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17.1 BirthplaceRenaissance Birthplace – Italy Suffering leads to need for new/classical
ideas Questioned the church on why they had to
suffer Medieval ideas blocked social advancement Renaissance means “rebirth”
Why Italy?
Bubonic Plague And Crusade Effects How did the Crusades affect the Renaissance?
Trade caused cities to spring up around northern Italy
How did the Bubonic Plague affect the Renaissance movement? Killed 60% of the population in the cities With fewer laborers – demanded higher wages Reduced population shrunk opportunities for
business expansion Wealthy merchants began to pursue other things
like art
Medici Family Because of the increased trade due to the
Crusades, the merchant class was the wealthiest
Merchants did not inherit status – but felt they deserved it because of what they had accomplished on their own
Medici family wealthiest Basically a dictator Supported the arts
INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT = THEME
Classical Ideas and Humanism They studied classical ideas: Greek and Roman Classical ideas led to humanism
Human potential and achievement Encouraged studies of history, literature,
philosophy = humanities Were secular – remained devout Catholics, but
felt that people could enjoy life without offending God
Popes and wealthy merchants became patrons
“Renaissance Man” Was educated in many areas Expected to create art
Renaissance Women- know the classics- be charming- not seek fame- inspire art not create it
Renaissance Revolutionizes Art and Writing Teenaged Mutant Ninja Turtles (But not
really) Machiavelli
The Prince
17. 2 Northern Renaissance By 1400’s the spread of the Renaissance
reached Northern Europe Merchants carried the ideas north 100 Year’s War had ended Population from the Bubonic Plague was
recovering Cities and wealth grew Patrons began to sponsor artists and
writers
France and England were under monarchs – unlike Italy
Rulers and wealthy merchants began to sponsor artists France invites da Vinci to retire there
Royal Courts- Played role in spread of Renaissance ideas- Every court wanted to be on the cutting edge
Renaissance Ideas of the North Renaissance ideas mingled with
northern traditions Were more concerned with religious ideas
than secular ideas of Italy This caused a push for religious reform
based on Christian values HUMAN DIGNITY = Theme
Students fleeing a French invasion of Italy carry ideas to Northern Europe
Gutenberg’s Printing Press Presses paper against a tray full of
linked movable type Allowed hundreds of copies of the same
page Affordable for all Spread ideas Many books were in vernacular – so even
those not classically educated could read them
Gutenberg’s Bible Used his printing press to print the
complete Bible First full sized book printed with movable
type Bible eventually printed in vernacular
Allowed people to interpret the Bible for themselves and they became more critical of priests and their behavior
Leads to demands for religious reform
17.3 The Reformation Starts By the 10th Century the Church had
come to dominate life in Northern and Western Europe
The people began to resent the church and criticized the rule
Causes Secular ideas Rulers (political) wanted to challenge
the pope Northern merchants did not want to pay
taxes to Rome Many Problems in the church
(corruption, scandal)
Early Calls for Reform Wycliffe and Bohemia
Challenged Pope’s worldly power Bible had more authority than the church
Savonarola Preached reform (burn worldly goods)
Martin Luther Protested Sales of Indulgences 95 Theses
Asked people to debate his claims Luther became famous Churches followed The Reformation begins
Opposition to Luther The Pope
Threated to excommunicate Luther The Holy Roman Emperor
Threatened to imprison Luther The Diet and Edict of Worms
Luther was not intimidated
England Becomes Protestant Henry the 8th wants a divorce
Pope says no Henry Challenged
Mary (Henry’s Daughter) restores Catholicism
Elizabeth I takes over (deposing Mary) and restores Protestantism.
After Restoring England Elizabeth faced an attack from Spain.
Elizabeth supported Protestant rebellion in Spain Spain Lost
Elizabeth was a moderately successful ruler Money was an issue
17.4 More Protestant Churches Calvin and his teachings
“Institutes of the Christian Religion” Predestination
Calvin Runs Geneva Strict rules, dire consequences
Calvinism Spreads John Knox visited Geneva and liked the
Calvinist way of life. Took it back to Scotland= Presbyterianism
Similar beliefs spread to Swiss, Dutch, and French reformers
Still exists today but softened
The Anabaptists “Baptize again” Protestants and Catholics felt threated
by them so they were persecuted Influenced the Amish, Quakers and
Baptists
Women of the Reformation They were known for influencing their
reformer husbands and protecting them such as the case for John Calvin
Still discouraged from being leaders
The Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyola
Jesuits They founded schools throughout
Europe Trained in theology and classical studies Went on missions Attempted to stop the spread of
Protestanism
Reforming Popes Pope Paul III
Investigates Indulgences Inquisition Council of Trent
Pope Paul IV Index of Forbidden Books