Chapter 5

Proposed Model of e-Governance using ICT

This chapter aim to analyze the current status of Uttarakhand on different

areas that should be studied before to frame a strategy for future e-initiatives using

ICT in Uttarakhand. Here the study uses the information and government publications

gathered through study of various state and national e-Governance websites and

literature review to provide a general background on Uttarakhand with an emphasis

on the status of its e-Governance service sector. To better illustrate Uttarakhand stage

of development, information regarding the state‟s politics, geography, population, and

economy is provided. The status of the ICT and e-Governance initiatives in

Uttarakhand is described, including strategies and plans, infrastructure and current

applications. Finally, there is a description of some current e-Governance initiatives.

This chapter also describes the quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques

used in the study. It begins by defining and analyzes the opinion of participants who

were selected as being the likely early adopters of e-Governance in Uttarakhand.

Next, correlation tests are performed to uncover possible relationships between key

variables and finally, an analysis of the barriers to the uptake of e-Governance in

Uttarakhand and relationships to other key variables is introduced. The results of data

collected were used to elaborate on and enhance the findings to design strategy for

future e-initiatives in Uttarakhand .

5.1 Overview of Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, the land of origin of Ganga and Yamuna, occupies a special

place in the hearts of people in this country and summons tourists worldwide to its

alluring grandeur of natural beauty. It is a place, which once mesmerized Mahatma

Gandhi with its natural beauty and peace and had forced him to express this place as

better than any place in entire Europe. Uttarakhand was formed on November 9, 2000,

as the 27th

state of India. It was formed by carving out 14 hilly districts of Uttar

Pradesh. Uttarakhand is strategically located and forms part of the northern boundary

of the country sharing borders with Nepal and Tibet (China); it touches Tibet in the

north, Himachal Pradesh in the west and north-west, the gangetic plains of Uttar

Pradesh in the south and Nepal in the east.

The state has diverse geographical features ranging from snow capped

mountain peaks in the north to tropical forests in the south. Equally diverse are the

climatic conditions and vegetation found across the state. Uttarakhand is one of the

five states in India, which has been declared as UNESCO‟s World Heritage

Biodiversity site .[1]

5.2 Use of ICT to Analyze the Requirement and Issues for e-

Governance Model in Rural Areas of Uttarakhand

Governance is a need of any developing country. To protect an individual‟s

fundamental rights and to provide him social and economic freedom, country has to

think about increasing the efficiency of its governing bodies. The time has change the

way of working of governmental organizations not only in the developed nations but

also in the countries who are heading towards development. We are living in a

knowledge based economy and the role of information and communication

technology (ICT) is an essential part of this development. Information and

Communication technologies (ICT) are key enablers of development process in the

emerging information economy in developing countries like India. In today‟s

Knowledge-based world, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a

decisive role in boosting efficiency and productivity . Since the advent of the Internet,

government agencies, management consulting firms, and IT companies have led the

way in not only exploring e-government initiatives, but also documenting best

practices. Academic researchers have conducted case studies and surveys to support

the development of e-government. Both streams of literature are useful in

understanding the development of e-government and supporting government agencies

in their strategic planning of e-government initiatives. Existing e-government

offerings actually go beyond merely facilitating or transforming the interaction

between government and individual citizens. E-government serves a variety of other

actors. For instance, some e-government initiatives aim at enabling government

agencies to more efficiently work together and provide one-stop service to citizens

and businesses. In this context, this paper is an attempt to look upon the advantages of

e- Governance and think about its implementation in the E-Governance framework to

increase its efficiency and productivity.

E-Governance: E-Government (short for electronic government, also known as e-

gov, digital government, online government, or connected government) is creating a

comfortable, transparent, and cheap interaction between government and citizens

(G2C – government to citizens), government and business enterprises (G2B –

government to business enterprises) and relationship between governments (G2G –

inter-agency relationship). There are four domains of e-government namely,

governance, information and communication technology (ICT), business process re-

engineering (BPR) and e-citizen. According to, these new styles of governance

represent a change from traditional bureaucratic systems to public-centric systems. E-

Governance requires several elements of good governance such as transparency,

accountability, participation, social integration, public financial management reforms

and development. It includes a very broad range of services for almost all segments of

society. The most common areas of E-Governance applications are:

• Education

• Agriculture

• Transport

• Health

5.2.1 Challenges for Implementing in e-Governance Technology in

Rural

Government faces their own set of challenges. The key challenges with electronic

governance are not technology or internet issues but organizational issues like:

Redefining rules and procedures

Information transparency

Legal issues

Infrastructure, Skill and awareness

Access to right information

Interdepartmental collaboration

Tendency to resist the change in work culture

5.2.2 E-Governance Projects in India

Out of the 27 Mission Mode Projects, under the National e-Governance Plan

(NeGP), 14 MMPs has already started delivery of services while the remaining 13

MMPs are expected to begin services from 2014. Clearly the government is taking the

e-governance mandate rather seriously, considering that the NeGP was approved only

4 years back in 2006. And out of the 13 MMPs, 8 services have to be developed and

implemented by the state government. While the state governments have been

assigned the target of rolling out the e-district and agricultural services by 2011,

municipality, policy, land records, and employment exchange will be implemented by

2012 and the treasuries and commercial tax services by 2013 in electronic mode. The

last program of immigration e-services has to be delivered by 2014.

Some of the successful running E-Governance projects in India are depicted in

following:

1. Concerned for Working Children (CWC) in Karnataka: Concerned for

Working Children (CWC): One of the first organizations to work exclusively

on the issue of child rights, CWC runs a residential vocational training school

at Namma Bhoomi, Kundapur in Udipi District. The children, ex-child

laborers, were to be equipped with appropriate and viable vocational skills as

well as formal education, which would help them to find appropriate vocation.

The training period lasting for 18 months offered courses in weaving,

carpentry. Tailoring, cane and bamboo craft amongst others.

2. Digitization of Land Records: Bhoomi Project in Karnataka: Bhoomi project is an

attempt made by Karnataka State Government for Computerization of Land Records. This

project is sponsored jointly by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India and

State Government of Karnataka. Under the Bhoomi E-Governance project all 20 million

land records of 6.7 million land owners in 176 taluks of Karnataka have been

computerised.This system works with the software called "BHOOMI" designed fully in-

house by National Informatics Center, Bangalore.

3. AADARANA (The Home for Orphaned Needy Students) in Hyderabad: Funds are

requested to provide support for the orphan kids in going to school and for their

educational expenses per year. All he kids are going to local private school and are

studying in various schools and mostly in Telugu medium of instruction. Aadarana helps

to orphan and poor children, who desire to continue their studies Aims at providing

facilities to the orphanage children's education, training in personality development Aims

at development of orphanage children in all levels that is physical, mental and

psychologically through physical exercises and strengthening their minds.

4. Adarsh in Kerala: Adarsh is a center for children with mentally disability.

Asha sent them funds to buy a van that would be used to pick up the children

from neighboring areas and bring them to the center. There is only one such

organization in the area that caters to such children.

