Contents:    

 Page  4:  Letter  to  the  Editor  Page  5:  Editorial  on  Harlem  Renaissance  Page  6:  News  Article  on  Scopes  Trial  Page  7:  News  Article  on  Labor  Unions  Page  8-­‐9:  Interview  with  Charles  Lindbergh  Page  12:  Editorial  on  Prohibition  Page  13:  Feature  Story  on  Sports    Page  14:  Editorial  on  Women’s  Rights  Page  16:  Political  Cartoons  Page  17:  News  Article  on  Sacco-­‐Vanzetti  Trial          

Letter  to  the  Editor:      Bob  Smith  435  Cotton  Tree  Lane  Chester,  Pennsylvania    Hello.   My   name   is   Bob   and   I   live   in  Chester,   Pennsylvania.   This   whole  decade   has   been   full   of   hate   towards  those  of  color  and  I  do  not  appreciate  it!  Even  this  magazine  has  been  full  of  racial  hate  and  I   find   it  very  offensive  and  wish   that   it  would   stop.  Why  are  we  as  a  nation  still  bringing  hate  upon  others   that   we   as   a   nation   set   free  many  years  ago?    For   example,   in   an   article   posted  around  May  30  in  1921,  you  criticized  how  police  did  not  do  enough  to  help  drive   out   the   “Negros”   of   a   southern  Georgia   community.   And   throughout  the   years   even   up   as   recently   as   an  August   edition   of   this  magazine   from  this  very  year,  you  have  done  nothing,  but  to  help  entice  and  fuel   the  spread  of   hate   against   those   of   color   in   this  nation!                                    

 I   only   ask   that   you   don’t   think   about  the   person   who   will   purchase   this  magazine,   but   the   lives   and   futures  you   are   changing   and   have   changed  with   the   constant   hate.   I   for   one  will  have   no   more   of   this   in   this   new  decade.   For   I   believe   in   an   nation  where  all  are  treated  equal  and  if  you  do  not  believe  this  as  well,  believe  me  I   will   bring   the   hate   to   you   and   this  company.    -­‐Bob  Smith  

Creative  Expression  in  Harlem  By  Christina  Mylar    In  driving  down  the  streets  of  Harlem,  or   turning   on   your   radio   for   your  favorite  show,  you  often  hear   the  soft  voice,  or  many  voices,   floating  to  you,  soothing   your   soul   and   giving   your  heart   a   lift.   In   recent   times,   it   seems  the   once   downtrodden   streets   of  Harlem,   New   York   have   been  transformed   in   the   form   of   the   arts.  Poets,   writers,   composers,   and  musicians   have   made   their   way   to  center  stage  not  only  in  local  cafes,  but  across   the   country.   Some   of   the  biggest   faces   at   the   front   of   this  movement   include   Duke   Ellington,   a  composer   and   musician,   and   Zora  Neale   Hurston,   a   writer.   Artists   such  as   these   have   inspired   the   large  population   of   Negros   in   the   area  together   in   expressive   ambitions.  Pride   in   African   American   Heritage  can   be   seen   in   most   new   works,  whether   it   be   poems,   songs,   or   short  stories.   I   am   pleasantly   surprised   to  see   the   white   American   public  supporting   this  movement,  as   it  gains  stronger   and   stronger   momentum.   I  congratulate  the  artists  of  Harlem,  and  wish   them   all   best   of   luck   in   their  expressive  endeavors!    Negro artists Palmer Anderson’s take on the new musical type of Jazz that was introduced by Negros

 

