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INFACON Nine Organization
ChairmanDieter Ksinsik, Becancour Silicon
Organizing CorrunitteeChairman Dieter Ksinsik, Becancour Silicon
Larry Byrnes, AIMCORMichael.Farrell, American Alloys, Inc.
Jun May, Dow ComingDave Renfrew, Elkem Metals, Inc.
Anne Trembley, International Manganese InstituteHelge Aasen, Elkem Metals, Inc.
Paco Rivero, Minera Autlan. Jim Carter, Shieldalloy Metallurgical Corporation
Rik Melvrn, Eramet (fFA Manganese Comminee Representative)
Technical CorrunitteeChairman Hans Johansson, Elkem Metals Inc.
Tom Riscili, American Alloys, Inc. 'Rene Boisvert, Becancour Silicon
Vishu Dosaj, Dow ComingMark Read, Elkem Metals, Inc.
Roger Urquhart, Hatch & Associates, Inc.Gero Rath, SMS Demag AG
Agustin Torres, Mineral Autlan. Jerry Mang, Shieldalloy
Jerry Pfelfer, Ethyl Corporation ('TFA Manganese Cornminee Representative)Mans Bruno, Tmfos (IMnl Representative)
~n Symposium Technical ChairmanDr. Michael Aschner, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
INFACON Nine StaffEdward J. Kinghorn Jr., lNFl~.cON1'!"ine Vice Chairman; Kinghom & Associates
John Hilbert, Kinghorn & AssociatesTricia Bronson, Kinghorn & AssociatesErin Leonard, Kinghom & Associates
Karen Bronson, Kinghom & AssociatesMary Norwood, Kinghom & Associates
Overall Proceedings Contents
INFACON Nine ContentsOpening Ceremony & Plenary Sessions
Simulation Control Modeling
Ferrochromium & Ferronickel
Ferromanganese & Silicomanganese #1
Silicon & Ferrosilicon #1
Ferromanganese & Silicomanganese #2
Silicon & Ferrosilicon #2
Ferromanganese & Silicomanganese #3
Environment
Electrodes & Refractory
Health & Safety
Global Updates
Closing Plenary Session
Manganese Symposium ContentsOpening Session
Mechanisms of Toxicity
Pharmakokinetics & Miscellaneous Papers
Human Health & Epidemiology Parts I & II
Manganese and the Nervous System
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INFACON Nine ContentsJUNE 4 8:00-8:30 OPENING CEREMONYWelcome to INFACON NineDieter Ksinsik: lNFACON NlOe ChainnanWelcome from The Ferroalloys AssociationEdward J. Kinghom, Jr.: TFA PresidentWelcome from QuebecQuebec Government Official
JUNE 4 8:30-10:00 PLENARY SESSIONOutlook from the Steel IndustryDuane R Dunham: Ch . P'dOutlook from th Sill' auman, reSl ent and CEO of BetWehem Steel
e cones IndustryGary Anderson: President and CEO of Dow CominManganese Outlook and SymPOSt'um Ov . gJ An' Ri ervlewose !Oruo vero: Minera Autlan - Chainnan of th In .
Restructure of Chinese Ferroalloy Industry e ternauonal Manganese Institute
Zhang Zengchan: Secretary General of the Chinese Ferroalloy Indust A "ry SSOClauon
JUNE 4 10:30-12:30 PLENARY SESSIONTrends in U.S. Customer Needs for FerroalloysScon Slbley,John W. Blossom, tarry D Cunnin h .Gambogi, Thomas S. Jones Peter H K' ck g am, Michael D. Fenton, JosephShedd U.S. Geological Sun:ey . u , John F. Papp, Roben G. Reese, and KinI B.
Key Developments in the Ferroalloy MarketsJom P. De Linde: CRU InternationalThe Internet and Emerg' Co "L Ri mg mmUDlcatlOn Technologt'es
sa CenIan: Anhur Andersoni he Fen:oalloy Industry and Global Climate Change' Risk M' . " dconOIDJC Opportunity . m1ID12atlOn an
Michael Mondshine, SAlC
JUNE 414:00-17:30 BREAKoUT - SIMULATION CODetermination of Component Activities' th er S. NTROL MODELINGK. Kossyrev: Moscow Steel and All In.
