1984 Discussions for Cane Sugar

8/17/2019 1984 Discussions for Cane Sugar

1/132

D ISCU SSIONS

of the

984

CONFERENCE

of the

Australian Society

Sugar Cane Technologists

COPYRIGHT

WATSON FERGUSON AN D COMPANY

Brisbane Q


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OFFICERS FOR THE 1985 CONFERENCE

President:

V.

B. EGLINGTON

Vice Presidents:

P. N. STEWART

G.

P. JAMES

Hon.

Gmeml Secretary:

R. W . DORR

Hon. Assistant Secretary:

D . W . S M I T H

Amricultural Section:

Chairman: D. R. RIDGE

Secretary: N .

R.

MACLEAN

ManufacturingSection:

Chairman: L. K. KlRBY

Secretary: R.

J.

SWINDELLS

Administrative Section:

Chairman: K. A. S TU AR T

Secretary:D F. S M I T H

Publications Committee:

B. T. EG AN Chairman and Editor), J. R. ALLEN, P.

G.

ATHERTON, A.

G

HAYES,


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CONTENTS

S C H E D U L E

O

M E E T I N G S

Monday

30th

April

984

Morning General Meeting

Af ternoon M e e t i n g of Genera l Session

Tuesday st May 984

Mo rning Meeting of Ma nufac turing Session

Meeting of Agricultural Session

Afternoon Meeting of Ma nufa cturing Session


Wednesday 2nd May 984

Morning Meeting of M an uh ctu rin g Session


Afternoon A g r ic u lt u ra l delegates tour of the Babinda an d Innisfai l

districts. while Manufacturing and Administrative delegates visit

Go ondi Mill

Thursday

3rd

May 984

M o r ni ng M e e t i n g o f M an uf ac tu ri ng S ess io n

Afternoon Meeting of Man ufacturing Session

Friday 4th May

984

Mo rning Meeting of Ma nufa cturing Session

After noon General Meeting


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5/132

EG H EN ZA N I , J. R.

REI CH A RD . S . R . and F I TZM A U RI CE,

A. L.

RODGERS WILSON:

P.

J.

SADLER, R. . CARSON, P. and

RI G D EN , B..

SHERIDAN, N. R. , 'WHITE,

J. D.

and

THOMAS, A. H.

SMITH, N. J.. M C G U ~ R E , P. j ;

MACKSON, J. and HICKLING, R.

C.

Staff of BSES and DP I

TILLEY, L.

G. W.

TROIANI , E. and McLUCAS, G. N

WHITE, E. T. and HERTL E, C. K .

WOOD, A.

W..

MacLEAN. N. R. and

STEWA RT, R. L.

W RI G H T,

P.

G .

YOUN G, R. C. and TEA SDA LE, A . R . .

No rthern Poo r Ro ot Syndrome-its profile distri-

bution and the effects of temperature and

fallowing

The detection of sugar crystals in C-molasses

The use of huckbolt fasteners in sugar tramway

track joints-a test re po rt. .

A rotating biological contactor for treatment of

suga r mill wastes

Purchasi g boiler plan t for suga r mills

Gree n ca ne harvesting-a review with partic ular

reference to th e Mulgrave mill area

A review of results of trials with trash manage-

ent for soil conservation..

Investigations into the chemical control of milk-

weed Euph orbia heterophylla L.) growing in

cane fields in the Bundaberg district

Milling train control at Fairym ead.

Mixing of high viscosity materials with thinning

fluids

The effects of water levels and ~o i l 'p ro ~e r t ie sn

sugar can e yields in the Herbert Valley..

Characteristics of conductivity transducers for

pan control

Cane d if fusion cont ro l 'a t ~ a j r y n e a d


6/132

A

cmplete li s t of Life N l Associate Suppr t ing

and

Overseas Members of the

Society i s given helm. The rams of those present nd the mqxnies nd

organisations represented at

Conference

are indicated wit an asterisk *) .

Sectional

Membership i s designated as follcws-Agricultural-AG., PdministrativeAD.

Manufacturing-MA.

EXNE,

E.R . BRISBANE D JE NK IN S, G.H. BRISBANE,MA

m,

.G. MARYBORCUGHaMA RR, H.W. Dr. BRISBANE,MA

C Z A m , J.L. BRISBANE,MA VALlANCE, L.G. SOVMPORT,AG

*FOST ER, D.H. MACXAY,MA 1a DLE LL . C.W. BRISBANE, AG

HECK, F.I.J. BEEN LEIGH ,AD

-E

L .J . M.B.E. PAIM

BEACH,AD

-S

C.G.

