138 West Bishop Street Bellefonte, PA 16823 Change Service ......Keystone Tap - Spring 2006...

ATTENTION: WATER / WASTEWATER DEPTWhen finished reading, please route to: Operators / Managers Clerk / Treasurer Board

Change Service Requested

PRSRT STDU.S. Postage

PAID Permit No. 196Bellefonte, PA

138 West Bishop StreetBellefonte, PA 16823

NEPTUNE TECHNOLOGY

f.'S ~~!iUSON. a WOlSELEY company

PA Water Specialties

Co.

Keystone Tap - Spring 2006

WWW.PRWA.COM 1

BOARD OF DiRECTORS

Samuel Surfone Pt<'Sident- At L"'!"

Hampton To,.nsltip Munkipol Authority

J ohn McC~dy Vice Pn:sident • District 3

WiUiantstown Borough Authority

Bob Dloueh II Secmary ~ Distri-ct S

Jenner Area Joint Sewer Authority

David Quinn Trea5olrer • District 2

Cove Village Asso<iotion

Guy ShafTer Assistant Secreaaryffreasurcr- District 4

Wolktr Township Water Association

Blltine Rhodes Oim:tor - Ois1ric1 6

Venanao Water Company

Ctorgt Crum Oi~or - Dis1ric1 I

Southwest Delaware County MA

Teresa Rlssntl~r NR IV A Director

Christiana Boroush

F.XECUTIVE DrRECTOR

John ~1. Hood

PROGRAM FIELD MANAGERS

J~l Jordato S"""'< Water PfO&rlUtl Manager

Source Wnter Specialist

Penny M.Coy Water Pmarom Manq<r

Tralning Specialist. Training Cootclinator

f iELD STAf f

J ohn Buskirl< Wastowllter Circuit Rider

Glenn Cowles Water Circuit Rider

Mat1 Genchur Sou.roc W:nC'f J>rouxtion Spcc:inlis.t

Kurt Mcfadden Wastcwaltt Training Ttchnician

J udy Muehl Groundwntcr Specialist

Don Muir Source Water Protec-tion Specialist

Dave Muzzy Wastewater Tr.aining Technician

Cbrls Sh utt Wate-r Circuit Ridu

Rolph Yonoro Cross---Connection Control Specialist

~n.ralwater --Table of Contents

Advertiser ~1dcx ............................................................................................................. 63 Annual CONFERENCE 2006

Awards Banquet THURSDAY Evening ................................................................. 53 Conference Updatcs ...................................•.......•...........•.......................................... 4 Del<gt~te Rcgistrntion Form .................................................................................... 11 Dinner Event TUESDAY: M~t!l·/V-Greet At CHAMPS ......................................... IS Dinner E•'l:llt WEDNESDAY: Sports Night .......................................................... 2 I PAC RaOle ............................................................................................................... 7 Poker Championship ................................................................................................. 9 REGISTRATION form for System Members .......................................................... S Signature Sponsors ............................................................... Inside FRONT COVER Turkey Calling Contest ..................................................•........................................ 23 Wat<r TDSiing Contest ............................................................................................ 19

Changing Curren IS .......................................................................................................... 34 Clay & 3D Archery Shoot 2006 Dates ........................................................................... 51 Cross Connection Control & Buck:Oow Prevention CONFERENCE 2006 •..................• 29 Hurricane Relief Efforts update ....................................................................................... 3 Golf Outing: PRWA's Event Dates for2006 .................................................................. 46 Professional Office Conference 2006 ..........................................•.............•...................• S6 Winner of Conference Entry by prwa billing services .................................................. 51 Utilishield & PRWA: Line lnsttnl11Qc ...........................................................................•. 2S Salory Survey .................................................................................. Inside BACK COVER Mentbers

Application to become a member ofPRWA .......................................................... 64 Associate/Exhibitors Members ..................•...................•........................................ 62 System Members & Subscriptions ....................................... ................................... 58

()pemtor Cenification Exams Dmes for 2006 ................................................................. 14

Special Feature Columns Cross Coruteetion Control Program: Implementing & Enforcing: by Kirk Elkin .... 30 Legal Review: Strategic Considerations by Jim Melia ........................................... 16 Legislative Comer: Sarah EuiSCy, PR IV A .......•.••.....••••...•.•..•••....•...••.•...•••...•.....••.• 6 Te-ch Brief: leak Detection & Water Loss Contro1 ............................................... 42 Tech Update: Alternative Toilets ............................................................................ IS Water System FEATURING Seven Springs Municipal Authority ......................... 32 Wastew:uo- System FEATURING Centre I fall Pouer Sewer Aulhority ................ 12

Personae! Columas Co,.les. Glenn: "Count Your Blessings .................................................................. 40 Buskirk, John: "Hello PRWA!" .............................................................................. 48 Genchur. Mau: "\Vho·s Been Driving My Wntershcd?" ........................................ 26 Hood, John: "From The Executive Director's Desk" ............................................... 2 Jordan. Joel: "Consido-The Sourec~ ...................................................................... 20 McCoy. Pcr01y: ~Drought P13nS" ............................................................................ 36 McFadden. Kun: "Chapter 252·• ............................................................................. 52 Muehl. Judy: "Down the Well. .. Traveled ROlld-.................................................. 22 Muir. Don: "Non-Point Soun:c Pollution" .............................................................. 24 MUtzY, Da'-c: "Inflow and Infiltration" .................................................................. SO Shutt, Chris: "What's on Tap?" .............................................................................. 38

Tbank You Letters Saluting Our StaiT .............................................................................. 8 Training Chalk Board & Schedule ........................................•.............................•.........•. 54 Where is this in Pennsylvania? ....................................................................................... I I Where is this in Pennsylvania?- WINNER! ................................................................. .49 Word Search ..................................................................................................................... 9

OFFIC E STAFF

Joe Fakone ChiefFinancilll omcer

Pattie .lo liomer ControllerJ'Onice Manoger/Metnbership Services

Carolyn Tyger Training Services

Sharon E. DelSignore Conrcrenc:etAdvcrtisinJIMarkctina Coordinotor

Publlcruions Editor

JefTMnnln PfO&rlUtl Administration and Web Master

Evclya Trexler Receptionist / Onic» Support


1-800-653-PRWA

by John HoodExecutive Director, PRWA

From the Executive Director’s Desk

2

“HydroSoul” ArecentarticledistributedbythePAPUCreminded me of a trend that is definitely beneficial in some ways (and in certain circumstances) buteventuallyleadstoatremendousloss.Largecompanieshavebeenbuyingupsmallwater/wastewatersystemsandmany times it isbecauseDEPor thePUChasencouragedthetakeover.Eventuallywemay,atsomedistantpointinthefuture,arriveatapointwhereourlocalwaterandwastewatersystemsarenotrunbyalargeconglomeratelocatedoverseasbutbyasupercomputerwithasoftwareprogramthatnevermissesawatertestorfailstosendinareportontime.Whenthisoccurs,somewillsaythatwehaveapproachedoptimization of our deliverysystem. Iwouldliketopointoutthat,with this typeof remoteoperation,wemisssomeveryimportant “happenings”. Wewould miss the communityblock grants that Connie Lance obtainedforCranesvilleand the new water facilitiesat Leesburg spearheaded bySue Shepp. East Petersburgwouldmiss the leadership ofHerb Mattern and WalkerTownshipAssociationwouldhavemissed the loyal serviceof Guy Shaffer. Guy was

theretohelpformthewaterassociationin1955;andhas managed it efficiently ever since. Remotemanagement is very organized androutine.Youcanalmost“mailitin”,sotospeak,asfar as local involvement goes.But, everyday therearethousandsofpeopleacrossPennsylvaniaworkingtoprovideruralwaterandwastewaterservices thatdonot“mailitin”.Theyareproudoftheworktheydo.Theymeet the challenges of treating drinkingandwastewaterinamannerthatkeepstheirsystemin compliancewith eachnew regulation.They aretaking courses and becoming certified; serving on volunteer boards and working hard to serve theircommunities. Also,ifourlocalsystemisrunfromEnglandor France there is no reason to meet the secondTuesdayofeachmonthatthecommunityorboroughbuilding.There would be no need to spend timetogetherdecidinghowtomeet thenewchallenges,nofeelingofcommunity,andnochance tosee thepictureofHelen’snewgranddaughterorthetenpointbuckthatEarlshotonthelastdayoftheseason.Wedo need efficient management that assures quality waterservicesbutthereisnoneedtothrowthe“babyoutwiththebathwater”(which,bytheway,canbeeffectivelytreatedbyyourlocallyownedandoperated

4

System Member Re~stration Appro"" Co<

I echnical Training S Industry Exhibits ~ 2006 ~ruralwatet·Conference ~·~a~~~~rs

M 2..., __ 1,_ 24 Penn Stater •fEhg•ble

ar~ • Conference Center, State College, PA t1 Please use one form for each rson attendi other than s user

Please Print or Type: Your Full Name:

Address: PA DEP Client 10 # -------------------------- ------------City: _____________ State: ___ ZIP: ____ _

Phone: FAX: ----------------------- --------------------------E-Mail: -----------------------------------------------------System Company Name:

All Registrations received after 2-17-06 must add $35.00 administration fee Type of Attendance Registration Fee's include all Meals EXCEPT Banquet

FULL CONFERENCE: MEMBER COST: $185.00 (Early Bird)

FULL CONFERENCE: NON-MEMBER COST: $310.00

Single Day Conference: MEMBER COST: $130.00

C RCLE DAY ATTENDING:

Tuesday Wednesday NON-MEMBER COST: $175.00 Thursday Friday

Spouse Registration: Full Conference: $170.00 --,..--.,...,...----.._..~.._'*""'

Thursday EVENING AWARD BANQUET TICKETS: DINNER & ENTERTAINMENT! $45.00/person

Circle Entree Choice > > Pork Chop/ Beet Prime Rib/ vegetarian

PRWA, 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA 16823 Rll it out and FAX or Mail it in! 814-353-9341

Method of Payment; 0 Check I Money Order OR Indicate one: 0 Please Invoice me! t\\tt\

Amount due:

$ .00

--~"""'!"" ______ iil ___ iil ____ ,.x .... ~~~~~~~~~ Charge Card Number ~'t!rifir.ntion Cllde £:rpimtion /)me Sigr~attur-•SiJ;Itillg this .\'tat~s th.ar llw•~ read 1111 tire rldes

J or 4 1 a11d ~gultlliOilt. Please con tad the offictfor details.


1-800-653-PRWA6

by Sarah EutseyPRWA State Legislative Committee Chairperson

Get to Know Your Legislators!

It’searlyspringanditremindsmethat thePRWAAnnualConferenceisontheway!Itissuchagreatconferencetoattendandmostlyrejuvenatinglikethenewerweather. InthisarticleIwouldliketotalktoyouaboutbuilding relationshipswithStateLegislators. Oneimportantway to begin building relationships andinfluence policy outcomes is to meet in person with yourlocallegislators.Establishingthisrelationshipearlywillpayoffwhenkeyvotescomeupduringthesession.Layingthegroundworkcanbeginwithasimplemeeting.Thefollowingstepsshowhowtosetup,prepare,andfollow-uponameetingwithyourstaterepresentativeorsenator.

1. Logistics2. SetUp3. Prepare4. AtTheMeeting5. GetaCommitment6. FollowUp

Remember,legislatorsaremuchmorelikelyto pay attention to the comments and opinions ofa person they know and respect than a facelessconstituent.Get to know your legislators! Logistics: Meetingwithalegislatorusuallyworks well with 2 – 5 people focusing on a specific issueorbill.Myvisitshavebeenone-on-oneandtheywereveryrelaxedandproductive. SetUp: Youmaywish tosenda letter toyour legislator in advance requesting the meeting andfollow-upwithaphonecall.Don’tbeafraidtocallyourlegislatordirectlytosetupameeting.Tellhim/hertheissueyouwouldliketodiscussandsetupamutuallyagreeabletimeandplace. Prepare: Plan how themeetingwill runandwhowillspeakfromyourgroup.Agreeamongyourselveswhatyouwouldliketoaskthelegislatorandwhatactionyourwanthim/hertotake. AtTheMeeting: Startbyallowingeveryone

in the group to introduce themselves. You shouldask specific questions and allow the legislator to respond.Bereadytodefendyourpositionwithfactsandinformation.Showthelegislatorhowaparticularbillwouldaffecthis/herdistrict. Itisimpossibleforalegislatortoknoweverydetailofeveryissue.Makesureyouarepreparedtoexplaintheissueorbillincasehe/shedoesnotknowalotaboutit.Youmaychoosetobringsomewritteninformationabouttheissueorbill. GetaCommitment: Makesurethatyouareabletoleavethemeetingknowingwherethelegislatorstandsonthebillorissueandwhathe/shehasagreedtodo.Documentthemeetingandbesuretoincludewhathe/sheagreedtodo. Follow-up: Followupwitha letter to thelegislator,repeatingthedetailsofthemeetingandanyoutcomesoragreementsmade.Don’tforgettothankhim/herformeetingwithyou. Fromthebaseofhavingmetface-to-face,worktokeepthelinesofcommunicationopen.Callorwriteyourlegislatorstogetupdatesonyourissuesorbillsandrestateyourposition.Whenthelegislatorsareintown and hold a forum, go and ask questions. If you areattheCapitalforanyreason,makesureyoustopinandsayhellotoyoursenatorandrepresentative.Be ready to set up subsequent meetings as new issues ariseoraskeyvotesapproach. Remember,legislatorsaremuchmorelikelytopayattentiontothecommentsandopinionsofapersontheyknowandrespectthanafacelessconstituent. Get to know your legislators! Youwillbesurprisedatthesatisfactionyouwillgainfrompersonalinvolvementinourlegislativeprocess.Itisaninterestinglearningexperienceandarewardingpublicresponsibility. You can join our legislative committee bysendingyourname,system,[email protected].

Sarah


WWW.PRWA.COM 7

Please contribute

a prize to our PACRaHie

~n.ralwater A--Please Contact Sharon for these Details & Marketing Advantages!

Call: 800-653-PRWA or Email: [email protected]

PlGirs members don\ ju.s1 mvest with PLGIT They a"' PLGIT Our memb<rs built us from the ground

up, .00 nch memb<r o"'m a picoe o£ PLGIT In £act, our memb<rs guide PLGm lm$nwnt philosophy and 0\'trsee our operations And th<y do It well. 0\•er the years, PLGIT h:u grown into • trust with nearly s• billion in assetS. Call us today at 1-800-572-1472 or ,;sit our web site at Mvw.PLGIT.eom, and find out why PLGIT IS the perfect fit (or your loal government or school.

fi'LGIT Existing Solely For Your Success

I-800·S72·l472 • www.PLG IT.eom 0. lnron.:.IM cbs Ol't rqft5C'm an ~ 10 sdl « • iC.Wution ttl .n ofitt tt buy Ott sdltltYf imd « othrr ta.'Unl)': In~ should. ClCil'ISidn tht IIMDIIMl clltcahu. Nits and ~ bdott lM~ m tnJ of tbt lftiJtl pordoiiOt. ~...a GUier lnfofmati~m ~bout dw lnm\ ponloli~»ll Jo\otibbk tn Cklll ponfobo\i C\lrm. lnforrnaion ~ ..... t....-h thoulil bt fUll attl\altt bt• In~ A <OF')' of lhat lnf011Mlk'!R ~~ _,.. bt c4lwool b) alliall~j7l-J .. 72 • as l'...a.lllt 011 \W lrusU •'tbtllt a W'A'W~ \\,.lc the: t'L(.If .-d PlkiVAitM p;,nlo:dwt 5td!.IIO ~a~ tid :.tSJct ,-aJ:~~~ttl$1.00 pd ~and lbt ft.GJ)'I'fU.M ponfctio S«bto~ I nrt.-d "* of$1.00poersba at Its suecd uut:J.;.dty. tbcttcan be .0 ~ ~~~ thr Dd a!llld l--alun "'liM vuy from tfla ~ loA ithntmmt 1n tbt 1tull II tlelllaium! OC pwanlted by tlw fordni&l Drpol;it lnioUnct ~.MlOft Ot IUIY C!IN:r ~ • •q Slum

ol1hc- li\IM~ ponlulW. IlK dltt~ by PFM F•DII O~t .. lor>. lK., mclllba- NASO

Jill M.Grt. PI.C.IT.cla!'.' ~ P1.GITIPLUS.Ct.a~s ,SUm;, PLGIT/1~ S~ PLGfTifllDt. Pt.GI"J.CD and PI.GIT/ARM m ~ m;arb of 1M ~"JJ'Ul.«tt Gol.'\'mmtr'l IIWf'MIII('I'II TNII

Thank YouLetters

SalutingOur Staff

8 1-800-653-PRWA

PennsylvaniaRuralWaterAssociation,

LouisianaRuralWaterAssociationwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankyouforsendingsomeofyourexperiencedstafftohelpinourhurricanereliefefforts.Yourwillingnesstohelpisoverwhelmingandtrulyappreciatednotonlybyusbutalsothesystemstheyhaveworkedwith. Weareveryappreciativeofyoursupportaswellasyourassistingusinoureffortsbyprovidingsupporttothewaterandwastewaterindustryinourdamagedstate.Theworldisabetterplacewiththehelpofassociationsandstaffsuchasyours.