me - l-C and Cr-Fe-Si-C Melts
Kumakov Institute of Inorganic Choys. S!ltut~' K. Maruchkin and ,,?-S. Alikhanyan:& Technology emmry, an S.E. Olsen: Norweg.an University Science
DC Arc Furnace Technology A li d SI'Kjell B d B'" . pp e to me tmg Applications
ergman an Jom KJellberg: Danieli CentroMetFlow and Heat Transfer in a Radiall S din . .Casting of Ferroalloys y prea g LIqUId Metal Jet Related to
Harald Haaland Elkem Shared Services and Jon Am akk '.Saence & Technology e B en: Norweg.an Uruversity of
Experiences in Operation of Various Electric-Arc F d'Control urnaces un er ReSIStance
AL. Moolman MS R . d P .Inf . ' . enrue, an . Brereton-Stiles' MintekM t:atlOn Management in the Ferroalloy BU~iness
.. enrue, WD. Carew,R Terblanche AL M lmanA Thermodynamic Model for Sill' F'" 00 , and N. Anthony: MintekX d I"' con urnace
. e aJuganruere, Pechiney Electrometallurgie
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Discussion of Ideal Smelting Model of Submerged-Arc FurnaceL Jingchun: Jilin Ferroalloy Group Co. Ltd.The Related Practices for the Design for Low Frequency Electric Arc FurnaceL Zhichao: Xi'an Huaxing: Electric Furnace Co. Ltd.
JUNE 414:00-17:30 BREAKOUT - FERROCHROMIUM AND FERRONICKELReduction of Chromium Oxide by Methane-containing GasO. Ostrovski and Nathaniel Anacleto: University of New South Wales, Andrew Jacobs:BHP Steel, and Gregory McKenzie: BHP ResearchKinetic Modelling of Chromite Pellet Reduction with Co Gas Under RisingTemperatures from 700 to 1520 Degrees CYanping Xiao and Marlrus Reuter: Delft University of Technology, and Lauri Holappa:Helskinki Universiry of Technology
• Kinetic Study on Smelting Reduction of Chromite OreMarko Kekkonen and Lauri Holappa: Helsinki University of Technology, and PekkaNiemela: AvestaPolarit Chrome OyExcavation of a 54 MVA HC-Ferrochromium FurnaceEli Ringdalen and Johan Eilertsen: Elkem Rana AsStatus Report on Pyrometallurgical Ferronickel ProductionG. Rath, J. Kunze, and R. Degal: SMS-DEMAG AGPig-Iron and Ferroalloys Production in Oxygen ReactorV.A. Grigoryan, AV. Pavlov, AE. Semin, and K.L. Kossyrev: Moscow Steel and AlloysInstituteProbe into Decreasing Sulphur Contents in Medium Ferrochromium in ConverterPracticeWeng Hongbin and L Pengyun: Zhengjiang Hengshan Ferroalloy Works
JUNE 58:00-10:30 BREAKOUT - FERROMANGANESE ANDSILICOMANGANESE # 1Kinetics of the Prereduction of Manganese OresMerete Tangstad, Stein Wasoo and Ragnar Tronstad: Eramet Norway R&D and MichelSibony: Centre de Recherche de TrappesSintering of COMILOG Ore in MoandaIT Dailloux: Eramet Comilog Manganese SA; M Sibony and F. Wasser: CRTSintered Manganese Ore and its Use in Ferromanganese ProductionJorma Daavinila, Paivi Oikarinen: Outokumpu Engineering Contractors ay; and RikuSarkkinen and Helge Krogerus: Outokumpu Research OyKinetics of Gaseous Reduction of Manganese OreTor Lindstad SINTEF Materials Technology and Lars-Ame Stalheim NorwegianUniversity of Science and TechnologyMetallothermic Reduction of T avas Manganese OreOnuralp Yiicel, Alper Ozan Keskin, and Filiz <;:mar ~ahin: Istanbul Technical Universi tyHigh Thermal Electrical Property of Manganese Ore in Production of High CarbonFerromanganeseYoshihiro Miyauchi, Masashi Mochida, and Yasunari Fuchi: Nippon Den.ko Co.
