;dOj;jr; rhpT Fwpg;gJ (Jun’09) (a) kpd;Gytpir (b) jpUg;Gtpir (c) kpd;Ndhl;lk; (d) kpd;Gyr;nrwpT

42. jpUg;Gjpwd; nfhz;l xU kpd;,UKid vd;w nrwpT nfhz;l rPuhd kpd;Gyj;jpy; Gyj;jpd; jpirf;F Nfhzj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; kPJ nray;gLk; jpUg;GtpirahdJ (Mar’10) (a) apd; jpirapy; nray;gLk;

(b) apd; jpirf;F vjph;jpirapy; nray;gLk; (c) apd; jpirapy; nray;gLk; (d) kw;Wk; ,tw;iw cs;slf;fpa jsj;jpw;F nrq;Fj;J jpirapy; nray;gLk;.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI 12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (21) _ _

2. ªß÷ÚõmhÂ¯À ªßÞmh[PÎß C¯UPzøu¨ £ØÔ ÂÍUPUTi¯ C¯Ø¤¯¼ß J¸ ¤›Ä ªß÷ÚõmhÂ¯»õS®.

PmkÓõ G»UmµõßPÒ ö£õ¸Îß öÁ¨£ BØÓÀ ÷£õx©õÚuõP Ç¢uõÀ, uÛzuÛ¯õÚ AqUPÎß öÁÎUTmiÀ EÒÍ

G»UmµõßPÒ ÂkÂUP¨£mk ö£õ¸Îß ÁÈ÷¯ C¯[SQßÓÚ. C¢u GÀUmµõßPÒ PmkÓõ G»UmµõßPÒ GÚ¨£k®.

ªßÛ¯US Âø\: PmkÓõ G»UmµõßPøÍ, SÔ¨¤mh vø\°À C¯[P øÁUPz ÷uøÁ¨£k® ¦Ó BØÓø»

ªßÛ¯US Âø\ GÚ»õ®. ªßÛ¯US Âø\ Gß£x Âø\¯À». J¸ •øÚ°¼¸¢x ©ØöÓõ¸ •øÚUS Kµ»S ªßÞmhzøu |Pºzua ö\´¯¨£k® ÷Áø»¯õS®.

ªß÷Úõmh®: Phzv JßÔß J¸ £Sv°ß ÁÈ÷¯ ªßÞmh® £õ²® Ãu® ªß÷Úõmh® BS®. ªß÷Úõmh zvß A»S B®¤¯º. ªß÷Úõmh® J¸ ì÷P»º AÍÄ.

E÷»õPU PhzvPÎÀ ªßÞmh[PÒ £õ²® •øÓ( ø¯ ÂÍUSP .): CÊ¨¦ vø\÷ÁPzv ß \©ß£õmøhz u¸ Â.

ªßP»zxhß CønUP¨£mh XY GßÓ Phzvø¯U P¸xP. X&À Ç¢x YI ÷|õUQa ö\¯Ø£k® E GßÓ ^µõÚ ªß¦»® Phzv°À {ÖÁ¨£kQÓx.

ªß¦»® ö\¯À£kzu¨£mhÄhß Y •øÚ°À EÒÍ G»UmµõßPÒ, Gvº vø\°À En¸® Âø\ F = eE

CuÚõÀ, G»UmµõßPÒ •kUP©øh¢x, ÷©õu¾USm£kQßÓÚ. ÷©õu¼ß ÂøÍÁõP G»UmµõßPÎß «x ¤ß÷ÚõUQ¯ Âø\ ö\¯Ø£k®.

CøÁ ªß¦»zvØS GvµõÚ vø\°À, vd GßÓ ^µõÚ \µõ\› CÊ¨¦z vø\÷Ázxhß uÒÍ¨£kQßÓÚ.

CÊ¨¦z vø\÷ÁP®:(Áøµ¯Ö) , (Mar’07), (Oct’08), (Jun’09), (Oct’09), (Mar’10) öÁÎ¨¦Ózv¼¸¢x ö\¯À£k® ªß ¦»zvÚõÀ, Phzv°ß ÁÈ÷¯ Pmk¨£õhØÓ C¯UPzvÀ

EÒÍ G»UmµõßPÒ «x voUP¨£k® vø\÷ÁP® CÊ¨¦z vø\÷ÁP® GÚ¨£k®. Cuß A»S ms–1.

Ç ÷©õuÀPÐUS Cøh¨£mh \µõ\›U Põ»® τ , G»Umµõß ö£Ö® •kUP® a GßP. CÊ¨¦ vø\÷ÁP®.

m {øÓ öPõsh G»Umµõß En¸® Âø\ F = ma

C[S

L CÊ¨¦ vø\÷ÁP®.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM 2. (22) __ C¯UP Gs: (Áøµ¯Ö) mjd; myifj; jUf (Oct’06), (Mar’08), (Mar’09)

Kµ»S Á¼ø© öPõsh ªß¦»zvÚõÀ ö£Ó¨£k® CÊ¨¦ vø\÷ÁP® C¯UP Gs GÚ¨£k®. Cuß A»S m2 V–1 s–1.

ªß÷Úõmh Ahºzv: ªßÞmh® C¯[S® vø\US ö\[SzuõPU P¸u¨£k®, Kµ»S £µ¨¤ß ÁÈ÷¯ Kµ»S Põ»zvÀ

£õ²® ªßÞmhzvß AÍÄ ªß÷Úõmh Ahºzv GÚ¨£k®. ªß÷Úõmh Ahºzv öÁUhº AÍÁõS®. Cuß A»S A m–2

ªß÷ÚõmhzvØS® CÊ¨¦ vø\÷ÁPzvØS® EÒÍ öuõhº¦: (Mar ’06) L }Í•®, A SÖUS öÁmk¨ £µ¨¦® öPõsh XY GßÓ Phzvø¯U P¸xP. Auß •øÚPÐUQøh÷¯ ö\¯À£k® ªß¦»® E GßP. Phzv°ß Kµ»S £¸©ÛÀ EÒÍ PmkÓõG»UmµõßPÎß

GsoUøP n GßP. G»UmµõßPÎß CÊ¨¦ vø\÷ÁP® Vd .

Phzv°À EÒÍ PmkÓõ G»UmµõßPÎß GsoUøP

G»UmµõÛß ªßÝmh® = e Phzv°ß ÁÈ÷¯ £õ²® ö©õzu ªßÞmh®

q = (nAL) e ªßÞmh[PÒ Phzv°ß ÁÈ÷¯ ö\À» BS® Põ»®,

Phzv°ß ÁÈ÷¯ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh®,

I = nAeVd

Kªß Âv: (Mar ’06), (Oct’07), (Oct’09), (Mar’10) ©õÓõ öÁ¨£{ø»°À, Phzv JßÔß ÁÈ÷¯ £õ²® ^µõÚ ªß÷Úõmh® Phzv°ß •øÚUS

Cøh¨£mh ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õmiØS ÷|ºzuPÂÀ Aø©²®.Phzv°ß ªßuøh :

Phzv JßÔß •øÚPÐUS Cøh¨£mh ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õmiØS® Auß ÁÈ÷¯ £õ²® ªß÷ÚõmhzvØS® EÒÍ uPÄ Phzv°ß ªßuøh GÚ Áøµ¯ÖUP¨£kQßÓx.

ªßuøh°ß A»S ohm.ªßPhzxz vÓß:

ªßuøh°ß uø»RÈ ªßPhzxz vÓß BS®. Cuß A»S ÷©õ (mho ).

uß ªßuøh Gs : Kµ»S }Í•®, Kµ»S SÖUS öÁmk¨ £µ¨¦® öPõsh Phzv JßÖ ªß÷ÚõmhzvØS

HØ£kzx® ªßuøh AUPhzv¨ ö£õ¸Îß uß ªßuøh Gs BS®. Cuß A»S K® «mhº.( ohm m)

ªß Phzx Gs: uß ªßuøh Gsoß uø»RÈ ªß Phzx Gs GÚ¨£k®, ªßPhzx Gsoß A»S mho m–1


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (23) _ _ «UPhzxz vÓß : «UPhzvPÒ :

ªPU SøÓ¢u öÁ¨£{ø»PÎÀ, J¸ ]» E÷»õP[PÒ, ªßuøh _È ©v¨ø£ Aøh²®. _È ªßuøh²hß ªß÷ÚõmhzøuU Phzx® ußø© «UPhzxzvÓß GÚ¨£k®. C¨£sø£ öÁÎ¨£kzx® ö£õ¸ÒPÒ «UPhzvPÒ GÚ¨£k®.

öÁ¨£{ø» ö£¯ºÄ öÁ¨£{ø» AÀ»x ©õÖ{ø» öÁ¨£{ø»: \õuõµn PhzvPÒ, u[PÒ ªßuøhø¯ vjöµÚ CÇ¢x «UPhzvPÍõP ©õÖQßÓ öÁ¨£{ø»

ö£¯ºÄ öÁ¨£{ø» AÀ»x ©õÖ{ø» öÁ¨£{ø» GÚ¨£k®.ö£¯ºÄ öÁ¨£{ø»°À Põn¨£k® ©õÖ£õkPÒ (Jun’10)

1. ußªßuøh Gs _È¯õQßÓx.2. ªßPhzx Gs •iÂ»õ v¨ø£ AøhQÓx.3. Põ¢u¨ £õ¯U ÷PõkPÒ ö£õ¸Î¼¸¢x JxUQz uÒÍ¨£kQßÓÚ.

«UPhzvPÎß £¯ßPÒ: (June ’06), (Oct’06), (July’07), (Oct’07), (Oct’08), (Mar’09) «UPhzx C¯ØÔPÒ Aø©¨¦PÎÀ, BØÓÀ ÷\ª¨¦ vÓß Aø©¨¦PÍõP «UPhzvPÒ EÒÍÚ. «UPhzxz vÓß öPõsh Põ¢u[PÒ Cµ°À ÁsiPøÍ ushÁõÍ[PÎÀ Ç¢x E¯ºzu¨

£¯ß£kQßÓÚ. «UPhzx {ø»°À EÒÍ PhzvPøÍ ªß AÝ¨¤U P®¤PÎÀ £¯ß£kzu»õ®. PoÛPÎÀ {øÚÄ (AÀ»x) ÷\ªUS® Ai¨£øhU TÖPÍõPa ö\¯À£kQßÓÚ. CµõUöPmkPÎß EuÂ°ßÔ, xønU÷PõÒPøÍ ÷|µi¯õP AÁØÔß Ámh¨£õøuUS HÁ,

«UPhzxvÓß öPõsh Põ¢u HÄ Aø©¨¦PøÍ¨ £¯ß£kzu»õ®. «UPhzxvÓß öPõsh Põ¢u[PøÍU öPõsk, uõxUPøÍ¨ ¤›zöukUS®, ªPz vÓß Áõ´¢u G

¢vµ[PøÍ E¸ÁõUP»õ®. CU Põ¢u[PøÍ¨ £¯ß£kzv |À» {ø»°À EÒÍ ö\ÀPÎÀ Ç¢x, PmiPøÍ E¸ÁõUS® ö\ÀPøÍ, AvPa \›Ä ªUP Põ¢u¨¦»zøu¨ öPõsk ¤›UP»õ®.

öuõhº Cøn¨¤À ªß uøh¯õUQPÒ: R1, R2, R3, R4 ªßuøhPÒ öuõhµõP

CønUP¨£mkÒÍÚ. ªßuøh¯õUQPÒ

öuõhµõP EÒÍ÷£õx, JÆöÁõ¸ ªß uøh¯õU Q°ß ÁÈ¯õPÄ® J÷µ AÍÄ ªß÷Úõmh® £õ²®.

ªßuøh¯õUQPÎß öuõS¨¤ß •øÚPÐUS Cøh÷¯ ö\¾zu¨£k® ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk VGÛÀ, R1, R2, R3 ©ØÖ® R4 ªß uøh¯õUQPÐUS Cøh¨£mh ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õkPÒ V1, V2, V3, V4 GßP.

Kªß Âv¨£i V = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4

V1 = IR1, V2 = IR2, V3 = IR3, V4 = IR4 ©ØÖ® V = IRs (Rs - öuõS£¯ß ªßuøh) GÚ÷Á

IRS = IR1 + IR2 + IR3 + IR4 or

RS = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4

öuõhµõP CønUP¨£mkÒÍ £» ªß uøh¯õUQPÐUS öuõS£¯ß ªßuøh, uÛzuÛ ªß uøh¯õUQPÎß ªßuøh¯[PÎß Tku¾USa \©®.


12 -PHY-TM 2. (24) __ £UP Cøn¨¤À ªßuøh¯õUQPÒ : (Oct’06)

R1, R2, R3, R4 GßÓ |õßS ªßuøh¯õU QPÒ£UP Cøn¨¤À ÷\ºUP¨£mkÒÍÚ. CzöuõS¨¦hß V ªßÛ¯US Âø\ CønUP¨£mkÒÍx.

ªß uøh¯õUQPÒ £UP Cøn¨¤À EÒÍ÷£õx, JÆöÁõ¸ ªßuøh¯õUQ°ß SÖU÷P ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk V&USa \©®.

öuõS¨¤øÚ Aøh²® I GßÓ ªß÷Úõmh® I1, I2, I3, I4 GÚ¨ ¤›¢x •øÓ÷¯ R1, R2, R3, R4 ÁÈ÷¯ ö\À¾®.

C¨÷£õx I = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4.

Kªß Âv¨£i

©ØÖ®

(Rp - öuõS£¯ß ªßuøh)

GÚ÷Á, £» ªßuøh¯õUQPÒ £UP Cøn¨¤À CønUP¨£k®÷£õx, uÛzuÛ ªßuøh¯õU QPÎß ªßuøh°ß uø»RÈPÎß TkuÀ, öuõS£¯ß ªßuøh°ß uø»RÈUSa \©®.

ªßuøh öÁ¨£{ø» Gs: (Jun’08) 1oC öÁ¨£{ø» E¯ºÁõÀ HØ£k® ªßuøh ©õÖ£õmiØS®, 0oC&À EÒÍ ªßuøhUS®

EÒÍ uPÄ ªßuøh öÁ¨£{ø» Gs BS®. Cuß A»S: / oC

SÔ¨¦:

Rt = R0 ( 1 + t )

kpd;fyj;jpd; mfkpd;jiliaf; fhzy; : (June’08), (Oct’09) mfkpd;jil fhzg;glNtz;ba kpd;fyk;> mjw;F FWf;fhf cau; kpd;jil cila Nthy;l; kPl;lu;>

rpwpa kjpg;Gila kpd;jil R kw;Wk; rhtp K> Mfpait kpd;Rw;wpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

rhtp K jpwe;j epiyapy; Nthy;l; kPl;lupd; msT kpd;fyj;jpd; kpd;dpaf;FtpirE d; kjpg;ig msf;fpwJ.

rhtp K %lg;gl;l epiyapy;> R f;F FWf;Nf cs;s kpd;dOj;j NtWghL V = I R (1) kpd;fyj;jpd; FWf;Nf cs;s kpd;dOj;j NtWghL

V = E – I r (2) my;yJ Ir = E – V (3)

rkd;ghL (3) I (1) y; tFf;f> =

my;yJ


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (25) _ _ fph;r;r/g; Kjy; tpjp (kpd;Ndhl;l tpjp): (June ’06), (Mar’08)

xU kpd;Rw;wpy;> ve;jnthU re;jpg;gpYk; re;jpf;fpd;w kpd;Ndhl;lq;fspd; Fwpapay; $l;Lj; njhif RopahFk;. tpsf;fk; :

re;jp O- I Nehf;fp nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; Neh;f;Fwp cilaJ vdTk;> ntspr;nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; vjph;f;Fwp cilaJ vdTk; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

1,2,3,4,5 flj;jpfspy; topNa nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lq;fs; KiwNa I1, I2, I3, I4, I5 vdpy;>fph;r;r/g; Kjy; tpjpg;gb> I1 + (-I2) + (- I3) + ( I4) + I5 = 0

I1 + I4 + I5 = I2 + I3

vdNt> re;jpia Nehf;fp nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lq;fspd; $Ljy;> re;jpiatpl;L ntspr;nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lq;fspd; $LjYf;Fr; rkk;. ,J kpd;D}l;l moptpd;ik tpjpapd;gb mikfpwJ.fph;r;r/g; ,uz;lhk; tpjp (kpd;dOj;j tpjp): (Jun’06), (Mar’07), (Jun’07), (Mar’08), (Mar’09)

xU %ba kpd;Rw;wpd; ntt;NtW gFjpfspy; cs;s kpd;jil kw;Wk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; Mfpatw;iwg; ngUf;fp tUk; msTfspd; Fwpapay; $l;Lj;jd;ik mk;%baRw;wpy; cs;s kpd;dpaf;Ftpirfspd; Fwpapay; $l;Lj; njhiff;Fr; rkk;.

,t;tpjp Mw;wy; moptpd;ikapd;gb mikfpwJ.

FwpaPl;L kuG : tyQ;Ropahfr; nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lq;fis Neu;f;Fwp

cilajhfTk;> ,lQ;Ropahf nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lq;fis vjph;f;Fwp

cilajhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.ABCDA vd;w %bag; ghijiaf; fUjpdhy;>

fph;r;r/g; ,uz;lhk; tpjpg;gb

r =

I R2 + I R3 + I r2+ I R4 + I r1 + I R1 = E1 – E2

tPl;];ld; rkdr; Rw;wpy; rkepiyf;fhd epge;jidiag; ngWf: (Mar ’06), (June’06), (Oct’06), (Mar’08), (Jun’09), (Mar’10)

P, Q, R, S vd;w kpd;jilfs; xU %ba Rw;iw cUthf;FkhW ,izf;fg;gl;L;s;sd.kpd;dpaf;Ftpir E nfhz;l kpd;fyj;jpd; %yk; nrYj;jg;gLk; I vd;w kpd;Ndhl;lk; I1, I2 ,

I3 , I 4 vd;w ehd;F gFjpfshfg; gphpfpd;wJ. fhy;tdhkPl;lh; topNa nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; Ig >

mjd; kpd;jil G vd;f. fph;r;r/g; Kjy; tpjpg;gb> re;jpg;G B-y; I1 – Ig – I3 = 0 (1)

re;jpg;G D-y; I2 + Ig – I4 = 0 (2)

fph;r;r/g; ,uz;lhk; tpjpg;gb> ABDA vd;w %ba ghijf;F>

I1 P + IgG – I2 R = 0 (3)

BCDB vd;w %ba ghijf;F> I3 Q – Ig G – I4 S = 0 (4)


12 -PHY-TM 2. (26) __ fhy;tdhkPl;lh; topahf nry;Yk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; Ropahf epge;jid :fhy;tdhkPl;lhpy; Rop tpyf;fk; fhl;Lk;NghJ B kw;Wk; E Gs;spfs; xNu kpd;dOj;jj;jpy; mikAk;.. NkYk; Ig = 0 vdNt> I1 = I3

I2 = I4

I1P = I2 R (5)

I3 Q = I4S (6)

rkd;ghL (5) (6)

kPl;lh; rkdr;Rw;W :,J tPl;];ld; rkdr; Rw;wpd; kw;nwhU tbtkhFk;.

mikg;G :%d;W jbj;j jhkpug;gl;ilfs; kug;gyif kPJ

nghUj;jg; gl;Ls;sd.

G1 kw;Wk; G2 vd;w ,uz;L ,ilntspfs; cs;sd.

xU kPl;lh; ePsKila rPuhd khq;fdpd; (AC) fk;gpapd; Kidfs; A kw;Wk; C apy; jhkpug; gl;ilAld; gw;witf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fk;gpf;F ,izahf msTNfhy; xd;W nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpd;Rw;W :

kjpg;G fhzg;glNtz;ba kpd;jil P-ahdJ, ,ilntsp G1 ,Yk;> kjpg;G njhpe;j gbj;ju kpd;jil Q , ,ilntsp G2 tpYk; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Rw;wpy; fhy;tdhkPl;lh;> cau;kpd;jil> njhLNfhy; J> nyf;yhQ;rp kpd;fyk;> kw;Wk; rhtp Mfpait glj;jpy; fhl;bathW ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

nra;Kiw :njhLNfhiy khq;fdpd; fk;gp kPJ jFe;jthW efh;j;jp fhy;tdhkPl;lhpy; Rop tpyfy;

Vw;gLk; Gs;sp J fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ. fk;gpapd; AJ ( = 1) kw;Wk; JC (= 2) gFjpfs; tPl;];ld; rkdr;Rw;wpd; R, S kpd;jilfSf;F gjpyhf mikfpd;wd.

/ vd;w epge;jidg;gb>

r vd;gJ XuyF ePsf; fk;gpapd; kpd;jilahFk;.