The  Year  Man  was  against  God  By:  John  Blizzard        

This   decade   brought   upon  many   opinions   and   theories  supporting  the  belief  of  Evolution  that  was   first   brought   about   with   the  publication   of   Charles   Darwin’s   1859  book,   “On   the   Origin   of   Species”.     It  was   in   1925   that   the   Scopes   Trail  captivated   the   nation   on   this   very  issue.   It   has   been   found   that   a   high  school  science  teacher  by  the  name  of  John   Scopes,   had   been   teaching  evolution   in   the   state   of   Tennessee,  which   had   only   been   recently   been  outlawed  by  the  state.       Scopes   was   put   on   trial   in   the  town   of   Dayton,   Tennessee,   with  attorney  Clarence  Darrow,  at  his  side.  On   the   other   side   it   was   former  Secretary   of   State   and   three-­‐time  Democratic   presidential   candidate,  William   Jennings   Bryan.   Scopes   had  been   brought   to   court   with   the  unlawful   teaching   of   Evolution   even  though  the  Butler  Act  clear  stated  that  such   theories   could   not   be   taught   in  school.       The   Trail   lasted   between   May  5,  1925  and  July  21,  1925  with  a  bitter  fight   between   the   science   side   of   the  argument   with   Darrow   and   the  religious   side   of   the   argument   with  Bryan.   Often   referred   to   as   the  Monkey  Trail,  as  being  seen  as  science  against   religion,   Darrow   questioned  Bryan  about  the  “miracles  in  the  bible”  and   caught   Bryan   in   contradictions.    While   many   agreed   with   Bryan’s  priority  of   faith  over  facts,   they  found  his   sputtering   in   the   trail   rather  disappointing.  While  the  court  did  find    

 John   Scopes   guilty   of   the   charge,   the  winner   of   the   trial   was   very   much  indeed  Clarence  Darrow.    

 

   

Above:  Clarence  Darrow  (left)  and  William  Jennings  Bryan  (right)  at  the  height  of  the  Scopes  Trial  in  June  1925.

 Taken’  on  the  Man  By:  Danica  Calvert    

               

     

What   do   4   million   people,   over   paid  businessmen,  and  under  paid  workers  equal?   Strikes…lots   of   them.  Over   the  past   decade   there’s   been   over   3,600  strikes   protesting   wage   cuts   and  overtime  work  with  no  pay.    These   labor   union   strikes   often  resulted   in   huge   opposing   pressures  from   the   companies.   Law  officials   are  left  with  no  choice  but  to  get  involved  at   times,   leaving   the   strike   a   messy  and   violent   place   to   be.   The   labor  unions  began  to  see  that  these  strikes  only   got   them   so   far.   All   though   they  did   make   positive   changes   they   also  brought  about  negative  results.    Labor   unions   have   made   big  statements  in  the  past  years.  Changing  work   laws,  helping  pave   the  way   to  a  much  more   just  way   of   business.   But  being   part   of   a   labor   union   only  brought   financial   insecurity   and   later  made  offal’s  question  union  members  views.   Over   the   decade   labor   union  numbers   dramatically   decreased,  workers   saw   the   effects   and   chose  low-­‐income  jobs  over  the  realities  of  a  union.    

It’s   true   that   labor   union   numbers  dwindled   over   the   decade,   but   it  was  certainly  not  before  placing  a  spotlight  over   the   flaws   of   the   work   field.   The  true   issue   behind   strikes   in   the   first  place,   lack   of   proper   treatment   form  employers’.   Employs   working   long  over   time  hours  with  no  extra  pay  or  recognition  of  any  kind,    payment   that   was   pitiful   even   to   the  lowest  standards.    Speaking  to  some  of  the  men  involved  in   a   Labor   union   and   a   few   strikes  brought   much   light   to   the   true  emotions  behind  the  picket  sign.  “I   feel   devalued   and   un-­‐appreciated  when   the   big   cheese   refuses   my  requests   for   overtime   pay.   I   build   up  the   gumption   to   mossy   up   to   his   big  office,   where   he   sits   all   day   with   his  dogs   on   the   desk   and   a   ciggy   in   each  hand.   I   can’t   even   finish  my   sentence  before   that   greedy   old   jack  man   tells  me  to  shut  my  kisser  and  dry  up.”  Said  a  man  who  has  been  part  of  4  strikes  2  of   which   ended   with   law   officials,   all  from  the  treatment  of  his  boss.    Union   members,   complaints,   fights,  and   arguments   stir   up   the   strikes.   As  passion   for   change   grows   within   the  group  the  animosity  of  the  companies  grow   all   the   same.   The   refusal   to  work,   the   public   humiliation   of   the  company   owners,   and   the   halt   in  production   are   all   just   part   of   the  aftermath  of  a  strike.    The   labor  unions  make  up  a  rich  part  of   the   decade   but   if   I   could   have  predicted   this   in   1918,   I   would   have  advised  better  pay  from  the  start.  

