196312 Desert Magazine 1963 December

8/14/2019 196312 Desert Magazine 1963 December

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MAGAZINE of the SOUTHWEST

50c

E R L ES T A N L E Y

N E L LT H E

B I G H O R N

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Ready fo r del ivery before Christmas--anew book on t he American desert that offersadventure in inf in i te a nd exci t ing variety . . .

THEDESERTISYOURSb y E R L E S T A N L E Y G A R D N E RA u t h o r of The H i d d e n H e a r t of B a j a , etc.

W I L L I A M M O R R O W A N D C O M P A N Y , INC.4 2 5 P a r k A v e n u e S o u t h , N e w Y o r k ,

N e w Y o r k 1 0 0 1 6

Th i s book cen t e r s on t he wes t e r n dese r t o f t he Un i t edS ta t e s it s c r u e l t y a n d b e n e f ic e n c e , it s f a u n a a n d f l or a .Us i ng eve r y m eans o f t r ans por ta t i on f r om he l i copt e r t o af o rm o f m o t o rc y c l e w i t h e no rm o u s b a l l oo n t i re s , Mr .G ard n e r a n d h i s f e l l o w a d v e n t u r e rs m a k e f req u e n t e x p e -d i t i ons i n t o the d ese r t t o exp l o r e fo r l os t m i nes , sucha s th e l e g e n d a r y Los t A r c h , Lo st D u t c hm a n a n d L os tDu t ch Oven m i nes ; t o jo i n up w i t h pa r ti e s o f rock hu n t e r s i nsea r ch o f sem ip r ec i ous s t ones wh i ch a r e l a t e r made i n t ohan dsom e a r ti c l e s fo r use o r fo r de cor a t i on ; or t o accompan ym e m be rs o f a f ou r - w h e e l - d r iv e c l u b w ho s e e n t h u s i a s t s e n t e ra s m an y a s 32 2 s p e c i a l ly r i g g e d c a rs f o r a fo r a y i n t o u n -t r am m e l e d c o u n t r y o f s h i f t i n g s a n d s a n d h i g h , n a r r o w r i d g e s ;o r sea r ch fo r r e l i c s o f a bygone age a round t he s i t e s o fo l d fo rt s i n u s e d u r i n g t h e w a g o n - t ra i n d a y s .

T h e d e s e r t is i n d e e d f u l l o f w o nd e r f u l p o s s i b i li t ie s ,and as Mr . Gar dner po in t s ou t , i t is av a i l ab l e , i t fu r n i sh ese x c i t em en t , h e a l t h a n d r e c re a t i o n a n d t h e d e s e r tis you rs. $7.50

Order now f rom your bookse l l e r . . . o r f r om t he pub l is he r


3/44

U S E T N I S H A N D Y O X D C R F O R M -17th A N N U M % Q U f t V u PWESTERN CHRISTMAS CARDSI N F U L L C O L O R

r r y Chr i i t mai and Best Wishes for aHappy Holiday SeasonQrMt ing i f rom ouroutfit to y o u n W i t hBest Wishes for Christmas and all the NewYearQ u a r t T r i i l i - M a y th e warmt h an d f r iend-liness of the Christmas Season be with youthrough the Coming Year

The Cowman' i Fai thGreet ing is a warmI an d f r iendly western verse.

. . from the two ofu i ! - Wi t h Best Wishet Christmas an d through all the New Year Wai-tin' out Iho St orm-Best Wishes for aMerry Christmas an d a Happy New YearWhan wintor choroi are doneMay theSpir i t of Christmas Abide With You Through-out the Coming YearFr iendihip atChr i i t m ai -A f r iend l y wi shlor a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Yeai

A friendly Chrlttnat greeting...

A f r iendly Chri i tm ai Qrtot ing With BestWishes for theSeason an d aProsperousNew YearDese r t Cande l abra- Ma y Ihe Spir i t ofChristmas bewith you and Happiness beyours throughout the Coining Year

The Lord ' s Cand l t i Ma y thewonderfulSpir i t ofChristmas be with you through allthe YearGir l an d Fr iond iMer ry Chr i st mas an d aHappy New Year

Cowboy Sant iGreet ing is a humorousverse describing this color photo of anoriginal wood carving."They preiontad unto H i m g i f t s - " - M a ythe Peace an d Happiness of Christmas abidewith yo u through allth e Coming Year

Think in ' of yo u atC h r i i t m a i - W i t h B e siWishes for aHappy Holiday Season Cathedral of theWest Mr, the Spir i t olChristmas Abide Wtih Yo u Throughout theComing Year

Winter Choroi -Appropriate western versent of card. Merry Christmas andew YearF ro i ted St t a m- Mer ry Chr ist mas and aHappy New Year C h r i i t m a i D a w n - T o w i s h yo u aBlessedChristmas an d a New Year of Happiness

G r e e t i n g s , N e i g h b o r !Q r i i l i n g i , N i i g hbor ! -Wi t h Best Wishes atChustmas an d aHappy New Year from Ou fOutfit to Yours!

All new and different for1963. Beautiful full-color reproductions oforiginal paintings by topwestern artistsfeaturing Lorenz and including Kleiber, Fogg, Hilton, Eggenhofer, Harinan,etc. Finest quality, heavy-grade paper single folds to 4%" x 6%" with matching white envelopes.We always include a few extra envelopes with each order. Cards can be ordered with or withoutyour name custom printed inred tomatch greetings. These exclusive cards available bymailonly. Your order carefully fi lled and shipped within 24 hours right up 'tilChristmas.

T O O R D E R : Write quantity ofeach card you want inbox below illustration.Cards may be assorted atno extra cost. Order all ofone kind oras many ofeach as desired.Circle total quantity and cost on price list. You may order by letter orfill out coupon and mailthis entire page with cash, check, ormoney orderto:

TOTAL QUANTITYWITHOUT NAMEWITH NAME

15$2.75$3.75

253.654.65

Canada residents remit in U.Names obe printedon cards

507.258.75

7510.8512.85

S. dollar values.

10013.4515.45

15019.7522.45

20025.9529.45

30038.2543.45

50062.4569.95

. Colorado residents add 2% sales tax

T h e L A Z y R L R A N C H Box1500Boulder, Colo. SEND CARDS TO :_Rte., St., orBox No._City _Zone State_FULL COLOR MONEY BACK GUARANTEE WE PAY POSTAGE


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CONTENTSV o lum e 2 6 N um b e r 12

DEC EMB ER 1963This Month's Cover

By RALPH CORNELL. Ocot i l l o i n b loom .6 New Ideas for Desert Living

By D A N LEE8 Desert Cookery

By LUCILLE I. CARLESON9 Is There a Huaco in Your House?

10 Tuff, Si! Tufa. NolBy VERN MILLER

12 Bona nza in the Bradshaw sBy NELL MURBARGER

15 Hot Rods a nd Branding IronsBy ED ELLINGER

16 The Vanishing BighornBy CLOYD SORENSEN

18 New Scheme for Lost Arch MineBy ERLE STANLEY GARDNER22 How Early W as Early Man?By DOROTHY ROBERTSON

24 Hi-Desert ShrineBy ED BARNUM

26 Desert's Trip of the MonthROYCE ROLLINS

28 Saga of the CuckooBy CATHERINE BLANTON

29 The Horsethief MuseumBy JOE E. WHERRY

30 Drip Dry Delic acyBy ELIZABETH RIGBY

32 Treasure HuntingBy LEE OERTLE

35 Desert Holiday IdeasBy LOUISE PRICE BELL

36 New Books for Desert Readers37 Camera

Edi ted by FRANK JENSEN39 Survival in the Desert42 Letters from our Readers

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CANYON ROADS ARE GATEWAYS TO UTAH'S FALL GRANDEUR WHERE THE QUAKING ASPENAND OTHER DECIDUOUS TREES FORM EXCITING COLORS AGAINST THE GREEN BACKGROUNDOF PINES. WELL MAY WE HARKEN TO THE POET'S ADVICE TO "GO FORTH, UNDER THE OPENSKY, AND LIST TO NATURE'S TEACHINGS."TH E SO UTH WEST IN DECEMBER . by JACK PEPPERCHEERS FOR CHIA. Harrison Doyle has been besieged with let tersand telephone cal ls as the result of his art icle on Chia, the ancientIndian energy food, in the October issue of DESERT. Although hehas answered al l let ters, i t was impossible to go into detai l for eachone so in "Letters From Our Readers" in this issue Mr. Doyle givesa de ta i led answer to the most common ques t ions .GHOST TOWN GHOUL. Before you buy an old ghost town check it forghoulish gimmicks, is the advice of Miss Ettie Lee, 77-year-old aunt ofSecr etary of the Interior Stewart U dall . Acc ordin g to cm A ssoc iatedPress dispatch, she has sued a real estate broker for $460,000 damages,c la iming a deser t ghost town she bought had hidden defec ts and wasover-v alued. She claims the town of Death V alley Junction, whichshe bought three years ago, needs a new sewer sys tem and does nothave enough water , among other things . No ment ion was made ofthe presence or non-presence of ghosts .NEW UTAH RESORT. A ne w mult i-mill ion dollar winter an d sum me rresort near Salt Lake City wil l official ly open by the middle of Decem-

DEMRT li publlihad monthly by D m rt Maoazlna, Palm Da iart, Calif. Sacond Clan Poataga paid at Palm Daaart, Calif., and at additional millingofflcai undar Act of March 3, 1879. Tltla rag iitarad No. 358865 In U. S. Patant Offica, and contann copyrlghtad 1963 by Daiert Mag azlna. Un-ollcltad manuscripts and photograph! cannot ba raturnad or acknowladgad union full raturn poitaga li anclotad. Parmltiion to raproduca content!mu it ba ucura d from tha adltor In writing. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $4.50 par year (12 luua i) In tha U. S.; $5 tlwwhar a. Allow flva w aak i for chanoaof addra u, and ba lura to .and tha old .. wa ll .. itTo subscribe, or to give a DESERT gift subscription, use the coupon on page 5

NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES:Arden E. Roney & Ass oc ia t es580 South San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles 48, California. Phone: 651-3930NEW YORK-41 E. 42nd St. 986 0625 C H I C A G O - 3 5 E. Wacker Dr. 782 7790SAN FRANCISCO 149 C al i forn ia St. 981 0848 BOSTON 751 Main St. 889 3475DETROIT 424 Book Bld g. 961 5240 MIAMI 208 A lm er i a A v e . 444 8326J A CK P EP P ER, publisher CH O RA L P EP P ER, editor