Thankyouagain,Pat

WewouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankthePennsylvaniaRuralWaterAssociationfortheirassistanceinourtimeofneedduetothetremendousdisasterthatHurricaneRitahasbroughttoourparish.Theknowledgeandassistancethatyourentirecrewbringswiththemisirreplaceable.Theprofessionalmannerinwhichtheyapproacheachproblem,theircompassiontowardsthepeopleofCameronParish,andtheirdesiretohelpspeakshighlyofyourpersonnel.Yourcrewhashelpedusexpeditetherecoveryprocessofoursmallsystems.OnbehalfofallofthewatersystemsinCameronParishandthecitizensofCameronParishwewouldliketoextendoursincereappreciationforallofyourtirelesshoursofhardworkintherecoveryeffortofourcommunities.

WithSincereGratitude,CameronParishWater&Wastewater

November2,2005

PRWAStaff,

ManythanksforanenjoyabletrainingsessionatthePleasantAcrescomplex.Penny,Dave,andallthestaffareanassettotheindustry.

TimothyL.Pfaff,UtilitySupervisorWestManheimTownship

December22,2005

Gentlemen:

OnceagainMr.Cowleshascometoourrescueinlocatingawaterleakwhichwascostingusinexcessof40,000gallonsofwaterperday.

WewouldliketothankMr.Cowlesforthehelphehasgivenusatthistimeandinthepast.Wearelookingforwardtoalongandcongenialworkingrelationshipwithhim.

JohnThurman,ChairmanWestCarrollTownshipWaterandSewerAuthority


WWW.PRWA.COM

Thank YouLetters

SalutingOur Staff

8 9

PRWA WORD SEARCH

Findthewordsinthegrid.Wordscangohorizontally,verti-callyanddiagonallyinalleightdirections.

K C H Y Y R A I T R E T W Y M J V C LQ L Z H N P M Y Q Q M E R N N R H A TN K N B R R L F R P T W C V O L C T TK H E V R P N M N A Z P Y T O I V T HF W G R Z E R F L H H D A R M N K S EN D Y H E X A U L L W R I E A Q Q E RH P X K M C C K K L Y N H Q I G R N MD K O F C I H C P P E C R R R T K A OT T P R T Y Z A U O O K N C E Y P H PR D L R F C M M R I I F T K T B P T HE T A Q Z A P D B G Z N Z P C F P E IF P T R J R I N J C E W T Z A M B M LR N L P K B T R X Y I A C X B F Z O IA R D M R O Z P Z M Z X R I M K R L CC F M U T N R Z R K M R O E N W D A YT T T M M W N O O G A L B T A A E H TO H Y K A P H O S P H O R U S L G I QR R A N N E Y C O L L E C T O R P R RY P T N C P W R L B R E A K O U T T O

BACTERIABIOCHEMICALBREAKOUTBREAKPOINTCARBONCHLORINELAGOON

ORGANICOXYGENPARTICULATEPHOSPHORUSRANNEYCOLLECTORRECHARGEAREAREFRACTORY

ROTARYPUMPTERTIARYTHERMOPHILICTOXICTRIHALOMETHANESTURBIDWEIR

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FAX us at (814) 353-9341 or E-mail us at [email protected].

ThisphotoisofalandmarksomewhereinPennsylvania.Doyouknowwhere?Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveanideawherethissceneislocated,you may FAX or E-mailyouranswer to thePRWAoffice. A winner is chosen fromahatdrawingof thecorrect submissions. Wewillannouncethelocationanswer and thewinner ofthiscontestinthenextissueoftheKeystoneTap.

Where is This in PA?

12

The Centre Hall Potter WastewaterTreatment Plant services a primarily residentialareaservingapopulationofabouteighteenhundredpeople,inCentreCounty.Theareahasthenormalrestaurants,grocery stores, andothercommercialactivities.Oneelementaryschoolisintheservicearea.

Background The existing on-lot septic systems had ahighpercentageofmalfunctionsbecauseofthelackof adequate lot sizes and suitable soils for on-lot disposal. A wastewater survey was completed in1991bytheBoroughandTownshipandtheresultsshowed: 20%ofsystemswerecesspools,boreholesor

sinkholedischarges 30%reportedmalfunctioningsystems 12% had separate systems for wash/drain

water

InNovemberof1992,thePotterTownshipSupervisors and Centre Hall Borough adopteda Sewage Facilities Plan to provide municipalsewerage service to Centre Hall Borough andsurroundingareasofPotterTownship.InOctober1993,theCentreHall–PotterSewerAuthoritywas

Featured Wastewater System

Centre Hall-Potter Sewer AuthorityformedbytheTownshipandBorough.TworesidentsfromPotterTownshipandthreeresidentsfromCentreHallBoroughcomprisetheBoard. Constructionoftheplantandcollectionsystemwasbegunin1996andcompletedbythefallof1997.A total of 946EDU’swere connected beginning inthefallof1997andallofthelateralconnectionswerecompletedbythefallof1998.Currentlythereare1142EDU’sconnectedtothesystem.Thecollectionsystemismainlyaconventionalgravitysewerwithabout75,000feet of sanitary sewer lines andonepumping stationconstructedin2005toserviceanewdevelopment.Atotal of9500 feetofpressurized sewer linemakeupthe remainderof thecollectionsystem including twoprivatepumpingstations(trailerparks).Thetotalprojectcost was 6.2 million with 4.8 million financed through PennVest.

Treatment Process Description Thetreatmentplantisa285,000gallonsperday,Aqua-Aerobics sequencing batch reactor. Plant flows are currently about 127,000 gallons per day. Sequencing batch reactors act as an equalization basin, aeration basin and clarifier all within a single reactor. Two reactors are used in a predetermined sequence of operation. Amicroprocessor systempanel controls the processand allows the flexibility to vary the several phases of operation.Eachreactormaintainsitsownbiomass,andduring the final aeration, settle and decant phases the rawwastewaterispumpedintotheoppositereactor.Attheendofthesettlinganddecantcycle,asubmergedpumpdrawssludgefromthebottomofthebasintotheaerobicdigester.Thesludgewastingdurationcontrolsthe mixed liquor concentration for the reactors.Major Components Preliminary treatment of the wastewaterincludesamechanicalLakesideMicroStrainerscreencontained in a preliminary treatment building.Thescreensaretransportedupascrewconveyorandthrough

13

Featured Wastewater System

Centre Hall-Potter Sewer Authoritya compaction/dewatering chamber. The screeningequipment produces de-watered screenings capable of passingtheEPAPaintFilterTest.Thewastewateristhenpumped from an influent wet well to the batch reactor basins. The aeration equipment consists of three thirty-horsepowerpositivedisplacementblowersforthebatchreactorsandthreesevenandhalfhorsepowerpositivedisplacementblowersforthetwoaerobicdigesters.Thebatch reactors have three banks of retrievable fine bubble diffusers,and tworetrievablecoarsebubblediffusersare used in the aerobic digesters. AquaDDM floating mixersareinstalledinallofthetanksandaredesignedto provide sufficient mixing energy to keep the biological solids in suspension.The mixers also enhance thetransferofoxygentohelpmaintainauniformresidualdissolvedoxygenlevelinallportionsofthereactors.Theblowersarecycledtoenhancenutrientremoval. Two floating gravity decanters withdraw the treatedwastewater throughanoutletweir just belowthesurfaceofthewater.Thepositionoftheoutletweirallows effluent to be withdrawn from the uppermost portion of the basin without allowing any surfacescum to be drawn into the effluent. The weir assembly discharges into a post equalization basin. The treated wastewaterisdisinfectedusingultravioletlight.

Discharge Location Priortoconstruction,twooptionswerediscussedwith DEP concerning the effluent discharge location. One option would include a direct discharge intoSinking Creek (a high quality stream) and the other option involveddischarging into a vastwetland areapriortoSinkingCreek.Studiesreviewedindicatedthatthe treated effluent discharge into the wetland area has a positive impact on the wetland and the subsequent receivingstream.The“polishingeffect”ofthewetlandactsastertiarytreatment,loweringtheBOD5,TSSandnutrient impactonSinkingCreek,so thisoptionwaschosen.The eight-inch, 11,000 foot pressure outfalldischargestoariprapareanearthewetlands.

Sludge Disposal Two forty-by-forty sludge drying bedswereincludedintheconstruction.ThemajorityofthesludgegeneratedbytheplantishauledtotheUniversityAreaJoint Authority as a liquid, where it is processed through

theircompostingfacilities.Thedriedsludgefromthe beds is hauled to a local landfill.

Process Control Routine process control consists of pHmonitoring,settleablesolidstests,dissolvedoxygenprofiles and microscopic exams of the mixed liquor. TSS samples from thewaste sludge and reactorbasins are run weekly. Sludge age and F:M arecalculatedweekly.

Centre County Grange Fair DuringthelastweekofAugusteveryyear,theGrangeFairisheldinthecommunity.TheGrangehasitsowncollectionsystemanddischargesintotheCHPSAcollectionsystemviaameteringmanhole.In 2002, the Grange installed a flow equalization system,which dramatically improved the plant’scapability to handle the total nitrogen loading.Duringtheweekofthefair,totalnitrogenloadingtotheplantdoublesalongwitha30%increaseinplant flow.

Staffing / Miscellaneous Two full time employees (DaveHartnett,Tony Shreffler) and a part-time office manager (Carol Welch)comprisethestaff.TheAuthorityrecentlypurchased a push camera and a trailer mountedjetter.Incomeandexpensesareupdatedyearlyandprojected for a five-year period. Rates are currently $53permonthperEDU.The treatmentplanthas


1-800-653-PRWA14

.Janual") 18, 2006 Craw lord Count~ Registration deadline: 12/21 05

Janual") 31,2006 Berks (ount\ Registration deadline: 113106

March 24, 2006 Hosted at Annual Confc•·cncc! Centre ( OUOt) Registration deadline: 2117 06

May 16,2006 Linesville; Crawford County Registration deadline: 4/ 18/06

May 18,2006 Lawrenceville; Tioga County Registration deadline: 4/ 18/06

July 11, 2006 Seven Springs Resort; Westmoreland County Registration deadline: 6/ 13/06

July 20, 2006 Berks County Registration deadline: 6/22/06

September 27, 2006 Crawford County Registration deadline: 8/30/06

September 28, 2006 Westmoreland County Registration deadline: 8/30/06

November 7, 2006 Tioga County Registration deadline: 10/ 1 0/06

November 9, 2006 Centre County Registration deadline: 1 0/ 10/06

~rural A ssoc/t:1P/tJ1t

will be hosting Operator Certification Exams in 2006!

(1 day)

EXAM ONLY $25 for Members

$50 for Non-Members

Hurry to meet deadlines & avoid closed test dates!

PRWA website: www.prwa.com

for more information and/or to register on-line

OR Call us for the forms! 800-653-PRWA

watch for review classes prior to these test dates!


WWW.PRWA.COM 15


1-800-653-PRWA16

Increasingly,smallpublicwaterandwastewatersystemshavebeenthetargetofacquisitionactivitiesbylargerinvestor-ownedutilities.Thereareanumberofreasonswhysmallsystemsmaydecidetobeacquired.Thesefactorscaninclude:• Morestringentregulatoryrequirementsimposedatthestateandfederallevels.• Theinabilitytofundinfrastructurerequirementsduetosmallsizeandlimitedcustomer

base.• Regulatorypressurestoregionalizeinordertocompetewithprivateproviders.

The acquisition of small water and wastewater systems is not a new development.Forthelast10-15years,thenumberofsmallprivateregulatedwaterandwastewatersystemshasbeenreducedfrom500tofewerthan200.ThesystemsareprimarilyregulatedbythePublicUtilityCommission.Additionally,associationsandcooperativesprovidingwaterservicehavealsobeenthesubjectofacquisition. Now that thepoolofprivatesystemshasbeen reduced, investor-ownedutilitiesarelookingincreasinglyatacquiringpublicwaterandwastewatersystems. Forexample,PennsylvaniaAmericanWaterCompany(“PAWC”)hasacquiredanumberofpublicsystemslocatedinareaswhereithasanexistingcustomerbasesuchasButlerCountyandClarionCounty.AquaPA,theotherlargePAinvestor-ownedutility,hasfocuseditseffortsmoreinsoutheasternandnortheasternPA.Asanexample,PAWChas,since1996,acquiredthefollowingpublicsystems:• TownshipofMorrisGeneralAuthority• TaylorTownship(MercerCounty)• ApplewoldBorough(ArmstrongCounty)• IndependenceTownshipWaterAuthority(WashingtonCounty)• KoppelBorough(MercerCounty)• CenterTownship(ButlerCounty)• StrattanvilleBorough(ClarionCounty)• FranklinTownshipMunicipalAuthority(MercerCounty)• CityofCoatesville(ChesterCounty)• ButlerTownshipWaterandSewerAuthority(ButlerCounty)• WestDecaturWaterAuthority(CentreCounty)• SandyRidgeWaterAuthority(CentreCounty)• SligoBoroughAuthority(Clarion)• ShippenvilleBoroughAuthority(Clarion)• ConnequenessingBoroughAuthority(ButlerCounty)• East Fallowfield Water and Sewer Department (Chester County)

Thereareanumberofsimilarcharacteristicswhichoccurwithmanyoftheseacquisitions.Thesecharacteristicsinclude:• Theacquiredentityisstrategicallylocatedneartheexistingserviceareaoftheinvestor-

ownedutility.

STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONSFOR SMALL PUBLIC SYSTEMSF A C I N G ACQUISITION By James Melia


WWW.PRWA.COM 17

STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONSFOR SMALL PUBLIC SYSTEMSF A C I N G ACQUISITION

• Thecustomersizeoftheacquiredsystemisfrom300-400to1,500-2,000customers.• The acquisition is usually financed by PENNVEST loans.• Theacquisitionisprecipitatedbyoneormorereasonssuchas:(i)aninabilitytoobtain

needed managerial and/or operating personnel; (ii) high unaccounted for water andexpensiveleakdetectionequipment;(iii)failingwells,contaminatedsources,lowpressureor a failing filtration plant; and (iv) inability to meet regulatory requirements.