/ =

P = Q

fk;gpahdJ. A kw;Wk; C y; gw;w itf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy;> P d; kjpg;gpy; rpW gpio Vw;gLk;. ,g;gpioia Fiwf;f> P kw;Wk; Q kpd;jilfis ,ilntspfspy; ,lkhw;wk; nra;J mstPLfs; vL;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. gpd;dh;> P – d; ruhrup kjpg;G fzf;fplg;glNtz;Lk;.

kPl;lh; rkdr; Rw;iwf; nfhz;L fk;gpg; nghUspd; jd;kpd;jilvz;izAk;> kpd;jilntg;gepiy vz;izAk; fzf;fpl ,aYk;.Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (27) _ _ kpd;dOj;jkhdpapd; jj;Jtk;: (Oct’07)

glj;jpy; fhl;bathW Kjd;ikr; Rw;wpy; kpd;fy mLf;F> rhtp> Mfpait ,izf;fg; gLfpd;wd. vdNt kpd;dOj;jkhdpf; fk;gpapd; topNa I vd;w rPuhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; gha;fpwJ.

Jizr; Rw;wpy; Kjd;ik kpd;fyd;> fhy;tdhkPl;lh;> cah;kpd;jil> njhLNfhy; Mfpaitnjhluhf ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

njhLNfhyhdJ kpd;dOj;jkhdp fk;gpapd; kPJ nkJthf efh;j;jg;gLfpwJ.

Kid A kw;Wk; njhLGs;sp J f;F ,ilg;gl;l kpd;dOj;j NtWghLghdJ kpd;fydpd; kpd;dpaf;F tpir E - f;F rkk; MFk; epiyapy; fhy;tdhkPl;lh; Rop tpyf;fk; fhl;LfpwJ me;epiyapy; AJ = ℓ rkdPl;L ePsk; vdg;gLk;

r vd;gJ XuyF ePsKs;s kpd;dOj;jkhdpf; fk;gpapd; kpd;jil vdpy;>

AJ f;F ,ilapy; kpd;dOj;j NtWghL (I r ℓ) = kpd;fydpd; kpd;dpaf;Ftpir (E )

I kw;Wk; r khwpypfs; / E ℓ

kpd;;fydpd; kpd;dpaf;F tpir rkd; nra;Ak;; ePsj;jpw;F Neh;j;jftpy; mikAk;. ,JNt kpd;dOj;jkhdpapd; jj;JtkhFk;.

kpd;dOj;jkhdp - ,U kpd;fyq;fspd; kpd;dpaf;F tpirfis xg;gply;: (Mar’07)Kjd;ikr; Rw;wpy; kpd;fy mLf;F> rhtp> kpd;jil khw;wp Mfpait ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Jizr;Rw;wpy; Xg;gplg;gl Ntz;ba

/ E = I r ℓ

kpd;dpaf;F tpirfs; E1 kw;Wk; E2 cila ,U kpd;fyq;fs; DPDT rhtpAlDk;> NkYk; fhy;tdhkPl;lh;> cau; kpd;jil kw;Wk; njhLNfhy; Mfpaitw;Wld; njhluhfTk; glj;jpy;

cs;sthW ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd.Kjd;ikr; Rw;wpy; ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; I vd;f. XuyF ePsKs;s kpd;dOj;jkhdpf; fk;gpapd;

kpd;jil r vd;f. DPDT rhtpapd; %yk; Kjypy; E1 kpd;dpaf;F tpir cila kpd;fyd; Rw;wpy; ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ.

njhLNfhy; cjtpAld; fhy;tdhkPl;lh; Roptpyfy; fhl;Lk; rkdPl;L ePsk; mse;jwpag;gLfpwJ. AJ = 1

kpd;dOj;jkhdp jj;Jtj;jpd;gb> E1 = I r 1 (1)

Kd;Nghd;Nw E2 kpd;dpaf;Ftpir cila kpd;fyDf;F rkdPl;L ePsk; 2 mse;jwpag;gLfpwJ / E2 = I r 2 (2)rkd;ghL (1) I> (2) My; tFf;f>

vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; %yk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,U kpd;fyq;fspd; kpd;dpaf;Ftpirfs;kpd;dOj;jkhdpiaf; nfhz;L xg;;gplg;;gLfpwJ.

kpd;dpaf;F tpir kw;Wk; kpd;dOj;j NtWghL xg;gPL: (July’07), (Oct’08)

tvz;

kpd;dpaf;F tpir kpd;dOj;j NtWghL

1

jpwe;e kpd;Rw;wpy; xU kpd;fydpd; ,U kpd;tha;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l kpd;dOj;jq;fspd; NtWghL MFk;

%ba kpd;Rw;wpy; VNjDk; ,U Gs;spfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l kpd;dOj;jq;fspd; NtWghLMFk;.

2kpd;Rw;wpy; cs;s kpd;jiliarhh;e;jJ my;y

kpd;Rw;wpy; ,U Gs;spfSf;F ,ilNaahd kpd;jilf;F Neh;j;jftpy; mikAk;


12 -PHY-TM 2. (28) __ kpd;jpwd ; :

kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpdhy; xU tpdhbapy; nra;ag;gLk; Ntiyapd; msT kpd;jpwd; vdg;gLk;. ,jd; myF thl;.

kpd;dhw;wy;: kpd;dhw;wy; vd;gJ Ntiy nra;Ak; jpwikahFk;. ,jd; myF [{y;. eilKiwapy; kpd;dhw;wypd; myF thl; kzp my;yJ fpNyh thl; kzpahFk;.thl; kPl;lh;:

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kpd;jpwid mstplg; gad;gLk; fUtp thl; kPl;luhFk;. epiyahfg; nghUj;jg;gl;l xU Nrhb fk;gpr; RUs;fSf;fpilNa xU ,aq;ff;$ba fk;gpr;RUs; cs;sJ.

,f;fk;gpr; RUs;fspy; kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk;NghJ> ,aq;F RUSld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sFwpKs;spy; Vw;gLk; tpyf;fkhdJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kpd;jpwDf;F Neh;j;jftpy; mikAk;.

kpd;dhw;gFj;jy;:/ ghuNlapd; kpd;dhw;gFj;jy; tpjpfs;: (Mar ’06), (Jun’10) Kjy; tpjp

kpd;dhw;gFj;jypd; NghJ kpd;thapy; ntspg;gLk; nghUspd; epiwahdJkpd;gF jputj;jpd; topNa ghAk; kpd;D}l;lj;jpw;F Neh;j;jftpy; mikAk;. kpd; Ntjpa vz; ( z ) tiuaiw :

kpd;gF jputk; xd;wpd; topNa 1 $Yk; kpd;D}l;lk; nry;Yk;NghJ ntspg;gLk; jdpkj;jpd; epiwahFk;. ,jd; myF kg C-1. ,uz;lhk; tpjp :

kpd;gF jputj;jpd; topNa Fwpg;gpl;l msT kpd;D}l;lk; nrYj;jg;gLk;NghJ> xU kpd;thapy; ntspg;gLk; jdpkj;jpd; epiw> mj;jdpkj;jpd; Ntjpa ,izkhw;Wf;FNeh;j;jftpy; mikAk;.

/ghuNlapd; kpd;dhw;gFj;jy; tpjpfis rhpghh;j;jy; :Kjy; tpjpia rhpghh;j;jy; : (June’08), (Oct’09)

kpd;gFg;Gf; fyDld; kpd;fy mLf;F> rhtp> kpd;jilkhw;wp kw;Wk; mk;kPl;lh; Mfpait njhluhf ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

vjph; kpd;tha; jfl;il ed;whf fOtp cyu itj;J mjd; epiw fhzg;gLfpwJ.

mjid kPz;Lk; nghUj;jpagpd; I1 msT kpd;Ndhl;lk; t fhy mstpw;F nrYj;jg; gLfpwJ. vjpu;kpd;thia ntspNa vLj;J ed;whf ePhpy; myrp> cyu itj;J mjd; epiw fhzg;gLfpwJ.

,jpypUe;J I1 kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpdhy; ntspg;gLk; jdpkj;jpd; epiw m1 vdf; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

kpd;Ndhl;l mstpid kl;Lk; I2 vd khw;wp mNj fhy mst t f;F Kd;NghyNt Nrhjid jpUk;gTk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. jw;NghJ ntspg;gLk; jdpkj;jpd; epiw m2 vd;f. .

= vd miktijf; fhzyhk;.

(1)kpd;Ndhl;lk; XNu msthf itf;fg;gLfpwJ. t1 kw;Wk; t2 vd;w ntt;NtW fhy msTfSf;F Kd;NghyNt Nrhjid kPz;Lk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

ntspg;gLk; jdpkj;jpd; epiwfs; KiwNa m3 kw;Wk; m4 vdpy;>

= vd miktijf; fhzyhk;.

(2)

rkd;ghLfs; (1) kw;Wk; (2) ypUe;J m I t my;yJ m q vd mwpayhk;. ,jd; %yk; / ghuNl kpd;dhw;gFg;G Kjy;tpjp rhpghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (29) _ _ ,uz;lhk; tpjpia rhpghh;j;jy; : (June ’06), (Mar’08)

vjph; kpd;tha;fis Kjypy; ed;whffOtp cyu itj;J mtw;wpd; epiwfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

mtw;iw nghUj;jpagpd; rpwpJ Neuj;jpw;Fkpd;Ndhl;lk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.

gpd;dh; vjpu;kpd;tha;fis ntspNa vLj;J ed;whf ePhpy; myrp> cyu itj;J mtw;wpd; epiwfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,jpypUe;J kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpdhy; ntspg;gLk;jhkpuj;jpd; epiw m1 vd;f. nts;spapd; epiw m2

vd;f.

,g;NghJ =

vd miktijf;fhzyhk;. / m E .

,jd; %yk; / ghuNl kpd;dhw;gFg;G ,uz;lhk; tpjp rhpghh;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

Nldpay; kpd;fyd;: (Mar’08), (Oct’08), (Jun’09), (Jun’10) mikg;G

Ez;Jis ghj;jpuk; xd;wpDs; ePh;j;j fe;jf mkpyj;jpy; Jj;jehfj; jz;L itf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;j mikg;ghdJ xU jhkpug; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; cs;s njtpl;ba jhkpu ry;/Ngl;; fiurypy; itf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Neu;kpd;tha; : jhkpug; ghj;jpuk;vjph;kpd;tha; : Jj;jehfj; jz;L kpd;gF jputk; : jhkpu ry;/Ngl;; fiury;

nray;ghL : Jj;jehfj; jz;L fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; tpidGupe;J Zn++ madpfisAk; ,U vyf;l;uhd;fisAk;

jUk;. ,e;j vyf;l;uhd;fs; Jj;jehfj;jz;by; ,Uf;Fk;. Zn ++ madpfs; Ez;Jisfspy; CLUtpr; nrd;W jhkpu ry;/Ngl; fiurYld; tpidGupe;J Cu +

+ madpfis cUthf;Fk;. ,e;j Cu ++madpfs; jhkpug; ghj;jpuj;jpy; gbAk;. kpd;fyj;jpy; ,Ue;J kpd;Ndhl;lk; ngWk;NghJ Jj;jehfj; jz;by; gbe;j vyf;l;uhd;fs;

kpd;Rw;W ,izg;Gf; fk;gpapd; topahf nrd;W jhkpu madpfis eLepiyahf;Fk;.vdNt ntspr; Rw;wpy; kpd;Ndhl;lk; jhkpuj;jpypUe;J - Jj;jehfj;jpw;F gha;fpwJ.

Nldpay; kpd;fyj;jpd; kpd;dpaf;F tpir 1.08 Nthy;l;.

nyf;yhQ;rp kpd;fyd;: (July’07)mikg;G :

fhh;gd; jz;bidr; Rw;wp khq;fdPR il-Mf;i]L kw;Wk; fhh;gd; J}s; fye;j fyit itf;fg;gl;L mit xU Ez;Jisg; ghz;lj;jpDs; nghUj;jg;gLfpwJ.

,e;j mikg;ghdJ njtpl;ba epiyapy; cs;s mNkhdpak; FNshiuL fiurypYs;s Jj;jehfj; jz;L cila fz;zhbg; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; itf;fg;gLfpw.J.

Neu;kpd;tha; : fhh;gd; jz;L vjph;kpd;tha; : Jj;jehfj; jz;Lkpd;gF jputk; : mNkhdpak; FNshiuL;


12 -PHY-TM 2. (30) __ nray;ghL :

Mf;]p[Ndw;wj;jpd; %yk; Jj;jehfj; jz;by; Zn mZf;fs; Zn ++ madpfshfTk; ,U vyf;;l;uhd;fshfTk; khw;wkilfpd;wd.

Zn ++ madpfs; mNkhdpak; FNshiuLld; fPo;f;fz;lthW tpidGhpfpd;wd.

mNkhdpah thA ntspapy; nrd;W tpLfpwJ. i`l;u[d; madpfs; Ez;Jisfspy; CLUtpr; nrd;W>khq;fdPR-il-Mf;i]Lld; tpidGupe;J fhh;gd; jz;bid Neh; kpd;D}l;;lk; milar; nra;fpwJ.

kpd;fyj;jpy; ,Ue;J kpd;Ndhl;lk; ngWk;NghJ Jj;jehfj; jz;by; gbe;j vyf;l;uhd;fs; ,izg;Gf; fk;gpapd; topahf nrd;W fhh;gd; jz;bd; Neu;madpfis eLepiyahf;Fk;. vdNt ntspr; Rw;wpy; kpd;Ndhl;lk; fhh;gdpypUe;J - Jj;jehfj;jpw;F gha;fpwJ.

nyf;yhQ;rp kpd;fyj;jpd; kpd;dpaf;F tpir 1.5 Nthy;l; ,jd; kpd;Ndhl;lk; 0.25 A

fhHPa mkpy Nrkf;fyk;: (Oct’07)mikg;G :

,jpy; cWjpahd ,ug;gh; my;yJ

Zn ++ + 2 NH4Cl 2 NH3 ↑ + ZnCl2 + 2 H + + 2 e -

fz;zhbahyhd ghj;jpuj;jpy; ePh;j;j fe;jf mkpyk; cs;sJ.

mjDs; nkd;ikj; jd;ik nfhz;l fhHPaj;jz;Lk; fhhPa Mf;i]L jz;Lk; nghUj;jg; gl;Ls;sd.

jFe;j kpd;fhg;Gg; nghUs;fs; %yk; ,itgphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.vdNt ,e;j kpd;fyj;jpd; mfkpd;jil Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. (uõÛ¯[QPÎÀ £¯ß£k® ªßP» AkUSPÎß AP ªßuøh SøÓÁõP Ç¨£x Hß?)

Neu;kpd;tha; : fhHPa Mf;i]L (PbO2)vjph;kpd;tha; : nkd;ikj; jd;ik nfhz;l fhHpak; (Pb)kpd;gF jputk; : ePh;j;j fe;jf mkpyk; (H2SO4)

nray; tpsf;fk; ( vjph; kpd;thapy; ) Mf;]p[Ndw;wj;jpd; %yk; fhHPak; fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; tpidGhpe;J fhhPa ry;/Ngl;

kw;Wk; ,U vyf;l;uhd;fisj; jUk;.

nray; tpsf;fk; : Neh; kpd;thapy; Mf;]p[d; ,wf;f tpid %yk; fhhPa Mf;i]L fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; tpidGhpe;J fhhPa

ry;/Ngl; kw;Wk; ,uz;L Neu;kpd; madpfisj; jUk;.

vjpu;kpd;thapy;:kpd;fyj;jpypUe;J kpd;Ndhl;lk; ngWk;NghJ vjpu;kpd;thapYs;s ,U vyf;l;uhd;fs;

,izg;Gf; fk;gpapd; topahf nrd;W Neu;kpd;thapYs;s madpfis eLepiyahf;Fk;. vdNt ntspr;Rw;wpy; kuG kpd;Ndhl;lk; Neh;kpd;thapypUe;J vjph;kpd;thapw;Fg; ghAk;.

Gjpajhf kpd;Ndw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l epiyapy; kpd;fyj;jpd; kpd;dpaf;F tpir 2.2 V. kpd;gFjputj;jpd; xg;glh;j;jp 1.28.

,e;jkpd;fyd; %yk; mjpf kpd;Ndhl;lk; ngw;W kpd;dpwf;fk; nra;Ak;NghJ kpd;dpaf;F tpir 2 V Mff; FiwAk;

fhhPa mkpy Nrkf;fyj;ij kpd;Ndw;wk; nra;Ak;NghJ Ntjp tpidfs; kPs epfo;fpd;wd.Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (31) _ _ Jiz kpd;fyq;fspd; gad;ghLfs; ;: (Oct’06), (Oct’08)

Jiz kpd;fyq;fspd; mfkpd;jil kpfTk; FiwT. vdNt Njitf;Nfw;gmjpfkpd;Ndhl;lj;ij Vw;gLj;jty;yd. mjpf kpd;Ndhl;lk; Njitg;gLk;,lq;fspy; ,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

,tw;wpd; gz;Gfspy; khw;wk; VJkpd;wp mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; mtw;iw kPz;Lk;kPz;Lk; kpd;Nd;wwk; nra;ayhk;.

fhu;fs;> ,U rf;fu thfdq;fs;> buf;Ffs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; gad;gLfpd;wd. kpd;dOj;jkhdpapy; jhkpuf;fk;gp gad;glhJ. Vd; ?

jhkpuj;jpd; kpd;jil vz; FiwT. Mdhy; kpd;jil ntg;gepiy vz;mjpfk;. jhkpuf;fk;gp vdpy; ntg;gepiy cau;thy; kpd;jil cau;e;J tpLk;. vdNt jhkpuf;fk;gpiag; gad;gLj;j ,ayhJ.

Kjd;ik kpd;fyd;> Jiz kpd;fyd; NtWgLj;Jf.

Kjd;ik kpd;fyd; Jiz kpd;fyd;

1kpd;Ndw;wk; nra;a ,ayhJ kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; kpd;Ndw;wk; nra;a

,aYk;

2 mfkpd;jil mjpfk; mfkpd;jil FiwT

3 njhlh;e;J kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij ngw ,ayhJ njhlh;e;J kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij ngw ,aYk;

4 Fiwthd kpd;Ndhl;lk; jUgit mjpf kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij jUgit

jhdpaq;fpfspy; gad;gLk; kpd;fy mLf;Ffspd; mfkpd;jil FiwT Vd;?vdNt> kpd;fy mLf;Ffspy;> jFe;j kpd;fhg;Gg; nghUs;fspd; %yk; kpd;tha;fs;

gphpf;fg;gl;L> Fiwe;j mfkpd;jiliaj; jUk; tifapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. (fhh; Nghd;w jhdpaq;fpfspd; njhlf;f ,af;fj;jpw;F mjpf kpd;Ndhl;lk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.)