A L M E R R Y M A N , artistAdd ress Correspondence To:Desert Magazine, Palm D esert Calif. 92260 Phone: FI 6-8144


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C h r i s tm a s Q i f tS v e r y

One Year Subscr ip t ion$4.501964 Binder

Gold Embossed on SpanishGrain Imitation LeatherHolds 12 Magazines$3.50Both make a perfectChristmas Gift

Use Envelope In This IssueFor Ordering

Statement of ownership, management an dcirculation (Act of October 23, 19R2: Section4369, Title 39, United States Code).1. Date of filing: October 1, 1693.2 . Title of publication: DESERT, The Maga-zine of the Southwest.3 . Frequency of issue: Monthly.4 . Location of known office of publication:Palm Desert, Calif. 022G0.5 . Location of the headquarters or generalbusiness offices of the publishers: Palm Desert,California. 92260.6. Names a nd ad dresses of publishe r an deditor: Publisher: Jack Pepper, 4"i-805 CielitoDrive, Palm Desert, Calif.Editor: Choral Pepper, 45-805 Cielito Drive,Palm Desert, Calif.7 . Owner (If owned by a corporation, itsname and address must be stated and also im-mediately thereunder the names and addressesof stockholders owning or holding 1 percent ormore of total amount of stock. If not ownedby a corporation, the names and addressesof the individual owners must be given. Ifowned by a partnership or other unincorporatedfirm, its name and address, as well as that ofeach individual must be given.)Jack Pepper, 45-805 Cielito Drive, Palm Des-ert, Calif. 92260.8. Known bondho lders, mortgages, and othersecurity holders owning or holding 1 percentor more of total amount of bonds, mortgagesor other securities (If there are none, so state):None.9. Paragrap hs 7 and 8 include, in cases wherethe stockholder or security holder appears uponthe books of the company as trustee or in anyother fiduciary relation, the name of the per-son or corporation for whom such trustee isacting, also the statements in the two para-

graphs show the affiant's full knowledge andbelief as to the circumstances and conditionsunder which stockholders and security holderswho do not appear upon the books of thecompany as trustees, hold stock and securitiesin a capacity other than that of a bona fideowner. Names and addresses of individuals whoare stockholders of a corporation which itselfis a stockholder or holder of bonds, mortgagesor other securities of the publishing corpora-tion have been included in paragraphs 7 and8 when the interests of such individuals areequiv alent to 1 perce nt or more of the totalamount of the stock or securities of the pub-lishing corporation.10 . The average number of copies of eachissue of this publication sold or distributed,through the mails or otherwise, to paid sub-scribers during the 12 months p receding thedate shown above was: (This information isrequired for all publications except those whichdo not carry advertising other than the pub-lisher's own and which are named in sections132.231, 132.232, and 132.233, Postal M an u al -Sections 4355a, 4355b, and 4356 of Title 39,United States Code). 39,000.I certify that the statements made by meabove are correct and complete. (Signature ofeditor, publisher, business manager, or owner).Jack Pepper, Publisher

r

ber. Breathing new life into the picturesque mining community ofPark City, Utah construction of the first phase of the Park City Resortis already $2,000,000. Preliminary facilities include 21/2-mile long aerialtramway, longest in the western hemisphere, a 9-hole golf course whicheven tually will be 18 holes an d complete ski facilities, am ong otherattractions. It will be know n as the Treasure Moun tain R esort A rea.WE'RE OLDER THAN WE THOUGHT. Prehistoric man "might quitepossibly" have reached the New World as early as 35,000 or 40,000years ago, according to a recent statement by Dr. Henry B. Collins ofthe Sm ithsonian Institution's Bureau of Am erican Ethnology. Previou sestim ates w ere for a m ere 20,000 to 30,000 ye ar s a go . For other inter-esting facts and comments on early man, see "How Early Was EarlyMan" in this issue of DESERT.CRAZY OVER CENTENNIAL. Preparations for Nevada's 1964 Centen-nial are in full swing, according to Clyde Anderson, executive secre-tary. The Silver State will be "100 yea rs y oun g" next yea r with all ofthe seventeen coun ties plann ing activities the yea r 'round. A Neva daCentennial Magazine, bronze medallions, a special decanter anddozens of other unique souvenirs are being made for the celebration.Information can be obtained by writing to the Nevada State CentennialCommission, State Building, Reno, Nevada.HOT LAKE. An underground lake of boiling brine has been accidentallytapped near the Salton Sea in Imperial Valley, California by a com-pany drilling a well 5,232 feet to tap underground steam to generateelectricity. They found not only steam, but also a strange brine depositthat wa s too hot to han dle with ava ilab le instruments. Reports statethe brine contains sodium, potassium, calcium and other minerals. Itis hoped the discovery will shed light on how ore deposits were formedmillions of years ago.DECEMBER CALENDAR. 1--Imperial Valley Kennel Club Dog Show,Holtville, Calif. Annual North Park Toyland Parade, San Diego. Ari-ozna Yacht Club Races, Canyon Lake near Phoenix, Ariz. 7Santa'sWater Lane Parade, Bullhead City, Ariz. 8Miracle of Roses Parade,Scottsdale, Ariz. 8-9Water Ski Meet, Parker, Ariz. 15Las PosadasParade and Festival, Mission San Luis Rey, San Diego. Handel's"Messiah," Cedar City, Utah. 28-89National Horse Show, Brawley,Calif. 29Gymkhana, Rancho de los Caballeros, Wickenburg, Ariz.December through FebruaryMoby Dick parade of whales, PointLoma, Calif. For other Christmas Parades, check with Chambers ofCommerce.

DESERT Subscription Serviceg (Enter a Subscription QJj [Address Change Only

To Cha nge Your AddressMagazines are no longer forwarded by the postoffice when yo u move. To insure uninterrupteddelivery please attach your magazine addresslabel here and print your new address below.

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1-year subscription$4.50 One 2-year subscrip- \ A d d r e s stion, or,O Two 1-year sub-scriptions . $8.00 New RenewalTo Give a Desert SubscriptionPrint your name and address above, and name and address of recipient below.

5 ' New Renewal

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6/44

SAVE YOUR BREATHNew Lec t ro -F la t e a i r pum p p l ugs i n t o au to c i ga r -e t t e l i g h t e r , w i l l i n f l a t e a i r m a t tr e s s e s , r u b b e rbo a t s , s w i m p o o ls , b e a c h b a l l s , e t c . , w i t h n a r y ahu f f or a pu f f f rom you . F it s a l l t ypes o f va l ve s .W i l l no t ove r i n f l a t e . Re l ax and l e t Lec t r o -F l a t edo t he w or k . $10 .45 ppd . Order n ow f romWILLIAMS, Dept B12, Box 1577, Moab, Utah.OPALS and SAPPHIRESDirect From Australia

This Month's Best BuySPF ine Qua lGood

E C Ity Semc u t t i n ga n dAL OFFERBlack & Greym a t e r i a l fo rl arger s tones2 Ounces FREE A IRM A IL

Rough Opa lm e d i u m$18.00

S end p e r s o n a l c h eq ue , i n t e r n a t i o n a l m o ne yorde r , ba nk d r a f t . F ree 16 page l i s t o f a l lA u s t r a l i a n G em s t o n e s .AUSTRALIAN GEM TRADING CO.294 Little Collins StreetMELBOURNE, C.I. AUSTRALIA

San JuanTRADING POST. . . your headquarters for aSouthern Utah vacation

ON PAVED HWY. 47MEXICAN HAT, UTAH22 Moder n Mo t e l Un i t s . . . Gu i ded Scen i cTour s to Monu m en t Va l l e y a nd Fabu l ous SanJuan Coun t y . . . Cu r i o Shop, Nava jo Rugs ,I nd i a n J ew e l r y . . . Ca f e . . . F i lm , Ca m p i ngSuppl i es . . . Serv i ce S ta t ion . . . L i censedH un t i n g G u i d e s . . . A c c o m m o da t i on s ForHun t e r s Dur i ng Deer Season .

Phone: 42, Mex i can Ha t , U t ah

KEY BEAMNo batteries or bulbs to buyever. Just squeezeand fingertip pressure lights the way to houselocks, auto locks and ignitions, road maps andeven milady's purse. Easily attaches to, and be-comes part of any car or house key. The life-time of light secret is the world's tiniest lamp(developed for computers) wired with platinumfor lasting brightness, and powered by costlysilver energy cell that recharges itself. Lifetimeguarantee. Specify sky blue, white, black or fu-chia. $2.95 plus .25 postage. MIKAN'S, Dept.DM 12, 1212 Park Avenue, Mamaroneck, N.Y.

NEW IDEAS for DESERT LIVINGBy DAN LEE

Sur viva l KitThis newly offered SURVIVAL KIT haseverything the desert wanderer might needin an emergency: night flares, distress flags,signal mirror, matches, flashlight, and evena distress whistle. Foods include tropicalchocolate, dextrose wafers, malted milktablets, and pemmican. Canned water isalso provided . A fishing kit and first aidkit, suntan lotion, and insect repellant areadded touches. Packed in a weatherproofcase, with a storage life advertised at fiveyears, this new SURVIVAL KIT at $39.50should be a logical choice for the 4-wheeler,desert prospector, and cabin owner. Fromthe Winslow Company, Dept. DM, P. O.Box 1507, Venice, Florida

Fold-Up Bunk B e d s -Here's a genuinely practical item for anydesert home or even for your weekendcabin. Steel bunk beds that fold up out ofthe way. These new SKIPPER BUNKBEDS are attractive, sturdy, and requireonly four wall fasteners and two floor at-tachments. The special counter-balanced bedslift easily, operate on nylon bearings silent-ly and smoothly. The entire unit of twobunk beds, mattresses, and zig-zag springssells for just $89.50, from SKIPPER BUNKBEDS, 1000 N. G reenville, Richardson, Tex.

Infra-red Su n Gun That 's what they call it . . . the SUNGU N. It gets its name from the abilityof SUN GUN to throw infra-red heat raysaround the camp, trailer, or home patio.It'll cook a steak in 7 minutes, heat frozenfoods, and handle all kinds of jobs re-quiring a portable heater . Based on therelatively new concept of thermocatalyticheat, instant direct-ray radiant heat is pro-duced at the touch of a match. An interest-ing new item, said to provide up to 500hours of operation life per fuel cell. FromSUN GUN, Dept. DM, Polyplastic Forms,Inc., Gazza Blvd., Farmington. N.Y.

