Date post: | 17-Jan-2015 |
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Technology |
Upload: | sri-rice-international-programs-cals-cornell-university |
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Rice cultivation -- in crisis all over the world
Sri Lanka -- no exception ,with its:
Shrinking cultivable area
Fluctuating annual production levels
Stagnant yield gains
Water scarcity
Escalating input costs
Rice cultivation --under crisis
Increasing input costs – keeping farmers interested in rice cultivation is itself a challenge
Aggravated agrochemical use – leads to risks for human health
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) SRI -- eco-friendly,
rice- growing technology
SRI rice – presents less risk to human health
Madagascar Rice Production System (MRP)
Developed in 1980’s
Major principles
Planting method – Wider spacing and single/double seedling
Soil fertility management – Plenty of organic matter addition
Water management – non-inundation or AWD
Weed control – non- chemical
Wider spacing Single
seedling
Non-chemical weed control Wider
spacingNon-inundation
See the difference
SRI was introduced to SRI Lanka in the late 90’s
Still adoption by farmers is very low
Reasons could be either one or a complex mix of
Technical, Social, Economic, and Policy-oriented factors
Study was conducted to investigate
Biological feasibility of SRI management practices adopted by farmers at different locations
Economic viability of SRI
Social compatibility of SRI as perceived by Sri Lankan rice farmers
Research Study
Methodology Economical viability Pre-tested questionnaire
survey among SRI and non-SRI
farmer Social acceptability categories
Biological feasibility Collected soil samples from SRI and non SRI
(conventional rice farming) fields and analyzed in laboratories
Soil penetration measurements in SRI and non-SRI fields
Questionnaire survey to collect farmer observation on soil health, crop health and resilience to climatic changes of SRI and non-SRI rice
District Village/Organization
Number of Questionnaires
Completed
Number of Soil Samples Collected
SRI Non SRI Total SRI Non
SRI Total
Hamban-thota
Lunama, Miniethiliya, Ihalagama, Rotawewa, Thissa, Lunugamwehera, Thanamalwila, Hambantota, Bandagiriya, Gonnoruwa, Angunakolapalassa, Weerawila, Sooriyawewa, Pallemalla, Ranna, Ambalanthota, Badalangala
90 37 127 12 8 20
Anuradha-pura
Thambuththegama (Makulewa, Nallachchiya, Galnewa, Thalakulama, Thalakolawewa, Meegalewa, Mudungoda, Thammannawa, Hureegaswewa, Thispanepura, Halambawewa, Samaneliya, Siyambalagaswewa, Kalankuttiya)
41 16 57 3 3 6
Putthalam Nawagaththegama (Amunuwewa, Tharanagahawewa, Nawagaththegama, Kuruluwewa)
12 8 20 3 3 6
Wanathawilluwa (Eluwankulama) 22 10 32 3 3 6Kurunegala Rambukkana (Godagandeniya, Beligodapitiya,
Weragoda, Medawala, Weralupotha) 16 9 25 3 3 6
Kegalle Warakapola ( Niwatuwa, Kukulpane, Nawgala, Warakapola, Gasnewa, Tholangamuwa, Pahala weligalla, Hingurupola)
27 14 41 3 3 6
Total208 94 302 27 23 50
Questionnaire survey
Questionnaire survey
Key informant discussion
SRI soil SRI field
SRI soil sampling
Penetration measuremen
ts
BIOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF SRI UNDER LOCAL ENVIRONMENTS
Results There was enhanced soil fertility in SRI fields
against non- SRI rice fields Soil in SRI fields had enhanced physical
and chemical properties Farmers were adequately aware of the
difference of crop health and soil health of SRI rice vs. non- SRI rice
Interviewed SRI farmers had awareness on the biological advantages and eco-friendly nature of SRI to a satisfactory level
Around 50 % of interviewed SRI farmers had recognized the various advantages and resilience to climatic change of SRI
Hamba
ntho
ta
Ranna
Amba
lant
hota
Tham
buth
the.
..
Kuru
luwew
a
Wan
atha
willuw
a
Rambu
kkan
a0
0.5
1
1.5
2
SRI Non SRI
Location
Org
an
ic m
att
er
%
Rambu
kkan
a
War
akap
ola
Wan
atha
villu
wa
Kuru
luwew
a
Thab
utht
hega
ma
Hamba
ntho
ta
Ranna
Amba
lant
hota
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400SRI NON SRI
Location
Pen
etr
ati
on
resis
tan
ce
(MP
a)
Healthy leaves
Thick leaves
Straight leaves
Greenery0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Leaf Characteristics
Perc
en
tag
e o
f re
sp
on
den
ts
Loos
en soi
l
Salin
ity fo
rmat
ion
Deep
soil
Hard
pan
form
atio
n
High
fertili
ty
Soil
moi
stur
e ric
h
Text
ural
impr
ovem
ents
Impr
oves
dra
inag
e
Impr
ove
WHC
Less
er w
eed
grow
th05
1015202530354045
HambanthotaRambukkanaWanathawilluWarakapola
Soil Characteristics
Perc
en
tag
e of
resp
on
den
ts
Drought Wind Flood occurrences0
10
20
30
40
50
60 Hambanthota
Rambukkana
Wanathawillu
Warakapola
Climatic Characteristics
Perc
en
tag
e o
f re
-sp
on
den
ts
Rice yield (Tons/ha) in SRI and non SRI
Production system
Ham. Nawa. Ram. Tha. Wan. Wara. All
SRI with traditional varieties
3.04 NA 3.12 3.39 3.79 2.88 3.24
SRI with improved varieties
4.73 5.92 5.26 5.11 3.12 4.6 4.98
Non – SRI 6.06 2.53 4.11 4.58 3.69 3.45 4.07
System is biologically feasible
But still many of SRI farmers are shifting from SRI to conventional rice cultivation
Some didn't have intention to continue SRI due to some other reasons
Thank you