BRISBANE G iJRIGHT B.L.

MA(XAY,MA

*JACKLIN, G.D. LEST MCKAY,MA

ABEYDEERA, W

P.

ALLAN

D.A.

AILUAY, R.A.

* U N , . R .

AL I E N, P . J .

* M E T , P . J .

ANCEFSEN, N.W.

ANDEILSON, C.N.

*A'IHERMN, P.G.

A'IKINS, P.C.

BAGSER,

D F

*BARBAT, J.A.

BAAWES, N.H.

BATES, L .

*BEAIE,

R.F.

B M.F.

=-R R.H.

*BI(XIE, R.E.

BIACK, 1J.A.

B J . D . Dr.

BO BB E M I N, B .C .

BoYmN,

K.

*BRAIN, L.R.

*ERoADFOOT, R.

*BFKIEBRMN, G.A.

BULL, R. McL.

B Y R E , B . J .

C P M E m C.D.

CMEFCN, J .M .

CAMELIA, J .

U-JAN(ELLOE,

A.H.

CHAFMAN L . S .

CHAPMAN

W.J.

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G I W , MA

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*OXlKE, B.J .

*CF JFORD, C.M.

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G E E S , O.L.

* c R m l w E R , K.\?.

*a[lLLEN, R.N.

DAVIS, C.\J.

QEICXE, R.

EmY, R.I .

DIBEILA, P .J .

DICK, R.G.

I=, W.D.

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DYNE, G.D.

DYNE, R.A.

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EGAN, B.T.

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*FITZMAURICE, A.L.

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*FROST, G . I .

*FROST, M.B.

*FUELLING, T .

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7/132

GOTIHARD

D.

GRAVES, C.R.

GREENC.XXID, 1J.A.

*GIU3IG, C.R.

GRIMLEY, S.C.

W,

.J.

HANSEN,

G.B.

W M A V E S , D .J .

HPln]EN

J .V.

HAYES, A.G.

-

B.J .

HENtETzsoN,

C.S.

*HENDRY, J . E .

Dr.

HENKEL, C.R.

I l E R I T A a , G . J .

HI-G, R.C.

H I D I , P .

*HIMIa) X,

B.E.

HaiARlE, D.M.

OMBLCkJ, E.L.

*HoRSIEY, D.R.

HUW,

K.G.

HLNT,

J.M.

m .P.

IHIMIINS, R.W.

I N K E W , P.

IVIN, P.C.

IZATT, L.K.

JABS, F.A.C.

JWS,

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JWS,

R.A.

JEM(INS, D.M.

*JENEEN, E.D.

JOI4lSON, R.N.

JOHNSON,

U.

* JWS , K.C.

*JOKXNEEN,

G.M.

*KAIJF'PILA,

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KEW

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KIDD, D.L.

K I L U E N , J . C .

KING, J .H.

KINGSIDN,

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WJENC33,

P . J .

IECGER, P.E.

IEVERINQIW,

K.C.

W .W.

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LINEDALE, A.I.

LLXAN, J.T.

LCXNING,

F.M.

LUXFORD, R.W.

*McCCUGW, E.E.

*McEAaimN,

B.

Mcl;INN, J . A .

MCGRATH,

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C E I A m D NSW, M

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G.N.

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-SON J . V .

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W S S I T E R , G.M.

WLFORD, B .J .

-R K.F.

*MILIETP,

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MITEELL, G.E.

MITCHELL, P . J .

MOIR, M.

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NOAKES, R.J.

NOBIE, A.G.

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W

O'NEILL, J .H.

PADW(X, D.R.

P m ,

A.F.

PAFSCNS, D.H.

*PATCH.

G.

PEARCE,

R.K.

*PEAlEY, K.J.

PE?ERSEN, A. J

PINKNEY, A. J.

P W R , M.R.

POINTING,

E.M.

m m R ,

R.

PRICE, D.J .

PRICE, R.A.

*PWXIE, B.G.

PUKALLUS, G.F.

QUINAN,

P.B.

J .R.

*IU3I(HARD, S.R.

RICHARCG, G. Prof

RIDDELL, J.W.

*RICDELL, L.J.