5. Pathri in Uttaranchal: The primary goal of the project is to bring economic

changes in the lifestyle of the nomadic and illiterate by providing basic

education and healthcare. The school run by FOD at Pathri is a Hindi medium

middle school with classes from grades 1 through 7. There is also an adult

literacy program and vocational training for women. The school has almost

300 students of whom about 50% regularly attend classes. It follows the

curriculum prescribed by the Uttaranchal State Board and is recognized by the

state education board. This is a major achievement as children who pass out

from this school can easily seek admission in other schools for higher studies.

6. RDI (Rural Development Institute) in UTTARANCHAL: RDI seeks to run

Non-Formal Education Centers (NFE) for youngsters and a Functional

Literacy program for adults, Project Based Education (PBE) programs to

supplement the education given in schools, a scholarship program targeting

bright, needy students as well as running a mobile library catering for far flung

villages in the mountainous region.

5.2.3 Major Issues in Uttarakhand: Some issues as follows:

1. Education: We should mobilize the power of the new media, like the

Internet, as well as traditional media such as television, radio and the

vernacular newspapers. The combination of the Broadband Internet and

community (FM) radio can be particularly powerful to provide better

education / awareness timely across to those who need them. The simple

literacy (basic reading, writing and numeracy) and the functional literacy had

been presented as panaceas in the 1950s and the 1970s, respectively, with a

view that if everybody learned how to read and write or learned this would

enhance development. The literacy, also including functional computer

literacy, is still being presented as panacea by the governments of developing

countries, UNESCO, World Bank, IMF and numerous aid organizations, with

a view that this will solve development problems. On the other hand,

education plays an important role in the progress of an individual's mind and

country. Ignorance and poverty, the two major speed-breakers in the swift

developing country, can be overcome easily through education.

2. Self employment: Through the establishment of rural information centers like

Cyberdhabas, Suchanakutir, Kisanghar etc., Employment generation,

especially the self employment generation in rural sector attaches great

importance to poverty alleviation and mitigation specifically of the wide

variations across States and the rural-urban division. ICT will create

employment opportunities in rural areas by engaging cyberdhabas,

Suchanakutir, Kisanghar, telecentre managers, subject matter specialists,

information managers, translators and information technology technicians.

Such centers help bridge the gap between urban and rural communities and

reduce the rural-urban migration problem. The centers will also provide

training and those trained may become small-scale entrepreneurs. That helps

in socio – economic development of a village. A set of prudentially selected

programs of self employment in rural sector plays as the panacea to remove

multi-dimensional nature of poverty through helping a lot the anti-poverty

strategy's three broad components - promotion of economic growth, promotion

of human development and targeted programmers of poverty alleviation.

3. Health awareness: The goal of health awareness programs of rural

development is to create awareness, a stirring of both heart and mind, about

health care conditions, challenges, and solutions among the rural people.

Giving awareness of opportunities availability for them:- Awareness of

opportunities availability in rural sector means to provide relevant and usable

information to the rural youth regarding (both the skilled and the unskilled)

labor markets and access to relevant training to help them make decisions

about the labor market options available to them.

4. Rural Electrification: Rural electrification means to facilitate availability of

electricity for accelerated growth and for enrichment of quality of life of rural

population. It is argued that rural electrification is essential in the longer term

perspective of rural development since electricity is considered as a

prerequisite for economic development and improvement of overall standard

of living of the rural inhabitants. Electricity is also considered as a potent force

capable of elevating and providing the much needed dynamism into the rural

economy. [2]

5.3 Uttarakhand State Wide Area Networks

Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network should be operational as a network to

offer the future e-Governance services. Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network will

cover the entire State and shall provide voice, video and data services on the same

network. The network provides a reliable, resilient and a secure backbone to meet the

information requirements and associated services. Uttarakhand State Wide Area

Network is required to improve administrative effectiveness & efficiency of

employees, expedite the overall development of the State and to improve the Quality

of public service to the citizens in the State. Any State Government aimed to

modernize the communication set up, increase productivity and provide e-Governance

related and better citizen-centric services need to setup a most efficient and cost

effective Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network with the most modern technological

capabilities.

5.3.1 The broad objectives of Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network

are:

To provide a reliable and secured backbone network.

To provide a complete array of government services and online information to

the public in a secured way.

To provide convenient, anytime, anywhere public access to Government‟s

information and services.

To provide the State and local government entities with cost-effective long-

distance converged communication services (voice, data and video) to fulfill

the State‟s vision of widespread access to government services.

To interconnect existing networks with the proposed network to get better

utilization of the existing facilities.

To support e-Commerce applications to meet public requirement and thereby

improve the efficiency of all concerned.

To Provide Open interfaces for connectivity to facilitate the exchange of

information among State government users.

To provide vendor-neutral in regards to user connectivity, and will expand, not

limit the choice of products and services available to State agencies.

To provide significant improvement in Government to Citizen (G2C), Citizen

to Government (C2G), Government to Business (G2B), Business to

Government and Government to Government (G2G) interfaces.

Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network as a high capacity scalable Network based

on open standards will carry Voice, Data and Video traffic among designated locations

in the state. The connectivity to end-user will be the combination of standard leased

circuits, dial-up circuits or wireless circuits as appropriate for the individual offices.

State e-Governance Gateway (SEGG) with adequate capacity for Internet and

provision for connecting other existing Networks of other states and country (as shown

in Fig 5.1) are the additional requirements.

UASWAN will work on multi-tiers of Network connectivity model, which

comprise of State Head Quarter (SHQ), District Head Quarters (DHQs),

Tahsil/Taluka Head Quarters (THQs) etc. SHQ shall be connected to all DHQs and

offices in State Capital with required bandwidth capacity. Each DHQ shall be

connected to their respective THQs and offices in those Districts with required

bandwidth capacity. Each THQ shall be connected to the offices in those Tahsiles

with required bandwidth capacity.

Figure 5.1: Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network Diagram

Proposed Applications

The following services would be available after Uttarakhand State Wide Area

Network will operational:

Online Registration and search - Citizens will able to fill online registration

forms

Land Record Information System - ownership, area, taxation, etc.

Treasury Information System - status of bills submitted, Revenue, expenditure

Sales Tax - Status of tax collected location-wise

Transport (RTO, Check Post) - Tax collected at each check post

High Court – status of all cases (description, pending, next hearing etc.)

E-Agro Services – Details of agricultural land for farmers

e-Village – To Provide e-Governance services at last level citizens

Public Health Information System (PHIS) – All medical colleges of state &

Civil Hospitals will connected and able to provide telemedicine services.

Integrated Works Distribution & Management System

Figure 5.2: State level architecture

5.4 Web Portal Services for e-Governance at State Level

e- Forms based model

Benefit from the repository of valuable data that the departments collect is

shared by a small number of people and the majority of populations have no access to

this. This issue may however soon be a thing of past once departments start following

standards for electronic forms and share common information on individuals and

businesses. Experts suggest that standardization of information collection; storage and

digitization of forms are the next crucial steps for making e-initiatives services

successful in the state.

As a foundation step, Uttarakhand has already deployed Uttarakhand State

Wide Area Network and is in the process of completing Common Service Centers

(CSC) deployment and putting in place the State Data Centers (SDCs). E-Forms will

ride on these three pillars – Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network, SDC and CSC. In

our proposed model for Uttarakhand, the State Portal of Uttarakhand should host all

the forms as e-forms, for various Government Services accessible to citizens in the

state. A citizen will be able to download the e-forms through the various CSC outlets

and submit his/her application electronically. This submitted form will be routed

intelligently by the State Portal to SDC. A citizen will be able to query the status of

his/her application at a later point in time.