Beingacquiredbyaninvestor-ownedutilitycanhavecertainbenefits.Forexample,retailratesmaybelower.Second,theacquiredsystembenefitsfromtheinvestor-ownedutility’sretentionofprofessionalmanagement.Third,interconnectionwithaninvestor-ownedutilitymayprovideadditionalsourcesofwaterandbetterstoragecapacity.Finally,acquisitionbyaninvestor-ownedutilitymayleadtoamoreefficientbillingsystemandbettercollectioncapability. Investor-ownedutilitiesinitiallyestablisharelationshipwiththepublicsystemsthroughprovisionofcertainneededservicessuchasbilling,meterreading,testing,etc.Throughthisprocess,relationshipsarebuiltwithmunicipalofficialsthatsimultaneouslyallowtheinvestor-ownedutilitytoassesstheoverallqualityofthesystemandwhetheracquisitionmaymakesense.However,notallmunicipalitiesthatenterintotheserelationshipsnecessarilydesireorevenplanonbeingacquired.Themovementinthatdirectioncanevolveoveraperiodoftime.Animportantconsiderationinenteringintothesetypesofrelationshipsisasfollows:• Beawareofthemotivesoftheacquiringentity.Inmanyinstances,theservicestobe

providedarevaluableandcanbesuppliedatlessercostbytheprivateutility.However,beawarethattheinvestor-ownedutilitymaybeinanacquisitivemode.

• Theacquiringutilitymaybringstablemanagementandoperationalexpertise.Thesetwoareasrepresentopportunitiesfortheinvestor-ownedutilitytoofferequivalentifnotbetterservice.

• As a small system, you are eligible for PENNVEST funding. Be sure that you avail yourself ofthesefundsifyouqualify.Donotfallintothetrapofholdingoffonupgradingthesystemuntilfullobsolescenceisreached.

• Communicatewithothersmallsystemsinyourcountyandshareexpertiseandpoolresources.

Partof theacquisitionprocess involves theprivateutilityoffering tovalue thepublicsystemasameansofarrivingatafairpurchaseprice.Theprocessofvaluingasmallsystemoccursthroughwhatistermedanoriginalcostorvaluationstudy.Thisstudyexaminesallphysicalassetsofthesmallsystemandassignsavaluetothecomponentsbyanalyzingtheoriginalcostofthesystemasoffsetbytheaccumulateddepreciation.Thecostanddifficultyofconductingtheoriginalcoststudyisdeterminedbytheavailabilityofgoodrecords.Ifgoodrecordsexistonthephysicalcomponents,thenanaccuratedeterminationofthetruevaluecanbemade.Goodphysicalrecordswouldconsistofactualinvoicesforthephysicalassetsatthetimeofacquisitionandsubsequentdocumentationrelatingtoanyreplacementsorimprovements. Theoriginalcoststudywilltypicallyinvolvesitevisitsbytheappropriatepersonneltoanalyzerecordsandgatherdata.Thedataobtainedisthentakenbacktothesiteandinputtedwherecomputer programs perform analyses that assign value to various data by vintage. Where datais insufficient, informationwillneedtobeobtainedonthephysicalassetfromthemanufactureroranotheruseroftheasset.Thefinalproductwillbeanassessedvaluethatreflectsthecurrentvalueforpurposesofthesale. Oftentheendproductofthevaluationstudywillbeavaluethatdivergesfromthepriceofferedbytheacquiringutility,usuallyalesserprice.Thatpricewillformabasisfornegotiationwiththeacquiringutilityandmayultimatelybenefitthesmallsysteminobtainingapricethatiscloserto

18

.-------~ ..:::::::.-;::::::::::=:=::::::~ Midlelle Moore

Ultra-Low-Flow Toilets Water conservation

awareness prompted manufacturers to begin making more efficient

toilets in the early 1 980s. The federal government established a nation

al manufacturing standard in 1 994 mandating that new toilets sold in

the U.S. use a maximum of 1.6 gallons of water for Rushing.

Studies across the country show that these low-flow toilets reduce water use by 23 to 46 percent, saving an average 10.5 gallons of water per person daily. According to the U.S.

Environmental Protection

Water CotJSIImptlon by Toilet Gallons per Flush

Agency's Office of Water, through the use of waterefficient toilets in new construction and normal replacement. the U.S. is expected to save 7.6 bilrton gallons of water per day by 2020.

1.5 3.5 5.0

PfiDIIItl /11 Household

1 2,190 5,110 9,125

2 4,380 10.220 18,250

3 6,570 15,330 27,375

4 8,760 20.440 36,500

5 10,950 25.550 45,625 Water Consumption In Gallons per Year

• Assumes four flushes per day per person for 3 65 days.

7.0

10,220

20,440

30,660

40,880

51,100

Some toilet manufac-turers have taken water reduction further with ultralow-Row models. These toilets can use as little as 0.25 gallons per flush. Products vary in that they may have narrower bowis with a smaller water surlace, manually controlled water flow (via a foot pedal) into the bowi, or water pumps to assist in bowl emptying and cleaning.

One model eliminates the ·s• trap of a conven

tional toilet design, enab&ng waste to be washed down using less water. Another product flushes by opening a hinged flap to let wastes and a smaD amount of

water I all into a lower chamber. After several seconds the flap reseals, and a blast of compressed air forces the wastewater over the trap and out a discharge line from the toilet.

Public parl<s, restaurants, hotels, and other public facilities, such as roadside rest areas, are installing these ultra-low-flow toilets to help reduce water consumption and subsequent wastewater disposal. Ultra-lowflow toilets also enable business construction in areas where restrictions may limit sewage disposal capacity.

For example, many resort areas and municipalities place restrictions on sewage capacity flowing into publicly maintained systems. Ultra-lowflow toilets may make building in these areas possible. Similarly, facilities (like resort hotels) facing expansion difficulties due to the size of their existing onsite systems may Install ultralow-flow toilets, thus enabling their present onsite systems to adequately treat the reduced wastewater flow. (Note: This reduction in wastewater quantity does not reduce the organic loading rote to the system.)

Advantages: • Ultra-low-flow toilets reduce water

consumption and costs to the consumer.

• They contribute to preserving the environment by protecting ground water from depletion and possible contamination.

Disadvantages: • Some ultra-·low-flow models may

require flushing more than once to adequately clean the toilet bowl.

I


WWW.PRWA.COM 19

Bring your labeled bottle of water to our Conference Submit it to the Conference Registration Desk by Wednesday, March 22, 2006 before NOON Pride of Pennsylvania Best Tasting Water Winner will be announced at our Awards Banquet on Thursday, March 23rd

r"-..L-O'>~o n r a dy -..e-~onsultant

rvioes

WWW.CONRADYCONSUL TANTS.COM

You do not have to drain your tank for our inspection. Our inspection is much more convenient since we use an ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle). No Lockout/Tagout, OSHA Confined Space, or Commercial Diving regulations apply. Our ROV inspections are longer and more thorough than drained or underwater diver inspections. We have inspected more than 2,500 tanks nationwide since 1982 and our inspections are completely honest since we do not do repairs or recoats. A P.E. comes to your tank for our Inspection!!

Our very reasonably priced inspections Include the interior and exterior coating and structural integrity detailed in a computer generated inspection report signed by a P.E. that includes corrective action recommendations, coating specification, interior and exterior photographs, a CD of digital photos, a narrated VHS video tape, a DVD, ultrasonic metal thickness measurements, paint thickness measurements, paint adhesion test, and preliminary lead test.

772-562·1117 Phone & Fax, 772-321-2757 Cell, [email protected] email


1-800-653-PRWA2020

Consider the Source

by Joel JordanSource Water Program ManagerSource Water Specialist

Conferenceishereagain;seemslikewejustendedthelastone.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingallofyou.NomatterhowhardItryIcan’teverseemtomaketheroundsinayeartoseeallofyouinyourhometowns.Asalways,theConferencelookstobeagoodonewithmanyinterestingclasses.Besuretostopmeandsay“Hi”. The PRWA SWP-WHP Team will bepartneringwithJulieKollaroftheWaterResourcesEducationNetworktoprovideaSWPWorkshopatConference. Ifyouwantanexcellentoverviewofsourcewater/wellheadprotection, be sure to catchthissession.Anaddedbonusisthatitapprovedfor3.5OperatorContactHours.

EARN UP TO 15 CONTACT HOURS After theSWPWorkshop,we’llhaveashorti n t r o d u c t i o nt o a n o t h e rapprovedCourseo n We l l h e a dP r o t e c t i o n .T h i s C o u r s eis specificallydesignedforthesmallsystemutilizingagroundwatersupply(wellorspring).Thetargetsystemsizeislessthan500population,butalargersystemcouldusethisCourseeffectively.Itconsistsofacorrespondencecourse for certified operators. This means that you will utilizeaguidancemanualdevelopedbyPRWAand

workonyourownoveraperiodofmonthstodevelopa WHP Plan specific to the water system you operate. Ifyougetstuck,oneofthePRWASWP-WHPTechsisavailabletohelpyou.Ifcompletedsuccessfully,youwillreceive15ContactHoursfortakingtheCourse. Ifyouaren’tattendingConference(andyoubetterhaveagoodexcuse!),youcan still take thiscorrespondencecoursefor15ContactHours.Contactme at [email protected] or call 800-653-PRWA(7792)andaskaboutCourse#1659.ThisCoursecanbetakenanytimeandisavailableyearround.

G R O U N D W A T E R GUARDIANS Once again, I’llpush for water systemsand community groupsto join theGroundwaterGuardianprogram. ThisisagreatFREEprogramthat gives you nationalrecognit ion for yourgroundwater protectionefforts.Additionally,theGroundwaterFoundationhasdeveloped a significant amount of excellent material on groundwater education and fun events. Newcommunitiesintheprogramcanjoinanytimeduringthe year.The forms canbedownloaded at: http://www.groundwater.org/gg/forms_comm.htmlPRWASWP-WHPPrograms are aGroundwaterGuardianAffiliate along with the PA League of Women Voters WRENProgram.


WWW.PRWA.COM 21

by Joel JordanSource Water Program ManagerSource Water Specialist

... 'Iince 19-U}

Eichelbergers, QQ)liiiTY WATER. YOU Dl ~~

ecnalnlcSDU'f'A • 800-360-0660

• L/B WATER SERVICE, I NC.

~~

WELtS PUMPS

SERVICE


1-800-653-PRWA22

Down the Well... Traveled Road

by Judy MuehlGroundwater Specialist

No rush to flush your antibiotics!ByPamelaBatzel,theIntelligencer FlushingantibioticsdownBuckinghamtoiletswillsoonbeano-no. Township officials say they will spend the nexthalfyeargettingthewordoutaboutantibiotic-resistantbacteriaandprovidingresidentsalockboxwhere they can drop the pills.Besideswater, thetownship wants to keep antibiotics out of landfills and planstodestroythepillsinanincinerator. “We really want it removed from theenvironment completely,” said Ray Stepnoski,Buckingham’smanager.Thetownship’sdecisiontotrytoprohibitthepracticewas influenced by a study that found disease-causing bacteriawithantibioticresistanceinsewagetreatmentpondsinGeorgia.Antibioticsalsowerefoundinthosetreatment ponds, according to the study publishedlate last year inWater Environment Research, apublicationsubscribedtobymunicipalities,utilitiesandothers. Thestudyalsofoundthatsomebacteriaand

I hope you all had a wonderful HolidaySeasonthisyear…andthatnowyouareplanningtoattendour2006PRWATrainingConference. I have done several articles in the past onmedicationdisposal.Iwasalittlefrustratedbecauseitseemedthattherewasnorealgoodanswertotheproblem. In the January issueof the IntelligencerNewspaper, based in Doylestown, PA, there wasanarticlebyPamelaBatzelonaprojecttodisposeof antibiotics inBuckinghamTownship inBucksCounty. The article is included below. I sendmy commendations toBuckinghamTownship forpursuing this project and to the Intelligencer forbringingtheprojecttothepublic’sattention. SeeyouatConference!

antibioticshadsurvivedtheoxidationpondsusedtocleanwastefromwater.Italsofoundaturtlelivingatthedischargesitethat,upontesting,hadsignsofantibioticresistance. Allison Aiello, assistant professor ofepidemiologyattheUniversityofMichigan,saidthepresenceofantibioticsintheenvironment,suchasinsewagetreatmentsystemsandlivestockfeedingsites,“definitely can have an influence on levels of antibiotic resistanceinthecommunitysetting.” Antibioticsreleasedintotheenvironmentgivebacteriamorechancetodevelopresistances,shesaid.Bacteria are clever and quick adapters. And once they developmechanismstooutsmartthepills,theypassitalongtootherbacteria,Aiellosaid.“Youjustdon’twant(antibiotics)inyourwaterwaysifpossible.” ResistantbacteriaandantibioticswerefoundinwaterwaysaftertheywerereleasedfromtheGeorgiatreatmentponds,wheretheyweresupposedtohavebeencleanedout,accordingtothestudy’sreport. Sewage waste from about 2,000 homes invarious developments throughout Buckingham iscleanedintreatmentponds.Thewaterisreturnedtothe township’s underground aquifers, which provides township drinking water. But the water is first treated with chlorine, as required by the state Department of EnvironmentalProtection,Stepnoskisaid. Stepnoski said the townshipwould conducttests tomakesureantibioticsarenot in the treatedwater.ThetownshipplanstosendaletteraboutitsplanstotheBucksCountyDepartmentofHealth,withhopeitwillspreadtheword,Stepnoskisaid.


WWW.PRWA.COM 23

Hen A •ibtt ~lbll'er locatof*

" Ouck or Putt " Kee-Kee Run "F1V Down

•seNSUS .__,/ METERING SYSTEMS

P.O. Box 487 • 450 N. Gallatm Avenue Uniontown, PA 15401

1-800-METER-IT • 1-800-638-3748 Fax: Direct to Factory

Local: 724-439-7729 • Toll Free: 1-800-888-2403 www.sensus.com

(select "North America Water") Email: [email protected]


1-800-653-PRWA24

Non-Point Source Pollution

by Don MuirSource Water Protection Specialist

Asrainfallorwatercreatedbymeltingsnowmovesoverandthroughtheground,thewaterpicksupandcarriespollutantswithitthateventuallyentera river, reservoir, lake or groundwater source thatisusedfordrinkingwater.Pollutionsourcescanbedividedintotwocategories:1)PointSourceswherecontaminate comes from a specific source and 2) Non-PointPollution. Non-PointSourcepollution can come frommanysourcesthatinclude:

• AcidMineDrainage• Urbanrunoffthatcontainsoil,greaseandother

petroleumproducts• MarinaandBoatingActivities• Fertilizers,herbicides,andinsecticidesfrom

agriculturallandsandresidentialareas• Bacteria and nutrients from livestock, pet

wastes,andfaultysepticsystems• Sedimentfromconstructionsites,timbering

sites,improperlymaintainedcroplands,anderodingstreambanks

How do we control Non-Point Sourcepollution?Public education is probablyoneof theeasiest andbestways of controllingNPS.Makingthepublicawarethatifapollutantisdumpedontheground or in a drain that eventually it will find it’s way toadrinkingwatersource.Educatingschoolstudentswhointurneducatetheirparentsisoneofthebestways. Source water protection fliers and brochures distributedtothepublicandtheaddingofsourcewaterprotection information to the Consumer Confidence Reportwillalsoaidinmakingpeopleawarethatwemustalldoourpartinprotectingourwatersource.

• Educating farmers in Best ManagementPracticestoapplychemicals,handleanimal

wasteandcontrolrun-offwillaidinkeepingpollutants fromnearbywater sources.YourlocalConservationDistrictRepresentativecanaidyougreatlyinworkingwithlocalfarmersandagriculturalinterests.

• Homeowners need to be aware that lawncare chemicals and pool chemicals if usedor disposed of improperly can also pollutenearbywatersources.Improperlymaintainedor constructed septic systems can alsobe asourceofcontamination.

• Soil erosion and sedimentation fromconstructionsitesandtimberingoperationscangreatly affect water quality. Strict adherence tolocal,stateandfederalregulationsandthefollowing of Best Management Practiceswill help control erosion and sedimentationpollution.