1. 60 C AÍÄÒÍ ªßÞmh® J¸ ªßÂÍUQß ÁÈ÷¯ 2 {ªh[PÐUSa ö\ßÓõÀ, ªßÂÍUQÀ ö\À¾® ªß÷Úõmh® (BB) (a) 30 A (b) 1 A (c) 0.5 A (d) 5 A

2. ªßÞmh[PÒ G¨ö£õ¸Îß ÁÈ÷¯ GÎuõP¨ £õ´¢x ö\À¾®? (BB), (Oct’07) (a) SÁõºmì (b) ø©UPõ (c) öáº©Û¯® (d) uõªµ®

3. Phzv°ß ÁÈ÷¯ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® GuØS ÷|ºzuPÂÀ Aø©²®? (BB) (a) CÊ¨¦ vø\÷ÁP® (b) 1/ SÖUS öÁmk¨ £µ¨¤ß Ç©i. (c) 1/ G»UmµõßPÎß GsoUøP (d) SÖUS öÁmk¨ £µ¨¤ß Ç©i

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5. SÔ¨¤mh }Í® öPõsh uõªµU P®¤°ß ªßuøh R . Auß }Í® Ç©h[PõUP¨£k® ÷£õx Auß ªßuøh Gs (BB) (Oct’06), (Jun’08), (Oct’09), (Mar’10) (a) Ç ©h[PõS® (b) |õßQÀ J¸ £[PõS® (c) |õßS ©h[PõS® (d) ©õÖ£hõx

6. Ç 2 Ω ªßuøhPÒ £UP Cøn¨¤À Ç¢uõÀ, öuõS£¯ß ªßuøh (BB) (Oct’08) (a) 2 Ω (b) 4 Ω (c) 1 Ω (d) 0.5 Ω

7. öÁ¨£{ø» SøÓ²® ÷£õx, ªßPõ¨¦¨ ö£õ¸ÒPÎß ußªßuøh Gs.... (BB) (Mar’08),

(Mar’09) (a) SøÓ²® (b) AvP›US® (c) ©õÖ£hõx (d) _È¯õS®


12 -PHY-TM 2. (32) __ 8. 0 oC À P®¤a _¸Îß ªßuøh2 Ω ©ØÖ® α = 0.004 / oC GÛÀ 100 oC À Auß ªßuøh

(BB) (a) 1.4 Ω (b) 0 Ω (c) 4 Ω (d) 2.8 Ω

9. L£õµ÷h°ß ªßÚõØ£SzuÀ Âv¨£i, ªß£S vµÁzvß ÁÈ÷¯ ªß÷Úõmh® ö\À¾®÷£õx, GvºªßÁõ°À £i²® A¯ÛPÎß {øÓ Gøua \õº¢ux AÀ»? (BB) (a) ªß÷Úõmh® (b) ªßÞmh® (c) Põ»® (d) ªßuøh

10. \©©v¨¦ ªßuøh (R) Eøh¯ n ªß uøhPÒ öuõh›øn¨¤À Ç¨¤ß, öuõS£¯ß ªßuøh (BB) (a) n/R (b) R/n (c) 1/nR (d) nR

11. 10 cm }Í® öPõsh E÷»õPUP®¤°ß P®¤°ß ªßuøh 0.5 Ω, Cx 50 cm }Í•øh¯ P®¤¯õP ^µõP }mh¨£kQÓx GÛÀ ªßuøh°ß ©v¨¦....... (BB), (Mar’06) (a) 25 Ω (b) 10 Ω (c) 5 Ω (d) 50 Ω

12. Põº£ß ªßuøh¯õUQ°ß «x SÔUP¨£mkÒÍ {ÓUSÔ±hõÚx ]Á¨¦ -]Á¨¦ - P¸ø©. A¢u ªßuøh¯õUQ°ß ªßuøh..... (BB), (Jul’06) (a) 2.2 Ω (b) 22 Ω (c) 220 Ω (d) 2.2 k Ω

13. Põº£ß ªßuøh¯õUQ°À J¸ •øÚ°À EÒÍ £Ê¨¦ {Ó ÁøÍ¯® SÔUS® , ªßuøh°ß ©õÖ£õmk AÍøÁõÚx ....... (BB), (Mar’07) (a) 1 % (b) 2 % (c) 5 % (d) 10 %

14. ªßPhzx Gsoß A»S .... (BB), (Jun’07) (a) mho (b) ohm (c) ohm-m (d) mho-m-1

15. ghjurj;jpd; ngaHTntg;g epiy (Jun’09) (a) 4.20C (b) 4.2 K (c) 2.40C (d) 2.4 K

16. xU kpd;jilahf;fp topahf ghAk; khWjpir kpd;Ndhl;lkj;jpd; rms kjpg;G 5 A. mjd; ngUk kjpg;G …… (Mar’10) (a) 3.536 A (b) 70.7 A (c) 7.07 A (d) 7 A

,e;j glq;fspy; cs;s gpiofis rhpnra;a Kaw;rpf;fyhNk!! Ngdhth! ngd;rpy; vL!!


4.ªßPõ¢uz ysh¾® ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh•®Põ¢u¨ £õ¯® (Áøµ¯øÓ) :

Põ¢u¨¦»® B&À øÁUP¨£mh ‰h¨£mh £µ¨ø£ (A) Ph¢x ö\À¾® Põ¢uÂø\ ÷PõkPÎß GsoUøP £µ¨¦hß öuõhº¦ öPõsh Põ¢u¨ £õ¯® ( ), GßÖ Áøµ¯ÖUP¨£kQÓx

Põ¢u¨ £õ¯zvß A»S öÁ£º (weber)

ªßPõ¢uz yshÀ vd;why; vd;d? (Mar’08) ªß_ØÖhß öuõhº¦ öPõsh Põ¢u¨£õ¯zvÀ ©õØÓ[PÒ HØ£k® ö£õÊx ªßÛ¯US

Âø\ ysh¨£k® {PÌÄ ªßPõ¢uz yshÀ GÚ¨£kQÓx. A¢u ‰h¨£mh £õøu°À E¸ÁõS® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\

GÚ¨£k®. £õøu°À £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® ysh¨£mh ªß÷Úõmh® GÚ¨£k ®.

ªßPõ¢uz yshÀ £ØÔ¯ L£õµ÷h ÂvPÒ: (Jun’06), (Jun’07), (Oct’07), (Mar’08), (Oct’08)

•uÀ Âv : J¸ ‰h¨£mh _Ø÷Óõk öuõhº¦ öPõsh Põ¢u¨£õ¯® ©õÖ®ö£õÊx A¢u _ØÔÀ

ªßÛ¯US Âø\ ysh¨£kQÓx. Põ¢u¨ £õ¯zvÀ ©õØÓ® {PÌ¢x öPõsi¸US® Áøµ°À ©mk÷© ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\ }iUS®.

Cµshõ® Âv:

= BA cos θ

‰h¨£mh _ØÔÀ ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\°ß Gs ©v¨¦, _ØÖhß öuõhº¦ öPõsh Põ

¢u¨£õ¯® ©õÖ® ÃuzvØS ÷|ºzuPÂÀ ÇUS®.

ö»ßì Âv : (Mar’08), (Oct’08), (Jun’10)

J¸ _ØÔÀ ysh¨£mh ªß÷Úõmhzvß vø\, G¨÷£õx® Aøu E¸ÁõUPU Põµn©õP Ç¢u

Põ¢u¨£õ¯ ©õØÓzøu GvºUS® ÁøP°À Aø©²®.

L¤öÍª[ Á»xøP Âv : (ªßÛ¯ØÔ Âv) : (Mar’07), (Mar’09), (Oct’09), (Mar’10)

Á»x øP°ß BÒPõmi ÂµÀ, |kÂµÀ ©ØÖ® ö£¸ÂµÀ BQ¯ ‰ßøÓ²® JßÖUöPõßÖ ö\[SzuõP øÁzxU öPõsk, BÒPõmi ÂµÀ Põ¢u¨¦»zvß vø\ø¯²®, ö£¸ÂµÀ Phzv C¯[S® vø\ø¯²® SÔ¨£uõPU öPõshõÀ |kÂµ»õÚx ysh¨£mh ªß÷Úõmhzvß vø\ø¯U SÔUS® .

uß ªß yshÀ : (Áøµ¯øÓ) :J¸ P®¤a _¸ÎÀ £õ²® ªß÷ÚõmhzvÀ ©õØÓ® HØ£k®ö£õÊx AUP®¤a _¸ÎÀ J¸ Gvº

ªßÛ¯USÂø\ ysh¨£k® {PÌÄ uß ªßyshÀ GÚ¨£k®.

uß ªßyshÀ Gs : (Áøµ¯øÓ) : (Jun’09)P®¤a _¸Ò JßÔÀ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® J¸ Â|õiUS J¸ B®¤¯º GßÓ ÃuzvÀ

©õÖ® ö£õÊx AUP®¤a _¸ÎÀ ysh¨£k® Gvº ªßÛ¯US Âø\ GsnÍÂÀ Aa_¸Îß uß ªßyshÀ GsoØSa \©® BS®. uß ªß yshÀ Gsoß A»S öíßÔ BS®.

ußªßyshÀ Gsoß A»S Áøµ¯øÓ (öíßÔ Áøµ¯øÓ)

P®¤a _¸Ò JßÔÀ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® J¸ ÂÚõiUS J¸ B®¤¯º GßÓ ÃuzvÀ ©õÖ®÷£õx, AUP®¤a _¸ÎÀ ysh¨£k® Gvº ªßÛ¯US Âø\ 1 ÷ÁõÀm GÚ Aø©²©õÚõÀ, Aa_¸Îß ußªßyshÀ Gs 1 öíßÔ BS®.

£›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ : (Áøµ¯øÓ) :J¸ _¸ÎÀ £õ²® ªß÷ÚõmhzvÀ ©õØÓ® HØ£k®ö£õÊx ©ØöÓõ¸ _¸ÎÀ ªßÛ¯USÂø\

ysh¨£k® {PÌÄ £›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ GÚ¨£k®.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM 4.ªßPõ¢uz ysh¾® ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh•® (34) __

£›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ Gs : (Áøµ¯øÓ) : _¸Ò JßÔÀ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® J¸ Â|õiUS J¸ B®¤¯º GßÓ

ÃuzvÀ ©õÖ®ö£õÊx ©ØöÓõ¸ _¸ÎÀ ysh¨£k® Gvº ªßÛ¯USÂø\ GsnÍÂÀ AÆÂ¸ _¸ÒPÐUS Cøh÷¯ EÒÍ £›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ GsoØSa \©©õS®.

£›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ Gsoß A»S öíßÔ BS®.

Ç P®¤a _¸ÒPÐUQøh÷¯ EÒÍ £›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ Gs \õº¢xÒÍ PõµoPÒ : (i) _¸Îß £›©õn®, ÁiÁ®, _ØÖPÎß GsoUøP ©ØÖ® EÒÍP©õP¨ £¯ß£k® ö£õ¸Îß

Põ¢u Em¦SvÓß BQ¯ÁØøÓa \õº¢ux. (ii) P®¤a _¸ÒPÒ JßÖUöPõßÖ GÆÁÍÄ A¸QÀ EÒÍÚ Gß£uøÚa \õº¢ux.

ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\ø¯ E¸ÁõUS® •øÓPÒ (¯õøÁ? ): (Mar ’06)(i) Põ¢uz yshø» (B) ©õØÖÁuß ‰»®,

(ii) _¸Ò EÒÍhUQ¯ £µ¨¤øÚ (A) ©õØÖÁuß ‰»® ©ØÖ®

(iii) Põ¢u¨¦»zøu¨ ö£õÖzx _¸Îß vø\ Aø©¨ø£ (θ) ©õØÖÁuß ‰»®

ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯UP Âø\ø¯¨ ö£Ó»õ®.

_¸Ò EÒÍh[Q¯ £µ¨ø£ ©õØÖÁuß ‰»® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ø¯z yskuÀ (Jun’07), (Oct’07), (Oct’08), (Mar’09)

PQRS GßÓ Phzv £hzvÀ Põmi²ÒÍ ÁiÁzvÀ ÁøÍUP¨ £mkÒÍx.

L1 M1 Gß£x l }Í•øh¯ |ÊÄ® Phzv PQ ©ØÖ® RS GßÓ ¦¯[PÎß «x øÁUP¨£mkÒÍx.

B GßÓ ^µõÚ Põ¢u¨¦»® Phzv°ß uÍzvØS SzuõPa ö\¯À£kQÓx.

|ÊÄ® Phzv dt Põ» AÍÂÀ dx öuõø»Ä |P¸QÓx. Phzv EÒÍhUS® £µ¨¤À ©õÖ£õk L2L1M1M2 BS®. £µ¨¤À ©õÖ£õk, dA = l dx Põ¢u¨£õ¯ ©õØÓ®, d = B.dA = B l dx

BÚõÀ

CvÀ v Gß£x |ÊÄ® Phzv |P¸® vø\÷ÁP® BS®.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (35) _ _ Põ¢u¨¦»zvß _¸Îß vø\¯ø©¨ø£ ©õØÖÁuß ‰»® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ø¯z ysk® •øÓø¯ ÂÁ› : (June’08), (Oct’09), (Mar10), (Jun’10)

PQRS Gß£x N _ØÖPøÍ²® A SÖUS¨ £µ¨ø£²® öPõsh ö\ÆÁP ÁiÁ P®¤a _¸Ò BS®. Cx B GßÓ ^µõÚ Põ¢u¨ ¦»zvÀ øÁUP¨£mkÒÍx.

C¢uU P®¤a _¸Ò, Põ¢u¨¦»zvØS ö\[SzuõP Aø©¢u Aaø\¨£ØÔ ω GßÓ ÷Põnzvø\÷ÁPzxhß Á»g_È¯õP _ÇØÓ¨£kQÓx.

öuõhUPzvÀ P®¤a _¸Ò ö\[SzuõÚ {ø»°À EÒÍx GÚU öPõshõÀ _¸Îß SzxU÷Põk Põ¢u¨¦»zxhß HØ£kzx® ÷Põn® _È BS®.

t GßÓ Põ»zvÀ _¸ÍõÚx (θ = ω t) ÷Põn® _ÇØÓ¨£kQÓx. A¨÷£õx

_¸Ðhß öuõhº¦ öPõsh Põ¢u¨£õ¯® GÛÀ ,

= NBA cos θ

ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\,

ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\°ß ö£¸© ©v¨¦

E0 = NABω

GÚ÷Á ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\

e = E0 sin ωt

Põ»® t I¨ ö£õÖzx ysh¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ e ¯õÚx Aø» ÁiÁzvÀ ©õÖQÓx.

Auß AvºöÁs ν _ØÖPÒ / ÂÚõi BS®.

(i) ωt = 0 GßÓ {ø»°À, _¸Îß uÍ®, B GßÓ Põ¢u¨¦»zvØS SzuõP EÒÍx.

GÚ÷Á e = 0.

(ii) ωt = π/2 GßÓ {ø»°À, _¸Îß uÍ®, B GßÓ Põ¢u¨¦»zvØS Cøn¯õP EÒÍx

GÚ÷Á e = E0.

(iii) ωt = π GßÓ {ø»°À, _¸Îß uÍ®, B GßÓ Põ¢u¨¦»zvØS ö\[÷PõnzvÀ EÒÍx

GÚ÷Á e = 0.

(iv) ωt = 3π/2 GßÓ {ø»°À _¸Îß uÍ® «sk® Põ¢u¨¦»zvØS Cøn¯õP EÒÍx.

GÚ÷Á e = -Eo.

(v) ωt = 2π GßÓ {ø»°À, _¸Îß }Í® «sk® B GßÓ Põ¢u¨¦»zvØS ö\[SzuõP EÒÍx.

GÚ÷Á e = 0.

_¸Îß •øÚPÒ R GßÓ ªßuøh ‰»©õP ¦Óa_ØÖhß CønUP¨£k® ö£õÊx Aa_ØÔÀ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh•® ø\ß ÁøÍ÷PõhõP Aø©²®.


J¸ Pmh AC ªßÛ¯ØÔ : (Mar’07), (Jun’07), (Oct’07), (Mar’08)C¯¢vµ BØÓø» ªßÚõØÓ»õP ©õØÓ EuÄ® P¸Â ac ªßÛ¯ØÔ¯õS®.

uzxÁ®:P®¤a _¸Ò JßÖ ^µõÚ Põ¢u¨¦»zvÀ _ÇØÓ¨£k®

÷£õx AvÀ ªßÛ¯US Âø\ ysh¨£k® GßÓ ªßPõ¢uz

yshÀ uzxÁzvß Ai¨£øh°À ªßÛ¯ØÔ ö\¯À£kQÓx.

AC ªßÛ¯ØÔ°ß Aø©¨¦: (i) _ÇÀ _¸Ò

_ÇÀ _¸Ò Gß£x uPkPÍõÀ BÚ ÷uÛ¸®¦ EÒÍPzvß

«x AvP GsoUøP°À ªßPõ¨¦øh¯ uõªµU P®¤¯õÀ

_ØÓ¨£mh ö\ÆÁP ÁiÁ P®¤a _¸Ò BS®.

(ii) ¦»U Põ¢u®vÓß SøÓ¢u øhÚ÷©õÂÀ J¸ {ø»¯õÚ Põ¢uzvß

‰»® ÷uøÁ¯õÚ Põ¢u¨¦»® E¸ÁõUP¨£kQÓx. AvP vÓß öPõsh øhÚ÷©õÂÀ ªßPõ¢u®

£¯ß£kzu¨£kQÓx.

(iii) |ÊÄ ÁøÍ¯[PÒ

_ÇÀ _¸Îß Cµsk •øÚPÐ® R1 ©ØÖ® R2 GßÓ Cµsk EÒÏhØÓ E÷»õP ÁøÍ¯[PÐhß CønUP¨£mkÒÍÚ. C¢u ÁøÍ¯[PÒ _ÇÀ_¸Îß Aa_hß ö£õ¸zu¨ £mkÒÍuõÀ _ÇÀ _¸Ðhß ÷\º¢x |ÊÄ ÁøÍ¯[PÐ® _ÇÀQßÓÚ. (iv) y›øPPÒ

B1 ©ØÖ® B2 Gß£Ú Cµsk ö|QÌÄz ußø©²øh¯ E÷»õPz uPkPÒ AÀ»x Põº£ß y›øPPÒ BS®. y›øPPÒ, |ÊÄ ÁøÍ¯[PÐhß Cøn¨ø£ HØ£kzxQßÓÚ.

y›øPPÒ, _ÇÀ _¸ÎÀ E¸ÁõS® ªß÷Úõmhzøu |ÊÄ ÁøÍ¯[PÒ ÁÈ¯õP öÁÎa_ØÔÀ ö\À» EuÄQßÓÚ.÷Áø» ö\´²® Âu®

Põ¢u¨¦»zjpy; P®¤a _¸Îß vø\¯ø©¨¦ ©õÖ® ÷£õx _¸÷Íõk öuõhº¦ öPõsh Põ¢u¨ £õ¯® ©õÖQÓx. AuÚõÀ, P®¤a_¸ÎÀ ªßÛ¯USÂø\ ysh¨£kQÓx.

_ÇÀ _¸Ò ABCD öuõhUPzvÀ ö\[SzuõÚ {ø»°À EÒÍx. Cx Chg_È¯õP _ÇØÓ¨£kQÓx. _¸Îß AB GßÓ £Sv RÌ÷|õUQ²® DC GßÓ £Sv ÷©À÷|õUQ²® |P¸®.

L¤öÍª[ Á»x øP Âv °ß£i AB GßÓ ¦¯zvÀ ysh¨£k® ªß÷Úõmh® B °¼¸¢x A US®, CD °À ysh¨£mh ªß÷Úõmh® D °¼¸¢x CUS® £õ²®. GÚ÷Á P®¤a _¸ÎÀ ªß÷Úõmh® DCBA GßÓ vø\°À £õ²®. öÁÎa_ØÔÀ ªß÷Úõmh® B1 ¼¸¢x B2US £õ²®.

_ÇÀ _¸Ò ÷©¾® _ÇØÓ¨£k®÷£õx, _¸Îß ¦¯® AB ÷©À ÷|õUQ²® DC RÌ÷|õUQ²® |P¸®. C¨÷£õx, _ÇÀ _¸ÎÀ ªß÷Úõmh® ABCD GßÓ vø\°À £õ²®. öÁÎa_ØÔÀ ªß÷Úõmh® B2 ¼¸¢x B1US £õ²®. ªß÷Úõmh®, _¸Îß JÆöÁõ¸ Aøµa _ØÖUS® uß vø\ø¯ ©õØÔU öPõs÷h ÇUS®. Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (37) _ _ _ÇÀ _¸Ò J¸ ÂÚõi°À ν _ÇØ]PøÍ •iUS©õÚõÀ ν _ØÖPÒ / Â|õi AvºöÁs öPõsh

©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh® E¸ÁõUP¨£k®. G¢u J¸ Pnzv¾® ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\

e = E0 sin ωtªßÛ¯US Âø\°ß ö£¸© ©v¨¦

E0= NBAωCvÀ N Gß£x _¸ÎÀ EÒÍ _ØÖPÎß GsoUøP

A Gß£x _¸Ò EÒÍh[S® £µ¨£ÍÄ

B Gß£x Põ¢u¨£õ¯® ©ØÖ®

ω Gß£x _¸Îß ÷Põnzvø\÷ÁP©õS®.

_ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh[PÒ : (÷£õPõÀm ªß÷Úõmh®): (Mar’09)

E÷»õPU Pmi JßÖ Põ¢u¨¦»zvÀ C¯[S® ö£õÊx E÷»õPU Pmi°ÝÒ ªß÷Úõmh®

ysh¨£kQÓx. C¢u ªß÷Úõmh®, }ºa_ÇÀ ÷£õßÓ ‰h¨£mh £õøu°À £õ´QÓx. GÚ÷Á,

CÆÁøP ªß÷Úõmh® _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõm h® GÚ AøÇUP¨£kQÓx.

_ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmhzvß £¯ßPÒ: (Mar’07), (Mar’09)

(i) Aø»Â»õ PõÀÁÚõ «mhº: J¸ PõÀÁÚõ «mhº ÁÈ÷¯ ªß÷Úõmhzøua ö\¾zvÚõÀ P®¤a_¸Ò Aø»ÄÖ®.

EhÚi¯õP Aø»ÄPøÍ {Özu P®¤U _¸ÍõÚx J¸ E÷»õPa \mhzvß «x _ØÓ¨£kQÓx. P®¤a_¸Ò Â»PÀ Aøh²® ÷£õx E÷»õPa \mhzvÀ _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh[PÒ E¸ÁõS®. uØ÷£õx HÓzuõÇ Aø»ÄPÒ EhÚi¯õP {ßÖ ÂkÁuõÀ Cx Aø»Â»õ PõÀÁÚõ «mhº GÚ¨£k®.(ii) yshÀ Eø» :

CvÀ AvP AvºöÁs öPõsh ©õÖ® C¯À¦øh¯ Põ¢u¨¦»® E¸ÁõUP¨£kQÓx GÚ÷Á CvÀ øÁUP¨£k® ö£õ¸ÎÀ Á¼ø©¯õÚ _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh® E¸ÁõQÓx. ªß÷Úõmhzvß öÁ¨£ ÂøÍÁõÀ E÷»õP® E¸SQÓx.(iii) yshÀ ªß÷©õmhõºPÒ : RoYfpd;w fhe;jg;Gyj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;l cNyhf cUisapy; cUthFk; Roy; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpdhy; cUis Roy njhlq;FfpwJ. Kjypy; cUisapd; Row;rp ,k;khw;wj;ij vjph;f;fpwJ. Mdhy; fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; Row;rp njhlh;tjhy; cNyhf cUis njhlh;e;J Roy;fpwJ. ,e;j jj;Jtj;jpd;gb ,aq;Fk; Nkhl;lhh; kpd;tprpwpfspy; gad;gLfpwJ.