JUNE 58:30-10:30 BREAKOUT - SILICON AND FERROSILICON #1The Worldwide Silicon Market and New TechnologiesJavier Bull6n Camarasa and Santiago OUer Velasco: Ferroatlantica S.L.Arc Simulation Model for Three-Phase Electro-metallurgical furnacesG.A S::evarsdonir, lA Bakken, V.G. Sevastyanen.ko, Liping Gu: Norwegian University ofScience and Technology
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JUNE 511:00-13:00 BREAKoUT - SILICON AND FERROSILICON #2 314Modeling of the Silicon Process as a DAE System 316Martin G. Ruszkowski, and Lorenz T. Biegler: Depanment of Chemical Engineering; TorLindstad: SINTEF Materials Technology; and B. Erik YdstieOxidation of Liquid Silicon-Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics 328Kjetil HildaI and]ohan Kr. Tuset: Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyStream Explosions of Single Drops ofMolten SiliconpRich Alloys 338L.S. Nelson, P. Brooks, R Bonazza, andM.L. Corradini: University of Wisconsin, and K.HildaI, and TH. Bergstrom: SINTEF Materials TechnologySelectivity and Reactivity of the Trichlorosilane Process 352Geir ]. Andersen and Harald A. 0ye: Norwegian University of Science & Technology,NTNU;]an-Ono Hoe!: SINTEF Applied Chemistry; and HarryRong: Elkern ASA
JUNE 514:30-17:30 BREAKoUT - FERROMANGANESE AND 358SILICOMANGANESE #3
Mineralogical and Thermodynamic Investigation of CLU Converter Lining Failures 360in Commercial Production ofMedium Carbon FeMn
Uoyd R Nelson: Tubatse Ferrochrome, Sarnancor Chrome; PHF Bouwer: Transalloys; andNatalie B. Buenk: Ferroveld
The Binary Diagrams within the System Fe-Mn-C-O, and the Thermal Properties of 377Elemental Manganese
]. Fenstad and].K. Tuset: Norwegian University of Science & TechnologyThe Processing ofJigged Ferromanganese Fines in a DC Arc Furnace 388K. Bisaka and G. M. Denton: MINTEK; and].A.L. Parker: TitacoSiMn Production in a 150 KVA Pilot Scale Furnace 401M. Tangstad, B. Heiland, and R Trondstad: Eramet Norway R&D; and S.E. Olsen: NTNUThe Production of Purified Mn-Si Alloy 407Ye Yunfeng and Dong Ying:]ilin Ferroalloys Cozp.
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BREAKOUT - GLOBAL UPDATESJUNE 6 9:30-10:30 _ d Consumption in TurkeyThe Present Situation of..Ferroalloy r;:t~c:~:mKoksal: Istanbul TechnicalSiiheylaAydin, Onuralp Yucel, Cuneyt ,University
A Surveyo~ the Irani~nFerrf Min°alloy
Ini;::;:Zs_ .S Heshmati-Manesh and A. Ataie: TehranD. Sargheun: The Ministry 0 es an ,University
JUNE 611-00-13-00 PLENARY SESSION _A New Roie for Microalloyed Steels Addin~ EconolllJc ValueMichael Korchynsky: U.S. Vanadium Cozporau~n
Aluminum-based Solutions for the AutomotIve IndustryD M emillan President of Alcan Automouve Productson a, _ d S IThe Future Role of Ferroalloys ID Iron an tee f M tallurgy KTH and Ole-Svein0ystein Grong: NTNU; Par ]onsson: Department 0 e , ,
K1evan: Elkem ASA, cl0Elkim Thamsh~~Customers in the Steel Industry
Future Demands on Ferr.~lIoysfrom f M all Km and <Systein Grong: Dept. ofPar ]onsson and Thoblas SJOqvISt: Dlv.o et urgy,Materials Technology and Electrochenustry, NTNU
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JUNE 5 11:00-13:00 BREAKoUT - FERROMANGANESE ANDSILICOMANGANESE #2The Slag Basicity Concept in the HC FeMn ProcessS.E. Olsen: Norwegian University of Science & Technology
Effect of Gas Composition on the Carbothermic Reduction ofManganese Ore andFerromanganese Slag
M. Yastreboff and Oleg Ostrovski: University of New South Wales; and S. Ganguly:Tasmanian Electrometallurgical Company
Factors Affecting Carbon Consumption in the Production of High CarbonFerromanganese
K.N. Swamyand D.G.G Robenson: University of Missouri-Rolla; and P. Calven and D.Kozak: Eramet Marietta, Inc.
