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Attached toverbs showing

the subject

s.com

ARABIC PRONOUNS

The Pronoun

cted

Attached tonouns,verbs& particles

Hidden

ObjeProno

Page 1

Separate

tn

Subject

Pronouns

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In Arabic we have 3 types of pronouns: separate, attached and hidden.

1- The Separate Pronoun

We call them separate as they occur separated, i.e. not connected to a noun, ora verb or a particle. They are of two forms:

First form: Separate pronouns which are very common and come mostly at

the beginning of a sentence

(1st person)The person who speaks I m/f. s

We m/f. d/p (2nd person)The person you speak to You m. s

You f. s You m/f. d You m. p You f. p (3rd person)The person you speak about

He/ it m. s She/ it f. s They m/f. d They m. p They f. p

Masculine (m.) Feminine (f.) Singular (s.)

Dual (d.) Plural (p.)

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Second form: They come only as the object of a verb, if we want toemphasize that object, by putting it before the verb.

(1st person)The person who speaks

I m/f. s We m/f. d/p (2nd person)The person you speak to You m. s You f. s You m/f. d You m. p You f. p (3rd person)The person you speak about He/ it m. s She/ it f. s They m/f. d They m. p They f. p

x8$)7tx8$)utGn Ex.You (Alone) we worship, and You (Alone) we ask for help (for each andeverything)

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2- The Attached Pronoun They are also called Pronouns Suffixes as they come at the end of the word.The Attached Pronoun in Arabic is of two forms:

First form: Attached to nouns, verbs and particles

Objectattachedtothe verb

Attached

to Attached to

prepositionsAttachedto nouns Attached

Pronoun

SeparatePronoun

(1st person) / ... I m/f. s / ... We m/f. d/p

(2nd

person)

... You m. s ... You f. s ... You m/f. d ... You m. p ... You f. p

(3rd

person)

... He/ it m. s ... She/ it f. s ... They m/f. d ... They m. p ... They f. p

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The pronouns of this form can come in different positions, for example:

1- Attached to nouns to show the possessor.

Ex. The book ofmine ormy book.

2- Attached to prepositions Ex. From him.3- Attached to the particle (Indeed)Ex. Indeed you(m. s)

4- Attached to verbs to show the object .Ex. I ask him.

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Second form: Attached to verbs to show the subject

The subject here means: The one who does the verb .

A- Pronouns attached to the present tense verb

*The hidden pronoun will be explained later

Separate Pronoun

Present verb

Name of the

attached pronoun

)(

Hidden pronoun*

) (

)(

) ( ) (

) ( ) (

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Important comments about the present tense verb:

1- The present tense verb has to start with one of the four following letters:

They are called (letters for the present)a. The prefix represents (I).

b. The prefix represents(We).c. The prefix represents the 2

ndperson

d. The prefix represents the 3rd person.

( With the exceptionof the 3rd

person f. s. and the 3rd

person f. d.

they take the prefix )

Important note:These prefixes are not pronouns; they are only signs for the present tense verb.The pronouns come only at the end of the word.

2- The present tense verb can come without a pronoun suffix, in that case

the first letter of the verb will be a sign that shows the subject (The one who didthe verb)

Ex. means we say notice that no pronoun suffix attached to that verb for

(we). In such cases we say that the pronoun is hidden.

Important note:

The present verb for (she) and (you m. s.) are similar =

3- The present tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:a. The pronoun suffix called (Yaa' of the spoken to f. s.):

comes only with you f. s. Ex. b. The pronoun suffix called (Alif of two): comes with the dual of the

2nd and 3rd person

Ex. -

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Important note:The present verb for (they f. d.) and (you m. d.) is similar

Ex.

c. The pronoun suffix called (Waaw of group): comes withmasculine plural of the 2nd and 3rd person

Ex. - d. The pronoun suffix called (Noon of women): comes withfeminine plural 2nd and 3rd person

Ex. - Important note:

The letter that sometimes comes at the end of the present as in

- is not a pronoun, it is related to the conjugation of theverbs that we will study in coming lessons .

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B- Pronouns attached to the past tense verb

Separate Pronoun Past verb Name of theattached pronoun

) ( ) ( ) ( ) (

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Important comments about the past tense verb:

1- There is no prefix attached to the past tense verb.

2- The past tense verb comes without a pronoun suffix only in two cases:

a. The 3rd person (m. s.) b. The 3rd person (f. s.) ends with (it is a with Sukoon atthe end of the past tense verb and it is a sign of femininity not a pronoun).

Also appears at the end of 3rd person (d. f.) before thepronoun

but we had to put Fat-hah on if due to Alif Maddiyyah

following it.

3- The past tense verb can come with a pronoun suffix:

a. The pronoun suffix comes with the singular of the 1st person andwith all the subjects of the 2nd person.

--

* Notice that the ending of the verbs in 2nd person is the same as the ending ofthe separate pronoun of that group. You can say them together as a rhyme.

b. The pronoun suffix (Naa of the doers) comes with the dual andthe plural of the 1st person

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c. The pronoun suffix (Alif of two) comes with the dual of the3rd person d. The pronoun suffix (Waaw of group) comes with masculineplural of3rd person (The Alif that comes after that Waaw is not pronounced)

e. The pronoun suffix (Noon of women): comes with feminineplural of the 3rdperson

C - Pronouns attached to the Command Verb

Important comments about the command verb

1- The Command Verb is used for command , request andsupplication .2- It is used for the 2nd person only3- It uses the same pronouns used with the 2nd persons of present.

Separate Pronoun

Command verb

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The verbs in the different tenses

Separate Pronoun

Present Tense

Past tense

Command verb

) (

) (

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3- The Hidden Pronoun

The Hidden Pronoun can come in different positions in the sentence; forexample; it comes after some verbs to show the subject, as mentioned in page6 & in page 9 before.

Ex. (I do) the subject is contained in the verb, and it is understood that theone who did the verb is I or me.

Conjugation of the Arabic pronouns:We already know that nouns might change of form after the change of the

position of that word in the sentences e. g. But the Arabic pronouns do not change of form in any situation, they are built on

one form . You will never see a word like except like that with Dammahat the end. Never

If the pronoun is as mentioned above, why does the attached pronouncomes sometimes with Kasrah and others with Dammah?

This is not due to the change of position of the word in the sentence, but toletter that precedes it.

If it is preceded with or long vowel it will have .Ex. - Otherwise, it will have Ex. - -