Article  on  union  strike  

Above  the  Clouds    Interview  By:  John  Blizzard      The   following   interview   was  conducted  on  April  13,  1928.  With  the  final  questions  being  asked  at  the  end  of   this   year   to   coincide   with   the  closing  of  the  decade.    John:  The  1920’s  have  been  seen  as  a  decade   of   prosperity   and   new  beginnings.   No   one   would   have  thought   of   airplanes   as   means   of  travel,   but   yet,   you,   one   single   man,  have   changed   the   entire   vision  of   not  only   the   nation,   but   also   the   world.  How   does   it   feel   knowing   that   you  alone   have   changed   the   minds   and  opened  the  eyes  of  millions?      Charles:  Well,  I  don’t  like  to  think  that  I   alone   changed   the   way   the   world  views   air   travel,   but   more   I   was   the  final   stepping   stone   in   the   process   of  getting  there.    John:  I’m  curious.  What  initially  began  your  drive  to  fly?    Charles:   Well,   I   had   always   been  amazed  by  mechanics   in  general  even  as  a  small  child.  Once  I  was  in  college  I  focused   on   mechanical   engineering  and   became   quite   amazed   by  airplanes.   I   actually   quit   college   and  enrolled   at   the   Nebraska   Aircraft  Corporation’s  flying  school.      John:  After  the  flying  school,  when  did  you  first  fly  and  what  was  the  feeling      of  viewing  the  Earth  as  few  have  done  before?  

   Charles:   Well   it   was   actually   a   year  after   I   finished   flight   school.   I   believe  it  was  May  1923  in  Georgia  and  it  was  like  anything  I  have  ever  experienced.  Sure,   I   had   been   in   planes,   but   never  had  I  flown  a  plane  alone.    John:   The   world   is   still   wondering  what  exactly  the  flight  was  like  across  the  Atlantic  and  how  you  felt  knowing  that   six   others   had   already   died   in  attempts  to  cross  the  ocean.    Charles:   I’ll   tell   you   one   thing;   it  was  single   handedly   the   scariest,   but   yet  most   thrilling   event   in   my   life.   I   had  heard   that   a   few  men   had   died,   but   I  simple  shook  it  off  and  continued  with  my  eye  on  the  prize.    The  flight  its  self  was   very   long   and   treacherous.    Thirty-­‐three  hours   in   the  air  all  alone  and   not   only   that,   but   I   was   fighting  icing,   fog,   and   storms.   I   also   had   no  idea  how  close  I  was  to  never  actually  taking   off.   I   heard   after   I   landed   in  Paris,  that  I  only  missed  the  telephone  phones   by   nearly   20   feet.   That   was  quite  the  astonishment  for  me.      John:  Now,  that  it  has  been  a  little  over  11  months  and  gaining  closer  to  a  year  after   the   famed   flight   across   the  Atlantic,   how   do   you   feel   that   the  world   has   changed   for   you?   Do   you  feel   in   the   coming   decade   air   travel  will  replace  other  modes  of  travel?    Charles:   It’s   been   one   heck   of   a   year,  for   me   the   world   has   changed  significantly.   I   am   known   worldwide  

and   seen   as   hero   for  millions   around  the  world.  I  don’t  know  really  what  to  think  of  it  because  it  is  all  still  sinking  in.   I   do   believe   though   that   air   travel  will   become   more   common   in   the  coming   decade,   do   I   believe   it   will  replace   all   modes   of   travel?   No.  However,  I  do  believe  that  in  time,  air  travel   will   advance   to   things   that   we  ourselves  can  never  imagine.      

 Charles  Lindbergh  and  his  plane,  “Spirit  of  St.  Louis”,  10  days  after  the  solo  Atlantic  crossing.  

Editorial: The Prohibition Movement BY: ALEXANDER KIM The negative effects of alcohol are becoming more and more evident in the citizens of America. This is more apparent in men, as it has harmful effects on their family, their jobs, and their well-being. Not just women, but societies pushing as new Temperance movements blamed alcohol and alcohol consumptions for many of the wrongdoings during the time: Crime, rape, and murder were abundant, wherever alcohol was present. Saloons, a social haven for men after a long day at work, were copious in the West. The new Temperance movement saw these saloons as places of evil, and debauchery.

Women protesting against alcohol abuse.