Standardization of information collection, strong and digitization of forms are

the key factors for making e-initiatives services in Uttarakhand.

These initiatives under the state different projects at automating the processes

related to the proactive enforcement and compliance of the legal requirements under

the Companies Act, 1956., For these projects fortunately, standardization of its various

forms was not a big hindrance as the proposed service, despite being a state-wide

rollout, was related to just one department, and there was enough political and

bureaucratic support to ensure its smooth running .

The Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network infrastructure helps in connecting

all State government offices, horizontally and vertically.

SDC is used for hosting the State Service delivery gateway (SSDG) and state

portal and forms the main engine of e-Forms.

CSC is the main access point for citizens and will be used for filling up e-

Forms from a remote rural location.

Once the infrastructure is in place, state governments would be loading

applications on the Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network , which can accessed

through the SSDG, These gateways will provide a single window access to the

information and services of the state government at all levels. By simply filling

in specific forms with the required information at nearby CSCs, all citizens,

including those in remote rural areas, will be able to access data and apply for

certificates etc with the click of a mouse.

5.5 IT Vision and Strategy

The state IT Policy aims to:

Encourage the use of IT in government not only as a tool for management and

decision support systems, but also re-engineer the processes to provide a

more efficient, transparent, accountable and responsive (SMART)

government to its citizens.

Upgrade the quality of life of citizens by facilitating easy access to consumer

applications of IT.

Encourage private sector initiatives for the development of world class IT

infrastructure adequate for the needs of citizens, industry and government.

Upgrade and develop skills required for the IT industry and to accelerate its

use in schools and colleges, to ensure the youth are fit for employment.

The government‟s plan for the IT sector is three-dimensional

• Setting up infrastructure

• Building the capacity

• Developing software applications

The IT department developed two IT Parks in 2005-06. The state plans to develop

a “Hermitage Building” project to Nainital .

5.5.1 IT Infrastructure

The government‟s initiative to introduce e-Governance is aimed at improving the

efficiency of various departments. It is also expected to aid the government in

interacting effectively with investors, other governments as well as the common

public. Improving the transparency in the system also falls high on the government‟s

agenda for reforms. Some of the projects include:

The Uttarakhand State Wide Area Network (USWAN) project to have the

required IT infrastructure for USWAN and Data Centre in place.

The state portal “Uttara” has been developed providing information about all

109 departments and institutions

Computerization of all offices of transport department is in progress with the

help of NIC and Hiltron. $1.14 million has been sanctioned by the IT

department for back-end computerization, out of which $0.55 million has been

released to Hiltron in phase-I .

Some of the other projects include :

Common Service Centres (CSC)

Development of Human Resources Management System

Project Management Application for PWD

Key highlights of Uttarakhand e-Governance initiative:

• Development of Smart Card Infrastructure

• The world‟s first Microsoft IT Academy was established in Dehradun

• Uttarakhand is among the leading states in computer education

5.6 State Citizen Data Card (SCDC)

At present, the citizens are not having any identity proof Card .They are using

either PAN card or Electoral Identification Card to prove their identity in state. There

are a lot of problems faced by the citizens in the current system.

State to prepare an ID Card STDC (State Citizen Data Card) It

(Biometric) is considered the most reliable way of guaranteeing people‟ identity since

each person has his or her own individual characteristics that cannot be changed, lost

or stolen.

Fighting identify theft has never been so necessary, as today, if we are to

guarantee homeland security .We all know that fake identities can have very serious

consequences, as shown by crimes, terrorism and illegal immigration .Biometrics is

highly recommended as the best solution to counter these threats. It is considered the

most reliable way of guaranteeing people‟ identify identification of individuals

although it is used in that way by certain program of States.

This application intends to provide an interface between citizens and state

officers to process the application online to collect (scdc). The system will provide a

forum for state citizens to apply over the web portal. They need to fill up all the

information as required in the form and submit to the system. The system will cross

check the data with the master database. If the person has earlier applied for birth

certificate, which actually generates an identification number, this number will be

referenced. If not, the system will create a new identification card number and a

reference number. This reference number is to facilitate the user to check the

application status.

If the status is approved, then the user must go to any of the state kiosk or CIC

to provide the thumb print and scanned photo. Once all the information is uploaded to

State Data Center database and once SDC pass the information to CSC produce the

SRIC, SRIC will be ready.

The current system requires citizens to provide thumb prints and their

photograph in order to process SRIC application. Besides giving thumb prints

manually using thumb pads, thumb prints can also be given using biometric thumb

scanner and related software to store it. There are many kinds of biometric scanners in

the market which can support these options. Fingerprint and thumbprint scanners are

popular for their ease of use. Several of these devices integrated into mice and stand-

alone scanners. BioLink's released U-Match 3.5 fingerprint scanner and U-Match

MatchBook 5.0 takes the concept one step further. These scanners contain a built-in

thumb-print scanner and provide log-on security with no extra hardware on the desk.

The U-Match Matchbook provides added security by combining a fingerprint scanner

and smart card reader. Both devices can be used by USB port. Biolink's biometric

scanners are widely used in government departments such as for passport departments

in Senegal, Maldives, sales tax department in India, department of human services in

San Francisco, and a few Banks in Kazakhstan. It is not practical for citizens to

acquire it in order to perform the online registration considering the high price of

acquiring it. Therefore, one of the ways to capture the fingerprint is by way of placing

this type of biometric scanner at CSC kiosks at public places so that citizens can drop

by at kiosks and provide thumb prints and photo while they do their shopping. The

same is applicable for loading citizens' photo into the SDC database. Figure shows

how the thumb print can be transmitted online over the CSC kiosk to SDC.

5.6.1 State Data Centre (SDC)

State Data Centre (SDC) has been identified as one of the important element

of the core infrastructure for supporting e-Governance initiatives. Under this study we

proposed to create State Data Centres for the States to consolidate services,

applications and infrastructure to provide efficient electronic delivery of G2G, G2C

and G2B services. These services can be rendered by the States through common

delivery platform seamlessly supported by core Connectivity Infrastructure such as

State Wide Area Network and Common Service Centre (CSC) connectivity extended

up to village level. State Data Centre would provide many functionalities and some of

the key functionalities are Central Repository of the State, Secure Data Storage,

Online Delivery of Services, Citizen Information/Services Portal, State Intranet

Portal, Disaster Recovery, Remote Management and Service Integration.

The State Data Centre will work as a key-supporting element of e-Governance

Initiatives & businesses for delivering services to the citizens with greater reliability,

availability and serviceability. SDC provides better operations & management control

and minimizes overall cost of Data Management, IT Management, Deployment and

other costs.

State Data Centre will act as a mediator and convergence point between open

unsecured public domain and sensitive government environment. It enables various

State departments to host their services/applications on a common infrastructure

leading to ease of integration and efficient management, ensuring that computing

resources and the support connectivity infrastructure (SWAN/NICNET) is adequately

and optimally used.