(iv) ªßPõ¢uz uøhPÒ :Cµ°À Ási°ß \UPµ[PÐhß J¸ EÒÏhØÓ E÷»õP E¸øÍ CønUP¨£mkÒÍx. Cµ°À Ási

C¯UPzvÀ EÒÍ÷£õx \UPµzxhß E¸øÍ²® ÷\º¢x _Ç¾®. uøhø¯ ö\¯À£kzx®÷£õx Á¼ø©¯õÚ Põ¢u¨¦»® E¸ÁõUP¨£mk E¸øÍ°À _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh[PÒ E¸ÁõUP¨£kQßÓÚ. C¢u _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh[PÒ E¸øÍ°ß C¯UPzøu GvºUS®. GÚ÷Á, Cµ°À Ási K´Ä {ø»US Á¸QÓx. (v) ÷ÁP® Põmk® P¸Â :

,jpy; thfdj;jpd; Ntfj;jpw;F Vw;g fhe;jk; xd;W Roy;fpwJ. ,e;jf; fhe;jkhdJ> FwpKs; nghUj;jg;gl;l xU mYkpdpa cUisapDs; Roy;fpwJ. vdNt mYkpdpa cUisapy; Roy; kpd;Ndhl;lq;fs; cUthFk;. ,e;j kpd;Ndhl;lq;fs; RoYk; fhe;jj;jpd; ,af;fj;ij vjph;f;fpd;wd. ,jd; fhuzkhf> cUisapd; kPJ xU jpUg;Gtpir Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;jj; jpUg;GtpirahdJ thfdj;jpd; Ntfj;jpw;F Vw;g miktjhy;> FwpKs;; fhl;Lk; msT> thfdj;jpd; Ntfj;ijf; fhl;Lk;.


ªß©õØÔ°ß Aø©¨¦ ©ØÖ® öPõÒøPø¯ ÂÍUS. ªß©õØÔ°À HØ£k® vÓß CÇ¨¦PøÍ ÂÍUS: (Mar’06), (Jun’10)

SøÓ¢u ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzuzøu AvP ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzu©õPÄ®, AvP ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzuzøu SøÓ¢u ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzu©õPÄ® ©õØÓ EuÄ® ªß\õuÚ® ªß©õØÔ GÚ¨£kQÓx.

ªß©õØÔ°ß uzxÁ® : ªß©õØÔ¯õÚx ªßPõ¢uz yshÀ uzxÁzvß Ai¨£øh°À ö\¯À£kQÓx. Aø©¨¦

: ªß©õØÔ°À ÷uÛ¸®¦ EÒÍPzvß «x _ØÓ¨£mh JßÖhß JßÖ ªßöuõhº¦ AØÓ •ußø© ©ØÖ® xøna _¸ÒPÒ EÒÍÚ. (_ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh[PøÍU SøÓUP ö©À¼¯ uPkPÎÚõÀ BÚ ÷uÛ¸®¦ EÒÍP® £¯ß£kzu¨£kQÓx.)

ÂÍUP®:©õÖvø\ EÒÏk ªßÚÊzu® •ußø©a_¸ÐUS uµ¨£kQÓx. •ußø©a_¸ÎÀ öuõhº¢x

©õØÓ©øh¢x öPõs÷h ÇUS® ªß÷Úõmh®, ©õÖ£k® Põ¢u¨£õ¯zøu •ußø©a _¸ÎÀ EshõUS®. Cx xøna _¸Î¾® Põ¢u¨£õ¯ ©õØÓzøu HØ£kzx®. CuÚõÀ xøna _¸ÎÀ ªßÛ¯USÂø\ ysh¨£kQÓx. EP

©ØÖ® ES Gß£Ú •øÓ÷¯ •ußø© ©ØÖ® xøna _¸ÒPÎÀ ysh¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\PÒ GÚÄ®, NP ©ØÖ® NS Gß£Ú •øÓ÷¯ •ußø© ©ØÖ® xøna _¸ÒPÎÀ EÒÍ _ØÖPÎß GsoUøP GÚÄ® öPõÒ÷Áõ®.

•ußø© ©ØÖ® xøna _¸ÒPÐhß J÷µ AÍÄ Põ¢u¨£õ¯® öuõhº¦ öPõskÒÍuõÀ Cµsk _¸ÒPÎ¾® _ØÖ JßÔØPõÚ ysh¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ \©©õP ÇUP ÷Ásk®.

AuõÁx

AÀ»x

J¸ |À¼¯À¦ ªß©õØÔ :US EÒÏk ªßvÓÝ® öÁÎ°k ªßvÓÝ® \©®.

Ep Ip = Es Is

CvÀ Ip ©ØÖ® Is Gß£Ú •ußø© ©ØÖ® xøna _¸ÒPÎÀ ªß÷Úõmh[PÒ BS®.

AuõÁx

\©ß£õkPÒ (1) ©ØÖ® (2) ¼¸¢x

CvÀ k Gß£x ªß©õØÔ ÂQu® GÚ¨£kQÓx.

HØÖ ªß©õØÔ : SøÓ¢u ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzuzøu E¯º¢u ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzu©õP ©õØÖ® Aø©¨¦

HØÖ ªß©õØÔ GÚ¨£k®. ( k > 1)

CÓUS ªß©õØÔ :E¯º¢u ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzuzøu SøÓ¢u ©õÖvø\ ªßÚÊzu©õP ©õØÖ® Aø©¨¦

CÓUS ªß©õØÔ GÚ¨£k®. (k < 1)Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (39) _ _ HØÖ ªß©õØÔ, CÓUS ªß©õØÔ - ÷ÁÖ£õk :

Gs HØÖ ªß©õØÔ CÓUS ªß©õØÔ

1 öÁÎ±k ªßÚÊzuzøu AvP›UQÓx. öÁÎ±k ªßÚÊzuzøu SøÓUQÓx.

2 öÁÎ±k ªß÷ÚõmhzøuU SøÓUQÓxöÁÎ±k ªß÷ÚõmhzøuU

AvP›UQÓx.

3xøna_¸ÎÀ _ØÖUPÒ AvP®

N2 > N1

xøna_¸ÎÀ _ØÖUPÒ SøÓÄN2 < N1

4 ªß©õØÔ ÂQu® k > 1 ªß©õØÔ ÂQu® k < 1

ªß ©õØÔ°ß £¯ÝÖ vÓß :ªß ©õØÔ°ß £¯ÝÖ vÓß Gß£x öÁÎ±k vÓÝUS® EÒÏk vÓÝUS® EÒÍ uPÄ GÚ

Áøµ¯ÖUP¨£kQÓx.

ªß©õØÔ°À HØ£k® vÓß CÇ¨¦PÒ : (Mar’06), (June’06), (Oct’06), (Oct’09)

(1) u¯UP CÇ¨¦ : EÒÏk ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh®, Ç®¦ EÒÍPzøu v¸®£z v¸®£ Põ¢u©õUSÁuõ¾®,

Põ¢uzußø©ø¯ CÇUPa ö\´Áuõ¾® HØ£k® vÓß CÇ¨¦ u¯UP CÇ¨¦ GÚ¨£k®. ª³ö©mhÀ ©ØÖ® ]¼UPß ìjÀ ÷£õßÓ P»¨¦ E÷»õP[PøÍ¨ £¯ß£kzv u¯UP CÇ¨ø£U SøÓUP»õ®.

(2) uõªµ CÇ¨¦ :

•ußø© ©ØÖ® xøna _ØÖPÎÀ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® áüÀ öÁ¨£ÂøÍøÁ HØ£kzx®. GÚ÷Á, ]Ôx BØÓÀ, öÁ¨£ BØÓÀ ÁiÂÀ CÇUP¨£kQÓx. SøÓ¢u AÍÄ ªßuøh öPõsh ui©ÚõÚ P®¤PøÍ £¯ß£kzxÁuß ‰»® CzuøP¯ CÇ¨ø£U SøÓUP»õ®.

(3) _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh CÇ¨¦ (Ç®¦ CÇ¨¦) :©õÖ£k® Põ¢u¨£õ¯®, EÒÍPzvÀ _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmhzøu HØ£kzxQÓx. CuÚõÀ,

BØÓÀ CÇ¨¦ öÁ¨£ ÁiÂÀ HØ£kQÓx. GLQß P»¨¦ E÷»õP©õÚ ìöhÀ»õ´ GßÓ E÷»õPU P»øÁ¯õÀ E¸ÁõUP¨£mh ö©À¼¯ uPkPÎÚõÀ EÒÍPzøu Aø©¨£uß ‰»® C¢u CÇ¨ø£U SøÓUP»õ®.

(4) £õ¯ CÇ¨¦ :•ußø©a _¸ÎÀ E¸ÁõS® Põ¢u¨£õ¯® •ÊÁx®, £õ¯U P]Âß Põµn©õP, xøna _¸Ðhß

öuõhº¦ öPõÒÁvÀø». Cx BØÓÀ CÇ¨ø£ HØ£kzxQÓx. TkÁøP EÒÍPzøu¨ £¯ß£kzxÁß ‰»® CzuøP¯ CÇ¨ø£U SøÓUP»õ®.

(5) J¼ BØÓÀ CÇ¨¦ :EÒÍPzvß AvºÄPÒ Põµn©õP HØ£k® J¼ BØÓÀ CÇ¨¦ HØ£kQÓx.

khWjpir kpd;dpaf;F tpir vd;why; vd;d?:

RUspy; J}z;lg;gLk; kpd;dpaf;F tpir vz; kjpg;gpYk;> jpirapYk; fhyj;ijg; nghWj;J khwpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;gjhy; ,J khWjpir kpd;dpaf;F tpir vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

rpwg;G mk;rk;:

i) kpd;khw;wpfisg; gad;gLj;jp trjpf;F Vw;g khWjpir kpd;dpaf;F tpiria Fiwe;j kpd;dOj;jkhfNth my;yJ mjpf kpd;dOj;jkhfNth khw;w ,aYk;>

ii) Roy;RUspd; Row;rp Ntfj;ij khw;Wtjd; %yk; mjd; mjph;ntz; kjpg;ig khw;wKbAk;.


12 -PHY-TM 4.ªßPõ¢uz ysh¾® ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh•® (40) __ gad;ghLfs;:

(i) ,e;jpahtpy; tPLfSf;F gad;gLk; khWjpir kpd;jpwdpd; mjph;ntz; 50Hz MFk;(ii) njhiyf;fhl;rp xspgug;gpy; xyp kw;Wk; fhl;rpf;fhd iriffis mDg;gg; gad;gLk;

khWjpir kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; mjph;ntz;fs; 100 KHz Kjy; 100 MHz tiu ,Uf;Fk;.

©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmhzvß RMS ©v¨¦ (£¯ÝÖ©v¨¦) \©ß£õku¸Â.: (July’07), (Oct’09)

RMS ©v¨¦: Áø µ ¯Ö : ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh©õÚx J¸ ªßuøh¯õUQ JßÔß ÁÈ¯õP SÔ¨¤mh ÷|µ® £õ²®ö£õÊx E¸ÁõUS® öÁ¨£ BØÓø», A÷u ÷|µzvÀ A÷u ªßuøh°À E¸ÁõUS® ©õÓõu ÷|ºªß÷Úõmhzvß ©v¨¦, ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmhzvß ©v¨¦ rms ©v¨¦ BS®.

I = I0 sin ωt GßÓ ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh® ªßuøh R

ÁÈ¯õP¨ £õ²®÷£õx (dt) Põ»zvÀ E¸ÁõUS® öÁ¨£®

dH = i2 R dt J¸ •Êa _ØÖUS ªßuøh°À E¸ÁõS®

ö©õzu öÁ¨£®

Fwpg;G : xU KOr;Rw;Wf;fhd khWjpir kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; ruhrhp kjpg;G RopahFk;.

C¢u öÁ¨£©õÚx, A÷u ªßuøh¯õUQ°À A÷u Põ»zvÀ ªß÷Úõmhzvß ©v¨¦ E¸ÁõUS® Á¨£zvØSa \©®.

ªßuøh¯õUQ ©mk® Eøh¯ AC _ØÖ: R ªßuøh²øh¯ ªßuøh¯õUQ²hß J¸ ©õÖvø\ ªßÛ¯US Âø\‰»® CønUP¨£mkÒÍx.

ö\¯À£kzu¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ e = Eo sin

ωt ...........(1) t GßÓ Põ»zvÀ, _ØÔÀ

£õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® i. ªßuøh¯õUQ°ß, SÖU÷P

ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk e = i R

ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk, ö\¾zu¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\USa \©®. GÚ÷Á, i R = Eo sin ωt

i = Io sin ωt ...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)

\©ß£õkPÒ (1) ©ØÖ® (2) ¼¸¢x ªßÚÊzu•®, ªß÷Úõmh•® J÷µ PmhzvÀ EÒÍÚ.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (41) _ _ ªßysi ©mk÷© Eøh¯ AC _ØÖ: (Mar’06) , (Mar’08), (OCT ’08)

J¸ ©õÖvø\ ªßÛ¯US Âø\, L GßÓ y¯ ªßysiUS uµ¨£kQÓx. ªßysiUS ©õÖvø\ ªßÛ¯US Âø\ AÎUP¨ £kÁuõÀ ö\

¾zu¨£k® ªßÚÊzuzøu GvºUPUTi¯ ußªß yshÀ ªßÛ¯US Âø\, AvÀ E¸ÁõUP¨£kQÓx.

G¢u J¸ Pnzv¾® ö\¾zu¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ e = Eo sin ωt ..........(1)

yshÀ ªßÛ¯US Âø\

CvÀ L Gß£x P®¤a _¸Îß ußªß yshÀ Gs BS®. J¸ |À» ªßysiUS ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\,

e = - e´

CvÀ

C[S ωL Gß£x P®¤a_¸Ò u¸® ªßuøh BS®. Cx ªß ysi°ß ªß ©Ö¨¦ GÚ AøÇUP¨£kQÓx. Cuß A»S Ohm BS®.

\©ß£õkPÒ (1) ©ØÖ® (2)¼¸¢x, ªß÷Úõmh® ªßÚÊzuzøu Âh π/2 Pmh AÍÂÀ ¤ßu[Q ÇUS® Gß£x öuÎÁõQÓx.ªßysi°ß ªß ©Ö¨¦ GßÓõÀ GßÚ?

XL = ωL = 2π ν L, Gß£x P®¤a_¸Ò u¸® ªßuøh BS®. Cx ªß ysi°ß ªß ©Ö¨¦ GÚ AøÇUP¨£kQÓx. Cuß A»S Ohm BS®. CvÀ ν Gß£x ö\¾zu¨£k® a.c ªßÚÊzuzvß AvºöÁs BS®.

( ÷|ºvø\ ªß÷ÚõmhzvØS ν = 0; . XL = 0 CÆÁõÓõP y¯ ªßysi ÷|ºvø\ ªß÷ÚõmhzvØS _È ªßuøhø¯ öPõkUS®. BÚõÀ a.c. _ØÔÀ P®¤a _¸Îß ªß ©Ö¨¦ AvºöÁsøn¨ ö£õÖzx AvP›US®.)

ªß÷uUQ ©mk÷© EÒÍ AC _ØÖ: (10 Mark) (OCT ’06)©õÖvø\ ªßÛ¯US Âø\‰»®, C GßÓ ªß÷uUQ°ß SÖU÷P CønUP¨£kQÓx.

G¢u J¸ Pnzv¾®, ö\¯À£kzu¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\e = Eo sin ωt ……..(1)

G¢u J¸ Pnzv¾®, ªß÷uUQ°ß SÖU÷P EÒÍ ªßÚÊzu ÷ÁÖ£õk

BÚõÀ

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI 12 -PHY-TM 4.ªßPõ¢uz ysh¾® ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh•® (42) __

ªß÷Úõmh©õÚxªßÚÊzuzøuÂh π/2 Pmh AÍÂÀ •¢v ÇUS®.

ªß÷uUQ°ß ªß©Ö¨¦ GßÓõÀ GßÚ? J¸ ªß÷uUQ ÷|ºvø\ ªß÷ÚõmhzvØS •iÂ»õ ªßuøhø¯z u¸®. Hß?

ªß÷uUQ°ß ªß©Ö¨¦ Gß£x

ªß÷uUQ u¸® ªßuøh BS®. Cx ªß÷uUQ°ß ªß©Ö¨¦ GÚ¨£kQÓx. Cuß A»S K®. CvÀ ν Gß£x a.c. ‰»zvß AvºöÁs BS®.

÷|ºªß÷Úõmh _ØÔÀ ν = 0 : GÚ÷Á, J¸ ªß÷uUQ ÷|ºvø\ ªß÷ÚõmhzvØS •iÂ»õ ªßuøhø¯z u¸®.

(4.31) DC A®«mhº ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmhzøu AÍÂhõx. Hß? (Oct’07) *DC A®«mhº ªß÷Úõmhzvß \µõ\› ©v¨ø£÷¯ AÍÂk®. *©õÖvø\ ªß÷ÚõmhzvÀ J¸ •Êa_ØÖUS ªß÷Úõmhzvß \µõ\›©v¨¦ _È¯õS®.

GÚ÷Á DC A®«mhº _È©v¨ø£÷¯ Põmk®. *÷©¾® ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh® uß vø\ø¯ ©õØÔUöPõÒÐ® ÷ÁPzvÀ DC

A®«mh›ß SÔ•Ò Aø»ÄÓ C¯»õx.

kpd;jilahf;fp> kpd;J}z;b kw;Wk; kpd;Njf;fp Mfpait njhlh; ,izg;gpy; (RLC njhlh; Rw;W): (June ’06), (Jun’09)

kpd;jil R cs;s kpd;jilahf;fp> kpd;J}z;ly; vz; L nfhz;l kpd;J}z;b kw;Wk;

kpd;Njf;Fj; jpwd; C nfhz;l kpd;Njf;fp Mfpatw;NwhL e vd;w kpd;dpaf;F tpirAila khWjpir kpd;dpaf;F tpir %yk; njhlhpizg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Rw;wpy; ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; I vdf; nfhs;Nthk;.

kpd;jilf;F FWf;Nf cs;s kpd;dOj;j NtWghL VR = I R (,J I-Ald; XNu fl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;)

kpd;J}z;bf;F FWf;Nf cs;s

kpd;dOj;j NtWghL VL = I XL (,J I-I tpl fl;lk; Ke;jp ,Uf;Fk;)

kpd;Njf;fpf;F FWf;Nf cs;s

kpd;dOj;j NtWghL VC = I XC (,J I-I tpl fl;lk; gpe;jp ,Uf;Fk;.)

VL kw;Wk; VC ,itfSf;fpilNa cs;s fl;l NtWghL 180.

VL kw;Wk; VC d; njhFgad; = VL – VC

nray;gLj;jg;gLk; kpd;dOj;jk; V MdJ> VR, VL kw;Wk; VC

Mfpatw;wpd; ntf;lh; $LjYf;F rkk;.

/OB2 = OA2 + AB2



(1)

(2)

,q;F Z vd;gJ RLC Rw;wpd; kpd;-vjph;g;G vdg;gLk;.

kpd;dOj;jj;jpw;Fk;> kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s fl;l Nfhzk;

i = I0 sin (t ) vd;gJ ve;j xU fzj;jpYk; Rw;wpy; ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lkhFk;. Jzvø\Ä:

÷Põn AvºöÁsoß J¸ SÔ¨¤mh ©v¨¤ØS Aø©²®. AuõÁx I, V²hß J÷µ PmhzvÀ ÇUS®. ªßöÚvº¨¦ ]Ö©©õPÄ®, ªß÷Úõmh® ö£¸©©õPÄ® ÇUS®. ö£¸© ªß÷Úõmhzøu AÝ©vUS® CzuøP¯ {PÌÄ Jzvø\ Ä GÚ¨£k®

xj;jpirT mjph;ntz; (ν0)

ve;j xU Fwpg;gpl;l mjph;ntz;Zf;F Rw;wpd; kpd;ndjph;g;G rpWkkhfTk;> kpd;Ndhl;lk; ngUkkhfTk; khWNkh me;j mjph;ntz; xj;jpirT mjph;ntz; vdg;gLk;.