New Tire Tester GaugeBecause gas-station gauges are generallyunreliable, it's difficult to keep precise in-flation pressures in car or trailer tires. Cor-rect inflation can reduce road-sway and cuttire wear by 18% or more, and will yieldbetter handling by the simple expedient ofequalizing tire pressure on all four wheels.Few people realize how important this is,but the new AIR TEST TIRE pressuremeter will make tire checking easyandaccurate. This beautiful imported dial-face pressure gauge comes from West Ger-many, has a scale from 5 to 64 pounds, andis finished in handsome black and chrome.

Just touch it to the tire valve, it locks theneedle on the precise pressure and holdsthe reading until the button is released.Priced at $4.95, from P. O. Box 31, Dept.DM, San Dimas, Calif.


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Vacation Water BottlesExtra water capacity for boating andcamping in desert areas is always handy,sometimes critical. The new VACATIONWATER BOTTLES are made of high-im-pact white polyethylene plastic and aresafe, sanitary, and extremely low in weight.The one-gallon jug sells for $1.65; the 2Vigallon jug $2.85, and the 5-gallon jug $4.95all postpaid prices. This new line featuresa built-in carrying handle, unbreakable con-struction, and the rectangular shape per-mits easy carrying and stacking. By mail,from VACATION WATER BOTTLES,P. O. Box 591, Dept. DM, Chino, Calif.///

Ice That Looks Like Golf BallsThat's rightyou'll swear your drinksare cooled by ice-colored golf balls. Thisnovel idea consists of a tray of quality golfballs which, after emptying, becomes anice molding tray. The ice balls bear anamazing resemblance to the real thing.Called the 19TH HOLE Ice ball Tray, theunit sells for $6.00, including six golf balls,

from Marvic Corp., Dept. DM, 861 Man-hattan Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

Gay Season Serving TraysWhite fiberglass serving trays with at-tractive season murals make the new Holi-day and Yuletide trays both practical andappealing. Retailing at just $2.95 each,these handsome trays stand out from run-of-the-mill stamped trays. No clips neces-sary to grip legs. Trays can be placed ontable tops without scratching the surface,

and of course, fiberglass outlasts metal insome areas. Soon available nationally, orwrite Bogert's Inc., Dept. DM., 5315 LaurelCanyon Blvd., North Hollywood, Calif.

Handy Truck Cab Storage PouchJust install PIK POCKET behind thetruck seat in the cabit's got several pock-ets se\vn into a heavy duck fabric designto utilize otherwise wasted space. Grea tfor stowing such loose items as flashlights,cameras, fishing gear, etc. Priced at just$9.95, from B. J. Distributing, 3119 AlisoPlace, Anaheim, Calif.

Space Age ClockIt had to happena clock that watchesboth earth time and the passing of the cen-turies! The new SPILHAUS SPACECLOCK provides 19 differentand simul-taneoustime readings on one instrument.It gives times around the world, tides, stars,sun position, daily sunrise and sunset, moonposition, Sidereal time, and too many Othertimes and tidings to remember. Sounds like

the sort of clock one could stare at fordays and never get bored! Priced at $150.,in light blue, fruitwood and brass case, fromthe Edmund Scientific Co., Dept. DM, 101E. Gloucester Pike, Barrington, N. J.

FREE!Helpful brochurefor rock hobbyists!

This new brochure,fresh off the presses, isavailable withoutcharge to rock hobby-ists and readers ofDesert Magazine. Spe-cial sections on sharp-ening, reversing andinstallation of diamondblades for better lapi-dary cutting... alsoincludes useful tips oncoolants, lubricants,speeds and feeds, andother suggestions onhow to get longer and better wear fromyour cutting equipment. Compact andeasy-reading, well-illustrated. Writetoday for your copy.

Please m a i l meyour free brochure, "Do's& Don'ts for Lapidary Cut t ing."N a m eAddressCity, StateDept . D-12 M K D |AMOND PRODUCTS12600 Chadron,Hawthorne, Calif .M K DIAMOND SINCE 7866

DESERT BINDERSKeep your Desert Magazines foryears as a reference and guide tofuture trips. Special 12-issue bind-ers only $3.50 (inc. tax &postage)

DESERT MAGAZINEPalm Desert, Calif. 92260

CHRISTIAN OILLAMPSfrom ANCIENT PALESTINERecently excavated: GENUINE Terra-Cottaoil lamps. Found in an early Christian ne-cropolis, apparently placed on tombs on"All Saints Day." Perfect holiday gifts andattractive display pieces for home and office!Truly a collectors treasure! Mounted onwood base with parchment certificate ofauthenticity . . . only $10, postpaid, readyfor immediate shipment . . . Money-backguarantee! Limited number of lamps withCHRISTIAN CROSSES . . . $15 pp1. ,F R E E A M I O I ATALOG

Annotated illus. of GENUINE: coins, RomanfflnKS, weapons, flints, tomb figurines* dolls,textiles and more. Plus: color card of ancientEgyptian Jewelry. A must for the curiouscollector and gift giver! Write for yourFREE CATALOG today.ALADDIN HOUSE, LTD.5 2 0 F i f t h A v e n u e , New Dep t . D-12York, N.Y. 10036


8/44

EditorO

TURKEY SALAD3 cups diced cooked turkey1 cup seedless grapes

1/2 cup cashew nuts2 tablespoons lemon juice1 teaspoon salt

1/4 cup sweet pickle relish6 tablespoons mayonnaiseCombine all ingredients, adding nutslast. Serve in lettuce cups. Slices ofunpeeled red apple in place of thegrapes adds color.

ALMOND TURKEY DELIGHT1/4 cup almonds1/3 cup butter or margarine1/4 cup flour1/3 cup water3 cups cooked rice2 cups diced cooked turkeySliver almonds and brown lightly inbutter. Remove from pan, and blendflour with remaining butter.Add 1 can chicken consomme andthe water slowly and cook over lowheat, stirring constantly until sauceis thickened. Add salt. Place rice inbottom of casserole. Top with turkey,and sprinkle with toasted almonds.Cover with sauce. Bake for 20 or25 minutes, or until thoroughly heat-ed and sauce is bubbly.

TURKEY SOUFFLE5 slices bread2 cups diced turkey2 cup grated American cheese3 eggs2 cups milk1/2 teaspoon dry mustard

1/2 teaspoon saltDash pepper and paprikaTrim crusts from bread and butterCut in to 1/2 inch cubesArrange layers of bread, turkey, \Vicups cheese, bread, turkey, bread ingreased \XA quart casserole. Beateggs with milk and seasonings.Pour over mixture in casserole. Placecasserole in shallow pan in whichhot water is 1 inch deep. Bake in

slow oven, 325 degrees, for 45 min-utes. Sprinkle with remaining cheeseand bake 40 minutes longer. 6 to 8servings.

TURKEY SUPREME1 can asparagus spears2 tablespoons butter or margarine2 tablespoons flour1 cup milk1/2 teaspoon salt1/4 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce1/2 cup grated sharp cheddarcheese8 thin slices cooked turkey1 /4 cup chopped almondsMelt butter and blend in flour. Addmilk, salt and Worcestershire sauce.Cook and stir until thickened.Arrange drained asparagus spearson flat buttered baking dish. Top with

sliced turkey and pour sauce overtop. Sprinkle cheese over this. Placeunder broiler and heat until lightlybrowned. Sprinkle with almonds andserve at once.

TURKEY CHINESE NOODLES2 cups diced turkey1 cup chopped celery1 cup cashew nuts1-3 oz. can Chinese noodles1 can mushroom soup1/4 cup chopped green onions and

stems1/2 cup broth, (may be made withchicken bouillon cubes)Combine all ingredients togetherand sprinkle top with butteredcrumbs.Bake in greased casserole for about25 minutes in 325 degree oven.

TURKEY OVER WAFFLES1 can chicken soup or mushroomsoup

1/4 cup milk1 cup diced turkey6 wafflesBlend soup, milk, turkey and heat.Serve over frozen waffles that havebeen heated, or over rice.

A L M O N D DIPCombine 1 package softened creamcheese with 1/4 cup chopped roastedalmonds, and 1/4 cup minced sweetpickle.

AVOCADO DIPCombine 3 tablespoons lemonjuice

1 teaspoon finely chopped onion1 teaspoon salt

Dash of Worcestershire sauce1 cup mashed avocado pulpGradually add to this an 8-oz. pack-age of Cream cheese and mix untilwell blended.

SHRIMP DIP1 can shrimp, drained andchopped

1/4 cup dairy sour cream2 teaspoons lemon juice

1/2 teaspoon salt1/8 teaspoon pepper

1 teaspoon prepared horseradishMix together and place in bowl, sur-rounded with chips.

CHILI DIP1 carton commercial sour cream

1/2 cup chopped ripe olives1/2 teaspoon lemon juice1/4 cup chili sauce, if thin, drain

a little bit.Blend all to-gether.

C L A M DIP1 can minced clams, drained1 tablespoon mayonnaise

1/4 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce2 teaspoon grated onion2 teaspoon chopped parsley

1-1/2 teaspoons lemon juice1/4 teaspoon salt

1 package cream cheese, softenedMix mayonnaise with cheese, addremaining ingredients and b l e n dthoroughly. Let stand for an hour ortwo to allow flavors to blend.

PALM SPRINGS CREAM6 egg yolks

1/2 cup sugar6 tablespoons cognac4 cups whipped cream3 tablespoons crushed pineapple3 tablespoons chopped dates(or datettes)In top of double boiler over simmer-ing water, beat egg yolks and sugar.Stir until mixture is thick and creamy.

Add cognac and continue stirring.Remove from heat and place in re-frigerator for one hour or more. When(Continued on Page 28)


9/44

I ST H E R E

A H U A C OI N Y O U RH O U S E ?