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8/132

ROACH, B.T. MAaQWE

KSE LER , A.K. l3NllVZ RG 1 M

RVIHEREORD B. J . BUNDABERG, AD

m,

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RYERSON, D.E. SYMWY, NS27,MA

SAILWAY, P1 M WRALD,

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SPJlYER, G. BRISBANE,

MA

SHANN,

D.S.

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SHEPHERD, E.E . M (X AY , MA

SHERIDAN, N.R. B R I S W , MA

SHIELD, A.W. BRISBAN E, AD

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MACIWCE,

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SIMPSCN, C.F. ~ ~ R G ,A

SKINNER, J.C.

Dr.

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SKYRING, A.G. BR ISE W E,

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9/132

*COOPER, R.F.

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R.F.

STA IES SU ;AR OORPORATION

UPAIHIAYA, U.C.

USIN AUJCAREIRA

ESlER

S . A .

VIGIL

A.

iUPADAPISUT, A.

FLI FEmL Z RPEm

IMlIA

MExIa

INDCNESIA

HAILAND

FRICA

muln

AFRICA

ii ST I MlI ES

mm

INDIA

i W

INDIA

INDIA

WrnILAND

INDIA

AFamrINA

U. S . A .

U . S . A .

BRAZIL

U . S . A .

IHAILAM,

BRAZIL


16/132

Held at

Cairn £ran

30th

April

t

t h May 984

THE

PRESIDENT,

r P N

Stewart, extended a welcome

to

the members,

delegates

and

vi si to rs attendinq t hi s conference of th e Society. He especiall y

welcomed

Alderman

R P

Davis, Mayor of Cairns and

r R J

Batterham, Assistant

Di re ct or , Divi sion of Hineral Enaineering, C.S.I.R.O., Melbourne

THE

PRESIDENT a l s o welcuned the v i s i t o r s from

Japan

F i j i

and

th e United

States.

r Stewart then invi ted Al de mn Davis to w e l w the d elegates and

v is i to r s .

Alderman

R E

Davis then welccmed the delegates and visitors to Cairns

and

i n

so

doing concluded by expressing the wish that the conference nd the v i s i t

be

a

f r u i t f u l

and

h a m one.

IliE JUNIOR VICE-PRESIDENT, r V G Eglington, thanked Alderman Davis for

h i s kind words of welcome

nd

t h i s was carr ied by acclamation.

THE PRESIDENT then invited r R J Batterham

to

open the conference.

r Batterhan in his openinq address said

President, Ladies and Gentlemen,

t is

a pleasure nd honour

to

be here tcday

to

open t hi s , the s i xt h annual

conference of th e Austr alia n Soci ety of Sugar Cane Technolosists. As an ac t ive

mr ke r i n mill ing technology some years

30

ut

m e

recently, having an involvement

i n

the Australian mineral industry, would l i ke

to

share with you

s me

thouohts

on

th e achievements of both of these ind ust rie s, th e pressu res and challenges

th y ow

face, nd t he ~ o s s i b l e olut ions

to s ~ n

f the challenges.

t is

i ppropr iate a t th is conference t o concentra te on the s y a r id us t r y ,

bu t ask your indulgence

to

mention minerals, as the recurr ing them in t h i s t a l k

w i l l

be

the necessity

to

expand our horizons t o meet th e ex ist in g challenges.

m l d l i k e t o h i ah li ~r ht o r

you

h a l l e w e s t o t h e i d u s t r y ar i s ing f m

sources : overse as governments, our ow government,

nd

socie ty as a whole


17/132

The

Sugar and

the Mineral industries have much in m n .

They

are

both

industries that survive on exports, exporting of order 3 4 of their total production

and

doing

so

at a time of depressed world markets

and

depressed prices.

Despite s me

fashionable rhetoric

to

the contrary, the standard of liviq in Australia will be

determined by our level of exports for a long time to

came.

Ib

survive in

an

export market t w factors have

to

be right: price

and

quality. In the minerals industry, in e.g.

iron ore, almina, lead

and

others;

Australia has survived by producing ores or concentrates of the highest quality and,

with the large tonnages involved and the use of the latest techmlqy, has kept the

cost of production low enough

to be

competitive.

The sugar industry also has

achieved the same result. For the two industries, there are right and proper

environmental pressures

on

production e.g. minimizing enviromntal disturbance in

e.g. mining or in growing ard harvesting, or dust

an3

noise control in production.

Then, there are increasing requirements

on

product quality, e.g. inpurity levels in

the final product.