Vw;gpr; Rw;W: (xj;jpirT Rw;W):kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;F Fiwe;j kpd;ndjph;g;ig jUtjd; %yk; gy mjph;ntz;fspypUe;J xU

Fwpg;gpl;l mjph;ntz;iz cldbahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; njhlh; xj;jpirT Rw;W Vw;gpr; Rw;W vdg;gLk;. gad; : NubNah kw;Wk; njhiyfhl;rp Vw;gpfspy; gad;gLfpwJ.

Q – fhuzp my;yJ juf;fhuzp : (Oct’06)Q – fhuzpahdJ fk;gpr; RUs; my;yJ kpd;Njf;fpapd; FWf;Nf cs;s kpd;dOj;j

NtWghl;bw;Fk;> nrYj;jg;gLk; kpd;dOj;jj;jpw;Fk; cs;s jfT vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Q =

(myF ,y;iy).

A.C. kpd;Rw;wpd; jpwd; tiuaW : ve;j xU fzj;jpYk; AC kpd;Rw;wpd; jpwd; vd;gJ> mf;fzj;jpy; kpd;dpaf;F

tpirf;Fk;> Rw;wpy; ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;Fk; cs;s ngUf;fy; gyd; vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Pav = Njhw;wj;jpwd; x jpwd; fhuzpPhysics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12 -PHY-TM 4.ªßPõ¢uz ysh¾® ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh•® (44) __ jpwd; fhuzp tiuaW

milg;Gr; RUs;: (June’08)

AC kpd;Rw;wpy; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j gad;gLk; Fiwe;j kpd;jil nfhz;l

fk;gpr;RUs;.

(G.Põ : 4.4) J¸ _¸ÎÀ £õ²® 4A ªß÷Úõmh® 0.5 S Põ»zvÀ 8A BP ©õÖ®÷£õx ©ØöÓõ¸ _¸ÎÀ 50 mV ªßÛ¯US Âø\ ysh¨£kQÓx GÛÀ, AÆÂ¸ _¸ÒPÐUQøh÷¯ EÒÍ £›©õØÖ ªßyshÀ GsønU PnUQkP. (Mar’06)

AF milg;Gr; RUs; RF milg;Gr; RUs;

1.Fiwe;j mjph;ntz; Rw;Wfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

cah; mjph;ntz; my;yJ NubNah mjph;ntz; Rw;Wfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

2. NjdpUk;G cs;sfj;ij ngw;Ws;sJ. fhw;W cs;sfj;ij ngw;Ws;sJ.

3. mjpf kpd;J}z;ly; vz; nfhz;lJ. Fiwe;j kpd;J}z;ly; vz; nfhz;lJ.

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2. 0.5 m2 £µ¨£ÍøÁ²® 10 _ØÖPøÍ²® öPõsh J¸ P®¤a _¸Îß uÍ® 0.2 Wb/m2 Põ¢u¨ ¦»zvØS SzuõP EÒÍ÷£õx P®¤a _¸Îß ÁÈ÷¯ £õ²® Põ¢u¨£õ¯®... (BB) (a) 100 Wb (b) 10 Wb (c) 1 Wb (d) _È

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12.P®¤a _¸ÎÀ Ç¢x ¦Óa_ØÖUS ªß÷Úõmhzøu £õ¯a ö\´²® ©õÖvø\ ªßÛ¯ØÔ°ß EÖ¨¦ (BB), (Mar’10) (a) ¦»UPõ¢u® (b) ¤ÍÄ £mh ÁøÍ¯® (c) |ÊÄ ÁøÍ¯[PÒ (d) y›øPÒ

13.J¸ ©õÖvø\ ªß_ØÔÀ ö\¯À£kzu¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\ e = Eo sin ( ωt + π/2), I = Io sin ( ωt – π/2) GßÓ ªß÷ÚõmhzøuÂh ..........GßÓ Pmh AÍÂÀ •¢va ö\À¾®. (BB), (Oct’06) (a) π/2 (b) π/4 (c) π (d) 0

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(Jun’09) (a) π (b) 2π (c)

(d) _È

23.P®¤a _¸÷Íõk öuõhº¦ öPõsh Põ¢u¨ £õ¯® ©õÖ® Ãu®¬ 1öÁ£º/{ªh® GÛÀ ysh¨£k® ªßÛ¯US Âø\...... (Mar’06) (a) 1V (b) 1/60 V (c) 60 V (d) 0.60 V

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM 4.ªßPõ¢uz ysh¾® ©õÖvø\ ªß÷Úõmh•® (46) __ 24.J¸¬ LCR öuõhº¬©õÖvø\ ¬ªß÷Úõmha _ØÔÀ¬ ªß÷ÚõmhzvØ-S®¬

ªßÚÊzuzvØS®¬ Cøh÷¯ EÒÍ¬ Pmh ¬÷ÁÖ£õk¬ 30o. AÁØÔß¬ öuõS£¯ß¬ ªß©Ö¨¦ 17.32 Ω .ªßuøh°ß©v¨¦ (Jun’06) (a) 30 Ω (b) 10 Ω

(c) 17.32 Ω (d) 1.732 Ω 25.J¸ P®¤a_¸ÎÀ £õ²® ªß÷Úõmh® 2 B®¤¯›¼¸¢x¬ 6< B®¤¯¸US 0.5< ÂÚõi

÷|µzvÀ¬ ©õÖ®÷£õx ysh¨£mh ªßÛ¯US Âø\ 12 V GÛÀ P®¤a_¸Îß uß ªß yshÀ Gs....... (Jun’06) (a) 1.5 H (b) 6 H (c) 0.3 H (d) 30 H

26.y¯ ªßysi ©mk÷© EÒÍ AC _ØÔÀ, (Jun’06) (a) ªßÚÊzu®, ªß÷Úõmhzøu Âh π/2 Pmh AÍÂÀ ¤ßu[Q ÇUS®. (b) ªßÚÊzu•®, ªß÷Úõmh•® J÷µ PmhzvÀ EÒÍÚ. (c) ªßÚÊzu®, ªß÷ÚõmhzøuU Âh π Pmh AÍÂÀ •ß÷ÚõUQ ÇUS®. (d) ªß÷Úõmh® ªßÚÊzuzøu Âh π/2 Pmh AÍÂÀ ¤ßu[Q ÇUS®

27.J¸¬HØÖ ªß©õØÔ°À EÒÏk ªßÚÊzu®¬ 220 V ©ØÖ® öÁÎ°±k ªßÚÊzu® 11- kV GÛÀ, ¬•usø© ©ØÖ® xøna _¸ÒPÎÀ EÒÍ¬_ØÖUPÎß uPÄ ................(Oct’06) (a) 20 : 1 (b) 22 : 1 (c) 50 : 1 (d) 1 : 50

28.J¸¬HØÖªß©õØÔ°À öÁÎ°±k ªßÚÊzu®¬11- kV EÒÏk ªßÚÊzu® 220 VGÛÀ¬ xøna_¸ÎÀ¬ EÒÍ¬ _ØÖUPÎß GsoUøPUS® •usø©a _¸ÎÀ EÒÍ¬ _ØÖUPÎß GsoUøPUS® EÒÍ¬ÂQu®........ (Jun’07) (a) 20 : 1 (b) 22 : 1 (c) 50 : 1 (d) 1 : 50

29. ªßÛ¯ØÔ Âv (n[dNul;lH tpjp)GÚ¨£kÁx. (Oct’06), (Jun’07) (a) L¤öÍª[ ChxøP Âv (b) L¤öÍª[ Á»xøP Âv (c) ÷©UìöÁÀ¼ß Á»UøP v¸S Âv (d) Á»x EÒÍ[øP Âv

30.ac ªß_ØÖJßÔÀ I = Io sin ( ωt – π/2) GßÓ ªß÷Úõmh©õÚx e = Eo sin ( ωt + π/2), GßÓ ªßÛ¯US Âø\ø¯Âh G¢u Pmh AÍÂÀ ¤ßu[Q EÒÍx ?(Oct’07) (a) 0 (b) π/4 (c) π/2 (d) π

31.J¸ ¬LCR _ØÔÀ XL=XC GßÖ ÇUS®÷£õxAuß¬ªß÷Úõmh® ..... (Mar’07) (a) _È (b) ªßÚÊzuzxhß Jzu PmhzvÀ

ÇUS® (c) ªßÚÊzuzøuÂh ¬•ß÷ÚõUQ ÇUS® (d) ªßÚÊzuzøuÂh ¬¤ßu[Q ÇUS®

32.xU RLC njhlHRw;wpy; xj;jpirT epiyapy; (Oct’08) (a) kpd;Ndhl;lk; rpWk kjpg;igg; ngWk; (b) kpd; vjpHg;G ngUk kjpg;igg; ngWk; (c) kpd;Rw;W kpd;epiykj;jd;ik cilaJ (d) kpd;Ndhl;lk; kpd;dOj;jj;Jld; xNu fl;lj;jpy; cs;sJ

33.xU RLC njhlHRw;wpy; xj;jpirT epiyapy; (Oct’09) (a) kpd; vjpHg;G ngUk kjpg;igg; ngWkk; (b) kpd;Ndhl;lk; rpWk kjpg;igg;

ngWk; (c) kpd;ndjpHg;G (Z) kpd;jil R f;F rkk; (d)

34.50 Hz AvºöÁs¬ öPõsh¬ AC ‰»zxhß 300 mH ªßysi¬ CønUP¨£k® ÷£õx¬ HØ£k®¬ ªß©Ö¨¦ ............ (Oct’07) (a) 1046 Ω (b) 94.2 Ω (c) 9420 Ω (d) 104.6 Ω

35.311V< ö£¸© ©v¨¦ öPõsh¬ ©õÖvø\¬ ªßÚÊzuzvß rms ©v¨¦....... (Oct’07) (a) 110 V (b) 220 V (c) 50 V (d) 70.7 V

36.ö\Â²nº AvºöÁs Aøh¨¦a _¸ÎÀ¬£¯ß£kzu¨£k®EÒÍP®.. (Sep’07), (Oct’09) (a) Ç®¦ (b) Põº£ß (c) PõŸ¯® (d) fhw;W


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (47) _ _ 37.11,000W ªßvÓß,¬ 220 V ªßÚÊzuzvÀ¬ AÝ¨£¨£kQÓx¬GÛÀ Cøn¨¦U P®¤°ß

ÁÈ÷¯¬£õ²®¬ ªß÷Úõmh®...... (Mar’08) (a) 50 A (b) 5 A (c) 500 A (d) 0.5 A

38.ªß©õØÔ°À _ÇÀ ªß÷Úõmh CÇ¨¤øÚU SøÓ¨£uØS £¯ß£kzu¨£kÁx......(Mar’08) (a) ª³ö©mh¼ÚõÀ E¸ÁõUP¨£mh ö©À¼¯ uPkPÎÚõÀEÒÍP® (b) ìöhÀ»õ°ÚõÀ E¸ÁõUP¨£mh ö©À¼¯ uPkPÎÚõÀEÒÍP® (c) TkÁøP EÒÍP® (d) ui©ÚõÚ uõªµU P®¤PÒ

39.ªßuøh R ªßysi L ©ØÖ® ªß÷uUQ C öPõsh J¸ öuõhº _ØÔß uµUPõµo Gß£x.... (Jun’08), (Mar’09)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

,e;j glq;fspy; cs;s gpiofis rhpnra;a Kaw;rpf;fyhNk!! Ngdhth! ngd;rpy; vL!!


12 -PHY-TM 7. PvºÃa_ , £¸¨ö£õ¸Îß Cµmøh¨ £s¦ ,- \õº¤¯À (48) __

7. PvºÃa_ ©ØÖ® £¸¨ö£õ¸Îß Cµmøh¨ £s¦©ØÖ® \õº¤¯À uzxÁ®

xspkpd;tpisT:rpy cNyhfg; nghUs;fspd; kPJ γ-fjpu;fs;> X fjpu;fs;> GwCjhf;fjpu;fs;> kw;Wk;

fl;GydhFk; xsp Nghd;wit gLk; NghJ vyf;l;uhd;fs; ckpog;gLk; epfo;T xspkpd; ckpo;jy; vdg;gLk;;;.

epWj;J kpd;dOj;jk;: (Oct’09)xsp kpd;Ndhl;lk; RopahFkhW MNdhl;bw;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; rpWk vjpu;

kpd;dOj;jk; “ntl;L kpd;dOj;jk;” my;yJ “epWj;J kpd;dOj;jk;” vdg;gLk;.

xspkpd; ckpo;jypd; tpjpfs; ( Mar’07), (Mar’09)

Fwpg;gpl;l xsp czh;jpwd; kpf;f nghUspw;F gLfjph; xspapd; nrwpT vt;tsT mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhYk;> ve;j mjph;ntz;zpw;Ff; fPo; xspkpd; ckpo;jy; Kw;wpYk; epd;W tpLfpwNjh> me;jr; rpWk mjph;ntz; gad; njhlf;f mjph;ntz; vdg;gLk;.

Fwpg;gpl;l xsp czh;jpwd; kpf;f nghUspw;F gad; njhlf;f mjph;ntz;zpw;F Nky;> xsp kpd;Ndhl;lk; gLfjphpd; nrwptpw;F Neh;j;jftpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

xspkpd; ckpo;T xU cldb epfo;thFk;. nghUspd; kPJ fjph;tPr;R gLk;NghJ xsp vyf;l;uhd; cldbahf ckpog;gLfpwJ.

xsp vyf;l;uhd;fspd; ngUk ,af;f Mw;wyhdJ. mjph;ntz;zpw;F Neh;j;jftpy; ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; nrwptpidr; rhh;e;jJ my;y.

JÎªß ÂøÍÂØPõÚ Ißìjß \©ß£õmøh u¸Â: (Mar’06), (Jun’06), (Oct’09), (Jun’10)BÀ£ºm Ißìjß SÁõsh® öPõÒøP°øÚ JÎªß ÂøÍÂØS¨ £¯ß£kzvÚõº. Ißìjß TØÖ¨£i, £kPvºÃa]ß J¸ L÷£õmhõÝUS®, E÷»õPzvÀ EÒÍ J¸ G»UmµõÝUS®

Cøh÷¯ {PÊ® ¤ßÛ¯a ö\¯À ÂøÍÂÚõÀ JÎ G»UmµõßPÒ EªÇ¨£kQßÓÚ. h ν BØÓÀ öPõsh J¸ L÷£õmhõß, E÷»õPzvß £µ¨¤À ÷©õx®÷£õx, Auß BØÓÀ Ç ÁÈPÎÀ £¯ß£kQÓx.

(i) £kQßÓ L÷£õmhõÛß BØÓ¼ß J¸ £Sv, G»UmµõøÚ E÷»õPzvß £µ¨¤¼¸¢x öÁÎ÷¯ØÓ¨ £¯ß£kQßÓx. (ii) BØÓ¼ß Gg]¯ £Sv öÁÎ÷¯Ö® G»UmµõÝUS C¯UP BØÓ»õPU öPõkUP¨£k®. G»UmµõÛß {øÓ m GÚÄ®, vø\÷ÁP® v GÚÄ® öPõshõÀ

L÷£õmhõÛß BØÓÀ = öÁÎ÷¯ØÖ BØÓÀ + G»UmµõÛß C¯UP BØÓÀ

G»UmµõÛß C¯UP BØÓÀ CÇUP¨£hõ©À Ç¢uõÀ, (h ν –W) GßÓ •Ê BØÓ¾® G»UmµõÛß C¯UP BØÓ»õPz ÷uõßÖ®.

GÚ÷Á (h ν–W) Gß£x öÁÎ¨£k® G»UmµõÛß ö£¸© C¯UP BØÓø»U öPõkUS®. v ö£¸©® Gß£x G»UmµõÛß ö£¸©z vø\÷ÁP® GÛÀ

Ca\©ß£õk Ißìjß JÎªß

ÂøÍÂØPõÚ \©ß£õk BS®. £kQßÓ PvºÃa]ß AvºöÁsnõÚx (ν) E÷»õPzvß £¯ß öuõhUP AvºöÁsoØSa (νo) \©©õP Ç¢uõÀ, G»UmµõÛß C¯UP BØÓÀ _È¯õS®. \©ß£õk (2) I CÆÁõÖ GÊu»õ®. h νo = W ………(3) W ©v¨¤øÚ \©ß£õk (2)À ¤µv°h



JÎªß öÁÎ÷¯ØÖ BØÓÀ: (Mar’07) JÎªß öÁÎ÷¯ØÖ BØÓÀ Gß£x E÷»õPzvß £µ¨¤¼¸¢x J¸ G»UmµõøÚ öÁÎ÷¯ØÓz

÷uøÁ¯õÚ ]Ö© BØÓÀ BS®.xspkpd;fyq;fspd; gad;fs;: (June’06), (Oct’06), (Jun’07), (Mar’08), (Jun’09), (Mar’10)

jpiug;glj; Jiwapy; gjpT nra;j xypapid kPz;Lk; Vw;gLj;jg; gad;gLfpd;wd.

ciyfspd; ntg;gepiyfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gad;gLfpd;wd.

njUtpsf;Ffis jhdhf ,af;f cjTfpd;wd.

fjTfisj; jhdhf jpwf;f> %l> gad;gLk; fUtpfspy; ,it cs;sd.

jpUlu; mwptpg;G kzpapYk;> jP mwptpg;G kzpapYk; ,it gad;gLfpd;wd.

jpUlu; mwptpg;G kz p: topapy; itf;fg;gl;l xsp kpd;fyj;jpd; kPJ Gw Cjhf;fjpu;fs; njhlh;e;J

tpOkhW itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. vtNuDk; me;j topNa nrd;why; GwCjhf; fjpu;fis mth; jLg;gjhy;> xsp kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpy; xU jpBu; khWjy; Vw;gLk;. clNd xU kpd;rhu kzp ,aq;fp vr;rupf;if irifapid Vw;gLj;Jk;.

jP mwptpg;G kzp: fl;blj;jpy; jFe;j ,lq;fspy; gy xsp kpd;fyq;fs; nghUj;jgl;bUf;Fk;. jP Vw;gLk; NghJ Vw;gLk; xspf;fjpu;fs; xU rpy xsp-kpd;fyq;fspd; kPJ tpOk;. clNd kpd;rhukzp my;yJ kpd;rhu-rq;F xd;W ,aq;fp vr;rupf;if irifapid Vw;gLj;Jk;.

£¸¨ö£ õ¸Ò Aø» AÀ»x i ¤µõ¼ Aø» GßÓõÀGßÚ?uS¢u `Ç¼À C¯[S® xPÒ JßÖ Aø» ÷£õßÓ £s¦PøÍ¨ ö£ØÔ¸UQÓx. Cx £¸¨ö£õ¸Ò

Aø» AÀ»x i ¤µõ¼ Aø» GÚ¨£k®.

gUg;nghUspd; b gpuhyp miyePsj;jpw;fhd rkd;ghl;ilj; jUtp : (Oct’06), (Mar’07), (Mar’09), (Jun’10) Mw;wYf;fhd gpshq;fpd; rkd;ghl;ilAk; (miy) Id;];Bd; rkd;ghl;ilAk; (Jfs;) b gpuhyp rkd;gLj;jpdhh;.

υ mjph;ntz; nfhz;l /Nghl;lhdpd; Mw;wy; E = hυ ( h vd;gJ gpshq;f; khwpyp)

Id;];Bd; epiw Mw;wy; rkd;ghl;bd;gb> m epiwf;F rkkhd Mw;wy;

E = mc2 (c vd;gJ xspapd; jpirNtfk;)

hυ = mc2

v jpirNtfj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; JfSf;F c = v vdg; gpujpapl> mj;JfSld; njhlh;Gila miyePsk;>

λ = = (,q;F p = mv> - Jfspd; ce;jkhFk;)

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM 7. PvºÃa_ , £¸¨ö£õ¸Îß Cµmøh¨ £s¦ ,- \õº¤¯ À (50) __ G»Umµõß ~s÷nõUQ°ß £¯ßPÒ ¯õøÁ? (Mar’07)

(i) öuõÈØ\õø»PÎÀ, ¡¼øÇPÎß Aø©¨¦, E÷»õP¨ £µ¨¦PÒ, Ásn¨ §a_PÎß BUPU TÖPÒ ÷£õßÓøÁPøÍ AÔ¢x öPõÒÍ¨ £¯ß£kQßÓx.

(ii) ©¸zxÁ® ©ØÖ® E°›¯¼À, øÁµì ©ØÖ® £õUj›¯õøÁ¨ £ØÔ AÔ¢x öPõÒÍ¨ £¯ß£kQßÓx.