The SDC will be equipped to host / co-locate systems (e.g. Web Servers,

Application Servers, Database Servers, SAN, and NAS etc.) to host applications at the

SDC to use the centralized computing power. The centralized computers/Servers will

be used to host multiple applications. SDC will have high availability, centralized

authenticating system to authenticate the users to access their respective systems

depending on the authentication matrix. State would need to establish the SDC using

any one of the two options indicated below:

Option I:

State/UT and NIC together form a composite team for the State Data Centre.

While sovereign control of the data/ applications shall be with the State and NIC

through its dedicated core team (6-7domain experts /professionals) which may be

specially created for each State, shall provide complete handholding for infrastructure

up-keep, operations & management including issues related to business continuity.

NIC Data Centre team would further be supported by domain specialists and support

staff that would to be recruited by the Centre/State for the State Data Centre. The

Facility Management services for physical infrastructure may be outsourced, if

required.

Option II :

The State leverages the capabilities of existing commercial Internet Data Centres

(IDCs) for which different deployment models are available i.e. Co-located services,

Dedicated Services and Managed Services. Under this option, the State may identify a

suitable model (confined to either co-located services or dedicated services only

keeping in view the security implications) to select an appropriate agency through a

suitable competitive process for outsourcing. The entire process of outsourcing,

including advising on the most appropriate model, would be managed by the

consulting agency to be made available by DIT to the State. Further, the State may

also exercise the option to engage and utilize the manpower resources of NIC.

5.7 IT and e-Governance initiatives in Uttarakhand

In the state, maintaining pace with the global world, the Government is

drawing up a comprehensive programme to ensure that the benefit of e-Governance

reaches all sections of the society and economy. Various IT activities, such as

development of software applications packages, creation of e-Governance

infrastructure, databases, digital/educational content, etc., in e-Governance domain,

are part of Government‟s strategy in driving the IT penetration in Government offices.

NIC Uttarakhand State Unit, Dehradun has been instrumental in steering Information

and Communication Technology applications in Government Departments at various

levels, facilitating improvement in Government services, wider transparency in

Government functions and resulting improvement in decentralized planning and

management. The state unit was inaugurated on 10th November 2001 by the then

Chief Minister of the state. Since its inception in year 2001, major activities

undertaken by NIC in Uttaranchal can be categorized as follows:

Sectoral ICT

Web Applications

Infrastructure & Services

Trainings

Website (http://ua.nic.in , http://www.uttara.in)

IT has tremendous potential for developing a state like Uttarakhand. IT can be

leveraged to move forward from the status of a developing to a developed state. It can

help in bringing an administration, which is quick, responsive, transparent and

accessible.

The state therefore recognizes the importance of IT as a key enabler in its

economic development and improvement in government functioning. NIC-

Uttarakhand State/district units are playing an important role in promoting the usage

of IT, in increasing transparency and efficiency in the government.

It was in the month of Aug‟2001, when NIC-USU office has actually started its

operation in Uttarakhand .NIC-USU‟s services have evolved with time and in a short

span of just 5 years, it has come a long way and touched almost all the sectors, be it

computerization of Treasuries, Land Records, property Registration, Transport,

Planning, Commercial Tax, IPAO, Jal Sansthan, PWD, employment exchanges,

establishment of VC-studios, Networking, website development and hosting etc.

Uttarakhand is a young state and capacity building is very critical to accelerate the

process of development. Against this backdrop, trained more than 2000 officials and

generated skilled manpower in the state. These are the 11 projects undertaken by

Uttarakhand government:

Centrally Initiated e-Governance projects

(Under e-Governance (G2C) Category)

1. Land Records Computerization at Tahsil Level

2. Land Records Citizen Centric Website

3. Transport Office Computerization

4. MIS Development for Jal Sansthan (Pey Jal) Department, Uttarakhand

5. AGMARKNET

6. Right To Information (RTI) Website

7. CONFONET (Computerization of State/District Consumer Forums)

8. Multipurpose National Id-Card (MNIC) Project

9. MIS for National Rural Employment Guarantee Assurance (NREGA)

Programme

10. Unique Id-Project for Residents

11. Common Integrated Police Application (CIPA)

5.8 Common Service Centre (CSC)

In this study we proposed a three pillar model for e-initiatives for Uttarakhand:

1. State Data Centres Back-end

2 .State Wide Area Networks Delivery Channel

3. Common Services Centres Front-end

As a part of the National e-Governance Plan there will be :

100,000 Common Services Centers in Rural India - 10,000 in Urban India

One CSC to service a cluster of 6 villages – 6,00,000 villages networked

CSCs enabled with appropriate IT Infrastructure and Connectivity

Focus on Rural Entrepreneurship & Market Mechanisms

Focus on Private Sector services for quick sustainability

CSCs to be positioned as the retail extension outlets in rural India

No Capital Subsidy but Guaranteed Revenue Support from State/Centre

5.8.1 Services offered through CSC

The CSC s would offer a multitude of services ranging in the areas of e-

Government, education, health, agriculture, commercial, retail, etc. It is to be noted

that delivery of Government services would be mandatory for the CSCs. To that

effect, possible service areas (indicative) are listed below:

5.8.2 Government Services –G2C

Land Records

Birth/Death Certificates

Grievances

Form downloads and submissions

Bill payments –water, electricity, telecom, etc.

Licenses, permits, subsidies

Property Tax and Registration

Bus pass, Railway tickets, Passport, etc.

5.8.3 Business to Business – B2B/G2B

Market Research, Surveys, Data Collection

Rural BPO Services (Data Collection, Digitalization, etc.)

Advertising, Branding and Promotions

5.8.4 Business to Consumer Services - B2C

IT services (Printing, Scanning, DTP, web surfing, etc.)

Agri-business services (consulting, procurement, etc.)

Banking and Financial Services (Loans, Deposits, etc.)

Telecom Services (PCO, phone sales, etc.)

Commercial Services (Matrimonial, Astrology, Bio-data, etc.)

Retail Sales & Referrals (Farm Inputs, Vehicles, etc.)

Education Services (IT Training, English Speaking, etc.)

Health (Tele-medicine, OTC medicines, etc.)

eCommerce (Online shopping, trading, etc.)

5.8.5 Common Services through CSC

Electricity, Water, Telephone, Ration Card, Sanitation, Public Transport, Land

Records ,Telephone ,House tax billing ,FIR Registration, Lost and Found , Pension,

Registration of Licenses and Certificates Ration Cards, Birth Certificates, Death

Certificate, Domicile Certificate, Caste / Tribe Certificate , Arms Renewal,

Registration of Documents, School Registration, University Registration, Motor

Vehicle Registration, Driving License, Employment Exchange Registration,

Employment Opportunities, Examination Results, Hospitals / Beds Availability /

Services, Railway Time Tables, Airline Time Tables, Road Transport Time Tables,

Government Forms, Government Schemes, Seeds Information, Pesticides, Fertilizers,

Crop disease, Weather Forecast - short range / District wise, Market Price for

agriculture areas ,Taxation & Return Filing, Income Tax, Corporate Tax ,Sales Tax,

House Tax, Property Tax, Road Tax, Company Returns and many more.