THIS GENTLEMAN IS FONDLING A PRECIOUS HURACO PRODUCED BY ANCIENT INCAS OFPERU ABOUT 400 B. C.While bott le collectors are diggingin dumps and prospecting neglectedcloset and basement shelves, art deal-ers are subtly scanning their finds in

search of huacos.A huaco is the name given to anyone of hundreds of varieties of clayjugs and statues made centuries agoby the Incas and their ancestors,some of whom lived thousands ofyears before the Spaniards came toSouth America. New York City artdealers say that many North Ameri-cans have a huaco around the housewithout even knowing what it is.Archeologists believe, however, thatthere are sti l l more huacos under-g round in Peru than on the shelves

of dealers, collectors, and housewives.Huacos range in size from a fewinches to two feet or more. They maybe simple or complicated and the sub-ject matter is unlimitedfigures ofmen, women, animals, birds, f ish,fruits, vegetables or any combinat ion.A huaco can tell a story, depict a fightbetween warriors, portray an ancientmyth or even tell a joke, which wemay or may not get.As a rule, the figures are mountedon vessels or bowls, al though there

are huacos in the forms of houses orboats. Some huacos even con tain hid-den whistles which sound as eerieas the wind blowing between the

peaks of the Andes. Among the mostpopular and highly prized huacos areeffigy figures: portrait heads realisti-cally rendered in black or brown clay.Students of ancient Peru believe theIncas and t he ir a nc es to rs p l a c e dhuacos in tombs as sort of identifica-tion cards for the next world. A fish-erman might be buried with a huacoshowing him with his nets and catch,or a warrior shown with the trophyheads of his slain enemies.In the language of the Incas, theword "huaca" designated the lastresting place of their kings. T odaythe word refers to any ancient burialmound. People who dig for huacosare known as "huaceros" and the long

iron rods they use to probe the sandsfor the underground chambers arecalled "huacettas".The huaco has become such apopular symbol of Peru that one dis-tiller puts his brandy in bottleswhich are reproductions of these valu-able ceramic artifacts. Because of this,the astute collector will beware ofimitations.Depending upon age, conditionand craftsmanship, a huaco may beworth anywhere from $5.00 - $5,000.

Ye t the price could skyrocket if thePeruv ian governmen t ever m a k e sgood on its threat to clamp down onexporters and smugglers. One of

Peru's wealthiest citizens recently do-nated his huaco collection, worthmore than a million dollars, to Peru'snat ional museum.A number of these treasures acquir-ed by North Americans came intothis country as gifts or interestingsouvenirs brought back by travelers.Many have been mistakenly regardedas valueless relics by uninformedheirs.Most of the huaco treasures avail-able in Peru's capital are brough t byshoeless huaceros who search thesands of the country's coastal deserts.In many ways, these huaceros arelike the 49'ers of California goldrushdays, roaming the countryside with

mule, huacetta, and shovel lookingfor a strike.Their dream is to discover therichly laden tomb of an a n c i e n tprince, sell the huacos for moremoney than they've ever seen, andspend the rest of their lives listeningto the radio.But wealth is not the only dreamof the huaceros. There's an ancientPeruvian legend that the possessorof a huaco will also acquire vigorand become more fascinating to the

opposite sex. Breathes there a Per-uvian, or anyone else, who'd not liketo discover a huaco around his house?


10/44

Spotted throughout the Great Ba-sin of Nevada are beds of "rock"formations which appear to havebeen formed the same way that theGreat Barrier Reef of Australia wasformed . . . as coral at the bottom ofthe sea.And well it could have been so,for the entire Great Basin of the west-ern states once formed the ancientbed of the prehistoric Lake Lahontanmore years ago than you can count onyour fingers, even if you take a hun-dred thousand years per finger.

ejected into the air which met andadhered to one another in midairand plunked to the surface of theearth in huge blobs.Such large chunks are found incentral Nevada in the Pyramid Lakeregion about 38 miles northeast ofReno and along U. S. Highway 40,starting about eight miles south ofLovelock and extending about sixmiles along the desert valley floor.This area is known locally as theGiant Tufa Park and a highwaymarker indicates the location.

No one was more astonishedthan long-time Nevada residentVern Miller to discover thatformations he'd always knownas "tufa," were not really tufaat all.

T u f f , s i !T u f a , n o !

b yV e r n M i l l e r

The tuffs, however, which have er-roneously been called tufa by manyauthorities for a great number ofyears and still today are called so bythe majority of Nevadans, came fromvolcanic action that took place thosemany years ago when the Great Basinwas still a sea. These are being eager-ly sought by rock hunters and rockgarden enthusiasts today.The material in these tuffs, accord-

ing to the latest scientific authority,erupted from the magma zone thous-ands of feet below the surface as fineash and pellets. These were carriedby the high winds sometimes for manymiles before settling to earth. Othersfell nearby, close to the eruption.As they floated into water, such asthat contained in Lake Lahontan,they settled to the bottom and min-gled with the normal sediment. In ad-dition, ash falling on bare land waslater washed into lakes by rains andstreams. Ashy clays and sands thusproduced were converted into tuface-ous shales and sandstones. The largerpellets formed the blobs that are nowcalled tuffs.Volcanic ash tends to travel farwhile pellets or the coarser ejectedmaterials fall near to the source.Because of this, tuff varies a greatdeal in texture as well as chemicaland mineralogical composition. Italso varies in appearance from whiteto a dull brown and in several shapes.Generally, the material ejected is

usually thought of as fine ash or smallpellets. Actually, some were muchmore than pellets. They were chunks

While locally they are referred toas tufas, they actually are tuffs, form-ed from volcanic action. "Tufa" isa name properly applied to the cellu-lar deposits from mineral springs orwaters, either siliceous or calcareous.The latter is called "calc tufa," and isa cellular variety of calcite in whichthe mineral matter has been deposit-ed from the waters of springs. In thepast, mineralologists have includedthese formations along with tuff.However, this theory is no longersanctioned.

Prime example of tufa formationsare the stalagmites and stalactitesfound in caves throughout the coun-try, formed by the dripping mineralwaters within those caves. There islittle to indicate that the Nevada"tufas" were formed by this action,although materially tuffs and tufasare similar.Small tuffs are found under desertsands, one type resembling toadstools.Resting on the desert floor, they varyin depth from the surface to severalfeet below. The ones most easilyavailable to hunters of specimens arethose easily spotted on the surface,such as a field of toadstool tuffs lo-cated near Henderson on Nevada 41.These make an exotic addition todecorative rock gardens. It is quitean oddity, however, that they arerarely, if ever, located near the bedsof giant tuffs which may reach theproportions of a four-story apartmenthouse. The mushroom variety rangesfrom the size and weight of a marbleto five feet in diameter, often weigh-ing 400 pounds.

10 / Desert Magazine / December, 1963


11/44

One of the most sought after areasin the realm of tuff hunting is theLahontan Valley of central Nevadawhose center is the city of Fallon.Located sixty miles east of Reno, thenorthern portion of the valley con-tains many of the mushroom type oftuffs. Part of this area is known asthe Forty Mile Desert, the Nemesis ofpioneers a century ago who crossedit in covered wagons. It is more acces-sible now, however, being crossedfrom north to south by black-toppedU. S. Highway 95.

This area is reached from Reno bytraveling on U. S. Highway 40 toFernley. The remainder of the dis-tance into Fallon is traveled by U. S.Highway 95 alternate. The entire por-tion of the valley to the north ofFallon contains the Carson Sink andportions of the Forty Mile Desert.In this desert wasteland, numerousmushroom type tuffs are located.Other tuffs small enough to be re-trieved from the desert floor, whilethey may vary slightly to those foundin central Nevada, are located in al-most every one of the desert valleysstretching from Black Rock Desertsouth to Las Vegas and nearbyHenderson.For those interested in rock for-mations that lend themselves toexotic camera work, the giant tuffsof Pyramid Lake are readily acces-sible from Reno. Adjacent to bothshores, giant tuffs tower over a hun-

dred feet into the air.A short drive around the southernend of Pyramid Lake places the tuffhunter in the Indian reservation townof Nixon, one of the headquarters forNevada's Paiute Indians. Here thedriver may turn north on State Route34 and within ten miles is travelingalong the western shore of Winne-

mucca Lake, a dry lake bed that iscompletely surrounded by more gianttuffs.This dry lake bed reveals yet an-other form of tuff sheets of tuface-ous material similar to the thin shaleof the desert's sandy areas, onlygreater in thickness. Often mistakenfor tufa formed by mineral water ac-tion, this tuff material so closely re-sembles coral that unless an individ-

ual knows differently he would surelyidentify it as such. Found protrudingin small sheets it, too, adds much torock gardens and table centerpieces.There is no need for rock hunt-ers to chip away at giant tuffs anddestroy their beauty in order to ob-tain a specimen, as smaller counter-parts abound in the areas mentionedabove.To uncover and retrieve mushroomtuff specimens, only a sharp pointedshovel is necessary. This implement

may be used to dig sand away fromthe tuff's edges and is strong enoughto pry a weighty specimen from itssandy bed. Sometimes a pry bar isuseful in locating underground tuffs,as it may be easily poked into deepsand.Special transportation is unneces-sary, as desert roads in most of theseregions may be traveled by passengercar if the driver takes care in avoid-ing soft sand. Those who conducttheir search in a 4-wheeler, however,operate at an advantage especiallywhen one of the larger tuffs is un-covered and the vehicle may be drivento the site.For a day's outing, tuff hunting ishard to beat. Carry along a goodpicnic lunch with plenty of water andthe whole family will have a "tuff"t ime! / / /

TUFF MOUNDS NEAR PYRA MID LAKE

MACDONALD 'S'KiYOU C A N EASILY tu rn our k i t i n to ac o m p l e t e , p ro fe s s i o n a l l o o k i n g , w e l l - b u i l tc am p e r in j u s t a f ew ho u r s w i t h s i m p l ehan d t oo ls . (Or com p l e t e l i ne fo r t he m anw h o w a n t s o n e a s s e m b l e d ) .STRONG STEEL TUBING fra m e w ork an db e a u t i fu l h e a v y a l u m i n u m c o v e r, s c o re d f o rs t r e n g t h . E x t r em e l y l i g h t .FEATURES LARGE WINDOWS and rear

do o r ; w i d e r a n g e o f op t i on a l eq u i p m e n ta n d a c c e s s o r i e s t o f u r t h e r e n h a n c e y o u rc am p e r .Write or visit one of our 12 western plants:

Macdonald Camper Kit Co.EL MO NTE11015 E. Ru shH A Y W A R D82 W. Jack son

SA N JOSE1070 Elm ELCAJON501 Wi leVENTURA OGDEN, UTAH181 Wes t Ma i n 185 Wes t 12 th

SACRAMENTO4865 PasadenaPORTLAND, ORE.9215 SE 82ndPUYALLUP, WASH.207 Jovi ta N.E.

EAST MESA, A R IZ.9643 Apache T r a i lFRESNO1525 BlackstoneTUCSON4952 Casa Grande Hwy .