(iii) C¯Ø¤¯¼À, Aq Aø©¨¦ ©ØÖ® £iP Aø©¨¦PøÍ ÂÍUP©õP AÔ¢x öPõÒÍ¨ £¯ß£kQßÓx. G»Umµõß ~s÷nõUQ°ß Áµ®¦PÒ ¯õøÁ? (Mar’06), (Mar’09)

G»Umµõß ~s÷nõUQ¯õÚx E¯º öÁØÔhzvÀ ö\¯À£kÁuõÀ A¢{ø»°À BÂ¯õPU Ti¯ ©ØÖ® ]øu¢x÷£õPU Ti¯ E°º¨ ö£õ¸ÒPøÍ¨ £ØÔ AÔ¯ C¢u ~s÷nõUQø¯¨ £¯ß£kzu C¯»õx.{ø»© (AÀ»x •kUP¨£hõu )SÔ¨£õ¯[PÒ (Mar’08)

SÔ¨£õ¯zvÀ EÒÍ ö£õ¸ÒPÒ {³mhÛß {ø»© Âv ©ØÖ® G¢vµÂ¯À ÂvPÐUS

Em£k©õÚõÀ, Ax {ø»©U SÔ¨£õ¯® GÚ¨£k®. {ø»©©ØÓ (AÀ»x •kUP¨£mh ) SÔ¨£õ¯[PÒ (Mar’08)

SÔ¨£õ¯® JßÔÀ, öÁÎ¨¦Ó Âø\ ö\¯À£hõu÷£õv¾® ö£õ¸Ò •kUP©øh¢uõÀ, Ax {ø»©©ØÓ SÔ¨£õ¯® GÚ¨£k®.

]Ó¨¦ \õº¤¯À öPõÒøP°ß Gk÷PõÒPÒ : (Oct’07), (Jun’09)

(i) C¯Ø¤¯À ÂvPÒ, AøÚzx {ø»©U SÔ¨£õ¯[PÐUS® J÷µ ©õv›¯õP Aø©²®.(ii) AøÚzxU SÔ¨£õ¯[PÎ¾®, öÁØÔhzvÀ JÎ°ß vø\÷ÁP® ©õÔ¼¯õS®.

ePsf; FWf;fk;.(nyhuz;l;];-gpl;];n[uhy;L FWf;fk; XH vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff) (Mar’06), (Mar’08), (Mar’10)

njhlf;fj;jpy; Xa;T epiyapy; cs;s S kw;Wk; S’ vd;w ,U

Fwpg;ghaq;fisf; fUJNthk;.

S’ Fwpg;ghaj;jpy; jz;L xd;W itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. S Fwpg;ghaj;jpy;Xa;T epiyapy; cs;s xU Ma;thsh; jz;bd; ePsj;ij l0 vd mstpLfpwhh;.

S’ Fwpg;ghak;> Neu;Fwp X - mr;rpd; jpirapy; v vd;w jpirNtfj;Jld; ,aq;Fk;NghJ> S- y; cs;s Ma;thsuhy; jz;bd; ePsk; l vd

mstplg;gLfpwJ.

rpwg;G rhh;gpay; nfhs;ifapd;gb

l = l0

mjhtJ l < l0

vdNt Xa;T epiyapy; cs;s Ma;thsiug; nghUj;J v vd;w jpirNtfj;Jld; ,aq;Fk; jz;bd; ePsk;> ,af;f jpirapy;

vd;w msT FWf;fk; milAk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L : kpf Ntfkhf efUk; Ma;thsUf;F tl;l tbtg; nghUs; xd;WePs; tl;lkhfj; njhpAk;.



fhyePl;bg;ig xU vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff : (June’06), (Jun’08)K´Ä {ø»°À EÒÍ B´ÁõÍ¸US, C¯UP {ø»°À EÒÍ PiPõµ® SøÓÁõÚ ÷|µzøuU

PõmkÁuõPz ÷uõßÖ®. AuõÁx, ö©xÁõPa ö\ÀÁuõPz ÷uõßÖ®. Cx Põ» }mi¨¦ GÚ¨£k®. GkzxUPõmk : C¯[S® ÂsöÁÎU P»zvÀ EÒÍ PiPõµ®, ¦Â°À EÒÍ PiPõµ[PøÍ Âh ö©xÁõPa ö\ÀÁuõPz ÷uõßÖ®. tpsf;fk;:

S kw;Wk; S′ vd;w ,U Fwpg;ghaq;fisf; fUJNthk;. S′ Fwpg;ghakhdJ S Ig; nghUj;J v vd;w jpirNtfj;Jld; Neu;jpir X mr;rpy; ,aq;Ftjhff;

nfhs;Nthk;. S′ Fwpg;ghaj;jpy; cs;s xU fbfhuk; t0 fhy ,ilntspapy; iriffis ntsptpLtpjhff; fUJNthk;. S Fwpg;ghaj;jpy; cs;s Ma;thsh; ,e;jf; fhy ,ilntspiaf; fzf;fpl;lhy;> mtuhy; fzf;fplg;gLk;

fhy ,ilntsp t vdpy;>

t =

mjhtJ t > t0

S Fwpg;ghaj;jpy; Xa;T epiyapy; cs;s Ma;thsUf;F> fhy ,ilntsp

vd;w mstpw;F ePz;L fhzg;gLk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L : ,aq;Fk; tpz;ntspf; fyj;jpy; cs;s fbfhuk; Gtpapy; cs;s

fbfhuq;fistpl nkJthfr; nry;tjhfj; Njhd;Wk;.

1. ν AvºöÁs öPõsh L÷£õmhõß, £¯ß öuõhUP AvºöÁs νο öPõsh E÷»õPzvß«x £kQÓx. öÁÎÂh¨ £k® G»UmµõÛß C¯UP BØÓÀ (BB), (Oct’07) (a) h (ν – νο) (b) hν (c) hνο (d) h (ν + νο)

2. ö£õ¸Ò JßÔß JÎªß öÁÎ÷¯ØÖ BØÓÀ 3.3 eV GÛÀ, £¯ß öuõhUP AvºöÁs.... (BB), (Mar’08) (a) 8 × 1014 Hz (b) 8 × 1010 Hz (c) 5 × 1020 Hz (d) 4 × 1014 Hz.

3. E÷»õP¨ £µ¨¦ JßÔß {Özx ªßÚÊzu® GuøÚa \õº¢vµõx? (BB) (a) £k® PvºÃa]ß AvºöÁs (b) £k® PvºÃa]ß ö\ÔÄ (c) E÷»õP¨ £µ¨¤ß ußø© (d) öÁÎ¨£k® G»UmµõßPÎß vø\÷ÁP®

4. £¯ßöuõhUP AvºöÁsoÀ, G»UmµõßPÎß vø\÷ÁP® (BB), (Oct’06), (Mar’09), (Oct’09) (a) _È (b) ö£¸©® (c) ]Ö©® (d) •iÂ¼

5. JÎªß ÂøÍøÁ Guß Ai¨£øh°À ÂÍUP •i²®? (BB), (Mar’10) (a) JÎ°ß ~sxPÒ öPõÒøP (b) JÎ°ß Aø»U öPõÒøP (c) JÎ°ß ªßPõ¢uU öPõÒøP (d) JÎ°ß SÁõsh® öPõÒøP


Xa;T epiyapy; cs;s Ma;thsUf;F ,af;f epiyapy; cs;s

fbfhuk; nkJthfr; nry;tjhfj; Njhd;Wk;. ,J fhy ePl;bg;G vdg;gLk;.

12 -PHY-TM 7. PvºÃa_ , £¸¨ö£õ¸Îß Cµmøh¨ £s¦ ,- \õº¤¯ À (52) __ 6. £¸¨ö£õ¸Ò Aø»}Í® GuøÚa\õº¢uuÀ»? (BB), (Jun’08), (Oct’09)

(a) {øÓ (b) vø\÷ÁP® (c) E¢u® (d) ªßÞmh® 7. C¯[S® ö£õ¸Ò JßÔß C¯UP BØÓÀ E GÛÀ Auß j ¤µõ¼ Aø»}Í®..... (BB)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

8. m epiwAk; e kpd;D}l;lKk; nfhz;l xU vyf;l;uhd; Xa;Tepiyapy; ,Ue;J V vd;w kpd;dOj;jj;jpdhy; KLf;fgg;gLk;NghJ> mjd; ,Wjp jpirNtfk; (Oct’08)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

9. 2Å Aø»}Í® öPõsh G»UmµõÛß E¢u® (BB) (a) 3.3 × 10 24 kg m s -1 (b) 6.6 × 10 24 kg m s -1 (c) 3.3 × 10 -24 kg m s-1 (d) 6.6 × 10 -24 kg m s-1

10. \õº¤¯¼ß£i, C¯UPzv¾ÒÍ usiß }Í® (BB), (Jun’06), (Jun’07), (Jun’09) (a) {ø»¯õP EÒÍ÷£õx Ç¢u }ÍzvØSa \©® (b) {ø»¯õP EÒÍ÷£õx Ç¢u }ÍzøuÂh AvP©õP Aø©²® (c) {ø»¯õP EÒÍ÷£õx Ç¢u }ÍzøuÂh SøÓÁõP Aø©²® (d) usiß ÷ÁPzøu¨ ö£õ¸zx, {ø»¯õP EÒÍ÷£õx Ç¢u}ÍzøuÂh AvP©õP÷Áõ AÀ»x SøÓÁõP÷Áõ AÀ»x \©©õP÷Áõ Aø©²®.

11. 1 kg {øÓ²ÒÍ ö£õ¸Ò •ÊÁx©õP BØÓ»õP ©õØÓ¨£k®÷£õx E¸ÁõS® BØÓÀ (BB) (a) 9 × 1016 J (b) 9 × 1024 J

(c) 1 J (d) 3 × 10 8 J 12. £¯ßöuõhUP AvºöÁsoÀ, {Özx ªßÚÊzuzvß ©v¨¦.... (Mar’06)

(a) ö£¸©® (b) _È (c) ]Ö©® (d) •iÂ¼ 13. 2.5 eV BØÓÀ öPõsh Cµsk L÷£õmhõßPÒ J÷µ \©¯zvÀ E÷»õPzvß «x

£kQßÓÚ. E÷»õPzvß öÁÎ÷¯ØÖ BØÓÀ 4.5 eV. E÷»õPzvß £µ¨¤¼¸¢x..... (Jun’06) (a) J¸ G»Umµõß EªÇ¨£k®

(b) Cµsk G»UmµõßPÒ EªÇ¨£k® (c) CµsiØS® ÷©Ø£mh G»UmµõßPÒ EªÇ¨£k® (d) G»UmµõßPÒ GxÄ® EªÇ¨£hõx

14. ]Ó¨¦ \õº¤¯À öPõÒøP°ß£i AÚzxU SÔ¨£õ¯[PÎ¾® ©õÔ¼¯õP Ç¨£x ...... (Oct’06), (Mar’07), (Mar’09) (a) {øÓ (b) }Í® (c) Põ»® (d) JÎ°ß vø\÷ÁP®

15. ö£õ¸Ò JßÔß JÎªß öÁÎ÷¯ØÖ BØÓÀ 6.626 x10-19 J GÛÀ, £¯ß öuõhUP AvºöÁs.... (Mar’07) (a) 1 x 1015 Hz (b) 10 x 10-19 Hz (c) 1 x 10-15 Hz (d) 10 x 1019 Hz

16. K´Ä{øÓ m0 öPõsh J¸ £¸¨ö£õ¸Ò JÎ°ß vø\÷ÁPzvÀ ö\ßÓõÀ Auß {øÓ.... (Oct’07) (a) 0 (b) 2 m0 (c) 4 m0 (d) DÔ¼

17. Id;];Bd; xspkpd; tpistpw;fhd rkd;ghL (Jun’09)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

18. vyf;l;uhd; Ez;Nzhf;fp vjd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpwJ? (Mar’10) (a) xspkpd; tpisT (b) vyf;l;uhdpd; Jfs; gz;G (c) ,aq;Fk; vyf;l;uhdpd; miyg;gz;G (d) gUg;nghUspd; miyg;gz;G


8. AqUP¸ C¯Ø¤¯ÀI÷\õ÷hõ¨¦PÒ: \©©õÚ Aq Gsøn²® ÷ÁÖ£mh {øÓ Gsøn²® öPõsh J÷µ uÛ©zvß AqUPÒ I÷\õ÷hõ¨¦PÒ GÚ¨£k®.

GkzxUPõmkPÒ: 1H1, 1H2 ©ØÖ® 1H3.I÷\õ£õºPÒ:

\©©õÚ {øÓ Gsøn²® ©õÖ£mh Aq Gsøn²® öPõsh öÁÆ÷ÁÖ uÛ©[PÎß AqUPÒ I÷\õ£õºPÒ BS®.

GkzxUPõmkPÒ:8O16 ©ØÖ® 7N16 .I÷\õ÷hõßPÒ:

\© GsoUøP°À Aø©¢u {³mµõßPøÍU öPõskÒÍ öÁÆ÷ÁÖ uÛ©[PÎß AqUPÒ I÷\õ÷hõßPÒ GÚ¨£k®.

GkzxUPõmkPÒ:6C14 ©ØÖ® 8O16 Aq {øÓ A»S:

J¸ Aq {øÓ A»S Gß£x Põº£ß 6C12 AqÂß {øÓ°À (1/12) £[QØSa \©®.1 amu = 1.66 × 10-27 kg 1 amu US \©©õÚ BØÓÀ = 931 MeV

Gß£x {øÓÁÊ:AqUP¸ÂÀ EÒÍ AqUP¸z xPÒPÎß ö©õzu {øÓUS®, AqUP¸Âß Esø© {øÓUS®

Cøh÷¯ EÒÍ ÷ÁÖ£õk {øÓÁÊ GÚ¨£k®. ¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ: (Oct’09)

¦÷µõmhõßPÐ®, {³mµõßPÐ® ÷\º¢x AqUP¸ E¸ÁõS®÷£õx ©øÓ²® {øÓ AuØSa \©©õÚ BØÓ»õP ©õØÓ¨£kQßÓx. C¢u BØÓÀ AqUP¸Âß ¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ GÚ¨£k®.

E = mc2 ¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ Áøµ£h®:

A q U P ¸ Â ß ¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ Ax ]øuÁøh¯õ©ÀGß£x Aø©ÁuØPõÚ {ø»¨¦z ußø©ø¯U SÔUS®.

¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ AvP® GÛÀ AqUP¸ {ø»¨£õk ªUPuõPÄ®.

¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ SøÓÄ GÛÀ AqUP¸ {ø»¨£õk SøÓ¢uuõPÄ® Aø©²® GÚU TÓ»õ®.

J¸ AqUP¸zxPÐUPõÚ ¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ

J¸ AqUP¸z xPÐUPõÚ ¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ uÛ©zvØS uÛ©® ©õÖ£k®.

gpizg;G Mw;wy; tisf;Nfhl;bw;fhd tpsf;fk;: (Oct’06), (Jun’10)

AqUP¸Âß {øÓ Gs A øÁ X.Aa]¾®, AqUP¸z xPÒ JßÔß ¤øn¨¦ BØÓø» Y.Aa]¾®

öPõsk Áøµ£h® Áøµ¯¨£kQßÓx. Cx Áøµ£h® GÚ¨£k®.

Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI12 -PHY-TM 8. mDf;fU ,aw;gpay; (54) _

– MdJ epiw vz; A -ia nghUj;J khWgLjy;.

A = 20 tiu d; kjpg;G Ntfkhf mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ.

A = 20 f;F gpwF nkJthf mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ.

A < 20 kw;Wk; epiwvz; ehd;fpd; klq;fhf cs;s mZf;fUf;fs; tiuglj;jpy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

KfLfspy; mikfpd;wd. v.fh 2He4, 4Be8 , 6C12 , 8O16 , 10Ne20

A = 40 Kjy; 120 tiu tisNfhL Vwf;Fiwa fpilkl;lkhf mikfpd;wJ.

A = 120-it tpl mjpfhpf;Fk;NghJ nkJthf Fiwfpd;wJ

A = 56 cs;s ,Uk;gpd; d; kjpg;G 8.8 MeV (mjpf epiyg;ghL cilaJ.)

epiw vz; 40 f;Fk; 120 f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mZf;fUj; Jfs; xd;wpd; ruhrhp gpizg;G Mw;wy; 8.5

MeV – epiyg;G jd;ik mjpfk;. ,it fjphpaf;fj;jpw;F cl;glhJ.

epiwvz; mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ gpizg;G Mw;wy; Fiwe;J nfhz;Nl tUk;. ANudpaj;jpw;F

= 7.6 MeV. epiyg;ghL mw;wit. fjphpaf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLk;.

,Nyrhd mZf;fUf;fspd; Fiwthd gpizg;G Mw;wy; mZf;fU ,izT epfo;Tfis tpsf;FfpwJ. fdkhd mZf;fUf;fspd; Fiwthd gpizg;G Mw;wy; KiwNa mZf;fU ,izT kw;Wk; mZf;fU gpsT

epfo;Tfis tpsf;FfpwJ.

ngapd;gphpl;[; epiw epwkhiykhdp:- (June’06), (Oct’06), (Jul’07), (June’08), (Mar’09), (Jun’10)

xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l vyf;l;uhd;fs; ePf;fg;gl;l mZf;fs; Neh;kpd;madpfshfpd;wd. kpd;dpwf;ff; FohapypUe;J ntsptUk; ,f;fw;iw S1, S2

gpsTfspd; topNa nrYj;jg;gl;L nky;ypa fw;iwahf ntsptUfpd;wJ.

,f;fw;iwahdJ> jpirNtfj; Njh;e;njLg;ghdpy; nrYj;jg;gl;L Fwpg;gpl;l jpirNtfj;jpy; nry;Yk; madpfs; kl;Lk; ntsptUfpd;wJ. jpirNtf Njh;e;njLg;ghdpy;> xd;Wf;nfhd;W ,izahf cs;s P1, P2

jfLfisf; nfhz;L E vd;w rPuhd kpd;GyKk;> kpd;fhe;jk; xd;wpd; %yk; B vd;w rPuhd fhe;jg;GyKk; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,t;tpU Gyq;fSk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhfTk; kw;Wk; madpf; fw;iwapd; jpirf;F nrq;Fj;jhfTk; mikAk;. fw;iw tpyf;fkilahj epiyapy;> kpd;Gy tpirAk;> fhe;jg;Gy tpirAk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W rkk;.

Bqv = E q

/ v = (1) ,e;j v jpirNtfk; nfhz;l madpfs; kl;Lk; S3.

gpsitia fle;J gpd;dh;> D – vd;w ntw;wplkhf;fg;gl;l fyj;jpDs; Eiofpd;wJ.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (55) _ _ fyj;jpy;> jhspd; jsj;jpw;F nrq;Fj;jhf cs;Nehf;fp nray;gLk; B’ fhe;jGyj;jpw;F ,e;j

madpfs; cl;gl;L R - Muk; nfhz;l tl;lg; ghijapy; nrd;W xspg;glj; jfl;il milfpd;wd. fhe;jg; Gytpir> Njitahd ikaNehf;F tpiria jUfpd;wJ.

rkd;ghL (1) I kjpg;ig gpujpapl>

/ m R

fyj;jpd; jpwg;gpw;Fk;> xspg;glj; jfl;by; madpfs; Vw;gLj;Jk; fUikf; Nfhl;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l njhiyT 2R ,ypUe;J Muk; R fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

vdNt madpfspd; mjhtJ INrhNlhg;Gfspd; epiwfis fzf;fplyhk;. mZf;fU tpir vd;why; vd;d? mZf;fUtpDs; Neh; kpd;D}l;lk; nfhz;l GNuhl;lhd;fSf;F ,ilNa nray;gLk; tpul;L tpiria typikahd kw;nwhU tpir nray;gl;L GNuhl;lhd;fisAk;> epa+l;uhd;fisAk; gpizf;fpd;wJ. ,t;tpir mZf;fU tpir vdg;gLk;. mZf;fU tpirapd; gz;Gfs;: (Jun’08), (Mar’09) 1.mZf;fU tpir kpd;D}l;l rhh;gw;wJ. mjhtJ epiy kpd;dpay; tpiray;y 2.fz;lwpag;gl;l tpirfspy; mZf;fU tpirNa kpf mjpf typik nfhz;lJ. 3.mZf;fU tpir <h;g;gpay; tpir my;y. <h;g;gpay; tpiria tpl 1040 klq;F typikahdJ.

4.FWfpa neLf;fk; nfhz;lJ.5.mZf;fUj; Jfs;fSf;F ,ilNaahd kPrhd; vd;w Jfspd; ghpkhw;wk; fhuzkhf

mZf;fU tpir Vw;gLfpwJ. fjphpaf;fk;:

mZ vz; 82-I tpl mjpfkhd mZ vz; nfhz;l fdkhd jdpkq;fs; jd;dpr;irahf > > Nghd;w fjph;fis ntspapLk; epfo;T fjphpaf;fk; vdg;gLk;.

fjphpaf;f ,lg;ngah;r;rp tpjp: - rpijT:- (Mar’06)

fjphpaf;f jdpkk; - Jfs;fis ntsptpLk; NghJ mjd; mZ vz; ,uz;Lk; epiwvz; ehd;Fk; FiwAk;.