Figure 5.3: e-Governance Services framework

State People Users Professionals Users

Internet Users, Mobile Users, Media, Kiosks

e-District

Portal

State

Portal National

Portal

Department

Portals

Central

Agencies

Service

Providers State Agencies

Services

5.9 Advanced Architecture Algorithm of Sensor based Robotics

Security System framework for e-Governance Technology

The main objective of this paper is to present a new Sensor-Based security

system Planning framework for e-governance system robot navigation in unknown

environments. The key idea of the sensor based robotics security system technique is

to exploit the information obtained about the environment topology through the

sensors and information and Communication technology(ICT) functions to bias the

distribution of random nodes in e-governance technology -like approach towards

critical regions, i.e. narrow passages and hard-to-navigate regions.

This results in a better coverage of the free space especially in environments

where narrow passages exist. Inspired by the promising results obtained using this

technique for model-based cases we propose a sensor-based robotics security planning

framework. In our proposed sensor-based technique information obtained about the

C-space topology through the FD paradigm is utilized to find the next best view

configuration where each scan should be carried out. They are actually measuring the

force which produces the acceleration of a known mass. Different types of

acceleration transducers are known: stress-strain gage, piezoelectric, capacitive, and

inductive. Micromechanical accelerometers have been developed. In this case the

force is measured by measuring the strain in elastic cantilever beams formed from

silicon dioxide by an integrated circuit fabrication technology. Sensors are used to

detect the positive contact between two mating parts and/or to measure the interaction

forces and torques which appear while the robot manipulator conducts part mating

operations. Another type of contact sensors is the tactile sensors which measure a

multitude of parameters of the touched object surface.

5.9.1 Range of Sensors: Range sensors measure the distance of two areas and objects

in their operation area are used. They are used for robot navigation one contact to

other contacts, in robotics system are used the sensors and sensors are specified the

particular range. If robots sensors are very fares then these are not working properly

and obstacle avoidance or to recover the third dimension for monocular vision. Range

sensors are based on one of the two principles: time-of-flight and triangulation.

Time-of-flight sensors estimate the range by measuring the time elapsed between the

transmission and return of a pulse. Laser range finders and sonar are the best known

sensors of this type.

Triangulation sensors measure range by detecting a given point on the object

surface from two different points of view at a known distance from each other.

Knowing this distance and the two view angles from the respective points to the

aimed surface point, a simple geometrical operation yields the range.

Figure 5.4: Control System for e-Governance

5.9.2. Robot controller can have a multi-level hierarchical architecture

These are the level of Robot controller as follows:

5.9.3. Artificial intelligence level: In this level commands are used for give the

programming commands for the robots of controlling system when you want to

execute the particular path then robots take executable correct command. where the

program will accept a command such as, „Pick up the bearing „ and decompose it into

a sequence of lower level commands based on a strategic model of the task.

5.9.4. Control mode level: where the motions of the system are modeled, including

the dynamic interactions between the different mechanisms, trajectories planned, and

grasp points selected. From this model a control strategy is formulated, and control

commands issued to the next lower level.

5.9.5. Servo system level: In this where actuators control the mechanism parameters

using feedback of internal sensory data, and paths are modified on the basis of

external sensory data. Also failure detection and correction mechanisms are

implemented at this level.

There also are different levels of abstraction for the robot programming languages:

Figure 5.5: Advanced Monitoring System[12]

5.9.6. Guiding the systems: In which system the user leads the robot through the

motion sensor to be performed the specific path. If we move the robots then user give

the guidelines with help of executable codes.

5.9.7. Robot-level programming: In which the user writes a computer program for

the specify motion and tasking. In this programming we can execute the particular

programming code. When we decide everything with our mind but robots decided the

thing with the help of programs and he execute the programs then he jumps next

levels.

5.10. Algorithm for Sensor based Robotics Controlling:

The overall algorithm of the sensor-based motion planning framework is given as the

following pseudo-code:

{

W ← Workspace.Initialize;

[C, ∆Cf ree , Cunkbnd ] ← Cspace.Initialize(W );

R ← Roadmap.Initialize(∆Cf ree );

qcur ← qs ;

it ← 0;

repeat

it ← it+1;

path ← Roadmap.Search(qcur , qg , R);

if path != NULL

qcur ← Robot.Move(path); Exit;

end;

V ← Fem.Solve(qs , qg , C);

qv ← Planner.NextBestView(V , Cunkbnd , R, W );

path ← Roadmap.Search(qcur , qv , R);

qcur ← Robot.Move(path);

W ← Workspace.Update(∆W , W );

[C, ∆Cf ree , Cunkbnd ] ← Cspace.Update(C, W );

R ← Roadmap.Expand(∆Cf ree , R);

until it <= MAXITNUM

}

In this algorithm configure the robots give the working of robots in their workplace

of security system.

5.11. Application of Robotics System in Different Type of e-Governance

Technology:

5.11.1. Hospital Robotics: Automated robotic carts with Motivity make predictable,

anywhere-to-anywhere deliveries, avoiding people and other obstacles, without

expensive retro-fitting to the workplace. When vacuum tubes are too expensive,

intrusive or inadequate for the job, transport systems with Motivity solve transport

and conveyance problems. When manual systems put staff at risk or distract from core

duties, robotic carts with Motivity provide welcome relief from dull, dirty or

dangerous tasks.

5.11.2. Remote Monitoring system in e-Governance Technology: Global

enterprises require remote access to far-flung facilities. And in this we adopt the

monitoring system to every secure areas because it is provide the monitoring system.

Adept Motivity platforms collect time and spatially stamped sensor data and images

for real-time viewing, historical tracking and predictive modeling of conditions at

remote sites. Optional pan-tilt laser pen allows viewer to point in remote space to

direct occupants' attention for remote support calls and maintenance questions.

Remote monitoring systems are used in defense areas and facilitate the government

technology.

5.11.3. Security Robotics System in Securities Areas: in this user remotely monitor,

manage, inspect, and assist a facility with intelligent mobile robots powered by Adept

Motility by integrating them with building information and security management

systems. Interrupt patrols for incident response such as alarm verification, supply

delivery, or calls for resources at an event location. Implement security automation on

a controlled-cost, low-impact schedule; start with one robot, build to 100. New

checkpoints, tasks, and sites can be added quickly. Typical ROI is 6-12 months in a

24/7 operation, with added benefits from improved tracking, increased reliability, and

lower worker risk of hazard.

5.11.4. Outdoor Robots: Adept Mobile Robots outdoor platforms offer multiple

solutions for commercial applications. Whether the need is a lighter, easily

transported base with hot swappable batteries, or a larger base capable of running all

day without recharging, Adept Mobile Robots has a Seeker robot platform for the

task. Both Seeker robot platforms can be teleported, driven by a cabled joystick or

allowed full autonomy, performing tasks and patrolling routes unsupervised. Add

GPS, laser rangefinders, PCs, or application-specific hardware like gas sensors or

powerful manipulators to get the job done in a cost-effective manner without putting a

human in harm‟s way.

5.11.5. Intelligent Robotics Kiosks: Intelligent display robots with Adept Motility

tote touch screen data displays, customized, networked, embedded PC and supplies

where needed, avoiding people and other obstacles, without expensive retro-fitting to

the workplace. The people-height touch screen makes interaction easy. When staff

hands are full, mobile robots with Adept Motility can carry what‟s needed to the next

location on their own and begin working or follow a staff-person there. Or they can

guide visitors and provide tours. Implement touch screen robots on a controlled-cost,

low-impact schedule; start with one robot, build to 100. Add new destinations, tasks

and worksites quickly, or just stay in follow mode. Typical ROI is 12 months in a

24X7 operation, with added benefits from improved tracking, increased productivity

and lower worker risk of hazard.