Finally, the people had enough; they stood up, and the protests against alcohol began. Enough support had gathered and the collective forces of all the women and supporters finally pushed for the result they toiled so actively for: The Eighteenth Amendment. Ratified on January 16th 1919 and taken into e7ffect on January 16th 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment banned the production, distribution, and the transportation of alcoholic beverages, which ushered in the age of Prohibition. Despite the efforts of all the women and men, the eighteenth amendment was not in fact, flawless. Loopholes were found. The eighteenth amendment did prohibit the sales, production, and movement of alcohol; but it did not say anything about the consumption or purchase of alcohol. And so, through these loopholes, several illegal methods to obtain alcohol were discovered.

Moonshine, the self-made alcoholic product is made through the process of distillation in the comfort of one’s own home. Medically prescribed alcohol, prescribed by doctors and made legal by the Volstead Act, is taken advantage of by abusers. Speakeasies are illegal, underground locations hidden away from the eyes of law enforcement, free to produce and distribute liquor; and finally, Smuggling (bootlegging), bringing in alcohol illegally from neighboring countries. Bootlegging is the most prominent form of illegal alcoholic activity. A new era of gangsters was ushered in, dangerous crime lords who would stop at nothing to get what the people wanted; but for the right price of course. Powerful gang lords have immense networks of bootleggers and rumrunners at the tip of their fingers. The infamous Al Capone is just one example of a powerful gangster. And with the arrival of these gangs, the crime rate of cities across American is sharply increasing. Now the question comes to mind: Was the banishment of one evil, worth the

even grander evil born out of its expulsion?

…At  the  Old  Ball  Game  By:  Danica  Calvert    “It’s  a  growing  epidemic,  sports  will  be  the   next   big   thing   to   take   over   the  world.   We   all   know   it’s   already   got  America’s  heart   strings   all   tangled  up  and  they  just  can’t  get  enough.”  A  very  bold   sports   broadcaster   made   this  statement   from   New   York,   and  America   can’t   help   but   agree.   With  sports   on   the   rise   its   clear   America  will  soon  look  very  different.  

The   1920’s   have   been   very  good   to   the   sports  world.  As   baseball  begins  to  hold  the  attention  of  women,  children,   and  men  all   across  America,  the  once  recreationally  played  game  is  no   longer   only   for   the   young   hearted  folks.   The   past   decade   has   caused   a  huge   boom   in   the   sports   world,   new  higher   incomes   have   allowed   for  people   to   splurge   on   entertainment  that   was   not   an   option   before.   With  the   support   of   large-­‐scale   companies  and  fans  filling  the  stands,   it’s   time  to  play   ball.   Segregated   leagues   have  brought   white   and   Negro   athletes   to  center   stage   for   all   to   recognize   their  talent.    With  Americans  having  to  work  fewer  hours,  it  gave  them  more  time  to  enjoy  the   competitive   entertainment   of  flawless  golf  games  from  Bobby  Jones  and   tennis   matches   from   Big   Bill.  Sports   players   have   become   know   all  through  out,  put  on  pedestals  as  tall  as  America  heroes.  The   love  of  the  game  made   players   reach   top   celebrity  status.    

“As  soon  as  I  got  out  there  I  felt  a   strange   relationship   with   the  pitcher's  mound.   It  was   as   if   I'd   been  born   out   there.   Pitching   just   felt   like  the   most   natural   thing   in   the   world.  

Striking  out  batters  was  easy.”  A  quote  forms  Babe  Ruth  himself,  a   top  status  baseball  player  in  the  league.  

But   baseball   isn’t   the   only  growing   sport;   football   has   become   a  loved  pastime   for  people.  The   famous  Harold   “Red”   Grange   has   become   the  face   of   football   over   the   last   decade.  He  was   also   featured   on   the   cover   of  our  close  friends  Time  magazine.  

Along   side   baseball,   boxing  made   its   return   this   decade   and   has  become  a  much  more  respected  sport.  The   fight   between   Jack   Dempsey   and  Gene   Tunney   in   Philadelphia   in   1926  and   their   rematch   in   1927   cough   the  attention   of   people   across   the   nation.  Women   made   another   big   splash   in  history   when   Olympic   gold   medalist  Gertrude   Ederle   became   the   first  women   to   swim   across   the   English  Channel   in   1926   breaking   the  previous   record   time.   By   the   end   of  the   decade  William   Tilden   and   Helen  Wills   had   perfected   the   game   of  Tennis.    The   1920’s   decade   has   brought   all  new   light   to  people’s   views  on   sports  and   their   importance.   The   big   names  of   sports   will   remain   famous   for  decades   to   come.   It’s   clear   that  Americans   will   be   playing   ball   for  years  to  come.  