88 Ra 226 86 Rn 222 + 2 He4

- rpijT :-fjphpapf;f jdpkk; Jfs;fis ntsptpLk; NghJ mjd; mZ vz; xd;W mjpfhpf;Fk;.

epiwvz; khWgLtJ ,y;iy.

90 Th 234 91 Pa 234 + -1 e - rpijT:-J¸ Pv›¯UP AqUP¸

γ.PvºPøÍ öÁÎÂk® ÷£õx, AqUP¸Âß BØÓÀ ©mh® ©õÖ£k®. Aq Gs ©ØÖ® {øÓ Gs ©õÖ£hõx. GkzxUPõmk :

Pv›¯UPa ]øuÂÀ ÷µhõß QÍºa] {ø»°À Ç¢x Ai{ø»USz v¸®¦®÷£õx, 0.187 MeV BØÓÀ öPõsh γ.Pvº öÁÎ¨£k® .


12 -PHY-TM 8. mDf;fU ,aw;gpay; (56) _ > > kw;Wk; fjph;fspd; gz;Gfs;:-

fjph; fjph; fjph;

1.,U myF Neh;kpd;D}l;lk; nfhz;lJ (2He4) `Pypak; mZf;fU

xuyF vjph; kpd;D}l;lk; nfhz;lJ (-1e0) vyf;l;uhd;

Fiwe;j miyePsk; nfhz;l kpd;fhe;j miyfs;

2.mjpf jpirNtfj;jpy; Neh;f;Nfhl;by; nry;Yk;.

xspapd; jpirNtfj;ijg; Nghd;W 0.3 Kjy; 0.99 klq;F jpirNtfk; nfhz;lJ.

xspapd; jpirNtfj;jpy; nry;Yk;.

3.kpd;kw;Wk; fhe;jg; Gyq;fshy; tpyf;fkilfpd;wd.

kpd; kw;Wk; fhe;jg; Gyq;fshy; tpyf;fk; milfpd;wd.

kpd; kw;Wk; fhe;jg; Gyj;jhy; tpyf;fk; miltJ ,y;iy.

4.madpahf;Fk; jpwd; kpf mjpfk;

madpahf;Fk; jpwd; FiwT

madpahf;Fk; jpwd; kpff; FiwT.

5. xspg;glj; jfLfis ghjpf;Fk; xspg;glj; jfLfis ghjpf;Fk; xspg;glj; jfLfis ghjpf;Fk;

6. xsph;jiy Vw;gLj;Jk; xsph;jiy Vw;gLj;Jk; xsph;jiy Vw;gLj;Jk;

7. CLUT jpwd; FiwTCLUT jpwd; fjpiu fhl;bYk; mjpfk;

CLUT jpwd; kpf mjpfk;

8 - -X- fjph;fisg; Nghd;W gbfq;fspy; tpspk;G tpistpw;F cl;gLk;

fjphpaf;f rpijT tpjp:- (Oct’08), (Oct’09)xuyF Neuj;jpy; rpijtilAk; mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if> me;Neuj;jpy; mj;jdpkj;jpy; cs;s

mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;F Neh;jftpy; ,Uf;Fk;. fhyk; t = 0 njhlf;fj;jpy; cs;s mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if No vd;f. t fhyj;jpy; mjpy; cs;s mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if N vd;f. dt fhyj;jpy; rpijtilAk; mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if dN

vdNt rpijT tPjk;

= - N

= - .dt

njhifapl> log e N = - t + C

t = 0 vdpy; N = No

log e No = C


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (57) _ _ miu MAl;fhyk; ( T½ ) : (Oct’08)

fjphpaf;fj; jdpkj;jpd; miuMAl;fhyk; vdg;gLtJ> mjpYs;s mZf;fspy; ghjpasT mZf;fs; rpijtila MFk; fhyk;;. ruhrhp MA+l; fhyk; ( ):

fjphpaf;f jdpkj;jpy; Muk;gj;jpy; cs;s midj;J mZf;fspd; nkhj;j MAl;fhyj; jpw;Fk; mjpYs;s nkhj;j mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; cs;s tpfpjk; ruhrhp MAl; fhyk; vdg;gLk;. fpa+hp tiuaW: (Oct’06), (Mar’08), (Mar’10)

xU tpdhbf;F 3.7 x 1010 rpijTfisj; jUk; fjpupaf;fj; jdpkj;jpd; msTfpa+hp vdg;gLk;. ,J xU fpuhk; Nubaj;jpd; fjphpaf;fr; nray;ghl;bw;Fr; rkk;. µõsmáß tiuaW: (Jun’07), (Oct’08)

PvºÃa]ß AÍÄ µõsmáß (R) GßÓ A»PõÀ AÍÂh¨£kQßÓx. J¸ Qµõ®PõØÔÀ 1.6 × 1012 ÷\õi A¯ÛPøÍ E¸ÁõUS® PvºÃa_ J¸ µõsmáß GÚ¨£k®. epA+l;uhd; fz;Lgpbg;G:-

1930B® Bsk ö£õz÷u ©ØÖ® ö£UPº Gß£ÁºPÒ ö£›¼¯® uÛ©zøu α – xPÒ PøÍU öPõsk uõUS®÷£õx ªS¢u Fk¸ÄvÓß öPõsh PvºÃa_ öÁÎ¨£kÁøuU PshÚº.

1932À,IöµÛ Q³› ©ØÖ® F. ÷áõ¼¯m BQ¯ ÇÁ¸®, C¢uU PvºÃa_PÒ £õµL¤ß ö©ÊS

÷£õßÓ øímµáß {øÓ¢u ö£õ¸ÒPÎß ÁÈ¯õPa ö\À¾® ÷£õx ¦÷µõmhõßPøÍ öÁÎ¨£kzxÁøuU PshÚº.

A÷u Á¸hzvÀ \õmÂU Gß£Áº, öÁÎ¨£k® PvºÃa]À ªßÞmh©ØÓ, HÓUSøÓ¯ ¦÷µõmhõÛß {øÓUSa \©©õÚ {øÓ öPõsh xPÒPÒ Ah[Q²ÒÍÚ GÚU Psk¤izuõº. CzxPÒPøÍ {³mµõßPÒ GßÖ AøÇzuõº.

÷©ØTÔ¯ AqUP¸ ÂøÚUPõÚ \©ß£õk 4 Be 9 + 2 He 4 6 C 12 + 0 n 1

epA+l;uhdpd; gz;Gfs;: (June’06), (Mar’08)1. i`l;u[id jtpu midj;J mZf;fUf;fspYk; epA+l;uhd;fs; mlq;fpAs;sd.2. epA+l;uhd; Rop kpd;D}l;lk; nfhz;ljhy; kpd; kw;Wk; fhe;jg; Gyq;fshy;

tpyf;fkilahJ.3. mZf;fUtpDs; epA+l;uhd; epiyg;ghL nfhz;lit ntspNa ,J GNuhl;lhd;> vyf;l;uhd;

kw;Wk; Mz;l;b epA+l;hpNdhthf rpijtilAk; ,jd; miu MAl;fhyk; 13 epkplq;fs;.4. kpd;D}l;lk; mw;wjhy; mZf;fUtpDs; vspjhf CLUtpr; nry;Yk;.5. ,af;fMw;wypd; mbg;gilapy; epA+l;uhd;fis ,uz;L tifahf gphpf;fyhk;.

(i) FiwNtf epA+l;uhd; - Mw;wy; 0 Kjy; 1000 eV tiu(ntg;g epA+l;uhd; - ruhrup ,af;f Mw;wy; 0.025 eV )

(ii ) Ntf epA+l;uhd;- Mw;wy; 0.5 MeV Kjy; 10MeV tiu

nraw;if fjpupaf;fk; :- fjphpaf;fkw;w Nyrhd jdpkq;fis nraw;if my;yJ J}z;lg;gl;l Kiwfspy; fjpupaf;f

jdpkq;fshf khw;Wk; epfo;T nraw;if fjphpaf;fk; vdg;gLk;. fjphpaf;f INrhNlhg;Gfs;:-

mjpf mstpy; epA+l;uhd;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s mZf;fU ciyappDs; ,yf;F jdpkj;ij itj;J nraw;if fjphpaf;f INrhNlhg;Gfs; ngwg;gLfpd;wd.

fjphpaf;f fhh;gd; taJ fzpg;G:C14 - fjphpaf;fKilaJ. ,jd; miu MAl; fhyk; 5570 Mz;Lfs;. caphpdq;fs; ,wg;G

Vw;gLk; NghJ C14 vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ epWj;jg;gl;L mJ rpijtila njhlq;FfpwJ. ,we;j nghUspy;

cs;s C14 msit fz;lwpe;Jk;> rpijT tPjj;ij fz;lwpe;Jk; me;j caphpdq;fs; ,we;j fhyj;ij> mjhtJ mtw;wpd; taij fzf;fplyhk;.


12 -PHY-TM 8. mDf;fU ,aw;gpay; (58) _ fjphpaf;f INrhNlhg;Gfspd; gad;fs; :(Oct’08)

1. kUj;Jt gad;ghL: Co 60 - Gw;WNeha; rpfpr;irf;Fk;Na 24 - ,uj;j ehsq;fspy; cs;s milg;Gfis fz;lwpaTk;> ,jaj;jpd; nray;ghl;il mwpaTk; gad;gLfpwJ.І 131 - ijuha;L Rug;gpapd; jd;ikia fz;lwpaTk; mjd; rpfpr;irf;Fk; %isf; foiyfis ,lkwpaTk; gad;gLfpwJ. Fe59 - ,uj;j Nrhifia fz;lwpaTk;P 32 - Njhy; Neha;fspd; rpfpr;irf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.

2. tptrhak;: ( P32 ) gaph;;fspd; tpisr;riy mjpfg;gLj;jTk; ntq;fhak;. gaW tiffspy; Kis tpLtij> nfl;Lg;Nghtij jLf;fTk; kw;Wk;jhdpa tiffspd; MAis mjpfhpf;fTk; gad;gLfpd;wd.

3. njhopw;rhiy:- fjpup;af;f INrhNlhg;G fye;j caT vz;nza;fis gad;gLj;jp ve;jpuq;fspd; Nja;khdq;fis gw;wp mwpayhk;.

4. %yf;$W caphpay; : kUe;J jahhpj;jy; kw;Wk; mWit rpfpr;ir fUtpfspy; Ez;Zaph; fpUkpfis mopf;f gad;gLfpd;wd.

fjphpaf;f fhh;gd; taJ fzpg;G:C14 - fjphpaf;fKilaJ. ,jd; miu MAl; fhyk; 5570 Mz;Lfs;. caphpdq;fs; ,wg;G

Vw;gLk; NghJ C14 vLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ epWj;jg;gl;L mJ rpijtila njhlq;FfpwJ. ,we;j nghUspy; cs;s C14 msit fz;lwpe;Jk;> rpijT tPjj;ij fz;lwpe;Jk; me;j caphpdq;fs; ,we;j fhyj;ij> mjhtJ mtw;wpd; taij fzf;fplyhk;.

fjph;tPr;rpd; jPa tpisTfs;: (Oct’08)fjph;tPr;rpd; msT uhz;l;[d; (R) vd;w myfhy; mstplg;gLfpd;wJ.

100 R – fjph;tPr;rpdhy; Yf;Nfkpah my;yJ Gw;WNeha; cUthFk;. 600 R – fjph;tPr;R kuzj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; thuj;jpw;F 250 mR - vd;gJ xUth; ngwf; $ba fjph;tPr;rpd; ghJfhg;ghd msthFk;. ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffs ;:

1. fjph;tPr;R nghUs;fs; jbj;j Rth; nfhz;l fhhPa nfhs;fyj;jpy; itf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.2. fjphptPr;R Ma;tfq;fspy; gzpahw;Wgth;fs; fhhPa Milfs; kw;Wk; ifAiwfis mzpa

Ntz;Lk;.3. fjphpaf;fj; jdpkq;fs; njhiyf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwapy; ifahsg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

nraw;if jdpk khw;wk; :- nraw;if Kiwapy; xU jdpkj;ij kw;nwhU jdpkkhf khw;Wjy; nraw;if jdpk khw;wk;

vdg;gLk;.

v.fh. 7 N 14 + 2 He4 8O17 + 1H1

nfa;fh; Ky;yh; vz;zp:- (Mar’07), (Oct’07), (Jun’09)

fjph;tPr;Rfspd; nrwpit mstpl nfa;fh; - Ky;yh; vz;zp gad;gLfpwJ.

jj;Jtk; :-fjph;tPr;Rfs; thAf;fspd; topNa nry;Yk; NghJ thAf;fis madpahf;fk; nra;fpd;wd.

mikg;G:- fz;zhbahy; #og;gl;l cNyhff; Foha; (C) NfNjhlhf nray;gLfpwJ. Fohapd; mr;rpd; topNa mike;Js;s lq;];ld; fk;gp (W) MNdhlhf nray;gLfpwJ.

FohahdJ> MNdhL fk;gpapypUe;J kpd;fhg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.Fohapy; Fiwe;j kpd;dOj;jj;jpy; Mh;fhd; thA cs;sJ.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (59) _ _ Fohapd; xU Kid ikf;fh jfl;lhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1000V kpd;dOj;j NtWghL> 100

nkfh Xk; nfhz;l cah; kpd;jil R topahf MNdhbw;Fk;> NfNjhbw;Fk; ,ilNa nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.

nray;ghL :madpahf;Fk; fjph;tPr;R ikf;fhj;

jfl;bd; topNa vz;zpapDs; EioAk; NghJ cUthFk Kjd;ik madpahf;fj;jpdhy; rpy madpfs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

,it kpd;dOj;j NtWg;gl;lhy; KLf;fg;gl;L nry;Yk; NghJ NkYk; rpy madpfis cUthf;fpd;wd.

vdNt rpW fhy ,ilntspapy; Vuhskhd vyf;l;uhd;fs; cUthfp MNdhil mile;J xU kpd;Ndhl;lj; Jbg;ig cUthf;Fk;. ,J kpd;jil R topahfg; ghAk;NghJ Vw;gLk; kpd;dOj;j NtWghL ngUf;fg;gl;L vz;zpia nray;gl nra;Ak; vz;zp Fwpg;gpLk; vz;zpf;if fjph;tPr;rpd; nrwpTf;F Neh;j;jftpy; mikAk;.

mZf;fU gpsT:-fdkhd jdpkj;jpd; mZf;fU ,U Jz;Lfshf ciltJld; kpf mjpfkhd Mw;wYk; ntspg;gLk;

epfo;T mZf;fU gpsit vdg;gLk;.

92 U 235 + 0 n1 56 Ba141 + 36 Kr 92 + 3 0 n1 + Q (Mw;wy;)

njhlh;tpid:-mZf;fUg; gpsitahdJ fl;Lghlw;w Kiwapy; njhlh;e;J eilngWk; epfo;T njhlh;tpid

vdg;gLk;.

khWepiy gUkd;: (Oct’08)xt;nthU gpsitf;F gpwFk; Fiwe;jJ xU epA+l;uhdhtJ mLj;j gpsitia

Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; mikAk; gpsitg;nghUspd; gUkd; khWepiyg; gUkd; vdg;gLk;.

khWepiy epiw (Oct’08)khWepiy gUkd; nfhz;l gpsitf;F cl;gLk;

nghUspd; epiw khWepiy epiw vdg;gLk;.

mZf;fU ciy: (Mar’06) mZf;fU ciy vd;gJ KOikahd

fl;Lg;ghl;NlhL> jw;rhh;Gila mZf;fU gpsT tpid eilngWk; mikg;G MFk;.

1. gpsitf;F cl;gLk; nghUs; my;yJ vhpnghUs;: 92 U 235 gpsitf;F cl;gLk; nghUs; (my;yJ) vhpnghUshf nghJthf gad;gLfpd;wJ. rpy ciyfspy; Pu239 kw;Wk; U 233 vhpnghUshf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. vhpnghUs; nky;ypa Foha;fspy; milf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,J gpsitf;F cl;gLk; jz;L MFk;. ,j;jz;Lfisf; nfhz;l mZf;fU ciyapd; gFjp> mZf;fU ciy ikak; vdg;gLk;.

2. jzpg;ghd;: mZf;fU gpsitapd;NghJ ruhrhp Mw;wy; 2 MeV cila ,uz;L Ntf epa+l;uhd;fs;

ntsptUfpwJ. ,e;j Ntf epa+l;uhd;fis ruhrhp Mw;wy; 0.025 eV nfhz;l FiwNtf epa+l;uhdhf (ntg;g epa+l;uhdhf) khw;wpj; jUtNj jzpg;ghdpd; gadhFk;.

rhjhuz ePh;; kw;Wk; fdePh; vd;git> nghJthf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; jzpg;ghd;fshFk;. rpy ehLfspy; fpuh/igl; jzpg;ghdhf gad;gLfpd;wJ. thpirahf mikf;fg;gl;l

vhpnghUs; jz;LfSf;fpilNa jzpg;ghd; mikAk;.Physics M.PALANICHAMY , M.Sc.,M.Ed.,M.Phil ., P.G TEACHER IN PHYSICS, GHSS, ETTARAI

12 -PHY-TM 8. mDf;fU ,aw;gpay; (60) _ 3. epA+l;uhd; %yk;:-

mZf;fU gpsT njhlh;tpidia Kjy; Kiwahf njhlq;fp itf;f epA+l;uhd; %yk; Njitg;gLk;. Nubak; my;yJ GSl;Nlhdpak; my;yJ nghNyhdpaj;Jld; nghpypak; fye;j fyit nghJthf epA+l;uhd; %ykhf nray;gLfpwJ.

4. fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; jz;Lfs;: (Oct’07),it njhlh;tpidia fl;Lg;gLj;j cjTf;$baitahFk;. ,it epA+l;uhd;fis mjpf mstpy;

cl;ftUk; jd;ik nfhz;lit. nghJthf fhl;kpak;> Nghuhd; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; jz;Lfshf gad;gLfpd;wd. ,j; jz;Lfis mZf;fU ciyapDs; nrYj;jpNah my;yJ ntspNa vLj;Njh tpid tPjj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk; ek;ehl;by; cs;s midj;J jpwd; mZf;fU ciyfspYk; Nghuhd; fhh;igL (B4C) fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; jz;lhf gad;gLfpd;wJ.Fsph;tpf;Fk; mikg;G:

mZf;fU ciyapDs; Vw;gLk; ntg;gj;ij ePf;f ,e;j mikg;G gad;gLfpwJ. rhjhuz ePh;> fdePh; kw;Wk; jput Nrhbak; Fsph;tpg;gdhf gad;gLfpwJ. ey;y Fsph;tpg;ghd; vd;gJ cah; jd;ntg;g Vw;Gj;jpwd; kw;Wk; mjpf nfhjpepiy

Mfpait ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,it vhpnghUs; jz;Lfspy; ,Ue;J ePuhtp cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F ntg;gj;ij vLj;Jr; nry;;fpwJ. ,e;j ePuhtpiaf; nfhz;L lh;igd;fisr; Royr; nra;J kpd;dhw;wy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. 6. epA+l;uhd; vjpnuhspg;ghd; :

,it epa+l;uhd;fis vjpnuhspj;J kPz;Lk; mZf;fU ciyf;Fs; nrYj;jp epa+l;uhd; ,og;ig ngUkstpy; jLf;fpd;wd. Ntf cw;gj;jp ciyfspy; ANudpak; my;yJ Njhhpak; epa+l;uhd; vjpnuhspg;ghdhfg; gad;gLfpd;wJ. 7. ghJfhg;G mikg;G:

jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; fjphptPr;Rfspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L mZf;fU ciyahdJ Rkhh; 2 kP Kjy; 2.5 kP tiu jbkd; nfhz;l fhd;fphpl; Rth;fshy; #og;gl;Ls;sJ.

mZf;fU ciyfspd; tiffs; kw;Wk; gad;fs; (Mar’09)1. Muha;r;rp ciyfs;: Muha;r;rpf;F Njitahd epA+l;uhd;fisAk;> fjphpaf;f INrhNlhg;GfisAk; cUthf;fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. 2. cw;gj;jp ciyfs;: (Mar’09) gpsitf;F cl;glhj> mjpfk; fpilf;Fk; nghUs;fis (U238 ) gpsitf;F cl;gLk; ( Pu239 ) nghUshf khw;Wfpd;wd. 3. jpwd; ciyfs;: mZf;fU gpsitapdhy; cUthFk; ntg;g Mw;wiy kpd; Mw;wyhf khw;Wfpd;wd.

mZf;fU ,izT:,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l ,Nyrhd mZf;fUf;fs; ,ize;J xU fdkhd mZf;fU

cUthFk; epfo;T mZf;fU ,izT vdg;gLk;. i`l;u[d; Fz;L:

mZf;fU ,izTj; jj;Jtk; i`l;u[d; Fz;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mZf;fU ,iztpw;F Njitahd ntg;gepiyia mZf;fU gpsT%yk; ngwg;gLfpwJ. (50 kpy;ypad; bfphp ntg;gepiy)

fh];kpf; fjph;fs; : (10-Mark-Mar’08), (10-mark-Mar’10), (3-Mark-Jun’10) fhkhf; fjph;fis tpl gy klq;F madpahf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;l fh];kh]; vdg;gLk;

Gwntspapd; midj;J jpirfspy; ,Ue;Jk; Gtpia milAk; fjph;tPr;Rfs; fh];kpf; fjph;fs; vdg;gLk;.Kjd;ik fh];kpf; fjph;fs;: (Mar’08)

tspkz;lyj;jpd; ntspg;Gwg;glyj;jpDs; EioAk; fh];kpf; fjph;fs; Kjd;ik fh];kpf; fjph;fs; vdg;gLk;. ,jpy; 90 % GNuhl;lhd;fs;> 9% `Pypak; kw;Wk; fdkhd mZf;fUf;fSk; cs;sd. ,jd; Mw;wy; 108 MeV.