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O A T M A H ARIZONA S C E N IC B E A U T YF I R E A G A T E F I E L D SM O V I E S E T S

P lease cons i de r t h i s your i n v i t a t i on t o v i s i t t h i sf asc i na t i ng co r ne r o f t h e Wes t . . .OATMAN - GOLDROADS

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE


12/44

by NELL MURBARGERWith the permission of Nell Murbarger and Westernlore Publishing Company, Desert M agazinepresents this condensed chapter in advance of Miss Murbarger's forthcoming book,GHOSTS OF THE ADOBE WALES.A R I Z O N A aficionados of longstanding, my mother and I formany years spent the majorport ion of each October camping inthe National Forests of Arizona andexploring the state's highways and by-ways. Especially the bywaysthe littlesun-splashed, invitin g, back co un tryroads so delightfully lacking in trafficjams, high speed, carbon monoxide,

and other insiduous by-products ofpavem ent. On each of our junk etswe allotted at least one of our fourprecious au tum n - vacat ion weeks tothe fascinating sport of trackingdown ghost towns in the Bradshawmo unta ins of Yavapai Coun ty. Onother occasions I have gone therealone, and by truck, horseback andafoot , have spent days pursuing someof the more elusive of the old camps.Yet, the Bradshaws still hold ghosttowns I have not visited, and I sel-dom go to Yavapai County that I

don't hear mentioned the name ofsome old camp that I have to add tomy roster of Bradshaw ghosts.In the spring of 1960 I found my-self in Phoenix with a little sparet ime on my hands, so decided tospend a week pursuing ghost townsin the Bradshaws. Two of the oldtowns I especially wanted to visitwere Gi l le tt and Tip top . Unfortun-ately, I was not at all sure I couldlocate them. Ten years earlier I hadspent two days trying to find Gillettand finally had to give up the search.Several years later I had come back,armed with a sketch map and spe-cific directions for finding the town;

but the penciled map had left me con-fused and confounded, and the direc-tions had led to a sandy wash wherethe trail had petered out with sicken-ing completeness.This time I had been told to seeBil l Hostet ter, owner of a rockhoundshop and motel in the small town ofBlack Canyon."Sure," said Bill. "I can tell youhow to find Gil let t . Go back aboutfive miles to Moore Gulch. Just be-fore you cross the bridge, turn offthe highway to your right and gothrough the gate. The road soonforks. Take the right-hand forktheleft fork goes to an old deserted goatranch. At the next fork keep to yourleft. Follow th is road to the top ofthe hill. Before it starts down theother side of the hill, park your car.You'll have to walk the rest of thewayand when you get to the bot-tom of the hill you'll have to wade

the Agua Fria River, because Gil let tis on the other s ide . . . "Having had some experience withArizona rivers I asked if there wasany danger of quicksand in the AguaFria?"Oh, sure!" said Bill. "But not atthis time of year!"I hadn't known that quicksand waschoosy about its season; but as longas Bill said it was safe, I figured Icould take a chance.Following the directions given, itwas only a little while until I wasparking my car at the top of the hill,a few yards from the point where

the road t ipped over the edge andstarted sharply down into Agua FriaCanyon. From that hi l l top eminencethere wasn't a ghost town anywherein sight. Ne ither was there a housenor any sign of m an except, ofcourse, the l i t t le road and my own car.I started down the steep, rocky trail.After winding downward a consider-able way, the road cl imbed anotherrise and brought me in sight of thegreenery fringing the Agua Fria, stillsome distance below. Stirred by thegreat sweep of Arizona spread outbefore me, I raised my binocularsinto posi t ionand looked straightinto the midst of a group of stoneruins on the opposite side of theriver! The structures were still halfmasked by the dense shrubbery ofthe river flat ; but just knowing thatthis time I had actually found theold ghost mil l ing town was enough tolend wings to my feet.Hurrying down the road to the footof the hill, I floundered across awidth of hot, seemingly bottomlesssand, and halted, a little breathless,at the edge of the river. Mo vinglazily over its pebble-and-sand bot-tom, its water did not appear to beanywhere more than a loot deep. Re-moving my shoes and stockings Iwaded experimental ly into the streamstill a bit apprehensive that quick-sand might have changed its "season."Moments later I was scramblingthrough the copse of thorny brush

fringing the river and knew that mydestination, at last, was at hand!My first close view of Gillett's ruins

Bonanzain theBradshaws


13/44

ABO VE: CEMETERY AT McCABE , RIGHT TOP : OL DB U R F I N D H O TE L . B O T T O M : G O L D E N T U R K EY 'S

GHOST OF BETTER DAYS.

thrilled me to the bottoms of myfeet! Delighted as I am to find eventhe bare sight of a historical town,my cup of joy almost spilled over asI emerged from the thicket andlooked upon a "business block" com-prising seven units, arranged aroundthree sides of a patio, or small plaza.Several types of construction wererepresented. Largest of the severalstructures was built of white stone,its squared edges laid to the wall'soute r face. Frames of the doors andwindows once had been painted blue,and the building held two cornerfireplaces. From descriptions read,and one picture I had seen, it waseasy to recognize this as the formerBurfind Hotel. Another of the ruinsthis fabricated of adobecontainedhand-hewn ceiling beams decoratedin orange and blue pain t. Still an-other unit was built of random stone;a fourth, of large cobbles from the

nearby river. Some of the adobe wallswere plastered, others no t. Most ofthe units contained at least one fire-place. Desert brush was crowding injealously from all sides, and one largesaguaro stood overlooking the ruins.In one corner of the patio, or plaza,quite a large hole had been dug-likely by treasure seekers.From this first group of buildingsI ranged over the desert flat to therear. Here were num erous founda-tions, caved cellars, low walls, brokenglass and assorted castoffsand the

beginning of a rutted road leading toTiptop.The Tiptop mine, which supplied

the life's blood to Gillett's mill, wasdiscovered in 1875 by Jack M oore andBill Corning, jackass prospectors,while on their way to Castle HotSprings from Prescott. When wordgot arou nd that even surface rockfrom the new discovery assayed ashigh as 1000 ounces of silver to theton, a small army of prospectorsmoved down from the higher Brad-shaws and many locations were made.A few of these, including the Eldor-ado, Silver Museum, the Lane, 76,Foy, and possibly others, eventuallydeveloped into fairly good minesbutnone to equal the Ti pto p, In 1875,Corning and Myers sold to San Fran-cisco interests for a reported $85,000and, late that year, a new millingtown began to take form on the AguaFria river, eight miles from the mine.This was Gillett.

Gille tt got its sealegs fast. By theend of March, 1878, three men al-ready had been murdered there, andon April 12 the Arizona WeeklyMiner, of Prescott, reported that thenew and thriving town containedseveral stores carrying large stocks ofgoods "that will compare favorablywith the mercantile houses of ourown town, Prescott."Anders & Rowe, C. P. Head &Co., and C. T. Hayden are the ownersof these mammoth establishments. Abrewery has been established by Mr.Peter Arnold . . . Saloons dot thetown . . .Mr. Edwards has erecteda meat market . . . Building is pro-gressing all over town and the placepresents a lively appearance . . ."

Tiptop, meanwhile, had developedinto a town divided into two parts.In Lower Town were located the ori-ginal Tiptop mine and, later, themill. In Upper To wn were the busi-ness houses, school, several less im-portant mines, and a spring of waterthat supplied the domestic needs ofthe camp. A short way above UpperTown, near the bottom of the gulch,was the cemetery.At the time of my visit, the ruinsof Tiptop still straggled up and downthe canyon for more than a quarterof a mile. In add ition to severalbuildings in near-habitable condition,there were numerous foundations ofweathered stone, many crumbledadobe walls, and dozens of indica-tions where buildings formerly hadstood.

Next day, continuing north on theBlack Canyon highway, I soon turnedoff on the Horsethief Basin road. Al-though it was too early in the yearto visit the high, frosty country aroundThe Basin and Crown King, wherethe road still was buried in winter'ssnow, other camps in the warm, dryfoothills, merited attention.After brief visits to the Glorianamine and Bumblebee, I continuedalong the unpaved road leadingnorthwesterly and was soon seeing theruins of another mining camp. Therewas a big old shaft house, the founda-tions of a large mill, some cabins,and a huge pile of mill tailings. Nearthe mill stood a two-story building ingood repairevidently a one-timeboarding house. There were some


14/44

petunias and other flowers in theyard, as well as a nice vegetable gar-den, and a few peach trees were justbreaking into bloom.My rap at the screen door was an-swered by a pleasant looking, middle-aged man. After explaining my in-terest in ghost towns I said I wouldlike to look around the mill and takesome pictures, if it would be allright?"Why, yes! Of course," said theman . And then he asked if I had beento Cleater?"Cleater?" I said, in surprise. "Ithought this was Cleater?""Oh, no!" said the man. "This isGolden Turkey!"After introducing h i m s e l f asCharles H. Manly, my host invitedme in the house to meet his wife, andthe two of them gave me a run-downon history of the camp.The Golden Turkey mine, accord-ing to the Manlys, was discoveredearly in the present century, but sawlittle production until about 1933when the increased price of gold madeit profitable to work the lower-gradeores. In the next eight or nine years,said Manly, the mine produced closeto $3,000,000 in gold and silver, withsome copper and lead, but was forcedto close in 1942 by the WPB orderbarring gold m ines. Like most West-ern gold mines where work was inter-rupted by that order, it had not re-

opened."If you are going to write a storyabout Golden Turkey you should gothrough the mine," said Manly. WhenI said I would like that, very much,my host produced a pair of batteredcarbide lamps and the two of usclimbed to the portal of the inclineshaft about 400 feet from the house.From the portal we started down-ward at an angle of about 30 degrees.It was pleasantly cool in the mine;the air was fresh and sweet. Many

stopes led off from the main shaftinto great chambers where the orehad been mined out, occasional pil-lars of rock being left to help supportthe ceiling. Tim bering was at a mini-mum . Each stope we turned intosloped downward until we werehalted, eventually, by a pool of pure,fresh water, ice cold and crystal clear,and extending from wall to wall.To my surprise we eventuallyemerged from the lowest level of themine and stepped out into the sun-shine, having walked all the way

through the underground workings.Returning to the house we foundMrs. Manley waiting with tall glasses

of cold lemonade. We sat down onthe porch to drink it, and talk. Mr.Manly said they would like to sellthe property if they could get $50,000for it."But why?" I asked. "Where couldyou possibly find a nicer place tolive?"Manly nodded, "I know . . ." hesaid. "It's wonderful here. But I'dlike to get about 50 acres nearer sometown . . .""Fifty acres is too much land totake care of," said Mrs. Manly."Why do you want such a bigplace?" I asked.My host grinned, a little sheep-ishly, I though. "I'd like to keep somegoats . . . and maybe a paint pony,"he said."Fifty acres of goats!" I exclaimed."That's what I say!" echoed Mrs.Manly. "Fifty acres of goats!"