Kinetic Modelling of MoO Reduction from Manganese OreOleg Ostrovski and M. Yastreboff: University of New South Wales; S.E. Olsen: NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology; and M. Tangstad: Eramet Norway
The SKTEC Electrode - An Adaptable Electrode Design for the Production ofSilicon Metal and FerrosiliconRene Boisven: Becancour SiliconUse of Biocarbon in Norwegian Ferroalloy ProductionBodil Monsen and Monen Gmnli: SINTEF; Lars Nygaard: FESIL ASA; and HalvardTveit, ELKEM ASA
The Effect of Ferromanganese Cleanness on Inclusions in SteelThobias Sjaqvist and Par Jansson: Royal Institute of Technology; and Halvard Berg:Eramet NorwayOxidation Studies During Decarburization of FeMnP. J. Bhonde and RD. Angal: Indian Institute of Technology
JUNE 5 14:30-17:00 BREAKOUT - ENVIRONMENTMercury Removal from Off-gases at Tinfos Manganese Plant, 0ye SmelteverkMans Btuno and Dag Haaland: Tinfos Jernverk AS; and Thomas Thomassen: MILTEC AS
'IBacterial Reduction of Hexavalent Cr: A Viable Environmental Solution to theTreatment of Effluent from a FeCr SmelterWillem A. Gericke: Billiton Centre for PyrometallurgyThe Environmental Challenge: the Approach Adopted for the Manufacture ofChromium Metal and FerroTitaniumL. Ranson: London & Scandinavian Metallurgical Co LimitedEuroA.lliages Research Project for Environmental Hazard-Evaluation of FerroalIoysand SlagsM.B.M. Indeherberg and K. Van Der Kerken: Ecotox Laboratory Lsec; E.G. Astrup:Elkem ASA; G. Hwnbert: Pechiney; S. Laget: SADACI SA; E. Midgaard: Tinfos JernverkAlS; ID. Scan: LSM Co. Ltd.; and U. SyrajaJa: Outokwnpu
JUNE 6 830-1030 BREAKOUT - ELECTRODES & REFRACTORYStudy on Magnesia Ramming Bottom Lining in FerroalIoy RefIning Furnace andIts ApplicationWang Shouyuan: Jilin Ferroalloys Group Co. Ltd.Improving ProfItability by Analyzing FerroalIoy Furnace Lining Performance toImprove LifetimeReinoud J. van Laar , Albert J. Dzermejko, and John M. Risi: Danieli Corus TechnicalServices; Hugo Hall: Samancor Chrome; and Jacques MalanUse of Soderberg Electrode Paste in BriquetesJose Paulo M. Amaro, MMet: Technical Services Carboindustrial SA; Geraldo A. Messiaslima: Ferroligas Maringa; and Euclides Jose' Lourenco and Jose' Alcestes Belmome:Carboindustrial S.AOperation of Sederberg Electrodes Methods to Avoid and Solve Electrode FailuresGunnar Andersen, Reidar Innvaer and Bj0rnar Larsen: Elkem CarbonApplication of Magnesite Ramming Mix in Production of FerroalloyYang Zhizhong: Central Iron and Steel Institute, Wang Shouyuan:Jilin FerroalloyCo. Ltd.,and Jin Yuangang: Huayu Refractories Co. Ltd.Impact of Electrode Paste on Soderberg Electrode PerformanceP.M. Wilkinson, Dr. S. Ganguly, PA Williams, and L.J. Jensen: Tasmanian ElectroMetallurgical Co. Pty. Ltd.
JUNE 6 8:30-9:30 BREAKOUT - HEALTH & SAFETYMagnetic Fields from Arc Furnace Considering Occupational ExposureTomrni Keikko, Sampsa Kuusiluoma, and Leena Korpinen: Tampere University ofTechnology; and Mauri Kauppi: Outokwnpu ChromeEnquiry into a Fire in the Bag Filter Attached to Two Ferromanganese FurnacesBR Broekman: Avrnin Ltd; A RJamieson: Pyromet; and C G Muir: Feralloys
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JUNE 4 8:00-8:30 OPENING CEREMONYWelcome to INFACON NineDieter Ksinsik: INFACON Nme ChairmanWelcome from The Ferroalloys AssociationEdwardJ. Kinghorn,Jr.: TFAPresidentWelcome from QuebecQuebec Government Official
JUNE 4 8:30-10:00 PLENARY SESSIONOutlook from the Steel IndustryDuane R. Dunham: Chairman, President and CEO of Bethlehem SteelOutlook from the Silicones Industry .Gary Anderson: President and CEO of Dow CornmgManganese Outlook and Symposium Overview. .