Babe  Ruth  posing      

It’s  a  Babe  Thing  By:  Danica  Calvert      Being  a  woman  of  class  and  education  myself  has  made  watching  the  transition  of  women  over  the  past  decade  particularly  interesting.  I  was  raised  in  a  very  conservative  home  and  would  now  consider  myself  quite  the  liberal.  However,  make  no  mistake;  my  liberal  mind  does  not  impair  my  ability  to  see  right  from  wrong  in  any  way.    Let  me  level  with  you.  Women  recently  have  acquired  great  heights  in  history.  When  the  19th  amendment  was  passed  in  1920,  it  marked  a  day  that  would  not  only  stand  out  as  a  day  of  remarkable  change  in  the  20’s,  but  in  all  of  history.  All  of  the  protests,  letters,  and  rallies,  finally  paid  off  when  the  19th  amendment  was  passed  allowing  women  to  vote.  Many  of  those  same  twists  that  protested  and  fought  so  hard  to  earn  the  right  to  vote  aren’t  using  it.    The  right  to  vote  has  already  had  drastic  impacts  in  the  short  span  of  a  decade.  I  do  believe  this  new  freedom  is  going  well  in  the  big  picture  of  it  all,  but  it  was  just  a  stepping-­‐stone  in  the  progressive  moment  for  women  to  gain  their  rights.  The  all  around  perception  of  the  modern  frail  has  changed.  Now  a  women  can  own  her  own  car,  work,  or  dare  to  express  herself.  I  do  not  believe  that  a  woman  should  be  seen,  not  heard,  but  the  barbaric  ways  of  the  young  flappers  is  practically  insulting.      

         

 Above:  A  pair  of  young  hoofers    It’s  clear  that  the  average  jane  has  become  a  little  more  than  average.      With  all  of  these  new  joints,  and  speakeasy’s  popping  up,  even  the  most  refined  young  ladies  morph  into  wind  blown  hoofers.  With  1  or  2  hair  of  the  dog  in  their  system  they  let  loose,  a  little  to  loose.  A  sister  has  become  more  interested  in  protesting  for  things  like  birth  control,  then  becoming  educated.  The  new  styles  portray  everyone  as  a  sheba,  and  draw  attention  to  nothing,  but  a  young  tomatoes’  gams.  I  refuse  to  let  all  the  dumb  doras  degrade  that  reputation  of  the  few  respectable  ladies  left  in  out  society.    

 

Top  Political  Cartoons  of  the  Decade:    

 Created  by  Danica  Calvert.  “Teapot  Dome  Scandal”    

 Created  by  Alexander  Kim.  “The  Red  Scare”  

SACCO & VANZETTI EXECUTED BY: ALEXANDER KIM

The infamous criminal duo consisting of Ferdinando Nicola Sacco, and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, were executed yesterday, August 23rd, 1927. They were lead to their demise by electric chair, refusing last prayers, and thanking the guards for their prosperity and kindness. The duo were prosecuted and incarcerated in 1921, after being tried for a string of criminal activity. Vanzetti was prosecuted for robbery and murder in Bridgewater, and Sacco was tried for a separate hold up in Braintree. Vanzetti’s trial was in August, and he maintained his innocence. Vanzetti’s trial became controversial as he pleaded innocent, but his pleas failed due to incompetent lawyers. After his conviction, he was then tried for the hold up in South Braintree. The Sacco-Vanzetti trials were very contentious, and both sides made many fallacies. Sacco was proved to be armed and dangerous, and both Sacco and Vanzetti lied about their political views (Both being anarchists). Vanzetti provided a solid alibi, while backed up by several citizens of the town. There were several discrepancies of the getaway scene, and their positions and locations. Questions like, “Why would men with access to a car be regulars on the bus and need access to a borrowed car to remove evidence?” Some say Venzetti’s alibi was solid enough to deem him innocent; the same

could not be said of Sacco and alas, both men were convicted, and executed.  

 Bartolomeo Vanzetti pictured left, and Nicola Sacco pictured right.