Back on the highway, three dayslaterafter visiting Cleater and an-other place or twoI drove north toHumboldt and again turned left to-ward the hills. This time I hoped tolocate the old town of McCabe.Snaking through the dump of thehuge Iron King mine, then the larg-est lead and zinc producer in thestate of Arizona, I picked up a typicalghost town road and followed it backinto the hills. Eventually I came uponan old cemetery, quite extensive, butwith only five markers whose inscrip-tions could still be deciphered. Halfa mile beyond the cemetery the roadforked. Since there was no indicationwhich way might lead to McCabe, Itook the binoculars and climbed tothe top of the highest peak in thatimmediate vicinity, an eminence thatafforded a view for 360 d e g r e e saround. Sweeping the binocularsslowly over that immense spread ofcountry, inspecting it canyon by can-yon and ridge by ridge, I caught, atlast, the glint of sunlight on brokenglass! There seemed literally acres of

it, and I knew this must be the oldtownsite.All along the road, now, was anabundance of rubbleold tins, brokenglass, fragments of crockery dishes, anold cookstove, the twisted chassis ofa baby cab, splintered boards, dentedpowder cans, rusty horseshoes. Uponreaching the hillslope seen from thedistant crest, I found it hard to be-lieve that any mining camp couldhave left in its wake such a bounty ofbottles! Beer bottles, champagne bot-tles, wine an d whiskey all em pty,

and virtually every one broken. Thi sevidently, had been "Whiskey Row."Choosing a sheltered spot in the

lee of a big rock where the sun feltpleasantly warm and the chill Aprilbreeze was broken, I settled myselfcomfortably on a cushion of dry,brown leaves. For a long time I satthere, looking out over the silentmill tailings, the ruined mill, the bigcyanide tanks, the jumbled wreck ofa big store building, the silent sepul-chre of Whiskey Row.Even to one long inured to thedesolation of abandoned cities andtowns, the scene was a little sadden-ing. For nearly a week, now, I hadbeen moving through a strange, quietland where ghost towns far outnum-bered towns still active, and the liv-ing population is vastly exceeded bythe dead. Gillett, Tiptop, Gloriana,Golden Turkey, Cleater, and McCabeas well as a dozen other towns inthe vicinity I had not visited on thisoccasionall had known briefly theirplace in the sun; each, in turn, hadwatched its sun go down.An eagle was circling over the ridgeto the west, soaring endlessly. On thehillslope across the canyon a coupleof red-and-white calves was engagedin a lively game of tag, their thintails held stiffly erect like little flag-staffs. In the oak brush behind th eold store a pair of quail was visitingprobably discusing the best place tobuild their nestand an Arizona jaywas scolding in the tree overhead.There was no doubting it longer-Spring was just around the corner.All the lower levels of the Bradshawswere greening with new grass. Th efirst wild flowers of the season wereshowing their faces on slopes warmedby the sun, and each day saw the snow-line creeping higher on the shouldersof the range. Every part of the wholewonderful drama of Springtime wasslipping into place, smoothly, unerr-ingly. Every big and little playerfrom the budding aspens to the tiniestJohnny-jump-up seemed to be waitingimpatiently in the wings, ready toappear promptly on cue, exactly asit had appeared the year before and

all the years before that since thedawning of Creation.Suddenly, my melancholy mood ofmoments e a r l i e r was g one, as ifwhisked away on the fresh winds ofApril, and a gay, glad song seemedto be bursting inside me. What mat-tered worked-out mines and ruinedtowns, even the death of man's plans,little or great? What matter thatman's works are as transitory as manhimself? The se are not tragedies, Iknew; not really. Not as long as themiracle of Spring is eternal and ever-

lasting.This, not gold or silver, is the greatbonanza of the Bradshaws. / / /


15/44

by Ed E l l i n g e r

i HE days of the cattle rustler who roamedthe West are gone, never to return except on aTV screen. But the fine art of branding, used tothwart the cattle thief, is still much in evidence.State-registered brands are used on all cattle out-fits worthy of the name, to insure quick recogni-tion of their stock.The ability to read brands continues as an en-

dowment in keeping with cowboy tradition andis closely tied to his romantic and colorful past.Brand reading is far from "book learnin' ". Thecowboy had to pick it up from his elders as partof his practical education. The know-how of read-ing brands has filtered down through each genera-tion. It goes back to Cortez who burned threeChristian crosses on the Andalusian range cattle hebrought over from Spain during the conquest ofMexico. Since then, thousands of inventive brandshave been burned deep into the hides of bawlingcalves.

Contrary to the typical Western movie, theAmerican cowboy led a lonesome and often dulllife. He made up for this in part by his colorfuldress and droll way of talking. Actually, this "off-beat" attitude has spilled over into the concept ofbranding cattle. It is a language all its own.Take the letter K for example. As it stands itwould simply be referred to as the "K brand." Butif we put it on its back ^ it becomes the "LazyK"; tilt it forward ff and it is known as the"Tumbling K," and if we put it on its heels ^ it

becomes the "Crazy K." Put a quarter circle underit , and then we know it as the "Rocking K."Certain figures are used in many combinations,but are always read the same way. An O *s simply"circ le," while w is "half circle" and , is "quart -er circle." The figure A is always called "rafter"while x is "slash" and this is "bar." Thuswe would refer to ^ as the "Rafter, Slash, Bar

brand." It really isn't too difficult when you getthe hang of it.Symbols are also used and quickly recognized.The figure ^ w o u l d be the "Wine Glass brand,"this Q " would be the "Anvil ," and the "Keybrand" would look like this I .Obviously, with the many figures and symbolsused in brands, the combinations are endless. Itis an art form unto itself.In the early days of branding, the cattlemenused a narrow steel rod as a marking implement.Heated to a high temperature over an open fire,it was quickly applied to the animal's hide as onemight use a pen or pencil. It was referred to as a"running brand" as exemplified by the brand ofthe King R anch *w * which is still in use and knownas the "Running W." This method of applicationoften required several re-heatings of the rod andhence took longer and was more painful. The "hot

rod" was subsequently replaced by the brandingiron wliich requires but one application as theentire brand is recorded at once. / / /


16/44

The Vanishing BighornByCloydSorensen,Jr..

B RANDED by many as a "vanish-ing species," California still hasdesert bighorn sheep. It is esti-mated that there are between 2,000to 3,000 head of these majestic sym-bols of the old West in the desertmountains, mainly in the southeast-ern part of California.In the United States the majorityof the desert bighorn herds are inCalifornia, Nevada and Arizona.Utah has a tiny remnant herd alongthe Colorado and San Juan riversthat may greatly increase when therising waters of new Lake Powellmake water more available. NewMexico has some of this subspeciesin the San Andres Mountains and asmaller herd in the Big HatchetMountains.

While many taxonomists and biolo-gists disagree, the term desert bighornis generally taken to include the sub-species of Ovis canadensis found inthe desert country, including: theMexican sheep (mexicana) in Chi-huahua, Sonora, part of New Mexico,Arizona and perhaps a few in ex-treme southeastern California; theNelson bighorn (nelsoni) foundmainly in southeastern California

and southern Nevada; the Weemsdesert bighorn (weemsi) native tothe southern part of Baja California;and the Lower California bighorn(cremnobates) questionably existingunintergraded in extreme southernCalifornia and northern Baja Cali-fornia. Oth er subspecies of the big-horn sheep include the commonRocky Mountain bighorn (O. c.canadensis) found in the northernRocky Mountain States, southeasternBritish Columbia and southwesternAlberta in Canada; the Rimrock big-horn (californiana ) once ranging thelava bed country of northeastern Cali-fornia, western Nevada and part ofOregon is now thought to be extinct;the Badlands bighorn that was oncefound in the Badlands of the Dakotas,Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana(O. c. auduboni) is also thought tobe extinct. Other wild mo untainsheep in North America are sub-species of the Dall (dalli) which in-clude the white Alaska Dall (O. dallidalli) and the grey or black Stonesheep (stonei) in British Columbia.The Fannin sheep of the Yukon andBritish Columbia is now thought tobe a Dall-Stone intergrade.

Serious hunting sportsmen whohave taken one ram from each of thefour North American sheep are saidto have completed the Grand SlamTo date it is thought that less than ahundred men (and women) havebeen this successful in the world. Thestumbling block to the Grand Slamin sheep is the rarest, toughest to findand hardest to see in it's native habi-tatthe desert bighorn.Hunting for the desert bighornram, which is considered by many tobe America's number one trophygame animal, is done on a highlylimited drawing-permit basis once ayear in Arizona, and occasionally inNevada and New Mexico. Arizonais the only state where non-residenthunters are allowed to participate inthe drawing which is limited to 10%of the permits. Here non-residentspay SI45 for their permit and licenseand up to a thousand dollars for awell qualified desert bighorn guide.While the World Record desert bighorn ram was taken in 1940 in Baja

California, Mexico has not had alegal bighorn hunt in years. How-ever, there is a rumor that Mexico


17/44

will once again hold a limited huntin the near future.The bighorn sheep in Californiawere protected by one of the State'sfirst protective statues on the booksin 1873. Our grandfathers, seeing thepossible extinction of this species byhungry prospectors and ranchers whopreferred the delicious meat of thebighorn to all other game, used un-usual foresight and the best of judg-

ment in protecting this species. To-day however, still fully protected, thedesert bighorn in California is fight-ing for it's very existence.Faced with a serious lack of waterand browse, devastating d r o u g h t ,shrinking desert mountain range pluscompetion from the ever-increasingdeer herds and the over-protectedferal burro, preyed upon by a fewpoachers and mountain lions, thedesert bighorn in California may havesaturated it's present range and moreindividuals are being produced eachyear than can survive under the pre-sent conditions. It is highly probablethat we now have as many bighornsheep as there ever will be unlesssomething is done to help these ani-mals by correcting some of these con-ditions. Without these changes, ourdesert bighorn surely fights a losingbattle.The desert bighorn in Californianeeds less deer and burro competi-ion, more water, more usable range,more browse, more scientific research,

better management and many, manymore interested friends. / / /

ACCORDING TO LIMITED SURVEY INFORM-A T I O N , THIS LAMB HAS ABOUT A 40% CHANCEOF SURVIVING HIS FIRST YEAR. HE IS VERYACTIVE AN D FOLLOWS HIS MOTHER EVERY-W H E R E , AT TIMES BOUNDIN G OUT ON SHEERLEDGES AND BOUNCIN G FROM ROCKS. A C C I -DENTS TAKE THEIR TOLL OF YOUNG LAMBS.