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (61) _ _ Jiz fh];kpf; fjph;fs;: (10-Mark-Mar’08), (3-Mark-Jun’08)

Gtpapd; tspkz;lyj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpYs;s thAf;fSld; Kjd;ik fh];kpf; fjph;fs; tpid Guptjhy; Jiz fh];kpf; fjpu;fs; cUthfpd;wd. ,jpy; Jfs;fs; GNuhl;lhd;fs;> vyf;l;uhd;fs;> ghrpl;uhd;fs;> kPrhd;fs;> /Nghl;lhd;fs; ntt;NtW tpfpjq;fspy; fye;J ,Uf;Fk;.FWf;Ff;Nfhl;L tpisT:(Mar’08) (Oct’07), (Jun’09), (Mar’10)

FWf;Ff; Nfhl;ilg; nghUj;J fh];kpf; fjph;fspd; nrwpT khWgLtNj FWf;Ff; Nfhl;L tpisT vdg;gLk;.

JUtg; gFjpapy; nrwpT ngUkkhfTk; ( = 900) Gtp eLtiuf; Nfhl;Lg; gFjpapy; ( = 00) rpWkkhfTk;> 420 Kjy; 900 tiu nrwpT khwpypahfTk; cs;sJ. JUt gFjpapy; fh];kpf; fjph;fs; Gtp fhe;j tpirf; NfhLfSf;F ,izahf tUtjhy; vt;tpj tpirAk; nray;gLtJ ,y;iy. vdNt nrwpT ngUkkhf cs;sJ.

eLtiuf; Nfhl;Lg; gFjpapy; fh];kpf; fjpu;fs; Gtp fhe;jg;Gyj;jpw;F nrq;Fj;jhf tUtjhy; tpyf;fkile;J tpyfpr; nry;tjhy; nrwpT Fiwthf cs;sJ. mjpf Mw;wYld; neUq;Ffpd;w Jfs;fs; kl;LNk eLtiuf; Nfhl;bid mila KbAk;. Fj;Jau tpisT: (Mar’08), (Mar’10)

Fj;Jauj;ijg; nghUj;J fh];kpf; fjph;fspd; nrwptpy; Vw;gLk; khWghL Fj;Jau tpisT vdg;gLk;.

cauk; mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ fh];kpf; fjph;fspd; nrwpT mjpfhpj;J Rkhh; 20Km cauj;jpy; ngUkj;ij milAk;. mjw;F Nky; nrwpT FiwAk;. Gtpapd; midj;J gFjpfspYk; Nrhjid KbT xNu khjphpahf mikfpd;wJ. .fh];kpf; fjph; nghopTfs;:

fh];kpf; fjph; nghopT> fjph;tPr;R Nkhjy; kw;Wk; Nrhb cUthjy; fhuzq;fshy; cUthfpd;wd. fh];kpf; fjphpYs;s Mw;wy; kpFe;j vyf;l;uhd; my;yJ ghrpl;uhd;

mZf;fUf;fSld; Nkhjp Mw;wiy ,of;fpd;wd. ,e;j Mw;wy; ,og;G cah; Mw;wy; nfhz;l /Nghl;lhdhf ntsptUfpd;wJ.

,e;j /Nghl;lhd; mZf;fUTld; tpidGhpe;J vyf;l;uhd; - ghrpl;uhd; Nrhbia cUthf;fpwJ (Nrhb cUthjy;) ,e;j vyf;l;uhd;> ghrpl;uhd; mZf;fUf;fSld; Nkhjp kPz;Lk; /Nghl;lhid cUthf;FfpwJ. (gUg;nghUs; mopjy;). ,it NkYk; mjpfg;gbahd vyf;l;uhd; - ghrpl;uhd; Nrhbfis cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd. ,;t;thwhf nghopT Nghd;W /Nghl;lhd;fSk; vyf;l;uhd;fSk;> ghrpl;uhd;fSk; kpf mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; cUthfpd;wd. ,JNt fh];kpf; nghopT vdg;gLk;


12 -PHY-TM 8. mDf;fU ,aw;gpay; (62) _ ÷\õiE¸ÁõuÀ ©ØÖ® £¸¨ö£õ¸ÒAÈuÀ: (Mar’06), (June’06), (Mar’07)

AvP BØÓÀ öPõsh L÷£õmhõßPÒ AqUP¸øÁa _ØÔ²ÒÍ Á¼ø©¯õÚ ªß¦»zxhß ÂøÚ¦›ÁuõÀ G»Umµõß & £õ]mµõß ÷\õi E¸ÁõQÓx. Cx ÷\õi E¸ÁõuÀ GÚ¨£k®. ÷\õi E¸Áõu¾US ©Öuø»¯õP G»UmµõÝ®, £õ]mµõÝ® Cøn¢x L÷£õmhõß E¸ÁõQßÓx. Cx £¸¨ö£õ¸Ò AÈuÀ GÚ¨£k®.

mbg;gil Jfs;fs;:/Nghl;lhd;:

,J kpd;D}l;lkw;w> epiwaw;w Mw;wiy vLj;Jf;nry;Yk; kpd;fhe;j fjph;tPr;rpd; Fthz;lk; MFk;. ,J xspapd; jpirNtfj;jpy; nry;Yk;.nyg;lhd;: (Jun’07)

vyf;l;uhdpd; epiwia tpl 207 klq;F my;yJ mjw;F Fiwthd epiw nfhz;l Nyrhd Jfs;fs; MFk; v.fh: vyf;l;uhd;> ghrpl;uhd;> epA+l;hpNdh kw;Wk; Mz;l;b epA+l;hpNdh > Neu; kw;Wk; vjph;kpAahd;fs; kPrhd;fs;: ,it 250me kw;Wk; 1000me f;F ,ilg;gl;l xa;T epiw nfhz;lit

v.fh: -kPrhd; > k.-kPrhd; (Nfahd;) kw;Wk; η-kPrhd;. ghhpahd;fs;: fdkhd Jfs;fspd; njhFjp ghhpahd;fs; vdg;gLk;. GNuhl;lhd;fs; kw;Wk; epA+l;uhd;fs;> epA+f;spahd;fs; vdg;gLk; (epiw Rkhuhf 1836 me )

vQ;rpa fdkhd Jfs;fs; i`g;uhd;fs; vdg;gLk;. i`g;uhdpd; epiw 2180 me f;Fk; 3275 me f;Fk; ,ilapy; mikAk;. v.fh: Nyk;lh> rpf;kh> ir> kw;Wk; XNkfh i`g;uhd;ffs;;.

__________________________________________________________________________________1. 4Be8 AqUP¸Âß Bµ®............. (BB)

(a) 1.3 × 10 -15 m (b) 2.6 × 10 -15 m (c) 1.3 × 10 -13 m (d) 2.6 × 10 -13 m2. 13Al27 ©ØÖ® 14Si28 GßÓ AqUP¸UPÒ GuØS GkzxUPõmhõP Aø©²®?

(BB), (Mar’07), (Oct’07), (Mar’08) (a) I÷\õ÷hõ¨¦ (b) I÷\õ£õº (c) I÷\õ÷hõß (d) I÷\õ©º

3. AqUP¸ JßÔß {øÓ ÁÊ 0.03 amu GÛÀ, Auß ¤øn¨¦ BØÓÀ (BB) (a) 27.93 eV (b) 27.93 KeV (c) 27.93 MeV (d) 27.93 GeV

4. AqUP¸¨ ¤ÍøÁø¯ ÂÍUSÁx (BB) (a) Tk ©õv› (b) vµÁz xÎ©õv› (c) SÁõºU ©õv› (d) ÷£õº Aq ©õv›

5. AqUP¸ÂÝÒ EÒÍ AqUP¸z xPÒPÒ GuÚõÀ PÁµ¨£kQßÓÚ? (BB) (a) Dº¨¤¯À Âø\ (b) {ø»ªßÛ¯À Âø\ (c) AqUP¸ Âø\ (d) Põ¢uÂ¯À Âø\

6. ö£¸© A¯Û¯õUS® vÓøÚ¨ ö£ØÖÒÍøÁ (BB) (a) {³mµõßPÒ (c) γ – PvºPÒ (b) α – xPÒPÒ (d) β - xPÒPÒ

7. ]øuÄ ©õÔ¼ 0.0693 / |õÒ öPõsh Pv›¯UPz uÛ©® JßÔß AøµB²m Põ»® (BB), (Oct’07), (Oct’08) (a) 10 |õÒPÒ (b) 14 |õÒPÒ (c) 140 |õÒPÒ (d) 1.4 |õÒPÒ

8. ÂÁ\õ¯zvÀ £¯ß£kzu¨£k® Pv›¯UP I÷\õ÷hõ¨¦ (BB), (Jun’06), (Jun’08), (Oct’08), (Oct’09) (a) 15P31 (b) 15P32 (c) 11Na23 (d) 11Na24

9. AqUP¸¨ ¤ÍøÁ JßÔÀ öÁÎ¨£k® \µõ\› BØÓÀ (BB) (a) 200 eV (b) 200 MeV (c) 200 meV (d) 200 GeV

10. AqSsk öÁizu¼À £¯ß£k® uzxÁ® (BB), (Jun’09), (Mar’10) (a) Pmk¨£õhØÓ AqUP¸ ¤ÍøÁ ÂøÚ (b) Pmk¨£õhõÚ AqUP¸ ¤ÍøÁ ÂøÚ (c) AqUP¸ CønÄ ÂøÚ (d) öÁ¨£ AqUP¸ ÂøÚ

11. Cµzua ÷\õøPø¯U PshÔ¯¨ £¯ß£kÁx (BB), (Mar’07), (Jun’07) , (Jun’09), (Mar’10) (a) 15P31 (b) 15P32 (c) 26Fe59 (d) 11Na24


12- ,aw;gpay; jkpo;top (63) _ _ 12. RÌPshÁØÔÀ Cµzu|õÍ[PÎÀ EÒÍ Aøh¨¦PøÍU PshÔ¯¨ £¯ß£kÁx (Mar’08)

(a) 15P31 (b) 15P32 (c) 26Fe59 (d) 11Na24 13. 80Hg198 + X → 79Au198 + 1H1, GßÓ AqUP¸ ÂøÚ°À X Gß£x GuøÚU SÔUS®?

(BB), (Jun’08), (Mar’09) (a) ¦÷µõmhõß (b) G»U mµõß (c) {³mµõß (d) i³mµõß

14. RÌUPõq® AqUP¸ ÂøÚ°À 7N14 + 0n1 → X + 1H1 uÛ©® X Gß£x.... (Mar’06)

(a) 6N14 (b) 6C14 (c) 6O14 (d) 7C13

15. 4Be9 + X → 6C12 + 0n1 GßÓ AqUP¸ ÂøÚ°À X Gß£x GuøÚU SÔUS®? (Mar’10) (a) ¦÷µõmhõß (b) α-xPÒ (c) G»Umµõß

(d) i³mµõß16. RÌUPõq® AqUP¸ ÂøÚ°À 13Aℓ27 + 2He4 → X + 0n1 X - Gß£x...... (Oct’06)

(a) 15 Si30

(b) 15P30 (c) 15Si31 (d) 15Si29

17. β – ]øuÂß÷£õx ------.....................(Mar’09), (Oct’09) (a) Aq Gs JßÖ SøÓ²® (b) {øÓ Gs JßÖ SøÓ²® (c) ¦÷µõmhõß GsoUøP ©õÖ£hõx (d) {³mµõß GsoUøP JßÖ SøÓ²®

18. I÷\õ÷hõ¨¦PÒ Gß£øÁ ............ (BB) (a) J÷µ {øÓ Gsøn²® ÷ÁÖ£mh Aq Gsøn²® öPõshøÁ. (b) \©©õÚ ¦÷µõmhõß ©ØÖ® {³mµõß GsoUøPø¯U öPõshøÁ. (c) \©©õÚ ¦÷µõmhõß GsoUøP²® ©õÖ£mh {³mµõß GsoUøP²® öPõshøÁ. (d) \©©õÚ {³mµõß GsoUøP²® ©õÖ£mh ¦÷µõmhõß GsoUøP²® öPõshøÁ

19. Pv›¯UPz uÛ©® JßÖ öuõhUP AÍÂÀ 1/e ©h[PõPU SøÓ¯ GkzxU öPõÒÐ® Põ»®.... (BB), (Mar’06) (a) Aøµ B²m Põ»® (b) \µõ\› B²mPõ»® (c) Aøµ B²mPõ»zvÀ £õv (d) \µõ\› B²mPõ»zvß Ç©h[S

20. N13 ß Aøµ B²mPõ»® 10.1 {ªh[PÒ. Auß B²mPõ»® (BB)

(a) 5.05 {ªh[PÒ (b) 20.2 {ªh[PÒ (c) {ªh[PÒ (d) •iÂ¼

21. Pv›¯UPz uÛ©® JßÖ öuõhUP AÍÂÀ e-1/2 ©h[PõPU SøÓ¯ GkzxU öPõÒÐ® Põ»®.... (Jun’06)

(a) Aøµ B²m Põ»® (b) Aøµ B²m Põ»® /2

(c) \µõ\› B²mPõ»® (d) \µõ\› B²mPõ»®/2

22. Pv›¯UPz uÛ©® JßÔß Aøµ B²m Põ»zvØS® \µõ\› B²m Põ»zvØS® EÒÍ öuõhº¦¯õx ? (Mar’08)

(a) (b) (c)

(d)

23. xU fjphpaf;fj; jdpkj;jpd; miuMAl;fhyk; 300 ehl;fs; vdpy;mjd; rpijT khwpyp (Mar’09) (a) 0.00231 ehl;fs; (b) 0.00231 / ehs; (c) 0.0231/ ehs; (d) 0.0231 ehl;fs;

24. J¸ uÛ©zvß ÷|ºªß PvºPÒ, ö£°ß¤›mä {øÓ©õø»°À Ç ÷ÁÖ£mh _ÁkPøÍz ÷uõØÖÂUQßÓÚ. C¢u ÷|ºªß A¯ÛPÒ (BB) (a) J÷µ {øÓø¯²® ÷ÁÖ£mh vø\÷ÁPzøu²® öPõsi¸US® (b) J÷µ {øÓ ©ØÖ® vø\÷ÁPzøuU öPõsi¸US® (c) ÷ÁÖ£mh {øÓ ©ØÖ® J÷µ vø\÷ÁPzøuU öPõsi¸US® (d) ÷ÁÖ£mh {øÓ ©ØÖ® vø\÷ÁPzøuU öPõsi¸US®


12 -PHY-TM 8. mDf;fU ,aw;gpay; (64) _ 25. 26Fe56 AqUP¸Âß ¤øn¨¦BØÓÀ (BB), (Oct’07)

(a) 8.8 MeV (b) 88 MeV (c) 493 MeV (d) 41.3 MeV

26. AqUP¸Âß AhºzvUS®, £õuµ\zvß AhºzvUS® EÒÍ ÂQu® _©õµõP (BB)

(a) 1.3 × 1010 (b) 1.3 (c) 1.3 × 1013 (d) 1.3 × 104

27. G¢uzxPÒ £›©õØÓ® öuõhº¢x |øhö£ÖÁuõÀ AqUP¸Âø\ ÷uõßÖQÓx.... (Mar’06), (Jun’07),(Mar’09), (Oct’09)

(a) ö»¨mhõßPÒ (b) «\õßPÒ (c) øí¨£µõßPÒ (d) L÷£õmhõßPÒ

28. RÌUPõq® xPÎÀ Gx ö»¨hõß BS®..... (Mar’06)

(a) G»Umµõß (b) ¦÷µõmhõß (c) {³mµõß (d) π-- «\õß

29. 1 amu US \©©õÚ ©v¨¦ ....... (Jun’06), (Oct’06) , (Oct’08) (a) 931 eV (b) Põº£ß AqÂß {øÓ (c) 1.66 x 10-27 kg (d) BU]áß AqÂß

{øÓ 30. 1 amu US \©©õÚ ©v¨¦ ....... (Jun’09)

(a) 931 MeV (b) 931 meV (c) 931eV (d) 913 MeV31. ö£¸© Fk¸Ä® vÓß öPõshøÁ....... (Oct’06)

(a) α – xPÒPÒ (b) β - xPÒPÒ (c) γ – PvºPÒ (d) ¦÷µõhõßPÒ32. AqUP¸ Eø»°À uo¨£õÚõP¨ £¯ß£kÁx... (Mar’07)

(a) Põmª¯® (b) ÷£õµõßPõºø£k (c) PÚ}º (d) ²÷µÛ¯® (92U235)

33. ¤ßÁ¸ÚÁØÔÀ GøÁ uo¨£õß AÀ» .... (Jun’07) (a) vµÁ ÷\õi¯® (b) \õuõµÚ }º (c) Qµõø£m (d) PÚ}º

34. 92U238 I÷\õ÷hõ¨¦ α ©ØÖ® β ]øuÄPøÍ Aøh¢u ¤ÓS 82Pb206 BP ©õÖQÓx. AUPv›¯UPzvÀ öÁÎ¨£k® α ©ØÖ® β xPÒPÎß GsoUøP •øÓ÷¯ .... (Mar’07)

(a) 6, 8 (b) 4, 3 (c) 8, 6 (d) 3, 4

35. ZXA GßÓ uÛ©® Akzukzx ‰ßÖ α- ]øuÄPøÍ²® |õßS β- ]øuÄ PøÍ²® Aøh¢u ¤ÓS YGßÓ uÛ©©õP ©õÖQÓx GÛÀ, YuÛ©zvß {øÓGs ©ØÖ® AqGs •øÓ÷¯... (Jun’07)

(a) A-12, Z-2 (b) A-12, Z+2 (c) A-12, Z+4 (d) A - 8, Z+4 36. ZXA GßÓ uÛ©® Akzukzx ‰ßÖ α-]øuÄPøÍ²® |õßS β- ]øuÄ PøÍ²® Aøh¢u

¤ÓS YGßÓ uÛ©©õP ©õÖQÓx GÛÀ, uÛ©® Gß£x... (Mar’08)

(a) Z-6YA-12 (b) Z+2YA-12 (c) Z-2YA-12

(d) Z-10YA-12 37. PõªÛ AqUP¸ Eø»°À G›ö£õ¸ÍõP¨ £¯ß£kÁx.... (Oct’07), (Oct’09)

(a) 92U238 (b) 92U233

(c) 92Pu239 (d) SøÓÁõP ö\ÔÅmh¨£mh ²÷µÛ¯®

38. {øÓ _È¯õPÄ® BÚõÀ BØÓÀ Eøh¯uõPÄ® EÒÍ xPÒ.... (Mar’08) (a) G»Umµõß (b) L÷£õmhõß (c) ¦÷µõmhõß (d) {³mµõß

39. J¸ L÷£õmhõÛØS...... (Jun’08) (a) BØÓÀ Esk BÚõÀ {øÓ _È¯õS® (b) {øÓ Esk BÚõÀ BØÓÀ _È¯õS® (c) {øÓ BØÓÀ Cµsk÷© _È¯õS® (d) {øÓ BØÓÀ Cµsk÷© •iÂ¼¯õS®

40. kpd;D}l;ldw;w epiwaw;w Mdhy; xspapd; jpirNtjj;jpy; nry;Yk; Jfs;…… (Oct’08) (a) ghhpahd; (b) kPrhd; (c) nyg;l;lhd;

(d) /Nghl;lhd;41. J¸ AqUP¸Âß Bµ® 2.6 x 10-15 « GÛÀ Auß {øÓGs ¯õx? (Jun’08)

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16 42. SøÓ÷ÁP {³mµõßPÎß C¯UP BØÓÀ.... (Jun’08)

(a) 1000 eV •uÀ 2000 eV Áøµ (b) 2000 eV •uÀ 0.5 MeV Áøµ (c) 0 eV •uÀ 1000 eV Áøµ (d) 0.5 MeV •uÀ 10 MeV Áøµ

43. fPo; tUtdtw;wpy; vJ ghupahd; gphpitr;NrHe;jJ? (Mar’10) (a) /Nghl;lhd; (b) vyf;uhd; (c) igahd; (d) GNuhl;lhd;


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