All

of these pressures wntrive to squeeze the costs of

production upwards and destroy the profitability. With both industries, the solution

has ben to maintain cur national wsition

by

developing and employinq some of the

most advanced technology in the world.

oth

our sugar industry a d our minerals

industry are internationally held in high repute for the level of their technolqry.

There is need here

to

rehearse the list of significant achievements although it

might

x

salutory

to

check if the rate of discovery

and

inplementation of new

techlogy in both industries is falling off. We

knew

frcm the recent

OE D

survey,

that Australia

s

a whole canpares poorly with other OE D countries in terms of

R. D.

expenditure cm

a

per capita basis. Ib maintain our competitiveness, we must in

the future, as in the past, be technical innovators.

Let me return to the topic of market price.

Again sugar and minerals are

very close. While we have a large degree of control over the cost of production, we

have much less inpact

on

the price paid by our overseas custaners. We live in a

world where

som

countries, both frcm Europe

and

fran

the

developing countries, will

subsidize exports almost irrespective of the local cost of production. This is done

of course to balance their trade deficits, particularly to mat the outflow of funds

for oil prcducts /or the servicing of debts.

Because of the nominal,

international agreements

on

marketing of products, the form of the subsidy can often

be rather devious.

It can

be

aiven to the manufacturers or producers in a variety of

ways.

More insidiously, it can be hidden in subsidies on overseas transport costs.

With all the debate on tariff protection for the local car industry and

support for the local steel irdustry, I uwder if

we

should also

be

supporting more strongly the sugar

and the

mineral industries. Ihey have a proven

record

of technoloqical innovation and excellence, and also that greatest of

Australian resources:- brainpwer. Given that other countries resort

to

underhand

support of their export industries, why shouldn't

we

also support our industries with

proven abilities?

Let us

mv

f m

he challenges imposed by external governments

to

thcee


18/132


19/132

-

The

100

M

provided

by

the Japanese government to

14

firms in the

chemical industry for research in recombinant

DNA,

bio-reactor developnt and large

culture cell qrowth.

In sm ary, many of the OE D countries are showing a marked similarity in

the new technologies chosen for special attention, viz. information technology,

advanced material and biotechnology. Further, they are pourina massive effort into

Research Developnent in these areas.

In view of such expenditure, what hope has

Australia then?

Should

we

also p ur mney into the sane areas? Given the relatively

small size of Australia's

R. D.

efforts, h m can

we

hope to develcp internationally

q t i t i v e skill based products in microelectronics, information technology

and

biotechnology

o

a time scale that will have a major economic impact?

It seems to

me

that a pragmatic approach is required.

Given the

international competition, it muld be unwise to put all of our government and

industry support into the new technologies basket.

What we have in Australia is a set of resource based industries that are

major ocmpetitors on the international scene, e.o. the sugar and the minerals

industry. These industies have strong marketing capabilities, stong science and

technology supprt

and an

excellent track record of implementation of developnts in

science and technology. What we need to further develop is skill based industries,

to upgrade our exports as far as possible,

to

sell internationally the technology

involved

in

their production and upgrading.

k

need to produce novel products and

equipllent which are usecl initially to reduce local costs of production or improve

product quality. They can then

be

sold internationally in their own right. One sees

q l e vidence in conferences such

as

this that Australian industries can develop

products

ard

equipoent second to none. (Going back to few years, one could

mechanical cane harvesting as an example.)

s

yet

we

do not see enough evidence of

such products being sold

on

international markets with significant returns

to

Australian industry.

third arena challenging the basis of both our sugar and our minerals

industry is that of mnmunity beliefs. It is not appropriate here

to

discuss the

trend in Western societies against the mining and extraction of non-renewable

resources or the mr e heated issue of uranium

and

nuclear p e r . The suqar industry

itself is under attack on the basis that sugar is inherently bad.

A recent letter in

a

consumer magazine s m r i z e d the point

by

saying that

the reader bught a product as unadulterated only to find, later, that sucrose had

been added. The Cairns resident who wrote the letter clearly felt that adding suqar

w s

adulterating a product. Such cpinions are m r e in the nature of beliefs and to

argue against then on rational ground is pointless.

Ib

point out the purity of

sucrose, its natural origins, etc. will have little impact. The thino in

a r m n

between missionaries and managers both missionaries

and

those versed in the

techniques of conflict management

know

full well rational arguments hold little

sway against deeply held convictions. The solution here is positive and pervading

promotion of the products concerned, their benefits,

and

their sensible use.