LEFT: UNTIL THE RUT IN DECEMBER, THE OLDRAMS ARE USUALLY LONERS. YOUNGER RAMSGROUP TOGETHER IN BACHELOR CLUBS, NEVERTOLERATING THE COMPANY OF EWES UNTILMATING SEASON. THEN THEIR MASSIVE HORNSARE PUT TO GOOD USE IN FIGHTING OFFC O M P E T I T I O N !

PETROGLYPHS BELOW PRESENT EVIDENCE THAT BIGHORNWERE KNOWN TO INDIANS IN SOUTHWESTERN U T A H . THISROCK ART WAS FOUND NEAR ST. GEORGE WHERE ESCALANTECAMPED IN 1777. HAD THERE BEEN BIGHORN IN THE AREA,E S C A L A N T E , DESPERATE FOR MEAT, WOULD SURELY HAVEMENTIONED GAME. THERE IS NO INFORMATION THAT WHITEMA N HAS EVER SEEN BIGHORN IN THIS AREA. THE GLYPHPORTRAYS THREE RAMS IN A ROW AND BELOW AN EWE.CURIOUSLY, THEY ALL HAVE LONG TAILS.

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18/44

A SCHEME TO FIND THELOST ARCH MINEM y E r le S t a n l e y G a r d n e r

With the permission of Erie Stanley Gardner and Publisher William Morrow &Company Inc., Desertpresents excerpts from Chapter V inadvance of the publication ofMr. Gardner's new bookTHE DESERT IS YOURS.MY first connection with the LostArch Mine was the result of apeculiar combination of inter-ests. I was interested in a principleof optics used to penetrate camou-flage, and Iwas interested insome ofthe famous lost mines of the South-west.

These two interests were broughttogether by the Lost Arch Mine.As farback asWorld War I, themilitary began to experiment withcamouflage. Du ring the years this be-came very much of a science. Itbe-came virtually impossible to detectcertain small objects from the air,once those objects had been coveredby aprotective camouflage.Then the other side tried to findsome method ofpenetrating this cam-ouflage anddestroying its militaryvalue. The result was aningeniousapplication of certain natural prin-ciples onthe field ofoptics.Human powers ofobservationareassisted by thespacing of approxi-mately three inches between man'seyes. Man sees an image with each eye

and fuses those images so that he hasan angle of"perspective" and inthatway isable tojudge distance.So inventive genius began to specu-late about what would happen if thebase line between the two eyes shouldbe increased and then, bymeansofoptical devices, views taken from eachbase line could be fused together justas the two eyes fuse what they normal-ly see.By careful experimentation it wasfound that abase line ofone intencould beused in this manner andthe vision could still be fused by theaid ofoptical instruments.In other words, by sending apho-tographer up in an airplane to aheight of tenthousand feet, havinghim fly astraight course, take photo-graphs at regular intervals, then moveto the side for one thousand feetona parallel course and again take pho-tographs at regular intervals, theprints ofthese photographs couldbe

put in frames with mirrors at care-fully calculated angles so that thetwo views could be fused.This process has now been perfect-

ed sothat thetrained observer canget the height of anobject within amatter of inches. Awhite dot seemsto "float" inthe field ofvision. Thisdo t can bemoved bymeans of aknurled knob so itcan be placed onany lateral section of a photograph.Then it can seemingly beraised orlowered. Itcan be put atthe base ofa building and then "raised" to thetop of thebuilding. Consulting ascale onthe moving mechanism willgive one theactual height of thestructure.Now, some of the famous lost minesin the desert contain physical land-marks which could very easily be evaluated by asystem ofthis sort.For instance, quite a few of themines were worked at one time sothere would be atunnel, and infrontof the tunnel agraded ore dump.Where these mines were abandon-ed because ofIndian hostilities or theowners killed and the exact locationin doubt, stereophotography of thissort would show upthe contoursofthe mining dump despite thefactthat inthe course of ahundred years


19/44

or so the brush will have grown upto such an extent that the humaneye in ocular observation could notdetect the contours.The famous Lost Arch Mine is sup-posed to be marked by a very beauti-ful natural arch spanning a canyon.According to legend, the Lost ArchMine has been twice discovered andtwice lost.Boiled down to essentials, the LostArch Mine goes back almost a hun-dred years. Two prospectors, Crockerand Fish equipped with the compara-tive luxury of a buckboard and horses,were conducting a leisurely prospect-ing trip in the desert. The y had leftNevada and were working their wayto California.In the buckboard they hauled abarrel of water in addition to theiressential camping equipment, andfrom time to time the men would fill

their canteens from this barrel ofwater.One morning Fish tilted the barreland was astounded to find it was al-most empty. Investigation disclosedit had sprung a leak.A swift examination showed thatthere was barely enough left in thebarrel to make a half-canteen ofwater.These men were hardened pros-pectors. They knew what the mishapmeant. It was virtually the same as a

sentence of death. They had a hurriedconference and decided that it wouldprobably be impossible to get backto the Colorado River before dyingof thirst and as far as they knew, theColorado River was the nearest sourceof water.They discussed the fact that therecould well be some spring or at leastpotholes in the mountains a lot nearer than the Colorado. Th e onlytrouble was they didn't know any-thing about the topography of thecountry or where such sources ofwater might be found.After thinking things over, they de-cided to put in half a day exploringon foot, trying to find water. Th enthey would rendezvous back at thewagon. If they ha dn 't found w ater,they would then try making a dashfor the Colorado. This plan not onlygave them a chance of finding watercloser to camp and so spare themmaking the forced march to the river,but it meant that if they did have tomake that fearsome journey, they

could start in the cooler part of theday with the comparative coolness ofthe night ahead of them. Ploddingtheir way through the hot deep sand

S O M E C O N T R O V E R S Y E X I S TS A S T O W H E T H E R F I S H A N D H I S P A R T N E R H A D B E EN C A M P E DO N T H E T UR TL E M O U N T A I N S O R T H E O L D W O M A N R A N G E . T O F U R TH E R C O N F U S E T H E I SS U EG A R D N E R 'S E X P L O R A T I O N B Y H E L IC O P T ER R E V E A L ED A R C H ES I N B O T H O F T H E SE M O U N T A I N S .

in the intense heat of the day wouldbe suicidal. And, in any event, theirchances of reaching the Colorado wereslim and they knew it.It was therefore agreed that thepartners would separate, each searchfor water until noon, and then returnto cam p. If they had been unsuccess-ful they would then start their jour-ney to the river.Pursuant to this understanding, themen started out, Crocker taking acanyon on the left, Fish taking thecanyon to the right.Fish worked his way up a canyon

around huge granite boulders, someof them as big as a house.This water-washed canyon had beencaused by the torrential summercloudbursts which bring "flash floods"to the desert.The heat was intense and there wasno sign of water. Plodd ing h is wayup the canyon, Fish found the goingexceedingly difficult.He was never able to tell exactlyhow far he went. It is hard to esti-mate distances under such conditions,

but Fish did go until he was nearlyexhausted. He was, of course, tryingto cover just as much ground as pos-sible in the shortest period of time.

He found no water but just as hewas about to turn back, he noticed aplace where a natural arch bridgedthe canyon some distance ahead. Hedetermined to go as far as this archand then rest in the shade cast by it.Downhill progress would be muchswifter, and he could still get backto camp at the appointed time.So Fish forced himself on until hecame to this natural arch and thenflung himself down in the shade castby it.Th e grou nd was comparatively coolthere, and Fish, physically tired, men-tally apprehensive as he thought of

the race with death ahead, was tornwith emotion as he sucked in deeplungfuls of heated air.The sun, hitting the side of thecanyon walls and reflecting down, hadso heated the air that after exertionit was hard to get life-giving oxygenfrom it.It was then that Fish pushed hishands deep into the cool gravel, try-ing to relieve his throbbing wrists. Ashe did so he noticed something pe-culiar about the dirt.Scooping up a handful, he startedblowing away the lighter particles andfound that he had a whole palmfulof gold.


20/44

Tremendously excited, Fish startedpicking up handfuls of dirt, blowingaway the lighter portions, putting theheavier grains of gold in his pocket.Now, it is here the cautious or per-haps the skeptical observer begins toquestion the story. If enough waterduring periods of flood had been roar-ing down that canyon so that greatboulders could be dislodged andworn by water, why would alluvial

gold the size of wheat grains be onthe surface of the ground?Yet there they were, and the prooflies in the fact that Fish came backwith his pockets full of gold whichhe had secured in a short period oftime simply by blowing on light grav-el he had scooped up with his hands.He had no other means available.Is it possible that there was a veryrich deposit on the side of the can-yon just a short distance above whereFish had flung himself down in the

cool canyon to rest?As a prospector who knew some-thing about hunting for gold, Fishshould certainly have ascertainedwhere that gold came from. And avery short period of explorationwould have given him the answer.But Fish had pressed on to thefarthest limit of distance and endur-ance, and he was going tohave to hur-ry back down the canyon in order toreach his camp in time for the rendez-vous with his partner. He had picked

up gold and filled his pockets but hedidn't have any time to waste pros-pecting around.What about his pockets? Historydoesn't say.Under thecircumstances Fish wouldhardly have been wearing a coat, sothe probabilities are that in fillinghis pants pockets with gold he had arather limited supply.The day was hot and Fish was al-ready feeling the pangs of thirst, thefirst symptoms of the life-and-death

struggle that was to ensue. So he hur-ried back down the water course, andwas only a fewminutes late in joininghis partner at the camp.Fish told his partner about thegoldhe had found. They were rich!But you can't drink gold, and asthe two men realized in sober ap-praisal of the situation, their chancesof ever getting out alive were ratherslim.Under the circumstances it is com-pletely understandable that they

would concentrate their attention onthe best way of getting water, lighten-ing the vehicle as much as possible,making a "dash" for the Colorado.