Non-point pollution can bemuchharder tocontrolthanpointsourcepollution.Withpointsourcepollution the sourceofpollution isknownandcanbecontrolled.Non-pointpollutionisjustthat,notaspecific point. Therefore, controlling the pollution can be much more difficult. Wheredoyoustart?DevelopaSourceWaterProtectionplan.Theplanwillidentifythethreatstoyourwatersource(s)andhowyouplantoprotectandmanageyourwatersource.PRWAisheretoassistyou.

25

Non-Point Source Pollution

PR W A will partner with interested systems to bring this product to your community and to your

customers. Water systems will benefit by being able to provide its customers a solution to what is

otherwise a bill.

~rural www.prwa.com


1-800-653-PRWA26

Who’s Been Driving in My Watershed

by Matt GenchurSource Water Protection Specialist

Hiall!It’sconferencetimeagain;hopetosee you all there! You’ll find me at the help desk again…needaname tag? I’myourman. Can’tfind your class? I can guide you on your way. Need answers for the Operator Exam? Better find someoneelse…anyway;I’llbetheonebehindthecomputer at the deskbymyself. Of course, I’llalsobeatthepokertournament...unfortunatelyIhavetodealandcan’twin,butI’mnottoobitter…really… Seriouslythough,theconferencewillofferonesessionthatdealswithSourceWaterProtection.Basically, the class will guide you through thecomponentsofcreatinga localprogram,fundingforactivities,thestepsoftheplanningprocess,andimplementationideasandstrategies.NowthatI’vegotalmosttwoyearsundermybeltintheSourceWater Protection field, I want to share an interesting trend.Lastissue,Iwroteaboutlanduseandhowthevarioustypesupstreamofyourintakehaveagreat impact on the quality and quantity of your raw water. This issue, I want to specifically look at one landusethatmaynotshowuponmanymapsasaparticularlylargearea,butonethatisapparentlyveryimportantforruralsystems. TransportationcorridorsareshowingupasoneofthelargestthreatstothesystemsI’vebeenworkinginlately.Becauseofthelocationofmanysurfacewaterreservoirs,beingathigherelevations,themorecommonstatewidethreatslikeagriculture

andstormwaterdonot showupnearlyasoften.Theseareasaremorelikelytobeheavilyforested,andinmanycasesthewatersystemmayownsomeorallofthelandinthecontributingwatershed.So,thiscreatesasituationwheretheonlyhumanimpactis thepeople that drive through the area. In thesourcewaterprotectionareas,interstatehighwaysarecrossingthroughoneormoreofthesystems’watersheds.Interstatehighwaysbringheavytractortrailer traffic and the potential for hundreds or thousandsofhazardouschemicalsdrivingthroughyourwatersupplyareaeveryday. Evenaminorcar accidentwould spill enoughgasoline, oil, orantifreeze to contaminate your system if itwasallowedtoreachyourintake. So,howcanyouavoidapotentiallydisastroussituation?Properemergencyresponseplanningisthekey.Basically,thisprocessencouragesthewatersystem tomeetwith the proper local emergencymanagement personnel and discuss where thesensitiveareasareinthewatershedarea.Notingthelocationofyourintake(s)andstreamcrossingsthatarewithincloseproximityoftheintakewillallowforafasterresponsetimeandbetterpieceofmindaboutthesafetyofyourwatersystem. Bottomline–beawareofallofyourthreatsanddon’t overlook something that seemsminor.That’stheonethatwillcomebacktohauntyou.


WWW.PRWA.COM 27

by Matt GenchurSource Water Protection Specialist

Services fo r Backflow Prevention and Cross-Co nnections Control

• Testing: Test BackOow Prevention Valves to ensure device is working properly.

• J nspection: lnspec1 BackOow Prevention Valves for proper installation nnd application for degree of hazard.

• Diagnostic Testing: Tes~ Problem Oackflow l'revcntoon Valves for cost effective repair solutions.

• Consulting Services: Conduct Cross Connection Control Survey, Progr.un Development, Training, BackOow Prevention Valves. All Manufactures Repair Pni1S, and Test Kits.

'I Training

-


Co.

23 Winter St. Pittston, PA 18640

570-237-0978 Fax: 570-655-8634

Cross Connection Control Consultant fur

1 (~} NEPTUNE

TE CH N O L OGY G RO UP

-


1-800-653-PRWA28

Junel9 & 30, ~~~ \ n SacK\\OV.

Cross tonnect\on tontro tv I t fJI

1006 ~ C.llfeleiiCe ifEBpbk US~ Ramada Inn&: Conference Center ...... n erentea a ante State College, PA ~1\1'81~ ~

Date: Thursday,June 29,2006 -w:--= COIIJDl -v.:xulftMrai

Time Agenda

10:00 am Noon Formal Open Forum: Cross Connection Control&: BackOow Prevention in Pennsylvania Public Meeting Is our Commonwealth Protected &: Prepared?

12:00 pm·I:OO pm l unch. on your own

L'OO pm·5:JO pm Training aasses: (Reqtsl:rabon Badge Required for the rest of our Conference)

Poon Sla:e C~er ASSE Tralntng Track PRWAPADEP PRWAPADEP

Tmi111-'1Q Trat:ll Apjl!0\'8d lor Conlael Hotn Appro'led lor Con tact Hours

How to put a Bacldlow Rnidential Meter lntro to Cross Connection &

1;00 pm. 3:00pm Prevenlion Program ASSE Application Backllow Protection

Together Training 4 PA DEP Contact HOIJrs 4 PA DEP Conlact Holrs • =· ... ~ ...... •

3:00 pm • 3:30 pm Brea~ Break Break Bleak

3•30 pm. 5:30pm How to Educated 1he Public ASSE Training Reqund att&ndance for Req!NI9d attwldance kif on Backflow Protection Continued Contad Hours Contad Hours

6:00 p111 · II:OOpm Exhibit Hall OPEN- R:~lro<>nt> E~'TER THE DRAWINGSl Dinner Bcp,ins! /:ft 7:00 pm • 9:00pm Exhibitor Demo's: E:tch Booth hos 10 mlnut~ Exciting Hands-on and Technical Upda~ 01/ljJ

llooth Schedule TliAI 8 Pn:l>Cnlalion~

~ Door Prize GIVE·A·Woy" Announced th~out rhe E'-eningl You Must be present to w inl ... ;;;:::_

8:00 pm· II:OO pm E\'Cn<s in Ballroom _.;th E.'<ltibitors ... t BLACK • JACK • T ABLE! • Big Screen TV!

Date: Friday,Junc 30, 2006 ~n.ralwater ~ n mt Agencb (Registration Badge Required for entire day)

Miff., Ott~,

8:00am IO:Olhm Exhibit Hall_ Bailroonr Continent" ! Breakfast ~ --~ Door Prize GIVE·A·\Vays: Announced at &SS ami You MuS[ be presen[ [0 win!

Penn Slate Ch;,pter PRWAPAOEP PRWAPAOEP Training Track App!O\'ed for Conlad Hou's Appro-.ed lor Conlacl Hotn

Backflow 101 Diagnostic Repairs

9:00 am • 11:00 am lndusiNI Meter HANDS ON Proper Application Application 4 PA DEP Contact Hours

And Installation --*' • Lundl on your own Break Breal< Break t1:00. 12:00 pm

12:00 pm. 2:00 pm Backflow 101 1BA Requtred attendanr;a for Continued Conlad Hours


WWW.PRWA.COM 29

~n.ralwater --This Conference Begins with a Public Forum with many dignitaries. In 2005, PCN recorded the Forum and broadcasted the intense and very critical discussions. This year we expect no less! Here Is the list of Invited VIPS, and panel speakers: • Senator Raphael Musto • Senator Jake Corman • State Representative Kerry Benninghoff • Kirk Elkin, PA DEP Sanitation Supervisor

• Craig Brooks. Executive Director: Joint Legislative Alr & Water Pollution Control & Conservation Committee

• Sean Cleary, ASSE National President • Daniel Resovich. American Water • Mark SanUa. Erie Water Aulhonly • Jim Steers, State College Water Authority • Jay Tarara, PA DEP Environmental Protection Program Manager, Field

Operations of Drinking Water • Ralph Vanora. ABPA Region II Director • Marianne Walckman: ASSE Training Coordinator • Shannon Coreoroo; ASSE Executive Director

ASSE • AIMI\cln 5ocle\Y Slnlllll}' Eng~ ABPA • Ameflclln -- - tlon A-m

~rural~ 9 ~-CQN~fCTlON COHTROL A ... BAOOLOW PREVENTION

Training classes (listed to the left) finish the first day. Dinner Is served in buffet style with the Exhibitors outlining the Ballroom. We have MANY great give-a-ways and 10 minute •Mic" time for the Exhibitors In-between! It Is a very relaxed and enjoyable evening of good food, peer networking, Exhibitor relations, and of course ... Black Jack Table

The next morning starts off in the F'lll-olhit·nr till.

Room with Breakfast & more Door Prizes! Then off to dass again for more of those necessary Contact Hours! All done by 2:00 pm on Friday. What a perfect plan for learning & enjoying! Join Us!

REGISTRATION: PRWA Keystone CCC & Backflow Prevention Conference

June 29 & 30, 2006 Name: Title: _____ _ CostofAttending System/Co.: Phone: ( __ -J), ____ _

SSO for 2 day Conforenccl Address: Fax: ( ) _____ _ Guest Room fee's Separate City: State: Zip + 4: -----

Ramada I nn & Email: For Info; 800-653-PRWA Conference Center Method of payment: a Check or Money Order a Charge to Credit Qlrd :

I State College, PA card Number: X ----• 8l4-238-300l Expiration Date: Amount Due $ __ .00 Signoture as shown on card &.----- -- -- ------ -- -- - -- -- ----·-·- -- -- ---- -- -- --·

30

One of the most frequently asked questions IgetaboutCross-ConnectionControlishowoftendo backflow incidents really occur and how much damagehave theycaused in thepast. Ofcourse,because I have been educated on the subject ofCCC, I can providemany exampleswhere bothlossofproperty,inconvenienceandevendeathhavebeen caused by backflow incidents. The general public,andsadlyeventhedrinkingwaterindustry,doesn’t realize that backflow is probably the greatest remainingthreattothesafetyofourdrinkingwatersystems.Manypeoplewillviewacross-connectioncontrolprogramasanotherunnecessaryintrusionontheirlivesandassomethingelsetheyhavetopayfortomakesomebodyelsemoney.Thebrightsideisthatmanypeoplewillsupportacross-connectioncontrol program if somebody takes the time toeducatethem.Thefollowingstepsarethefoundationtoasuccessfulpubliceducationprogram.

What is Cross-Connection Control and Backflow Prevention- People willnot support something if they don’t evenunderstand what it is. Backflow is a pretty abstract concept formost people to grasp.Basic definitions of backflow, backsiphonage, backpressure,andofcross-connectionshouldbegivenandexplainedincommonlanguage.Demonstrations with three-dimensionalmodels that actually show backflowhappeningcouldbeveryuseful.Sincetherearenotmanymodelsaroundexamplesusingdrawings, schematics or other illustrationsareveryhelpful. Forexample,oneof thebestwaystodemonstratebacksiphonageiswithastrawandexplaininghowatmosphericpressure actually pushes fluid up the straw.

The Importance of Public Education

in Implementing and Enforcing

a Cross-Connection Control Program

By Kirk ElkinAnothergooddemonstrationcanbedonebyusingahoseandanelevatedcontainer.Bysubmerging thehose inwater andholdingyour thumbonone endwhile holding theother end under water then taking yourthumboff the hose and draining the hoseintoalowercontaineryoucandemonstratebacksiphonage backflow. Someone who has atrainingbackgroundcanbemosteffectivewhentryingtoexplainthebasicsofcross-connection control and backflow. I willbe available to assist youduring this steporanyother step inyourpubliceducationprogram.

Who is responsible for preventing backflow? Oneofthereasonswhycross-connection control programs have beendifficult to implement in PA is becausegood cross-connection control programsensure that everyone, including residentialconnections, make a contribution bothfinancially and with time. Chapter 109.709 states, “It is the customer’s responsibilityto eliminate cross-connections”. Thishas a broad interpretation, however,whatthis is saying is once thewater purveyorhas identified a cross-connection with the publicwatersystemonsomeone’spropertyit is thepropertyowner’s responsibility topurchase, install, and maintain all backflow preventiondevices.Itisthewatersupplier’sresponsibilitytoimplementandconsistentlyenforcethecross-connectioncontrolprogramwithintheirjurisdiction.Thismustincludeprovisions for non-compliance such astermination of service and/or fines. People

cannotdowhatyouaskthemtodoifthereresponsibilities are not clearly defined.

Where can backflow occur? -Thesimplestanswer to that question is anywhere where there are cross-connections between thepotablewater systemand anynon-potablesubstance. This statement is not enough,however. Tell peoplewhere to look for(survey) cross-connections within theirhomes or businesses. One good placeto startwould be to tell people about thehigh incidences of backflow through hose bibbs and that any threat of backflow can normallybeeliminatedthroughtheuseofahosebibbvacuumbreaker. Informpeopleaboutsubmergedinlets,boosterpumps,andpressure vessels and how they can causebackflow to occur.

Why do we have to worry about cross-connection control now? First of all,explain to people that cross-connectioncontrolisnothingnewandhasbeenpracticedand enforced in many other states andjurisdictions for decades. That cross-connectioncontrolisnotmoregovernmentredtape, that it issimplyproperplumbingpracticeanditistherightwaytodothings.Whenrepairingthebreaksonyourcarthereis a certain correct procedure and if theprocedureisnotfollowedanunsafeconditioncouldbecreated. Youcanalsoexplain toyourcustomersthatonlyinrecentyearshavepublic health agencies begun to focus onthedistributionsystemasoneofthelargestsourcesofdrinkingwatercontamination.

When will I be required to comply with cross-connection control regulations?Public Education is the best way to letyour customers know when they shouldhave backflow preventers installed and, if applicable,tested.Manyofyourcommercialcustomers may require on-site visits/surveys and individual customer complianceagreements to ensure that theyunderstandwhattheymustdoandwhentheymustdo

it. Explain to your customers that cross-connectioncontrolprogramsoftentimestakeyearstofullyimplementandthattheywillbegivenareasonableamountoftimetorespondto the requirements placed on them.

How will I prevent backflow from occurring both within my building and protect the water system from backflow contamination? This step requires that at least onememberofyourstaffbeknowledgeableon the subject of cross-connection controland backflow prevention. Taking PRWA backflow training or training by anotherreputable training provider can arm youwith the knowledge that youwill need toanswer questions and to solve problems in the field. For example, if you have a high hazard connection you will require a reducedpressure principal assembly or anair-gap. You should understand the basicoperationandapplicationofanRPbeforeyourequire that one be installed. For example, if an RP is installed, as you requested, and it begins to give your customer problemsbecause it is periodically discharging youshould be able to advise them towhat thecausesofthedischargemaybeandhowtheymight be remedied. Don’t forget to warn your customers about thermal expansion. Make sure they understand that they are

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TheSevenSpringsMunicipalAuthorityhasover1,000accountswiththeresortbeingthelargest.Theserviceterritoryislocatedintwocountiesandthreetownships.Approximately300,000gallonsofwateradayispumpedfromfourspringsandonewell.Wehavejustcompletedasixmonthstudyonour fifth spring which utilizes a bag/cartridge filtration system. We expect to have this supply on-line soon.

The well has minimal amounts of iron and manganese that had been controlled by sequestering. Desiring to deliver to our customers a better product, a pressure filter was installed. Greensand wasn’t neededsincetheironandmanganesewereinsmallamountssoatraditionalmediaofcoal,sandandgravelwasinstalled.Sodiumhypochloriteisusedfordisinfectionandasmallamountofpotassiumpermanganate is injected into the water as it passes through the filter.

SodiumHypochloriteandCausticSodaareusedatourfoursprings.SevenSpringsreceivedtheBestTastingWaterAwardin2002withthewaterfromourHemlockSpring.