J An . Ri . Minera Autlan - Chairman of the International Manganese Instituteose tOOlO vero.Chinese Ferroalloy Industry into the New Century . .Zhang Zengchan: Secretary General of the Chinese Ferroalloy Industry ASSOCIation
JUNE 4 10:30-12:30 SESSION 1: OPENING SESSIONOpen Issues from 15th International Conference on ManganeseMichael Aschner: Manganese Syrnposiwn Technical ChamnanThe Status of MMT at the US EPAJ. Michael Davis: US Environmental Protection ,!-~ency
Combustion Products of the MMT Fuel AdditIve .
J h W Roos Donald R. Lynam, Isaac L. Smith, and Gerard D. Pfetfer: EthylCo°s
ep .' d' John G Reyoolds' Lawrence Lvermore National Laboratoryrporatlon; an . .
An Overview of CUT's Manganese Research ProgramD.e. Dorrnan, K.A. Brenneman, M.P. Struve, RA. James, B.E. McManus, and BA Wong:Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology
JUNE 4 14:00-17:00 SESSION 2: MECHANISMS OF TOXICITYEffects of Manganese on Oxidative-Stress in CATH.a Cells .,Michael Aschner, Jeffrey W. Alien, and Cynthia G. Worley. Wake Forest UOlverslty School
of Medicine T f . .Influx Kinetics of Manganese, Manganese Citrate and Manganese rans errID IDto
~~ ~:grove, S.S. Rhineheimer, and RA. Yokel.: l!nivers~ty o! Kentucky Medical Center1ffects of Manganese on the Developing Rat Bram: Oxidatlve-Stress Related
Endpoints I f di' D'd CMichael Aschner and Sarah Weber: Wake Forest University Schoo 0 Me cme, aVI .Dorrnan: Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology; and Lawrence H. Lash: Wayne StateUniversity .The Uptake of Manganese in Brain Endothelial CulturesMichael Aschner, Jeffrey W. Alien, Gouri Shanker, and Lysene A. Mutkus: Wake ForestUniversity School of Medicine
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615. Using Two Tremord P kinson's Disease: a CompansonE sure an arManganese xpo . UQAM, MontrealCharacteristics B ter and Brenda MacGlbbon:. of Manganese Alloys. alGabriel L~be.rt, A.y~ :~ers' Exposure in the Prod~c~~ionalInstitute ofOccupauonCharactenzatIOn 0 ..~ tland and Dag G. E11ingsen. d
YngvarThomassen, Srn ;echcical University of Dffannsta ;Manganese at a SouthHealth and Hugo Ortner: tt- I Nervous System E ects 0- - fPoten a AAn I
nvestigatIOn 0 E . Naik I Iregren, ,- W rks h S sswem, " .Afri Sm
eltmg 0 Y g T Ramus u, _,can M Lou oun, .,
Myers, lE., Thompson, ary , _Useful Ranges for DifferentRees, D, London, L _ ental Manganese Exposure_Biomarkers for Envrronm . E
Exposure Scenarios M Lou Ramushu, S., Esswem, .Naik, I, Thompson, ary ,
Myers, lE., d Prion DIsease .
ManganeBse an . University of Cambndge I ment of Prion DiseasesDavld R rown. ese in the Deve op
Risk Assessme~\:li1:~;~ and Deslys j-P, CEA Occupational Exposure toLamourr F, B~~syfunction Following Long-termDopammerglc . d d CopenhagenManganese Thomsen C, Friberg L, Hiller0 an
Raffn E., Arlien-S0~or~ ~~ic Manganese compoun:~ Sarvadi: Keller & Heckman LLPA Novel TLV for. no ~aM Marrapese, and DaVl .
Karen R. Obensham, M THE NERVOUS SYSTEMMANGANESE AND
JUNE 6 8:30-12:30 SE~SI~N~: Environmental Exposure
Effects from I~~tti~~:~iry ~~Brescia I P chomotor Dysfunction in WorkersRobeno Lucc. Effect Level for Ear y sy
N o-observed Adve~:se Dioxide ., . de Louvain, Edg~d CeulemansExposed to Manga 1. Ortego: Universlte catholiqu~ McMaster UniverSity, and HowardHany Roels and Marra ell B neries, Dave K. Verma.