Figure 5.6: Robots Security System with Monitoring [12]

5.12. What Robots Can Do Right Now in e-Governance Technology?

Some Example we can show here……

5.12.1. Cleaning: vacuum cleaner is best example of the cleaning system at our

Home, even if you're not at home!

5.12.2. Automated Hauling: Several robots will carry dishes and other small loads

from room to room. A friend, recovering from hip surgery, to carry food from the

kitchen to the living room, and the dirty dishes back into the kitchen again. Since he

was on crutches, this was a real lifesaver.

5.12.3. Security: Home robots could easily be tied into a computerized home security

system, and the robot's mobility would allow more areas in the home to be protected.

And robots make secure security system.

5.12.4. Alarm Clock: With a little work I will soon be able to use Cybert as an alarm

clock. Every morning he will roll into my bedroom and wake me up; once he senses

that I'm out of bed he will follow me into the bathroom and deliver up-to-the minute

news, weather, sports, and stock market information.

5.12.5. Entertainment: Robotics is an exciting hobby for many people around the

world. There are countless clubs, websites, and books that have been written for those

who are interested in the topic.

5.12.6. Education: Using a home robot not only teaches about robotics, it teaches

spatial navigation, mapping, dud reckoning, programming, and more.

5.13. What Robotics System will be Able To Do in the Future

Technology?

Some examples of Robotics are as follows who has used in future as :

5.13.1. Pest Control: Small robots may one day scurry around our homes at night,

locating and smashing cockroaches and other unwanted guests (no, I'm not talking

about your mother-in-law.).

5.13.2. Child Care: The technology already exists to use a robot to check on the kids

while we are away from the house. Robotics will soon add a camera and an Internet

interface that would allow someone to "drive" the robot around from a remote

computer and receive live pictures of everything that Cye "sees".

5.13.3. Advanced Home Security and Management: Robots in the near future will

use advanced AI (artificial intelligence) to monitor our homes, make sure everything

is functioning properly and watch out for intruders.

5.13.4. Hazard Detection: It would be fairly easy to attach fire, smoke, carbon

monoxide, and other detectors to a home robot. Every night the robot could "make the

rounds" to ensure that everything is okay. [10]

5.14 Uses of E-governance

E-governance provides the various services but we are discussing some uses of e-

governance services that is teaches by ICT that is describing below:

1. ICT provides the full knowledge to the farmers about the fertilization like

how much fertilizer and which fertilizers uses in the field. Which fertilizer

best for good farming. Which crop is the best for the field means in less cost

which crop farming best for the field.

2. ICT provides the full knowledge to the rural areas people about the

medical like don‟t make ur doctor itself. ICT group open-eyes to the rural

areas people about the diseases. They vigilant the people for medical

diagnosis.They convey the people for the treatment through the doctor not by

the ojha. They eager the rural areas people for coming and joining the free

medical camps and checked their diseaes by doctor.

3. ICT helps the people in education. It tells the rural areas people about the

free education government policies. They gives the knowledge to the rural

areas people about night classes and how after literation they help itself. No

one cheat them.

4. ICT also helps in the banking to rural areas people. They gives the

knowledge about the safe loan like land, home, vehicle etc various types of

loan. They aware the people to the cheaters that cheat them by gaving the

loan.[9]

5.15 WEBtop (Operating Systems on Web)

The web operating system is evolving as a form at a rapid pace, promising to

free us from Windows once and for all. If you want to take the desktop to your web

browser, one contender is well on the way to making it possible. Web Operating

Systems (WebOS) is: “A software platform that interacts with the user through a web

browser and does not depend on any particular local operating system.”Web operating

systems are also commonly referred to as Web desktops or WEBTOPS.

"A web desktop or webtop is a network application system for integrating web

applications into a web based work space. It is a virtual desktop on the web, running

in a web browser as software. Web desktops often are characterized by an

environment similar to that of Windows, Mac, or Linux, but are now considered to

have much more functionality being dependent on the internet. Typical benefits

include the ability to save work and settings over the internet rather than to the local

desktop."

The first occurrence of the term “WebOS” is in the name of a computer

research project started by University of California, Berkeley in 1996 (that is now

continuing at Duke University), which describes it this way: "WebOS provides basic

operating systems services needed to build applications that are geographically

distributed, highly available, incrementally scalable, and dynamically reconfiguring."

Now you can think WebOS as a virtual desktop on the web, accessible via a

browser, with multiple integrated built-in applications that allow the user to easily

manage and organize her data from any location.

5.15.1 Benefits of WebOS

In a normal window based operating system, you need to use your own

resources like hard disk , memory and only your OS based applications can run ,like

you cannot work with MS office in Linux . A WebOS gives you freedom of work

from any terminal from any location using a web browser. The notion of the web

operating system attempts to unify your web applications to some extent, providing

you with a single point of access through which you can utilize tools and services,

store your files, read your emails and return to and from any computer on the planet.

Just as you can store your Google documents and spreadsheets on the web, and access

them from any terminal, irrespective of its operating system using , is a good example

of a web based OS . This is a new form of work with computers and an attempts to

make your entire desktop a WEBTOP .

5.15.2. Research Methodology

For this chapter, We have reviewed some most interesting WebOS available

nowadays and tried to provide a detailed description of their features. You will find

out that some of them have already reached a good level of implementation, while

others are still at their early stages. While reviewing these services We have identified

the following parameters as a comparison criteria for this list:

o Open API: the typology of Application Programming Interface that it uses

o Open-source: the possibility for users and developers to contribute to the

enrichment of the WebOS by creating new applications and widgets

o Integrated apps: the applications that the WebOS features by default (which

could be a text editor, an instant messenger, etc.)

o Audio-video Player: the availability of a media player within the WebOS

o Photo editing tool: the availability of a tool that allows the user to edit images

o E-mail client: the presence of an email client

o Instant Messaging: the availability of an integrated instant messenger

o Calendar: the existence of a calendar

o Collaboration - Conferencing tools: the presence of online collaboration

tools (such as VoIP, web conferencing tools, etc.)

o Mini-Browser: the integration of a web browser

o File storage: the amount of space – if available – to store files online

o File sharing support: the support for file sharing with other users

o Desktop Search: the presence of a desktop search engine within the WebOS

A technical review is given with research design and future goals to design better

web based operating systems is a part of this study .Findings of the study conclude

this paper .

5.15.3. Review of 10 web OS

Cloudo: Formerly known as Xindesk, Cloudo is an open internet-based

operating system that is written in PHP and runs the LAMP software bundle. It makes

full use of the area of the browser and seamlessly integrates with the iPhone‟s mobile

browser. Written using open technologies, this browser based OS is high on features

and usability. Currently in Public Beta, it opens to consumers next year.

EyeOS: One of the first implementations of the web-based OS that you can

run on your own server, EyeOS offers a credible amount of customization options as

long as your web server runs PHP5 and Apache. EyeOS also offers GUI

customization options which means that you can set up an OS the way you and your

users want it – highly recommended for those who need to set up their own Web OS.