AsSevenSpringsgrowsanddevelopstheneedformorewaterhasbecomeapparent.TheinitialtestingofafourthspringinTroutRunindicatedthepresenceofsurfacewater.Webeganasearchforafiltration system which was no easy task. Since the spring is located near a high quality stream and on the other side of the mountain from our wastewater treatment plant, a system requiring backwash was out of the question. I heard about a place called Brady’s Bend who had such a system. They had what I was looking for: a bag/cartridge filtration system that would allow us to dispose of the used filters by tossing them in the trash. It consists of a two-stage vessel system placed in a series. The first stage is a pre-filter fitted with a nine-layer graded density cartridge which filters out debris and larger water borne biologicalcontaminants.ThesecondstagecontainsGiardia reductioncartridges thatpolish to threemicrons,effectivelyreducingGiardiaandotherdiseaseproducingmicroorganismsby99.95percent.

WehavejustcompletedthesixmonthstudyandaftertheDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtectionreviews all testing and finds it to be within the required limits, the spring will be placed on line. Since this pressure filtration system uses no chemical addition there will be no false taste imparted to the finished waterassooftenhappenswithotherwatertreatmenttechnologies.

TheAuthorityhas2M.gallonsofwaterinundergroundstoragetanksandwithnewdevelopmentsonthehorizon,morestorageisneeded.Meetingpeakdemandshavealwaysbeenthegreatestchallenge.SevenSpringsMunicipalAuthorityhasalwaysbeendedicatedtoprovidingourcustomerswiththehighestquality water and service that delivers excellent value, always looking for innovative ways to serve you better.

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Seven Springs Municipal Authority

33

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ChangingCurrents!

Welcome to the Changing Currents column! This page is dedicated to news and current eventsforPRWAmembers.System and Associate Members areinvitedtosubmit1)New employee photos, 2) New office building photos and locations, 3) New partnerships, mergers, and business announcements, 4) New patents and product innovations, and 5) [email protected].

34

Pennsylvania Rural Water AsS<X:iation is pleased to announce that Carol Paul will be working with us as a Water, Pro-Operator Series Trainer. We are excited to have her expertise & quality experience on

lr-------------, board our team with us!

Please watch for upcoming training

classes that Carol will be instructing!

Godwin Pumps Donates to the American Red Cross BRIDGEPORT, NJ - Through a matching gift program, Bridgeport, NJ-

based Godwin Pumps and its employees recently made a donation to the

American Red cross (ARC) Hurricane Katrina Relief gedwin Fund. The Executive Director of the Gloucester County

chapter of ARC, Laura Steinmetz, presented Godwin p u m p s Pumps' President John Michael Paz with a Certificate

of Acknowledgement at Godwin's Bridgeport, NJ home office.

Robert Schwalm Inducted to Sports Hall of Fame A 1976 graduate of Minersville High, where he earned seven letters in baseball, football and wrestling. He has a tremendous record of hero-winning-efforts to lead the team to many victories. That's just the beginning! We have a very nice write up about Bob Schwalm on our web site! Please read up on this accomplished peer! Recently, Bob was celebrated the accomplishments PA Chapter of this non-profit organization founded on the principle of Athletes and those in the administration of Athletics, whose accomplishments have contributed to the rich heritage of the sports tradition, both professional and amateur of Schuykill County.

Bob, ·schwamy", can usually be found at PRWA events! Traditionally, He competes in our Conference Annual Turkey Calling Contest, and he attends our Clay Shoot in September. Bob works for Ferguson Waterworks.

Visit him at booth #26 & #27 to congratulate him! © N. FERGUSO~ H Waterworks

oWOUEUY-


WWW.PRWA.COM 35

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1-800-653-PRWA36

Drought Plansby Penny McCoyWater Program Manager Training Specialist Training Coordinator

I am writing this article the first week of JanuaryonadayIdrovetoStateCollegeforastaffmeeting.Idrovetheentire160mileswiththewindowdown,thetemperaturewasinthehigh40’sandtherewasnosnowtobeseenonthewholetrip.ItwasabeautifuldayforJanuary.Adaythatwasmorelikespringthanwinter,adaythatthegroundshouldbecoveredinadeepblanketofsnowslowlymeltingintotheground,helpingtoreplenishthewatertable.Butitisjustabeautifulspringlikeday.Thatworriesme. The “FarmersAlmanac” sayswewill havefourmajor snows this year, onewe have alreadyhad,oneinJanuary,oneinMarch,andoneinearlyApril.Foursnowsthatwillcomewithagreatforceand leave just as quickly as they descend on us. Four snowsthatprobablywon’tlieonthegroundforanyperiodoftime.Ifyouareinthewaterbusiness,thisisnotgoodnews.Weneedsnowandsnowthatsticksaroundforawhile.Snowthatmeltsslowlyandthenturnstheweatherinthespringtoniceeasysoakingrain.Weneedbothofthoseweathereventstokeepthewatertableshigh. Winter is not usuallywhenwe think abouthowlowourwatertablescangetintheheatofJulyandAugust,butweshould.TheCommonwealthofPennsylvania requires systems to have a Drought ContingencyPlan;ADroughtContingencyPlanlaysoutinplainEnglishhowyoursystemwilldealwithanyofthedroughtconditionsthestatehasestablished.DEPhasatemplateavailablethatservesasanoutlineof the minimum requirements for a plan. The Commonwealth uses five parameters to assess drought conditions. These include streamflows (comparedtothesametimefortheperiodofrecord);precipitation(departurefromnormal,30yearaverageprecipitation); reservoir storage levels in a varietyof locations; groundwater elevations in a numberofcounties(comparingtopastmonth,pastyearand

historicrecord);andPalmerDroughtIndex,ameasureofsoilmoisturecomputedbytheNationalWeatherService. The three stages of response are whenvoluntaryconservationmeasuresareneeded(StageI);mandatorywateruserestrictionsareneeded(StageII); and when water rationing (Stage III) is required toreducewaterdemandevenfurther. Thesetriggersshouldbeassociatedwithwhatbestwould call for these responses. For a systemrelyingmostlyonwells,thetriggersshouldbeeitherwell levels, or lowered capacity of production.Similarly, systemsusingstreamswouldusecertainstreamflow rates as their trigger. In all instances, any state declaration ofdroughtwatch or droughtwarning should also beusedtotriggerStageI.AGovernor’sdeclarationofDrought Emergency requires mandatory restrictions onnon-essentialwaterusesandmustalsobeatriggerfor Stage II. Going to Stage III (rationing) requires that the service area be included in aGovernor’sdeclareddroughtorwatershortageemergencyarea.Also, a rationing plan must be submitted to theCommonwealthDroughtCoordinatorforreviewandapproval,priortoactualimplementation. IflocaltriggersoccurbeforeStateDeclarations,thetriggersusedinthePlanshouldincludebothlocalandstate(e.g.,StageI,well#5dropsto75feetfortwoweeksortheStatedeclaresadroughtwatchordroughtwarning).Ifthesupplier’ssourcesprovidemuchmorewaterthatthesystemusesthenthetriggersforStageIandIIshouldonlybeStateDeclarations.StageIIIisnormallyneededwhenanindividualpublicwatersupplier’ssourceshavedepletedsuchthatdemandscannolongerbemetundermandatoryrestrictionsorhealth and safety is being threatened by inadequate watersupplies.


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Phases of drought preparedness in Pennsylvania are: DROUGHT WATCH:A period to alertgovernmentagencies,publicwatersuppliers,waterusersandthepublicregardingtheonsetofconditionsindicating the potential for future drought-relatedproblems.Thefocusduringthisstageisonincreasedmonitoring,awarenessandpreparationforresponseif conditions worsen. A request for voluntary water conservationismade.Theobjectiveofvoluntarywaterconservationmeasuresduringadroughtwatchistoreducewaterusesby5%intheaffectedareas.Becauseof varying conditions, individual water suppliersormunicipalitiesmaybeasking formorestringentconservationactions. DROUGHT WARNING:Thisphasepreparesfor coordinated response to imminent droughtconditionsandpotentialwatersupplyshortagesandinitiatesconcertedvoluntaryconservationmeasurestoavoidorreduceshortages,relievestressedsources,develop new sources, and if possible forestall theneedtoimposemandatorywateruserestrictions.Theobjectiveofvoluntarywaterconservationmeasuresduringadroughtwarningistoreduceoverallwateruses by 10-15% in the affected areas.Because ofvarying conditions, individual water suppliers ormunicipalities may be asking for more stringentconservationactions. DROUGHT EMERGENCY:This stage isa concentratedmanagement phaseof operations tomarshalallavailableresourcestorespondtoactualemergency conditions, to avoid depletion ofwatersources,toassureatleastminimumwatersuppliestoprotectpublichealthandsafety,tosupportessentialandhighprioritywaterusesandtoavoidunnecessaryeconomicdislocations.Itispossibleduringthisphasetoimposemandatoryrestrictionsonnonessentialwaterusesthatareprovidedforin4PACodeChapter119,ifdeemednecessaryandiforderedbythegovernorofPennsylvania.Theobjectiveofwateruserestrictions(mandatory or voluntary) and other conservationmeasuresduringthisphaseistoreduceconsumptivewateruseintheaffectedareabyatleast15percent,and to reduce total use to the extent necessary topreserve publicwater system supplies, to avoid ormitigate local or area shortages, and to assure equitable sharingoflimitedsupplies.

LOCAL WATER RATIONING:Althoughnot a drought phase, local municipalities may,with the approval of theCommonwealthDroughtCoordinator, implement local water rationing tosharearapidlydwindlingorseverelydepletedwatersupplyindesignatedwatersupplyserviceareas.Theseindividualwaterrationingplans,authorizedthroughprovisions of 4 PA Code Chapter 120, will require specific limits on individual water consumption to achieve significant reductions in use. Under both mandatoryrestrictionsimposedbytheCommonwealthandlocalwaterrationing,proceduresareprovidedforgrantingofvariancestoconsiderindividualhardshipsandeconomicdislocations. Preparing a Drought Plan in the winterwhenwater supplies lookgood, gives systems the


1-800-653-PRWA38

What’s On Tap

by Chris ShuttWater Circuit Rider

Wellherewearewithanotherissueofthemagazine.AsamatteroffactitistheconferenceissueandI’mlookingforwardtoanothergreattimeaswellasseeingyouallagaininStateCollege. I think we will discuss another subject ofinterest in the next couple of articles.This subjectiscorrosivewater.Ihavebeenaskedsomanytimeswhatcausesthispittingwearingandanumberofotherthingsinthedistributionsystem.Solet’stalkaboutthisnastyaffectthatgivesusallgrief. Itisimportantforawatersystemtoprovidenoncorrosivewaterthroughoutitsdistributionsystem.Corrosivewatercancause twomajorproblemsforwatersystems. Itdeterioratesdistributionsystemsandmetalplumbing materials by weakening pipes and fixtures, andthemetalsthatleachintothewatersupplyasaresultofcorrosioncanaffect thecolor,odor, taste,andsafetyofthewater. Whenpipingmaterialsdeteriorate,thedamageiscalledcorrosion. Withinpipingmaterials,corrosionis caused by the physical and chemical effects ofcorrosivewater.

It is importantforthewatersystemoperatortounderstandhow to inhibit thecorros iveness ofw a t e r , t o f i g h tphysical damageto the distributionsystem,andtoprotectconsumerhealth. I t i s a l s oimportantfordecisionmakers to knowtheir responsibilitiesin providing noncor ros ive wate r,so they can budgetand plan to meetrequirements. Two common

effectsofcorrosionarepittingandleaching.Pitting istheformationofsmallpitsorholesinpipesurfaces.Thephotoatleftshowsanexampleofpittingdamage.In copper pipe, for example, pitting may occurwhenthereisdissolvedoxygeninwaterorhighfreechlorine residual.Ahigh freechlorine residualcanlowerwater’spHlevel,causingittobemoreacidic,andthereforemorecorrosive.Thischlorineresidual,combinedwithanyoxygenalreadypresent,cancreateastrongoxidizingagent Pitting canbe causedby electrical currentsor the presence of dissimilarmetals in thewater.Whatever the cause, the end results of pitting canbe leaks or potential breakage of pipes and fixtures. While pitting affects the physical condition of thedistribution systemand service lines, leaching canaffectthephysicalconditionofwaterandconsumerhealth. Leaching describes what happens whencorrosivewaterbeginstodissolvethemetalsusedforpiping.Thewatercarriesthedissolved(leached)metalinsolutiontotheconsumer’stap.Thisleachedmetalcanaltertheappearance,odor,andtasteofwater.Forexample,leachedcoppercanturnwaterabluegreencolor,andlargeamountsofcopperinthewatercancauseabittertaste.Leachedlead,however,presentsno change in water’s appearance, taste, or odorthatconsumerscandetect,butcanaffectconsumerhealth. An excessive amount of lead is toxic tohumans.Itcandamagethebrain,liverandkidneys,and can contribute to anemia by interfering withtheproductionofredbloodcells.Italsoaffectsthenervoussystembystrippingprotectivecoatingsfromthenerves.Thepresenceofleadinthehumanbodyiscumulative.Leadbuildsupintissueandboneovertime.Itcantakeyearsforthebodytoriditselfofasingleexposuretolead. TheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency (USEPA) has adopted an action level forleadof 0.015milligramsper liter (mg/1) [15parts


WWW.PRWA.COM 39

perbillion].Corrosioncontrolstartswithprovidingnoncorrosivewater.Todothis,youmustbeawareofthephysicalandchemicalfactorsthataffectwater’scorrosiveness. Temperature is a physical factor that canaffectwater’scorrosiveness.Corrosionisachemicalreaction,which,likeotherchemicalreactions,speedsup when temperature is increased. When waterreaches a temperature exceeding 70° Fahrenheit,corrosivenessincreases.Normally,waterleavesthegroundatapproximately50-55°Fahrenheit.Onceitisinthedistributionsystem,agoodtemperaturerangefornoncorrosivewaterisbetween6070°Fahrenheit.Below60°Fahrenheit,theeffectiveness ofdisinfectionmethods may be diminished, and either greateramountsofdisinfectionchemicalsorlongercontacttimes may be required for thorough disinfection. Chemical factors that affect water ’scorrosivenessinclude: pH level Carbon dioxide Dissolved oxygen Chlorine Hardness Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)pHisavaluethatexpressestheintensityofacidorbaseofaSubstance.pHismeasuredonascaleof0to14.ApHof0indicatesextremeacidity;apHof14 indicates extremebasic (alkaline) conditions.ApHof7isconsideredneutral.IfwaterhasapHvaluebetween0and7,itisconsideredacidicandpotentiallycorrosive. ThecarbondioxidelevelinwaterrelatestoitspHlevel.Insurfacewaters,increasesanddecreasesinpHarecausedbychangesincarbondioxideusedin photosynthesis and respiration of algae.Duringtheday,organismsusesunlightandplantchlorophylltoconvertcarbondioxideintooxygen,loweringthelevelofcarbondioxideinthewater.Thisincreasesthewater’spH level.Atnight, respirationof algaeincreasesthelevelofcarbondioxideinthewater.Thisdecreases thewater’s pH level.As carbondioxidelevelsinwaterincrease,thepHleveldecreases,whichaffectsitsacidityandcorrosiveness.Groundwatersmaybeacidicbecausetheycontainlargeamountsofcarbondioxide.Thiscarbondioxidemaybecarriedbyrainwhichsoaksintothesoil,butismorelikelytobe carried by water that flows through plant roots and decayingvegetationbeneaththesoil.Groundwaterretainsahigh levelofcarbondioxidebecause it isundergroundandthecarbondioxidehasnomeansofrelease,throughsunlightorplantliferespiration,into

theatmosphere. The presence of dissolved oxygen inwaterspeedsupcorrosivereactionssuchaspitting.Sincecorrosionoccursonlyinthepresenceofoxygen,highlevelsofdissolvedoxygeninwaterwillincreaseitscorrosivenessAnexcessivechlorineresidualcanlowerwater’spHlevel,causingittobemoreacidicandmorecorrosive.Astrongoxidizingagent,chlorinecanaddtowhateveroxygenmayalreadybepresentinwater,increasingitspotentialcorrosiveness. Calciumandmagnesiumcompounds affectwater’ hardness or softness.Generally, hardwaterdepositsmineralsandsoftwaterdissolvesthem.Hardwater produces a scale in pipingmaterials,whichprotectsthemfromcorrosion.Watershouldonlybehard enough to produce a light scale or film inside pipingmaterials.Ifthewateristoohard,itproducesaheavyscalebuildupthatwillrestrictthevelocityandamount of flow through pipes. Water hardness levels between61and120milligramsperliterascalciumcarbonate (CaC03) may be beneficial in insulating pipingmaterialsfromthecorrosiveeffectsofwater. TotalDissolvedSolids(TDS)istheexpressionofthetotalconcentrationofdissolvedmineralsaltsinwater.Thesesaltsincludecalciumandmagnesiumcarbonates,bicarbonates,chlorides,sulfates,ironandmanganese.Likewaterhardness,theamountofTDSaffectswater’s Scaleformingabilities.Inorderforwatertobenon-corrosive,itshouldhaveaTDSlevelbetween50and500milligramsperliter. Physical and chemical factors are ofteninterrelated.For example, somecold surfacewatersupplieshavehighdissolvedoxygenlevelsandthusarehighlycorrosive,eventhoughtheirtemperatureiswellbelow70°Fahrenheit.Achange ineither aphysicalorchemicalfactorcanaffecttheotherfactorsthataffectthecorrosivepotentialofwater. Physical damage to piping materials andservicelinesduetothecorrosiveeffectsofwaterisaseriousproblem,butevenmoresoare thehealthriskspresentedbyleadleaching.Ofthefactorsthatcontributetowater’scorrosiveness,pHandhardnessaremostimportantincontrollingleadleaching.Youcan test the pHandhardness ofwater at your sitebeforeitgoesintothedistributionsystemtodetermineifitispotentiallycorrosive.Youcanalsodeterminetherateofcorrosion.Thenyoucanevaluateanyneedforandmethodoftreatment. WellIthinkthisistheallfornow.Nexttimewe will cover determining how corrosive is your