M rson' Durac a U . g theand Ross ye .. f New Haven -d r e for Manganese SlUl Cohen: Ur;tverslty 0 ational Exposure GUt e lU- atlon of an OccupDetermm .
Benchmark Method J Clewell: ICF Consulung tiality .Kenny S. Crump and Harve
Yn .anese that Considers Its Esseo~oradoState University
A Risk Assessment fo~aul~gand Me1vin E. Anderson6
<:=turbing the DelicateHarvey l Clewell: I~ nS tal Exposure to Manganese IS- EnvrronmenIs IncreaslUg .al Element?
BalanceMof ~:r:E~~:~~:ity du Quebec a MdO~~~g from Questions AboveDonna erg tlinin-g Research Nee seOu . d
A Respons Wak Forest University _ _ f Research Nee sMichae1 Aschnc;r: e Discussion and IndicatIOn 0Roundtable WIth Op~nChairs Host - All ParuClpate
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Measurements of the Oxidation State of Manganese Inside Brain, Heart, and LiverMito~hondriaUsing XANEs Spectroscopy
T.E. Gunter, L. Buntinas, R Eliseev, S.T. Hanunond, A. Alexandrov, and KK Gunter:University of Rochester; L.M. Miller: Brookhaven National Laboratory; and CE. Gavin:Brisrol-Meyers Squibb
Mechanisms ofManganese-Induced Rat Pheochromocytoma (PCI2) Cell Deathand Cell Differentiation
]erome A. Roth, Li Feng, ]ennifer Walowirz, Richard W. Browne, and Michael Garrick:State University ofNew York, Buffalo
Disordered Iron Metabolism Following Manganese Exposure: From Systemic IronHomeostasis to Cellular Iron RegulationW. Zheng: Columbia UniversityNeurotoxicity of Inhaled Manganese]. Zayed: University of Montreal
JUNE 5 8:30 - 10:30 SESSION 3: PHARMACOKINETICS & MISCELLANEOUSPAPERS
Influence ofDietary Manganese on the Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled ManganeseSulfate in Male CD Rats
Dorman
, D.C, Struve, MP., lames, RA., McManus, B.E., Marshal, M.W., and Wong
, B.A.:Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology
Particle Solubility and Delivery of Inhaled Manganese to the Rat Brain: ManganeseSulfate and Manganese Tetroxide Pharmakokinetics FollOWing Repeated "Open 14Day" Exposure
Struve, MP.,]ames, RA., Marshal, M.W., Parlcinson, C u., Wong, BA and Dorman
, D.C:Chemical Industry Institute of ToxicologyBrain Manganese Efflux through the Blood-Brain Barrier
RA. Yokel, S.S. Rhineheimer, and BL. Bukaveckas: University of Kentucky MedicalCenter
Direct Olfactory Transport of Inhaled Manganese to the Rat Brain: ToxicokineticInvestigations in a Unilateral Nasal OCclusion Model
Brenneman, KA., Wong, RA., Buccellato, MA., Costa, E.R., Gross, E.A. and Dorman
,D.C: Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology
Where Does the Manganese Come From? Metal Quantities and ASSOciations inMOdem Alluvium of the Mississippi River Delta
Meilke, Howard, Gonzales, CR, PoweII, E., Sturghill, A.L., and Shah, A.: Xavier Universityof Louisiana
Manganese Treatment Induces Dose-Related Decreases in the Activities of SeveralGlycolytic and TCA Cycle Enzymes in Neuroblastoma and Astrocytoma CellsG.V. Malthankar, RK White, D.S. Hanson, CL. Hanson, A. Bhushan, CK Daniels, K.].Rodnick, and ].CK Lai: Idaho State University
Uptake of Manganese Dioxide to the Rat Brain: Role of Particle Size in a NoseOnly Inhalation Exposure
Fechter, L.D.,]ohnson, D.L., and Lynch, R University of Oklahoma Health SciencesCenter
JUNE 5 11:00-16:30 SESSION 4&5: HUMAN HEALTH &EPIDEMIOLOGY PART I & 11
Exposure, Neurobehavioural Performance and Hormone Status of WorkersExposed to Manganese in the Production ofManganese Alloys
Dag G. Ellingsen
, Rita Bast-Pettersen, Sin Het/and, and Yngvar Thomassen: NationalInstitute of OCcupational Health