Figure 5.7: Screenshot of the EyeOS

G.ho.st : Short for “Global Hosted Operating SysTem”, Ghost Inc.‟s web-

based operating system is built for all those consumers who need to set up an online

cloud-computing base without any hassles. The working environment is very similar

to most operating systems that users use, and users can add more applications in the

near future.

Glide OS : TransMedia‟s Glide OS is yet another entrant into the competitive

world of cloud computing. However, with Intel‟s plans of putting Glide into their

ultra-mobile PCs, this is one online OS that is not to be trifled with. Packing a host of

applications in its basic version, Glide does an admirable job of providing easy cloud

computing for its users on both the PC and mobile platforms.

Lucid Desktop: Lucid Desktop (formerly known as the Psych Desktop) is

built on a base of PHP5 and is a prosumer-oriented web desktop service. This desktop

can be installed on to a web server like EyeOS, and is remarkably simple to use and

write code for. With its proximity to Linux‟s code, Lucid Desktop will be a sure hit

with the Linux-loving masses.

Online OS: A welcome departure from the masses, Online OS is written in

Javascript and uses AJAX for its fast and user-friendly work. The demo desktop looks

like the Windows XP desktop (the registered version can be made to look like KDE or

Mac OSX) and loads very fast (although there are a few glitches here and there when

components fail to load quickly). It has file-management and other abilities, but most

of its applications are not part of the OS itself – rather, they launch outside of it,

making Online OS a sort of a portal to these apps.

WikiOffice: This is one of those few online operating systems that make use

of the EXT-JS library for its functioning. Coupled with cutting-edge GUI,

qWikiOffice is indistinguishable from an ordinary OS when it works. However, it is

still under development and there are no releases as yet.

Windows4all:

Figure 5.8: Windows4All - The Silverlight based Web OS

Using Microsoft‟s Silverlight technology, Windows4all is an online virtual

operating system. With a Vista-like GUI and desk bar, this is for all those Windows

fanatics who need to use their favourite OS on computers that do not have Windows

installed.

DesktopTwo: Labelled a “Webtop”, this cloud OS is one of the premier

services offered online, developed by Sapotek. The goal of the developers is to

convert the internet into a full fledged platform for working instead of relying on

hard-drive based applications. It is a playground for developers as they have released

their code under AGPL license.

Google Chrome OS: Google‟s highly anticipated (slated for release in 2010)

cloud computing OS is still largely open to speculation as Google has not released

much information since its blog post on the Chrome OS and we have reason to

believe that it will be as groundbreaking as its Browser.

Technical Review: WebOS provides OS services using wide-area network

and applications, there is a need to include mechanisms for resource discovery, a

global namespace, remote process execution, resource management, authentication,

and security. On a single machine, application developers can rely on the local

operating system to provide these abstractions. In the wide area, however, application

developers are forced to build these abstractions themselves or to do without. This ad-

hoc approach wastes programmer effort and system resources. To address these

problems, WebOS provides basic operating systems services needed to build

applications that are geographically distributed, highly available, incrementally

scalable, and dynamically reconfiguring. An application that demonstrates the utility

of WebOS tested using Rent-A-Server application , which is a web server capable of

dynamically replicating itself geographically in response to client access patterns.

5.16 Design goals and direction

5.16.1 User interface: The study indicate that a suitable user interface is a prime

design goals for any Web OS ,user interface should be in a form that include using

minimal screen space by combining applications and standard Web pages into a single

tab strip, rather than separating the two. Designers should consider a reduced window

management scheme that would operate only in full-screen mode. Secondary tasks

would be handled with "panels": floating windows that dock to the bottom of the

screen for tasks like chat and music players. Split screens can be used for viewing

two pieces of content side-by-side. We propose the use of search and pinned tabs as a

way to quickly locate and access applications after review some web OS.

5.16.2 Architecture :The study shows that in preliminary design we should use a

three-tier architecture: firmware, browser and window manager, with system-level

software and user end services.

The firmware contributes to fast boot time by not probing for hardware. The

firmware will also contribute security services by verifying each step in the

boot process and incorporating system recovery.

System-level software will include the OS kernel that has been patched to

improve boot performance. User end software has been trimmed to essentials,

with management by Upstart, which can launch services in parallel, re-spawn

crashed jobs, and defer services in the interest of faster booting.

The window manager will handle user interaction with multiple client

windows much like other X window managers.

5.17 Findings

We find out that most of the Web OS, are based on the Internet browser

interface which almost every PC user is familiar with and having with their PC .

WebOS are faster than normal OS as most of the web OS version boots up in under

10 seconds as we tested , some Web-based program leverages the advantages of

cloud computing ,so that all your data is located online and can be accessed via any

computer. In fact, a Chrome-based Netbook will save the last open Web page or

application online such that you can log into any portable using Google's OS and

resume exactly where you left off.

Security is also tight, as all applications are Web-based and sandboxed. Hence,

programs do not have the ability to corrupt the machine's operating system with

viruses or malware. Some WebOS based applications claimed that all firmware

upgrades are free and automatically downloaded, unlike normal windows based OS

which demand hundreds of dollars for new OS versions.

5.17.1 Some Limitations reviewed : Due to the tight integration between the

operating system and the Internet, what happens when one is cut off from the Web ?

Despite high Net penetration rates worldwide, a traveler to a foreign land may not

want to pay for online access, which, in some countries, can be very expensive. We

tested that Chrome-based Netbook is able to open multimedia files and play videos,

but there is no built-in application to open Word or PDF documents. The fact is that

some currently available WebOS have no provisions for installing third-party

software is another limitation .

Further concern is data security. With traffic taking place between the WebOS

and the Internet cloud, hackers can sniff out Internet packages and intercept

information between a PC and a Wi-Fi router. Most companies use encryption via

VPN software to hinder hacking attempts, but this may not be possible with some

WebOS like Chrome OS. [11]

5.18 State data warehouse

Data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant, non-volatile

collection of data, cutting across the enterprise. Until there is a repository of accurate

data across the enterprise value chain, application of mining tools to analyze and aid

in strategic government decisions is impossible. Currently, in most enterprises, the

most difficult and resource consuming stage of development and deployment is data

warehouse and mining application development.

At times, government departments might come across shortages of resources

in one department and excess of resources in the other. This could be due to non-

availability of proper data and facilities to disseminate information. Even if

government departments are computerized and networked more for the purpose of

Internet usage and mail transfer, the information available in one department, which

possess the data might not be utilized by other departments.

This is because the information is stored in different formats, in different

platforms and in heterogeneous data base systems. A look at the information

requirements at each level and the information flow across levels shows a pattern.

While information that flows from top (fund sanction, allocation and disbursement

details) is split up to generate information for lower levels, information that flows

from grass root level (such as expenditure details, benefits details, beneficiary details

etc.) is consolidated to generate information for higher levels. This pattern makes the

entire vertical domain of e-Governance framework, an ideal domain for development

of data warehousing and use of data mining applications.

5.18.1 Benefits of State Data Warehouse

Do not have to deal with heterogeneous and silo systems.

Dependence on IT staff minimized.

Can obtain easily decipherable and comprehensive information. without the

need to use sophisticated tools.

Can perform extensive analysis of stored data to provide answers to

exhaustive queries.

Helps in formulating more effective strategies and policies for citizen

facilitation.