1-800-653-PRWA40

by Glenn CowlesWater Circuit Rider

Count Your Blessings

I hope this article finds you all well and that youhadaveryMerryChristmasandaHappyNewYear!!Ialsohopethatbythetimeyoureadthis,thatwe’redoneshovelingsnowandlookingforwardtomowinggrass. Sincemy last article, I’ve been toCalifornia,ArizonaandLouisiana–andthoughalloftheseplacesarenice…there’snoplacelikehome! Usually the most difficult part of this job for me is writing the quarterly article for our magazine…decidingwhattowriteaboutandgatheringfacts.Thisquarter, it was easy for me to decide what to write about…thefactsareallpartofmyexperience…butit’shardthinkingofthosewesawwhohadlosteverythingthattheyhadandweretryingtosurvive. Inmy last article, I said that I’dwrite thistimeabouthydrantmaintenance,butIfeeltheneedtosharewithyoumyexperience thispastOctoberwith Louisiana RuralWaterAssociation (LRWA)whilehelpingwithhurricanerelief.AlongwithKurtMcFadden, one of PRWA’s wastewater techs, wetraveledthe20hourstoworkinwesternLouisiana.BeingKurtandIdon’tspendalotoftimetogetherwhileinPennsylvania,thisgaveusthetimetogettoknoweachotherbetter. Surprisinglyenough,Kurtonlylives10milesfromme,butwehardlyseeeachother.Thisinitselfwasrewarding. After arriving at LRWA’s office in Kinder, LA, (where we would work was 75 miles from the office andonly35milesfromtheTexasborder)wewerewelcomedwith open arms and then briefed aboutthejobathand. PatCredeur,theLRWAexecutivedirector,andseveralmembersofthestaffthatwerecamped out at the office, brought us up to speed onwhathadhappened in thepastweeks. For thepreviouseightweeks,thereweremanyotherRuralWater Associations there helping LRWA. The first 4-5weekswerespentineasternLouisianaandafterthat,operationsweremovedtothewest. Weworked inmanyareaswhile inwesternLouisianaincludingHollyBeach,Johnson’sBayou,

CameronandHackberry–allpartofCameronParish.Louisianaistheonlystateintheunionthatdoesnothavecounties. Itspoliticalsubdivisionsarecalledparishes.WatersystemsareownedbytheParishandthensplitintodifferentdistricts.Amazinglyenough,the cost to the customer forwater in this parish is$.90/month.Icouldn’tbelieveiteither!!That’sright90centsamonth– this isbecauseof theoffshoreoilrigsbuyingsuchlargevolumesofwaterfortheirdrillingoperationsthatitoffsetsthecosttotheinlandcustomer. This reinforces the importance of largemetertestingandmaintenance. Thoughwemayhave to put upwith somesnowandbadweatherforacoupleofmonths,tomethat’snothingcomparedtowhatIsawinLouisianaafterhurricanesKatrinaandRita.WithinonemonthofeachotherinAugust/September,therewassomuchdamagefromthesetwohurricanesthatwhenwewerethereinOctobertheamountofdevastationthatwasstilltherewasunbelievabletome.SuchabeautifulplacerightontheGulfCoast,aslongasyoudidn’tturnaroundtoseeallofthedevastation.Thereweretownswhich once had 400-500 houses, nowwithnothing. While inLouisiana, ourmain focuswas tolocate plastic water lines. Of all the equipment that I tookwithme,themostvaluabletoolIhadwasabentmetal coat hanger. All kinds of fancy equipment and abentcoathangerworkedthebestbecausetherewerenotracerwireswiththelines.Weworkedaheadofthe other utility companies for three days locatinglines,tohelpkeepthemfrombreakinglinesastheydidtheirwork.Theotherdaysspenttherewelocatedcurbboxestoshutoffservicesothemaincouldbechargedtorestoreservice.IneverthoughtthatwhenItookthisjobthatI’dhavetolookovermyshoulderforalligatorswhileIwasworking! Even though theworkwewere performingwasmonotonousanddidn’tseemlikemuchtous,thesupportthatwasprovidedtothesecommunitieswasverymuchappreciatedbythelocaloperators,giving


WWW.PRWA.COM 41

them thewill to continue to provide safe drinkingwater.Withoutgoodwater,noonewouldbeabletorebuild.Rebuild??Weneedtorememberthatthisishomeformanypeople.Sincethe1700s,descendantsoftheAcadianshavebeeninthisareaofLouisianabecausetheyweredrivenoutofCanadabecausetheywouldnotpledgeallegiancetotheKingofEngland.So,thisishomeforthemforthepast300+years. LRWA is definitely a first class operation. Fromthestaffmeetingsinthemorning,ledbyprayerandtheneacheveningmealtheyprovided,alsoledbyprayer.Thesefolksweresoexhaustedafterthelastnineweeksofdisasterrelief,butwerestillthankfulfor all they had and were very quick to show it. The entire staff of LRWA was very quick to pull together andworkasateam…teamworkwasnumberonetothem. And can these folks cook–we enjoyed somanydifferentitemswhiletherethatmywaistlinewastheretoshowit.Afterallofthejambalaya,gumbo,boudin, crawfish, alligator, red beans and rice and crackling…tenpoundswaswithmeinahurry. WhilewewereatLRWA,theopeningsessionvideofromtheNRWAConferenceinCaliforniawasshown.Thiswasaverytouchingmoment,becauseitshowedsupportbyALLforthefolksinLouisiana,eventhoughtheywerenotabletoattendbecauseoftheneedtostayandhelpthewatersystems.ThiswasadecisionbyallatLRWA,homewastheirplaceatthetimeandwheretheyneededtobe.Afterwehadleft,LRWAsaidtheywerenotgoingtocontactanyotherstateforhelpatthattime;theyweregoingtotry toproceedonanormalschedule. Eventhough

therewaseightweeksworthofhelpbeforeus,therestillwasplenty todowhenwe left. Because theirefforts had been focused only on hurricane relief,manysystemshadbeenneglectedandtheyrealizedtheyneededsomeattentionaswellwithtrainingandtechnicalassistance. WhilewewereinLouisiana,somefolksfromVirginiawerealsothere.RickBrown,theVirginiaRuralWaterExecutiveDirectorandanoperatorfromasysteminSalem,Virginia. Itwasgreat toget toworkwiththesefolksandrealizetheclosetiesthatallfolkswhoworkwithruralwaterhave.Wealsoworkedwithdifferentoperatorswhoweretheretodowhattheycould,eventhoughtheyhadlosteverything.Wealsoworkedwithagentlemanwhowasashrimpfisherman, but because of the hurricane had lost his boat.Hewastheretohelpuntilhisnormaljobcouldberesumed. Prior to thesehurricanes, therewasagroupof executive directors that were working on anemergencyresponseplan.Becauseofthehurricanes,thedevelopmentofthisplanwasinterrupted,butitwasfoundthatthebestwaytolearnandcompriseaplan were the lessons learned in the field. Great for developing a plan, but definitely not great for those affected. The hotel thatwe stayed in also housedapproximately 50 families who had nothing. IrememberonHalloweenmorningwalkingbyaroomonmywayoutforthedayandseeingthatoneofthechildren in the roomhaddrawna jack-o-lantern tohanginthewindow.Nopumpkintocarve,butyettheywerestillmakingthebestoutofwhattheyhad.I was happy to find that I had a bag of candy in the truckthatIwasabletosharewiththechildrenatthehotel.

42

A NATIONAL DRINKING WATER CLEARINGHOUSE FACT SHEET

System Control and Data Acquisition (SCAD A)

by Zacharla M . Lahlou. Ph.D .. Technical Assistance Consultant

Summary

As small water systems continue to struggle to become more efficient. technology provides good ways to Improve operations. Nowhere Is this more apparent than In the application of control and communications systems-namely SCADA {System Control and Data Acqulsttton}--<md their ablltly to provide system and Information management that can help utilities meet regulatory requirements. reduce operating costs. and Improve customer service. A water distribution system transports water from Ute treatmentfacUity to Ute user. Tfte diStribtion system should supply water. wiUtout Impairing Its qurtll(y. In orlequnfe qurmtll/(!:!1; and ot sr!lficient pres.su,-e_t; to meet sus.tem rP.f]ulrements.

What Is SCADA? A SCAOA system consists of a computer placed at a central lO<:atlon. communiCations equip· ment. programmable logic controllers. sensors. and other devices that when put together. \viii monitor and control equipment and prO<:esses In a utility, such as a water system. Remote sites. equipped with remote telemetry unlts (RTUsJ. can be located as close as \vlthln the same building or as far away as across the country. RTUs measure a variety of conditions and parameters. Including tank levels. temperature. voltage. cur· rent. volumes. and now rates. and

control the addition of chemicals. In the distribution system. SCADA can supervise and control the water pressure of networks. assure water pressure ts uniformly dtstrlb· uted. lower the leakage rate. and store data for future analysis.

SCADA Is not a new technology by any means. but signlflcant innovations and Improvements have been achleved stnce Its Introduction. By automating many routine tasks. a SCAOA system frees the

SCADA System

report back to a central prO<:ess· Ing unit (CPU). This technology Is ~j widely accepted In the water and wastewater Industries as a reliable ""'•

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and efficient control system.

SCADA Equipment Enhances Water Operations Funcuons t11at the SCAOA system can perform Include: remote mon· ltortng or well levels and control of their pumps. and monitoring flows, tank levels. or pressures In storage tanks. A SCADA system can also monitor water quality characteristics. such as pH. tuT· btdlty. and chlorine residual. and

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viable option. Initial Installation costs. which are ofien hlgb. typically pay for themselves In a short ume through direct labor and vehicle cost savings. as well as Increased efficiency.

Due to a low c.ax base. many small communllles have limited finanCial resources for drinkIng water system management and operaUon. Thus. It Is difficult for operators to maintain extensive manual monitoring to ensu re the system

SCAOA allows wale< operators to monaor the entire distribution syslem from one location.

compiles with complex regulations. These small systems. U>ereforc. frequently violate (monitoring/

plant operator to perform other duties. such as addressing state and federal reporting require· ments. In fact. SCADA can assist In mandated reporting because It can store various activities and Information on the computer. Graphs and reports can be generated automaUcally using the data coUected remotely from the Oeld. These reports are Important In inferring producUon and consumpUon patterns. data that help manage the water resources more efficiently. Stored Information also proves invaluable when producing tlte annual Consumer Conlldence Reports required under the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA} Amendments.

SCADA Is useful In an emergency situation. hnmcdlately following an Incident. an operator crut be notified via personal pager and Increase response capability dramatically. SCADA pro· vldes multipurpose utility management. operating Oex!bUlty and more complex system control. SCADA keeps an eye on the entire system from one place.

~ SCADA Provides Cost-Ettectlve Control ~ and Monitoring for Small Water S,y•tema

two Because of Its cost. smaller systems oficn ~ viewed SCADA as a luxury Item. But water ~ system management has become complex and

SCADA has become more advanced yet. paradoxically less expensive. making SCAOA a

reporting violations) the SDWA and Its amendments. according to the National Research Council.

One solution to keeping up with ever more stringent requirements Is for several small commun!Ues to pool their resources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Is evaluating the option of using remote telemetry. eaUed an "electronic clrcult·rlder." that allows one quallJled operator to monitor and control tl1e operaUon or several small treatment systems from a cenlrally located computer. USing such a system can opU· miZe the tlllle spent taking dally readings out In the Oeld. For onslte Inspection and maintenance efforts. the RTS allows the operator to vlsll only the problemauc systems. The results expected from an approprtately dcsi!Plcd rutd successfully deployed remote monitoring ru1d control system Include enhanced water quality. compliance with existing water quality reguJaUons. and reduced operating and maintenance costs for small communities.

Security Measures Are a Concern Experienced computer hackers can access SCADA systems lhal operate over the Internet and deactivate process alarms. change cllemlcal parameters. start and stop equipment. and so on. The results of such an bttruslon can be devastating to the general public and to plant employees.

44

SCADA Contponeats aacl Teratlnology

Distributed Control System (DCS): An integrated system made up of many subsystems that are remotely located. Each subsystem can operate lndependenUy.

Modem (MOdulator DEModulator): Used to convert signals In one form to another. This Is generally used for oommunicalioo between ~ers and other devices over telephone lines or radio.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): A microprooe$Sor-based controller. usually with multiple Inputs and outputs and a program to perform control functions

Remote Telemetry Unit or Remote Terminal Unit (RTU): A microprocessor device with multiple Inputs and outputS connected to field inslnlments and devices. The RTUs translate these signals to digital form and ttansmit the same to centtallocation by radio or telephOne lines.

Many system managers Installed protection as part or Lhcir "Y2K" contingen cy plans. The Ukellhood of a terrorist cyber attack Is less llkely Lhan a cybeT attack from a dl~ntled employee. Fortunately. Lhere are steps a system can take to minimize a security breech.

The National Infrastructure ProtccUon Center (NIPC). located to the Federal Bureau of loves!· !gallons headquarters In Washington. D.C .. shares Information w!Lh publlc and private sector owners and operators of crtllcallnfrastructures. The N1PC monitors. warns. and Investigates unlawful acts Involving computer and lnformaUo•l technologies. The agency manages computer Intrusion lnvestlgaUons and supports law enforcement related to cybcr crimes.

Best practices r egardtng the securi ty or SCADA operauon Include:

• Internal threats are usualty Lhe main secu rity challenge. The key to managing Inter· nal Lhreats Is understanding who might do what and why.

• Log-Ins should be traceable and a strong password auLhenllcallon process used.

• Suggest that a uUIJty consider fiber optics to each of tis remote facilities. Thts ts the

best solution In terms of bandwtdLh and security .

