14 systems concept

Systems

Carlos LoyolaTecSaltillo

Desarrollo Sustentable. Carlos Loyola. ITS. 2014



A system is a compound object, with its components related to at least another componentThey could be material or conceptual

All systems have a composition, structure and environment. Only the material systems have mechanisms

Only material systems have a figure or shape

All objects are systems or components of a system

Systems


The following slides show the formation and evolution of our atmosphere.

During the teacher’s presentation, make a list of systems you see in the explanation. Then select one of the systems and describe its components.


The origin of our universe

(ca. 13 000 million years ago)


Chemical Elements Formation


The process of nucleogenesis

(in the stars nuclei)


The process of nucleogenesis

(in the stars nuclei)

Are they related ?

Earth’s crust consolidation, atmosphere formation


Reducing nature of primitive atmosphere


“Abiogenic” synthesis of

organic compounds in

Oparin’s experiment.

Life on Earth

http://www.complex-life.org/csf2011

Evolution of Living Beings

Source: Wikipedia

Reloj

Geologico

Interconnected species

http://earth.geology.yale.edu/~avf5/teaching/listGG602.html

Scientists believe the Earth has experienced several extreme glacial events, two of which took place during the Cryogenian

period, 710 million to 630 million years ago. In 1992 and 1998, scientists hypothesised that around 635 million years ago, the

Earth underwent a major glacial episode that left it entirely smothered in ice.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1288584/Ten-greatest-30-second-theories.html

http://www.livescience.com/16714-oxygen-breathing-life-chromium.html

The rock above is a 2.48 billion-year-old banded iron formation from Australia that

contains high concentrations of chromium, which scientists believe is evidence of a

pivotal change in the Earth's atmosphere: the arrival of oxygen. Credit: Courtesy of

Stefan Lalonde

The Great Oxidation Event

http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/rock-water-microbes-underwater-sinkholes-in-lake-25851285

Figure 6

Simplified schematic timeline of photosynthesis and the oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans

through Earth’s history. Atmospheric oxygen concentrations are shown as a percentage of modern levels

(from Lyons et al. 2009). GOE = Great Oxidation Event, ~2.4 bya. Although there is always uncertainty in

chemical and biological data from the early Earth, time periods for which this information is especially

uncertain are indicated with question marks. Three main phases are evident: (1) an early anoxic world in

which there was very low oxygen and was dominated by anoxygenic photosynthesis; (2) an intermediate

low-oxygen world in which significant contributions to photosynthesis were made by both oxygenic and

anoxygenic phototrophs, or perhaps by organisms that could do both, such as those from Middle Island

Sinkhole; and (3) the modern oxic world in which oxygenic photosynthesis predominates. Not until this later

stage did complex plants and animals evolve.

© 2012 Nature Education Courtesy of Biddanda et al. All rights reserved.

The “Oxydizing Event”Photosyntesis changed the atmosphere


Earth’s crust chemical composition

Comp. Simb Vol

Oxygen O2 46.6%

Silicon Si 27.8%

Aluminum Al 8.1%

Iron Fe 5.0%

Calcium Ca 3.6%

Sodium Na 2.8%

Potassium K 2.6%

Magnesium Mg 2.0%

others 1.6%

mistupid.com/geology/earthcrust.htm

Gas NameChemical

Formula

Percent

Volume

Nitrogen N2 78.08%

Oxygen O2 20.95%

*Water H2O 0 to 4%

Argon Ar 0.93%

*Carbon

DioxideCO2 0.0360%

Neon Ne 0.0018%

Helium He 0.0005%

*Methane CH4 0.00017%

Hydrogen H2 0.00005%

*Nitrous

OxideN2O 0.00003%

*Ozone O3 0.000004%

Composición media de la

atmósfera a una altitud de 25 km

* Gases variables

Earth’s atmosphere chemical composition

Biogeochemical Cycles: Carbon

Date post:	21-Jul-2015
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14 systems concept

Science