5.18.2 Online Search Option

The proposed system only provides submission of registration. The future

system may provide more options to citizens as well as to government officials to

query and search on data stored in database, with implementation of strict and

powerful security features.

Provide Options to Lodge Loss of Certificates or SRIC and Apply for its

Copy: Currently, every loss of certificates is registered manually and the proposed

system does not provide any option to lodge the loss or application for a copy of the

certificates. The future system should include these options in order to provide a

complete service.

5.18.3 e-Payment and m-Payment

Create electronic payment system and incorporate it with the portal. Services

such as marriage and adoption registration incur charges. This charges must be made

payable by State government portal. The system with e-Payment facilities will

definitely provide ease of use. m-payment using m-banking facility.

Someday, people will log on to a website, establish their identity with a

password and digital signature, and carry out their transaction with government

without leaving their home. In time, the Internet will affect the public sector much

more profoundly than it has the private sector, for the simple reason that people like to

go out shopping whereas they dread the thought of making a trip to government office

and do so only out of necessity. Using the Internet would not only make people's lives

easier, it will change the way they think about government.

5.18.4 m-Services (Mobile phone based services)

We have more mobile users, as compared to the Internet users, in the state,

this fact provide a strong opportunity for state government to provide anytime

anywhere services to citizens without a stationary wired setup. Mobile governance is

comparatively, a broader phenomenon which is inevitable and will have a substantial

influence on the generation of standard strategies, rules and functions of e-

Governance in future.

The volume of penetration of mobile devices will put severe pressure on m-

Governance implementations. The users will want to have government services (those

which are appropriate for mobile technologies) to be delivered and accessible

anywhere and anytime.

5.18.5 SMS Alerts (In Local Language)

University results, Boards results, Various Entrance examinations results on

mobile phone, Farming information, Disaster information on mobile phone. Health

related information on mobile phone.

The following are some of the attractive benefits of using m-services:

Low Cost: Mobile phones are a relatively low cost technology as compared

Internet technology.

Ease of Learning: Usage of mobile devices is fairly simple thus making it

easy for any common person to use it and to access information.

Enhanced Network: A wide range of government services can be delivered

via mobile network. According to an estimate by R.Chandrashekhar,

Additional Secretary (e-Gov), Government of India, approximately 50 to 60%

of government services in India can be delivered through mobile channels.

Wide availability of mobile phones: The use of Internet requires a fairly

complex set of skills and technology know how's. There are certain

requirements such as electricity, communication lines, computer workstation

and in most cases a reasonable fluency in English. These requirements are

difficult to be met in many e-Governance applications, cannot be implemented

and if implemented they fail to succeed and meet their objective.

Easy Infrastructure Setup: Due to the simple architecture of mobile

telephony, new mobile phone networks can be easily installed in countries

where infrastructure is an issue and that too without too much economic

constraint.

3G Services: The shift towards higher data transfer rates and third generation

(3G) services which promise to make more information available at faster

speeds.

5.19 Data Security

The proposed model will work as an online system hosted by a public

(Internet) of private network (UKSWAN), for that user trust is must to use that

applications following are some recommendations:

5.19.1 Authentication

This is the ability to say that an electronic communication (whether via email

or web) does genuinely come from who it purports to. The challenge here is to have

simple, cost-effective but strong enough authentication method. At least two levels of

authentication are recommended. However, implementations of hardware tokens like

Citizen Smart card are expensive and not easily manageable.

5.19.2 Privacy

Privacy is the ability to ensure that information is accessed and changed only

by authorized parties. Typically this is achieved by enforcing strong security controls

in the server systems and via encryption.

5.19.3 Authorization

Authorization allows a person or computer system to determine if someone

has the authority to request or approve an action or information. Authorization is tied

with Authentication. If a system can securely verify that a request for information

(such as a web page) or a service (purchase requisition) has come from a known

individual, the system can then check against its internal rules to see if that person has

sufficient authority for the request to proceed. However, in case of e-Governance, the

huge and varied types of clientele pose a challenge for the authorization process.

5.19.4 Integrity

The Integrity of information means ensuring that a communication received

has not been altered or tampered with. Traditionally, this problem has been dealt with

by having tight control over access to paper documents and requiring authorized

officers to initial all changes made – a system with obvious drawbacks and

limitations. Integrity of messages can be achieved in G2B and G2G applications by

using digital certificates. However, for general population this will remain a

challenge.

5.20 Benefits of proposed system

The proposed framework will build on public-private partnership model.

Citizens shall provide with a clean, transparent, efficient and effective administrative

system through the state-of-the-art Electronic and communication technology. This

model will be a direct interface between the citizens and the government (C2G),

which saves considerable time, energy and money to every one and gives the citizens

the advantage of hassle free dealings with the administration. All administration

departments of Uttarakhand come under one roof, offering a wide Range Of citizen-

friendly services .All service centers are facilitated with an electronic system. It will

be a one-stop-shop for many of G2C and B2C services of Uttarkhand.

Following will be the key benefits after adoption this proposed model:

All services can be availed at any Common Service Center (CSC) or with the

help of information kiosks.

All services can be availed at any counter within the center, i.e. a consumer

need not visit one counter for one service and another for another service.

Services can be availed on holidays as well (365*24 work culture).

Bill payments can be made over the internet using EFT schemes of Banks.

Development of Integrated Citizen Service House (ICSH) to offer services of

multiple Government departments under one roof.

Payment of utility bills like water, electricity, telephone, property tax etc using

Internet / Mobile phone, Issue of birth, death and property certificates on line.

Booking bus tickets and train tickets through Internet, ATM machine,

information kiosks.

Issue of license on line.

Filing of passport application in Uttarakhand state on line.

Sale of legal documents for land registration.

Sale of state tourism department's travel and entertainment packages.

Integrated caste, nativity and birth certificate based on CID number.

Filing of income tax and sell tax returns.

e-education for rural areas in distance learning mode.

e- Healthcare System to provide mobile medical facilities in remote areas of

Hills.

Citizens are not charged for any utility payments.

At all State e-Governance counters payment can be made through cash,

cheque, demand draft & credit card.

Each Data center communicates with the servers of the departments

concerned. Therefore, payment particulars get updated on the departmental

servers in real time.

About 10000 citizens transact at the e-Governance centers everyday in future.

Citizens can use the facilities through the net by online payments.

Electronic receipt is treated as a conclusive proof of payment.

Business to Consumer (B2C) services at all centers. They include financial

services like ATM‟s, mutual funds etc. Other services include air ticketing,

Train booking, cellular phone bill payments etc.

Online exchange of interdepartmental user specific data to effectively reduce

cycle time for service fulfillment.

Initiation of transactions by citizens shall lead to revenue enhancement for

urban local body.

Optimized IT infrastructure.

Employment opportunities through mechanism like agent login.

Reduced paperwork.

Information on volume of service request with break-up by type and nature

Cycle time and all levels resolution of services requests.

Monitoring of incidents (Complaints) and their resolution cycle time.

Information on frequency and details of changes to city infrastructure

Useful information for capacity planning for infrastructure provision based on

land transactions /service requests received

Control of building activity in areas where infrastructure capacity is

inadequate

References

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Issues for e-Governance Model in Rural Areas of Uttarakhand”, New York

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12. Images taken from; google images(www.google.co.in)