• Suggest taking a look at commerctally available tools for monitoring computers and having a security team review activity weekly to verify that only authorized u sers are accessing Lhe system.

What should be considered when buying a S<;ADA &)'Stem? Selecting Lhc appropriate SCADA system sofiware Is all-tmponant. The sortware program should be capable of performing every task needed to operate and matotatn water treatment and Ute distribution system. Its use In many similar applications should prove tts reliability. Make sure the hardware supplier and U1c software developer can guarantee prompt. efficient. and cost effective support. The manufacturer should have experience In Lhe water and wastewater Industry and be able to provide service. replacement parts. and support fo.- Lhe system \vllen needed.

To expedite Lhe selection of specific devices/ components for an RTS Utat monitors and controls a sroal.l drln.klng water facility. prepare a list of features associated \vtlh the parUcular water treatment facUlty. ldenllfy Lhe water quallty parameters and typeS of monttortng Lhat are key to Lhe specific operauon. For example. monl· to.- residual cblorlne to verify disinfection operations. Next. review Lhe regulatory oompllance requirements and consider Lhem when revtewtng manufacturers· specUlcattons and dlscusstog Lhe appllcablllty of their device or system. Finally. select the monltortng device.

it Is important to document the pump char· actcrisUcs. oper ational functions. and tile physical dlnlenslons of Lhe t.reatment system before selecting components to monitor flow

,_br~~

John Barl<ey, plant operator for Martln·s Ferry, Ohio, inspects the water levels of the system's storage tanks from his desk.

45

This article is reprinted from On Tap, a free quarterly magazine published by the National Environmental Services Center (NESC). To learn more about services offered by the NESC visit www.nesc.wvu.edu or call toll free (800) 624-8301.

~ 0

four

*

rates. pressure. electrical usage. or other process functions. Know factllly speciJlcations when contacting technical representatives of process monltorl!1g/control devices. Component selection must be based on the plant's operational characteristics.

Data acquisition and telemetry components can be purchased as package Items. but again. tdentiJY an Inventory of what devices will be used on Une and what options exist for transmitting data In the locallly of the treatment plant before contacting suppliers.

For More Information Booth. R .. D. Ryan. and C. Hewell. 2001. Tedlnl<al Serurfly and

Caunterme<~suros \VhUe Paper for ll'ater UtUWes. Waslltngtoo. DC: The Natlcmal Council lor Publle-Prt1-a<e Partnerships.

Lebeau. L. W. J997. •Automauon Proje:e:t Floods Water Deparunent l\1th Useful Data.· Water Engtneertng Md Management. Des Plaines, IL: Scranton GOette Communka.Uons.

Madabhushl. B.S. 2000. ·can SCADA beneOt small systemsr WCJter Sense. 6. no. 2. Morgantown. WV: NaUonal Drinking Water Clearinghouse.

NatiOnal Research Coundl. 1997. Sofe Water From Every Tap. WasWngton. DC: National Academy Press.

Pollack. A. J .. A. S. Chen. R. C. Haugl>l. and J . A. Goodrich. 1999. OptiOns for Remote Mont/Drltlg and Control of SmnU Drtnldng \Vater FaciU«es. Columbus. OH: Batelle Press.

Rossmiller. R .. and M. C. Moavent. 2000. "\"Vater UtOtty Mixes 'technology arid CrtatMty fof- Control and Com.munkaHOris SoJutJon: Water Engrneenng ond Management. Des Aalnes, ll,; Scranton GileLte CommurlicaUon.s.

To learn more about Ute National /njraslructure Protection Center (N/PC), write to the NIPC. 935 Pennsylvania Avenue. NW. Washington, D.C. 20535.000.1. call f.{)lljree (888) 585-9078. or e-mail [email protected]. Jtiformation ts also available on the NIPC Web sfte at www.nlpc.gov.

For further Information. to comment on this fact sheet. or to suggest topics, contact Or. Lahlou via e-man [email protected].

........ . .. ... ... ..................... Zacharia M. Lahlou holds a doctorate in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, as well a.s an MBA and a master's degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering from West Virginia University. Now a consultant, he formerly served as technical assistance coordinator for the National Drinking Water Clearinghouse.

Have you read all our Tech Briefs?

Tech Briefs. drinking water treatment and supply fact sheets, have been a regular feature in the National Crlnking Water Clearinghouse (NDWC) publication On Tap for mo<e than six years.

A package of Tech Briefs is oow available as a prod

uct A three-ring binder holds all the current Tech Briefs in print New selections can eas~y be added lo the package as they become available.

To order this product, call the NDWC at the numbers listed at the bottom or this ad and ask for Item #DWPKPE71. The Item Is free. Additional copies of fact sheets are also free; however, postal charges may be added. You can also order copies or one or all of the free Tech Briefs listed below.

Tech Briel: Disinfection, item #DWBLPE47; Tech Brief: Filtration, Item #DWBLPE50; Tech Brief: Corrosion Control, item #DWBLPE52; Tech Brief: ion Exchange and Oemlnerallzallon,

item #DWBLPE56; Tech Brief: Organics Removal, item #DWBLPE59; Tech Brief: Package Plants, Item #DWBLPE63; Tech Brief: Water Treatment Plant Residuals

Management, item #DWBLPE65; Tech Brief: Ume Softening, item #DWBLPE67; Tech Brief: Iron and Manganese Removal, Item

#DWBLPE70; Water Conservation Measures Fact Sheet. item

#DWBLPE74; Tech Briel: Membrane Filtration. item IIDWBLPE61; Tech Brief: Treatment Technologies for Small

Drinking Water Systems, item #DWPSPE62; Tech Brief: Ozone, item #DWBLPE64; Tech Brief: Radionuc!ides, item #DWBLPE64; Tech Brief: Slow Sand Filtration, item #DWBLPE99; Tech Briel : Ultraviolet Disinfection, item

#DWBLPE101; Tech Brief: Leak Detection and Water Loss Control,

item #DWBLPE102; Tech Brief: Diatomaceous Earth Filtration for

Drinking Water, item #DWBLPE106.

To order, caD the NDWC at (800) 624-8301 or (304) 293-4191. You also may order onRne at [email protected] or download fact sheets from our web site at www.ndWc. wvv.edu.

46

D t · July 20, 2006

Pia e: Hrdden Valley four Seasons

R.~rster: Now! Ca I J~ or sharon for details!

1 814-353-9302


Co.

NEPTUNE TECHNOLOGY GROUP

sinrr L946

Eichelbergers, 1nc.


1-800-653-PRWA48

Hello PRWA

by John BuskirkWastewater Training Technician

My name is JohnBuskirk and I amveryexcitedabouttheopportunitytoworkforPRWA.MyfamilyandImovedtoStateCollegelastsummertobeclosertomywife’sfamily.TamiandIhavebeenmarried for 14 years andwe have twowonderfulchildrenHaley(11)andEric(9).IamoriginallyfromIllinois(pleasedon’tholdthatagainstme)butlivedinFloridafor15yearswhereIwasintroducedtothewastewater field at the age of 22. Today, I have over 20yearsofexperienceinwastewateroperationsandholdaClassAFloridaandClass1IllinoisWastewaterLicenseaswellasaClassKIndustrialLicense.IamcurrentlyintheprocessofobtainingmyPennsylvanialicense.

My first job was with Orange County Utilities

inOrlando,Florida.IworkedforOrangeCountyfor15yearsasanoperatorandhad theopportunity toworkatseveraloftheirwastewaterfacilitiesrangingfrom15,000MGD–20,000,000MGD.

Mywifeand Imoved to Illinois inMayof1999toraiseourfamilyinanareathathasfourseasonsratherthanone.ThereIworkedastheEnvironmentalSafetyCoordinatoratHannaSteelCorporationandasaSeniorWastewaterOperatorforCaterpillarInc.Astheenvironmental/safetycoordinator,someofmyresponsibilitiesincludedtheorientationandtrainingofemployees,andthesubmissionofannualreportstogoverningagencies.WhilewithHannaSteelandCaterpillar,Iwasabletobranchintoindustrialwastetreatment. Industrial waste treatment is unique in that youstrivetoaccomplishthesameresultsasinsanitarywastebutdo itchemically rather thanbiologically.Regardlessofthewasteyouhaveorhowyoutreatitthegoalistomakeitclean.

Iamlookingforwardtogettingtoknowtheoperators around the state and learning about youroperations.


WWW.PRWA.COM 49

Where is This in PA?James S. Phillips Borough of East StroudsburgMonroe CountyEast Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania

JamesS.Phillips,manageratBoroughofEastStroudsburgin Monroe county, was the winner of the Winter 2005WhereisThisinPA?contest.RonguessedI-81SouthinFranklincountyPennsylvania.ThishugeblueBenjaminMoore&CompanypaintcantowersbythesideofI-81andservesasafittingbillboard forBenjaminMoore&Companypaints. However, themonumentalpaintcandidnotbeginlifeforthispurpose.Inthe80’sgovernmentfundingbuiltthis35foottalltanktoserveasarecyclingcenterforusedmotoroil.Unfortunatelythetankneverfullfilledthismission,butinsteadhasbeendeckedoutas


1-800-653-PRWA50

Inflow and Infiltration

by Dave MuzzyWastewater Training Technician

What is Inflow & Infiltration? Inflow and Infiltration is water that enters the sewer system through crackedpipes,leakymanholes,improperlyconnectedstorm drains, down spouts, and pumps. Most inflow comes from storm water and most infiltration comes fromgroundwater. Inflow: Inflow occurs as a result of storm events such as rainfall, snowfall, springs or snowmelt thatenterthesewersystem,contributingexcess,unplannedflow. Three examples of these are 1) surface water: whichentersthewastewatersystemfromyard,roofandfootingdrains;2)cross-connections:withstormdrains,downspouts;and3)holesinmanholecovers. Infiltration: Infiltration is ground water that entersthesewercollectionsystemthroughholes,breaks,jointfailures,andotheropeningswithintheundergroundpiping and manholes. Infiltration quantities often exhibit seasonalvariation.Stormeventscantriggerariseinground water levels and increase infiltration flows. The highest infiltration flows are observed following significant storm events or following prolonged periods ofprecipitation. Why is I & I a problem? I&Iproblemsallowcleanwater toenter into thecollectionsystem.Thiscausesexcesscapacityneedsinsewerpipes,excesscapacityneedsatthewastewatertreatmentfacility,andincreasedtreatmentcostsresultinginincreasedratesforutilitycustomers. Regulatory Mandates: A coalition ofenvironmental groups, along with state and federalgovernments, has produced regulations essentiallytelling wastewater facilities to eliminate Inflow &Infiltration. Theoptionsareasfollows:

• EliminateexistingI&Iproblems.Ifthiscan’tbeaccomplished, thewastewatersystemmaybeforcedto:

• Build lagoons to hold sewage for futuretreatment,or

• Acquire additional treatment capacity by upgradingthefacility

Budgetary Considerations: Regardless

of our personal feelings about the environmentor government mandates, it makes sense for localgovernment to upgrade the failing infrastructure andprevent future problems. It is not uncommon for asystem to experience flows of 3 to 4 times their normal dry weather flows when it rains. If that flow would continuefor30daysoutofayear,itwouldcosta10MGDplantabout$1.5millionperyearjustforchemicalsto treat the rainwater that infiltrates the system. Most small waste water systems will find this additional cost prohibitiveandcouldbeforcedtoincreaseratesinordertoobtainthefundsneededfortheincreasedcost. With some simple planning and methodicevaluation, most systems are capable of decreasingtheamountofI&Ithatpoursthroughthesystemfromsourcesotherthannormalwastewaterdischarge.

1. Detection - Map your system FIRST! It isvery important tohaveanaccuratemapofyourcollectionsystemshowingeachdrainagebasin,directionof flow and pump stations. Other things like pipe slope and diameter would also be beneficial. If you don’t know where your lines are located or where they flow from, it will be difficult to accurately assess the amount of wastewater flow under normal circumstances and nearly impossibletoassessunderabnormalconditions. 2. Visual inspection: Thisisassimpleasitsounds.Whenit’srainingand/orthedayafter,visuallyinspect manholes for any problems and observe the flow in the invertandcompare it todrydays.Thissimpleobservation will begin to define where the potential problemsare. 3. Manhole Inspection Worksheet: AManhole InspectionWorksheet should include thefollowing:

• Inspectornameandinspectiondate• Manhole number, location and downstream

manholenumber• Manhole elevations, construction and pipe

data• EstimatedamountofI&I• Rehabilitation required• Rehabilitationratingkey• Pictureandsketchofmanhole,notingproblem


WWW.PRWA.COM 51

areas

4. Smoke Testing: SmokeTesting is theeasiest andmost cost effectivemethod to identify I& I problems. Smoking testingwill identify illegalconnections,stormwatercrossconnections,abandonedlinesthathavenotbeenproperlyplugged,crackedpipes,andbad service connections. Thiswill also identifysomeproblems immediately,butmore importantly, itwill provide the information needed to prioritize theorderneededtocorrectproblems.Forsafetypurposesremember to always use liquid smoke and notify thepublicofyour intent touse thesmoke.Remember tostress that the smoke is harmless to theoperator, thehomeorbusinessowners,andpets. 5. Dye Testing: DyeTesting canbe veryeffectiveindeterminingwhereI&Ientersthesystemthroughsuchavenuesasstormwaterinlets,rainspoutsandsumppumps.Thiscanalsobeusedtoverifysmoketestingresults.ThismethodofI&Idetectionismorecostly than smoke testing, requires large quantities of water,anditwilltakelongertocollecttheinfoneededforthestudy. 6. TV Camera Inspections: Camerainspection becomes necessary to pinpoint specificproblemsthathavebeenobserved. Toidentifyabad

service connection or a cracked pipe requires televising your system. By smoke testing first, you will have identified your problem areas and prioritized where to start. 7.DuckTest:Yes,therereallyisaremarkablyeasytestthatinvolvesusingalittlerubberduck!GotothelocalDollarStoreandbuyabagofyellowbabyducks.Usingablack,permanentmaker,writeanumberon the bottom of the ducks in sequential order. Take the numberedduckstothestormdrainsthataresuspectedofbeingtiedintothesanitarysewerline.Depositoneduckperdrainandwritedownthenumberoftheduckandlocationofthedrain.Waituntilitrainsandifanylittle,yellow,plasticducksshowupatthesewerplantfortreatment,checkthenumberonthebottomandthecorrespondingdrainsthattheducksweredroppedinto,andthatdrainistheonethatistiedintothesanitarysewer.Simpleandinexpensive.Doesitgetanybetterthan that? Quack, quack! TherearemanymethodsavailabletodeterminetheextentofI&Iproblems,ranginginpricefromjustafewdollarstomanythousandsofdollars.Itisuptoeachwastewater system to determine the course ofactionthatisrightfortheirsystem.Byeliminatingthe


1-800-653-PRWA52

Chapter 252

by Kurt McFaddenWastewater Training Technician

Hello Everyone, spring has finally made it to manypartsofourstate.IhavebeenverybusytravelingaroundgettingtoknowmanyofyouanddiscussingmanyoftheupcomingissueswhicheffectWastewateroperationsinthefuture.Oneofthetopics,whichareintheforefrontofmanydiscussions,istheChapter252LaboratoryAccreditationRegulation.Iencourageyoutobecomeinformedontheseregulations;theywill ultimately affect everyone in thewastewaterbusiness.PRWAhasputonseveralhalf-Dayseminarsthroughoutthestate,whichhaveprovedtobeveryinformative.At the timeof thiswritingourstaff isworkingonwaystohelpthesmallsystemscomplywith these new regulations.Another good source

of information is theDEP’swebsite, it is updatedregularly andhas adownloadof the entire chapter252regulations.Theseregulationsarecomplexandwilltakeworkandtimetogeteveryoneuptospeed. IwouldalsoliketotakethisopportunitytothankeveryonewhosupportedPRWA’sreliefeffortinLouisianainOctoberof2005.Iwasluckytobechosen togo toLouisianaalongwithPRWAwatertechGlennCowlestoassistinreliefeffortsforvictimsofhurricaneRita.Thereisnoamountoftrainingorplanning that canprepare someone for the kindofdevastationthatwesawinSouthwesternLouisiana.HoweverIcanassureyoutheresidentsofthisruralareaaresurvivorsandwillpersevere.Itissadthatittakesaneventlikethistoseethebestandtheworstofhumanity. One of the questions being addressed at thistimebyFemaiswhyarewaterandwastewateroperators not part of first responder teams to anemergencyof thismagnitude?And the importanceoflocalrelieforganizationsthatknowthecountyandmunicipalsystemsandwhattheirpeopleneed.Theseare all issues that are to be addressed so responseto following disasters may be more efficient. I look forwardtotalkingtoanyofyouontheseissues.