So they started. And one can ap-preciate their mental condition, theirapprehension, their near-panic asthey started that long, almost hope-less journey.That near-panic isundoubtedly thereason they didn't pay too much at-tention to landmarks. At the mo-ment their chances of being alive longenough to try finding their waybackdidn't seem hopeful and they were

concentrating on reaching the life-giving water of the Colorado ratherthan finding their way back.The journey was a nightmare, thehorses begging for water, the men dy-ing of thirst with nowater to offer.At length, after interminable hoursof slogging through sand and heat,groping their way through darkness,the horses began to smell water. Theycalled on their reserve strength andstaggered to the banks of the Colo-rado River.The men fell into the cool waters,drinking sparingly at first, lettingtheir parched, tortured skins soak upthe refreshing fluid.Fish, who was in better shape afterthey had rested, took Crocker on to

Ehrenberg for medical treatment, butthe man died within a few days ofhis arrival.Fish spent several weeks, first re-cuperating and then getting ready tostart back for his fabulously rich golddeposit.He was, of course, indefinite aboutwhere the deposit was located, sim-ply that it was somewhere in the Old

Woman Mountains.The Old Woman Mountains is arough range of mountains, withboulder-strewn canyons, barren ridgesof rock, great slabs of upthrust gran-ite and in general a forbidding ap-pearance.Although it is quite possible thatFish made his story about the loca-tion of the gold deposit deliberatelyindefinite, or perhaps downright mis-leading, the fact is that Fish wentback to the Old Woman Mountains.He went back again and again andagain, but he was never able to findeven the camp from which they hadstarted, let alone the canyon with thenatural arch spanning it.So far, so good. This is one of thetypical stories of lost mines.

GARDNER AND JOE TEMPLETON SET UP C A M P IN THE OLD WOMAN MOUNTAINS .


21/44

When one begins to examine it witha skeptical eye there are several thingsabout it that are all but incompre-hensible, but the partners had thegold to prove their story.Alluvial gold with water-worn nug-gets the size of wheat grains furnishesevidence that simply can't be ignored,nor can one discount the fact thatFish spent all the money he was everable to get, and the rest of his life, in

a vain search for his mine, going backtime after time to the Old Womanrange of mountains.Now let's look at the second chap-ter of this fascinating story.Directly to the east of the Old Wo-man range of mountains, and just alittle to the south, lies a somewhatsmaller range, the Turtle Mountains.It must be remembered that thesedesert mountain ranges are very simi-lar in appearance. The mountainsrise up to a great height, consistinglargely of piles of rock covered hereand there with a thin layer of soilmade by decomposing rock and theremnants of vegetation of a bygoneage. There is just enough soil to furn-ish a foothold for cacti, greasewoodand sagebrush. The crests are jaggedand cruel and, even when they aresoftened somewhat by distance, ap-pear formidable and forbidding.Fish had made his discovery in1883. He spent the rest of his life ina vain search. By 1900 he was dead

and the Lost Arch Mine had becomeone of the legends of the West. Pros-pectors had searched for it, andsearched in vain.At the turn of the century a pros-pector named John Packer had beenout prospecting in the desert and hadexplored the terrain until he found itnecessary to head back to the city inorder to replenish his supplies.In those days, if a prospector wassuccessful he had enough gold to buyprovisions. If he hadn't been success-

ful he had to return to the settle-ments, work at a job, and save enoughmoney to get the few necessities re-quired to start on another prospect-ing trip.Packer hadn't been successful andwas headed north, toward Needles,where he planned to get a job thatwould enable him to build upanother "stake."He had made an early camp andhad a cheery fire blazing in the dusk,when he became aware that someonewas approaching.The man who came up to thecampfire explained that his name wasKohler, that he was a German nat-

uralist who had decided to come Westbecause of stories of riches to be hadfor the taking in the desert moun-tains.Packer invited Kohler to unroll hisblankets and spend the night withhim.They had a frugal supper and thensat talking, each prospector, after hisfruitless search, hungry for the soundof a human voice and the pleasureof companionship.Kohler was apologetic. As a nat-uralist he should have done better.He had found some very likely-look-ing prospects, some places that hewanted to develop and which hethought were going to become richmines, but he hadn't come on any al-luvial gold which would enable himto buy provisions. He , too, was goingto have to go to some settlement andwork to get a stake. He announcedthat he was headed for Amboy. Hehad learned there was plenty of em-ployment the re. It was a poin t onthe railroad where considerable lum-ber was being shipped for mining pur-poses and construction.So, in turn, each man gave a littlesummary of his prospecting trips, ofhis hopes and disappointments andplans for the future.They had about talked themselvesout. Th e fire had died to a bed ofbarely glowing embers, and the menwere preparing to turn in, when Koh-ler mentioned an incidental matterwhich had interested him as a nat-uralist.He had, he said, been on a mesawhich had a slope to the north, andfrom that point he had seen a naturalarch spanning a canyon. He saidthat he was very much interested inthe arch but, being primarily interest-ed in his prospecting, hadn't takenthe time to examine the arch closely.He wanted to do this sometime whenhe was on another trip with a littlemore time.It was quite apparent to Packerthat the German naturalist had neverheard of the Lost Arch Mine.Packer concealed his excitement,yawned a couple of times, stretched,took a stick, musingly stirred thecoals and then said, in effect, "Look,we've been thrown together by Fate.We're both of us going back to earn astake and then return to do someprospecting. It's pretty lonely pros-pecting by one's self. You have know-ledge as a naturalist and I have prac-tical experience as a prospector. Whydon't we go into partnership?"Kohler was pleased with the ideaand instantly accepted.

It was agreed that Kohler wouldgo to Amboy and get a job, that Pack-er would go to Needles and get a jobthere. They were then to meet at sun-flower Springs twenty days later.Packer got his job in Needles, savedhis money, got a stake, returned toSunflower Springs. But Kohler failedto show up. After waiting severaldays Packer became alarmed and wentto Amboy to try to find some trace

of his partner.He learned that Kohler had reach-ed Amboy and gotten a job unload-ing carloads of lumber, but on thethird day a pile of heavy timbers hadunexpectedly toppled over, trappingKohler beneath them them and kill-ing him.So the Lost Arch Mine becomesrather unique in history because ithas been twice found and twice lost.It wasn't until a few years ago thatI began to realize that time was slip-ping rapidly through my fingers andthat if I ever wanted to enjoy life,I was going to have to begin. It wasA lot later than I thought.By this time, getting any sort of avacation was tremendously complicat-ed and expensive. I had to keep inalmost daily touch with Hollywoodand whenever scripts were ready formy approval or suggestions I had tocharter airplanes which could deliverthem to me within a matter of hours,then rush my comments back to Hol-

lywood.I looked around to see if I couldn'tfind some really wild, almost unex-plored country where the roads wereso terrible the tourists hadn't trampl-ed it to death, yet where the air linedistance was short enough for a planeto get there from Hollywood.I had built up a fleet of four-wheel-drive vehicles by means of which 1could set up base camps in placeswhere there were nearby landingstrips. Using these vehicles which areequipped with special tires, powerwinches and able to carry largequantities of gasoline, water and pro-visions, we explored country no othermotorists had ever seen, and I wroteseveral books dealing with our ad-ventures.So it was only natural that whenI once more began to think of ex-ploring country close to home in thedesert regions of California, Arizonaand Nevada, and when, on one ofhis visits, )oe Templeton asked whyit wouldn't be possible to explore the

Turtle Mountains with helicopterand actually find the famous LostArch, the idea once more began togerminate. ///


22/44

In most current textbooksand other learned publicationsit is stated unequivocably thatprehistoric man first came tothe New World via Siberia anda Bering Strait land bridge.Slowly, but very surely, thistheory seems well on the waytoward being disproven.A recent news release from theSmithsonian Institution's Bu-reau of Ethnology might pre-lude a whole new outlook onearly man.Dr. Chester S. Chard, of theDepartment of Anthropology ofthe University of Wisconsin, indiscussing New World origins,recently declared, "We may dis-cern perhaps two basic earlymovements from two differentreservoirs (of human popula-tion) . T he initial movementwas from the Far East, along thePacific shore, bringing an in-dustrial tradition of choppers,bifaces and amorphous flakessome 40,000 years ago. Men ofMongoloid stock may have beenavailable this early or soonthereafter.

"It is conceivable that a sec-ondary movement came frominterior Siberia, traveling viathe Lena-Arctic coastal route,when the rou te would have beenfeasible, say about 25,000 yearsago."I think it more likely, how-ever," he continued, "that sucha secondary movement at thistime came again from the FarEast, along the Pacific Coast. Ido not think there is any basisfor postulating subsequent po-pulation movements until theappearance of the Arctic Mon-goloids, perhaps 5000 years ago.Even if some elements of earlyNew World culture did origin-ate in interior Siberia, this doesnot necessarily represent the ini-

tial settlement. We think toomuch in terms of Siberia, whichwas not the only possible source,or even for long periods, a pos-sible source at all; we need todevote equal a ttention to theFar East, a much older hearth ofhuman culture.Informa tion such as this, ofcourse, contributes to the excite-ment of archeological explora-tion in the Southwest UnitedStates and other areas along thePacific coast. The time draws

near when the American Indianmight finally discover just whoand what he really is! / / /

HO W EARLY WAS EARLY M A N ?

A LTHOUGH ARTIFACTS areoften popularly lumped to-gether as "arrowheads," thisblanket designation of primitiveman's projectile points and refinedimplements is a misnomer.Once the point-neophyte has pass-ed the "green excitement" stage ofcollecting, he assumes a state of ma-ture evaluation wherein he begins tocomprehend the vast field of archeo-logical knowledge that still confrontshim.As to the term "arrowheads," thebow and arrow first made its appear-ance in this country only a few hun-dred years ago. More important tothe study of early man in the NewWorld is the discovery of stone pro-jectile points and implements which

have been around for approximately30,000 years. Th in k of it30,000 yearsor more! And these known oldest arti-facts were only discovered in 1933 ina desert excavation site at a placecalled Tule Springs, near Las Vegas,Nevada.Archeologists have classified thosePaleo-Indian people who once livedon the eastern side of the Rockies asthe Paleo-eastern, and those who livedon the western side of the Rockies asthe Paleo-western. As big game hun-ters, the Paleo-eastern Indians pro-duced a different type of tool andprojectile from that used by theirwestern brothers, whose emphasis wasmore on food and seed gatheringtools used for grinding, scraping andchopping. In the west, projectilepoints were used primarily for smallgame or to discourage enemies.Artifacts fall into a number ofcategories, for there is a marked dif-ference as to workmanship, classifi-cation, and size although no onetribe used one particular type of pointexclusively. Desert sites usually pro-duce two major types, the refinedand the massive. The refined cate-gory consis

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