Neptune ndmoJogy Group, lac. Bob Scbeidemantel

Ceii412-9SJ..890S beeheldoRIIDieiOIICJIIIIIIe'I.C

'U'nbutc !d ~lhnce Awards ~t0ltfll8l rchursdap

~dCktail ®aptidll at 6 pm O<Pimter Mgins till pm

D&nn(}f ~ntrM ®ptimts! Award evfillfl(}f 'flrfffcn!dtidftf

( olfark cJ,fapjdd furcnase 1"teR.fts in aivance for this Speci4l l£mino The Corporate Comedian

Your Evening for Relaxing &: Laughing

Natlonal Waterworks Ed Denver, Products Specialist

Cell610.721·7791 od.denvcritllllllww.eom

National Waterw

THE CHALKBOARD

ABC

Mark your calendars!!

54

ItisonlyafewweeksbeforethePRWA2006AnnualConference.Thestaffhasbeenbusyfor months making arrangements for quality DEP approved training, networking opportunities,outstandingfoodandreallyfunentertainment. The training schedule is packed withopportunities forwhatever level operator youarewhether you are getting ready to take theCertification Exam or have been tweaking the controlsforyears. Thisyear’sschedulehastwospecialtracksfortheoperatorintraininggettingreadyforthatexam.OnWednesdayandThursdayPRWAwillhelp you prepare for that exam with traininggearedespeciallyforyou.Testtakingtipsto“key”pointsofknowledgefortheGeneralExamandmanyofthesub-classeswillbetaughtbyPRWAstaff and qualified associate members. If you plan to take the test, try toattendthese twodaysoftraining. Ifyouarethatexperiencedoperatorlookingforcontacthours,youcanearn12contacthoursjustforattendingclassesTuesdaythruFriday. The PRWAAnnual Conference is thepremier training event all operators shouldexperience. It not only provides a wealth ofusefulinformation,introductionstonewproducts,networking with other operators and primacypersonnelandvendors,butalsoisachancetoletyourhairdownandhavesomefun.

THE CHALKBOARD

ABC

Mark your calendars!!

55

Date ~rural~

PADEP PADEP Llll:ation/ Water? PRWA Of Class Course Contact County Wastewater? Trainer

Name Number Hours Both?

April S Water Disinfection TBA TBA Mercer Water Penny McCoy

ApriiiB Organic/Inorganic Removal TBA TBA Butler Co. Water Penny McCoy

Apri1 19 Wastawater Dparatur Math 887 G Hours Greensburg Wastewater Kurt McFadden

Apr 24-2B Backflow Prevention Assambly Tastar Coursa 431 32 Hours Erie Both Ralph Vanora {ASSE Certification)

Backflow Prevention Assembly Specialist Training 1608 30 Hours Erie Both Ralph Vanora Systam Meintananca TBA TBA Schuylkill Co. Both Penny McCoy Backflow Prevention Assambly Tastar Coursa B74 21 Hours Erie Both Ralph Vanora {ASSE Re-Certification) S~m Maintananca TBA TBA Harrisburg Both

Prevention Assam. Repair/Maintanance 645 13 Hours Erie Both 2-0ay

Part I. DC S DE Water Pra-Certifi:ation N-A None linesville Water linesville

Washington

Washington


1-800-653-PRWA56

2006 Location is The Ninany Lion Inn

State College, P A

Trainers that ore elq)el'ts in their fields- A schedule that allows learning, fun and relaxation!

Another Cleat PRWA Training Mini Conlei a ICe DETAILED to the

_ __ .....,. Small Water & Wastewater Systems!


WWW.PRWA.COM 57

~n.ralwater --

Walter J . Hess Borough of Kutztown Superintendent Water/Wastewater Kutztown, Pa. 19530 phone- 610.683.3202 fax- 610.683.9076 [email protected]

Congratulations! PRWA Billing Services provided an entry for

ONE FREE SYSTEM FULL CONFERENCE REGISTRATION

In PRWA's November Membership Packet Mailing!

Please

visit us at the Spring Annual

Conference! ~~

866-328-PRWA


1-800-653-PRWA62

ASSOCIATE MEMBERSASSOCIATE MEMBERSA&M Manufacturing LLCAccent Control SystemsAdvance Instruments IncAdvanced Land & Water, Inc.AerzenAllmax Software, Inc.American Avk CompanyAqua Dynamic Systems, Inc.Aqua Treatment Service, Inc.Arm Group, Inc.Ashbrook CorpASKCA, Inc.Bankson EngineersBCM EngineersBDP Industries, Inc.Benatec Associates, Inc.Benesch, Alfred & CompanyBermad Control ValvesBioprime, Ltd.Bissnuss, Inc.Borton-LawsonBrowns Hill Sand & Glass BlockBuchart-Horn Inc.C W Sales Corp.Cam SprayCathodix, IncCDM, Inc.CEDG, Inc.CET Engineering ServicesConestoga-Rovers & Associates, Inc.Conrady Consultant ServicesControl Microsystems, Inc.Control Systems 21Coyne, George S. Chemical Enviro SvcsCWM EnvironmentalD.R. Cummings, Inc.Daman Superior, LLCDAS GroupDatamaticDennis Chlorination Service IncDresser Piping SpecialtiesDutchland, IncE.H.Wachs CompanyEads Group, TheEAP Industries, Inc.East Jordan Iron WorksEastcom Associates, Inc.Eastern Laboratory Services LtdEGLS / LearcoEichelbergers, Inc.Entech Engineering, Inc.Envirep, Inc.Environmental Service Labs IncEnviroSolve, Inc.Exeter Supply CoFab-Crete, Inc.Fairway Laboratories, Inc.Fayette Engineering Co., Inc.Ferguson WaterworksFerguson Waterworks, Inc.Firststates Financial ServicesFlow Media Inc.Ford Meter BoxFox, W.D. Tapping & Welding, Inc.Foxcroft Equipment & Service Co., Inc.Fuller Equipment Group, LLCG A IndustriesGannett Fleming, Inc.George R. CoulterGeoServices, Ltd.Geosource EngineersGibson Thomas Engineering

Gilmore & Associates, Inc.Glace Associates IncGodwin PumpsGottschall Environ Control SystemsGraphic RevolutionsGreensburg Environ Contracting Sys, Inc.GSC | KleinfelderGwin, Dobson and Foreman, Inc.Hach CompanyHanover Engineering Assoc IncHarris Computer SystemsHawk Creek Laboratory, Inc.Hawke, McKeon, Sniscak & Kennard, LLPHDR Engineering, Inc.Heath Consultants IncorporatedHerbert, Rowland & Grubic, Inc.High Swartz Roberts & SeidelHill, Wm. F. & Associates, Inc.Hughes Supply, Inc.Hunt Engineers & ArchitectsHydro Designs, Inc.Hydro InstrumentsHydrotech Mechanical Services, Inc.Industrial Scientific CorpITT Flygt CorporationJcm IndustriesKappe Associates, IncKeller Engineers, Inc.Kershner Environmental Tech LLCKeystone Pump & Power, LLCKimball, L. RobertKirkpatrick & LockhartKLH Engineers, Inc.KLM Engineering, Inc.KPI TechnologyKTM AssociatesKV & M&H Valve CoL/B Water Service IncLarson Design Group, Inc.Laurel Management CoLayne Christensen CompanyLee Supply Co., Inc.Lee-Simpson Associates, Inc.Linemen’s Supply, Inc.LRM, Inc.M.S. Jacobs & AssociatesMaguire Group, Inc.Mahaffey LaboratoryMarkey Utility Operations, Inc.Marsh-McBirney, Inc.Master Meter, Inc.McDonald, A.Y. Mfg. Co., Inc.McElvenny, J.P. Co., Inc..McKee Risk Management, Inc.Mid Atlantic Pump And Equipment CoMid Atlantic Storage Syst, Inc.Mid Penn Engineering Corp.Modern Industries, Inc.Modern Pump & EquipmentMoody & Assoc IncMorris Knowles & Associates, Inc.Mr. Rehab, Inc.Mtek, Inc.Mueller Co.Municipal Maintenance Co., Inc.Natgun CorporationNational Road Utility Supply CoNational WaterworksNavarro & Wright Consulting EngineersNeal Systems IncNeptune Chemical Pump CompanyNeptune Technology Group

Nichols & Slagle Engineering, Inc.North East Aquastore, Inc.Northwest Engineering, Inc.On Site Energy of Central PaParker Brothers Well Drilling, Inc.Pearpoint, Inc.Penn PrimePhiladelphia Mixing SolutionsPhoenix Municipal SoftwarePittsburg Tank & TowerPlace, John P. Inc.PLGITPollardwater.comPow-r Mole Sales & ServicePremier Safety & ServicesProsonic CorporationPyrz Water Supply Co., Inc.Quad3 Group, Inc.RAM Industrial Services, Inc.Reed Bed Systems, Inc.Reed Manufacturing CoReider, M. J. Assoc, Inc.Rettew Associates IncRiordan Materials CorporationRobotic Observation VenturesRockacy and Associates, Inc.Romac IndustriesRoome EnvironmentalRummel, Klepper & Kahl LLPSal Chemical Co., IncSchoor DepalmaSchreiter Engineering AssocSealguard, Inc.Sealing SpecialistsSeewald Labs, Inc.Senate Engineering CoSensus Metering SystemsShannon Chemical CorpSinger Valve, IncSite Specific Design, Inc.Spotts, Stevens And McCoyStiffler, McGraw & Assoc, IncSuburban Water Technology, Inc.Suburban Water Testing LabsSureflow TechnologiesSusquehanna Fire Equipment CoTeledyne IscoThe Gateway Engineers, Inc.Therma-Stor ProductsThomas ScientificThomas, Thomas, Armstrong & NiesenTLC Environmental, IncTour Andover ControlsTowerlink America, LlcTrombold Equipment CompanyTrumbull IndustriesU.S. Municipal Supply, Inc.Uni-Tec Consulting Engineers IncUnivar Usa Inc.Univar Usa, Inc. - Altoona BranchUSA BluebookUtilitronics CorporationUtility Service Co IncValveTek Utility ServicesWatermark Environmental SystemsWeil, W.C. CompanyWilkes UniversityYanora Enterprises* Bold denotes new member


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Bankson Engineers ........................15

CET Engineering ...............................9

Conestoga-Rovers & Associates ....63

Conrady Consultant Services .........19

Eichelbergers, Inc. .........................21

Gannett Fleming, Inc. .....................37

Godwin Pumps ..............................35

Hach Company ...............................48

Hawk Creek Laboratory, Inc ...........26

Hydro Instruments .........................49

Larson Design Group .....................38

Moody and Associates, Inc. ...........33

Natgun Corporation ........................54

Pa Water Specialities......................27

Pearpoint .......................................10

PLIGIT ..............................................7

Pro Tapping ....................................35

Quad 3 Group .................................54

Sensus Metering ............................23

Uni-Tec Consulting .........................52

USA Blue Book .............. (Back Cover)

AdvertisersIndex

Nichols&SlagleEngineering,Inc.NorthEastAquastore,Inc.NorthwestEngineering,Inc.OnSiteEnergyofCentralPaParkerBrothersWellDrilling,Inc.Pearpoint,Inc.PennPrimePhiladelphiaMixingSolutionsPhoenixMunicipalSoftwarePittsburgTank&TowerPlace,JohnP.Inc.PLGITPollardwater.comPow-rMoleSales&ServicePremierSafety&ServicesProsonicCorporationPyrzWaterSupplyCo.,Inc.Quad3Group,Inc.RAMIndustrialServices,Inc.ReedBedSystems,Inc.ReedManufacturingCoReider,M.J.Assoc,Inc.RettewAssociatesIncRiordanMaterialsCorporationRoboticObservationVenturesRockacyandAssociates,Inc.RomacIndustriesRoomeEnvironmentalRummel,Klepper&KahlLLPSalChemicalCo.,IncSchoorDepalmaSchreiterEngineeringAssocSealguard,Inc.SealingSpecialistsSeewaldLabs,Inc.SenateEngineeringCoSensusMeteringSystemsShannonChemicalCorpSingerValve,IncSiteSpecificDesign,Inc.Spotts,StevensAndMcCoyStiffler,McGraw&Assoc,IncSuburbanWaterTechnology,Inc.SuburbanWaterTestingLabsSureflowTechnologiesSusquehannaFireEquipmentCoTeledyneIscoTheGatewayEngineers,Inc.Therma-StorProductsThomasScientificThomas,Thomas,Armstrong&NiesenTLCEnvironmental,IncTourAndoverControlsTowerlinkAmerica,LlcTromboldEquipmentCompanyTrumbullIndustriesU.S.MunicipalSupply,Inc.Uni-TecConsultingEngineersIncUnivarUsaInc.UnivarUsa,Inc.-AltoonaBranchUSABluebookUtilitronicsCorporationUtilityServiceCoIncValveTekUtilityServicesWatermarkEnvironmentalSystemsWeil,W.C.CompanyWilkesUniversityYanoraEnterprises*Bolddenotesnewmember


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JoinPRWA!

~ruralwater 2006 Salary and Rate Survey I_P.=l.l :Aseockl#ton for Small Water and Wastewater Systems Dear Pennsylvania Water I Wastewater System,

Thank you for your interest in the "PR WA Salary and Rate Survey." Setting competitive salaries and fair rates is important. This survey will reveal what your Pennsylvania system peers are doing. One survey should be submitted per system. Please complete the survey and return to ''Salary and Rate Survey, Pennsylvania Rural Water Association, 138 West Bishop Street, Bellefonte, PA 16823'' or fax to 814-353-9341. All participants will receive a free copy of the final report. Contact John Hood or Jeff Martin with questions at 814-353-9302. The questionnaire is also available online at www.prwa.com. The submission deadline has been extended to March 31 , 2006. Your information will remain confidential. Contact information is required but will not be published. Complete as many boxes as possible for the Demographic, Salary, and Rate Study. To ind icate zero (0) you must explicit ly write "0". Empty or blank answers will be omitted in the final report. Associates email [email protected] to sponsor 01· advertise in this new publication.

Sincerely,

fol11~ John H. Hood

Contact Information Contact information will not be published, but is for tracking purposes only) Contact System Address City, State, Zip Phone Email

System Demographics County Ownership DAuthoritv OMunicipalitv O Private for Profit OPrivate Non-Profit Number Connections Water? Wastewater? Number Gal.lons I Day Water? Wa.stewater? Number Computers Used Internet Connection ONone ODialup Modem ODSL DCable

Salary Study Staff Catceorv Number Staff in Cateeorv Averaee Years Tenure Averaee Hourly Salary M anaeer $ Certified Operator $ Operator I Laborer $ Office Staff $

Rate Study Customer Category Water Wastewater Industrial: Avera~te Rate 1 1,000 Gal $ $ Commercial: Averaee Quarterly Rate $ $ Residential: Averaee Quarterly Rate $ $ Residential Billine. Cvcle OMonthlv D Ouarterlv DOther

ATTENTION: WATER / WASTEWATER DEPTWhen finished reading, please route to: Operators / Managers Clerk / Treasurer Board

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