20/132

So

far we have concentrated on som of the governmental and societal

pressures on the sugar industry and on pssihle responses.

would like ow to focus

on defining the role of the ASSCT A few years ago, to reflect changes in the

structure of the membership, the Queensland Society of Sugar Cane Technologists

became the Australian Society of Sugar Cane ~chnolcgists. wonder

how

long it will

be before another name change is in order? You are, in fad, in several businesses.

First and indisputably, the production of sucrose £ran cane sugar. Given the prime

use of sucrose as a sweetener, would the industry be better defined as the production

of sweeteners? n i s would

then

allm you to embrace the technique of iso-glucose

production from corn syrup using enzyme technology rather than facing iso-glucose

as

a captitor.

In the same vein, why

do

we still need to restrict mills

nd

refineries to be separate entities?

Such views may a p a r heretical but, I suggest, that the pressures have

outline3 will force the industry to embrace such expansion of horizons.

b develop the argument a little further, you may care to consider that you

are already in the business of producing spciality crops.

As such, what other

exotic crops could be grown

?he production of b i m s as been considered in the

past

and

should be regularly reviewed as the econanic circumstances change. 'Ihe

integration of cropping, milling and production of animal feed should

be

considered.

Another idea for discussion is that the

members

of the ASSCT are in the

chemical manufacturing industry. Not only a very plre chemical, hut a carbnaceous

ompound and one based on a renewable resource at that What chemical feedstocks can

sqars be used for? There is then the whole topic of sucrochemistry with, e.q. the

production of detergents. At today's prices, sugar is almost a fermentation

feedstock.

The use of hi-products has often been assessed in the past, e.g. bagasse

for paper production.

Such topics should

be

continously reviewed as economic

conditions change.

While on the topic of bagasse, it

s ms

most inappropriate that

CO-generation only extends as far s local mill use and that excess bagasse is still

incinerated.

I

the milling side, one could highlight the expertise available in the

chemical engineering unit operation of crystallization. Few industries have such a

wealth of experience in the design, construction, operation

and

control of

crystallizers.

I refer of course to the equipnent used in both the "boiling" and the

massecuite exhaustion stages.

l

the chemical engineer they are ev-rative

and

cooled

crystallizers respctively.

Can

this expertise be applied in other areas;

e.g. in the purification of products produced by biotechmlcgy?

Again one could emphasize the expertise you have in clarifier design and

operation.

In a similar vein, one would expect applications in waste treatment and

bio-mass processing.


21/132

Expandirq our horizons is appropriate for more than just the products or

their

means

of production. Corprate structures and objectives are also candidates

for lateral

and

qprtunistic thinking.

s

a technolqist,

I

shall not even attempt

a cmnent

on

the covrate structures seen in the sugar industry. I would however

like

to

introduce

to

you the current Chinese d e l f a corporation.

On

a recent visit to China, had the opportunity to observe the operation

of s me large iron

and

steel corporation. Also .................. under the current

mdernization programme, Corporations are required to produce a certain auota and

sell this quota

to

the government at

an agreed

price.

I

leave

you to

draw your

own

analogies with the sugar quota. The Corporations are expected to keep their

requirements for services and m a n m r pegged at predetermined levels.

Now if the

corporations are able to produce m r e than their quota, e.q. by employing the latest

technology, then the excess production can be sold at a price the market will bear

a d the nett proceeds used to finace m r e equipnent purchases,

ay

dividends to the

workers or invest in other businesses.

Given the requirement that all of the workers

must

be

kept in full employment, the investments can be in other industries that

genereate employment. m e steelwrks near Beijing have been particularly successful1

in this regard.

With their proceeds from over quota production they have invested in

over 80 plant improvements involving foreign suppliers, thereby ensuring better

productivity

and

wrking environments.

s well, the corporation has set up a

production line cooking Peking ducks for the Eleijing restaurateurs. Even m r e

spectacular are their plans for an International Class Hotel in Eleijing. ?his will

create further opportunities for employment, a pint of relevance

to

the workers who

can

no

longer e directly employed due to the introduction of the high technoloqy

projects.

Having highlighted so of the pressures on the industry and thrown out a

few

challenges

on

how the industry might respond to the pressures, let

me

rehearse a list of what I see as the four most important advantages shared by the

Australian Sugar Industry.

You have a large pool of brainpower of international calibre, a fact

proven by the long string of inventions and innovations.

Secondly, the industry has

an

innovative flair.

I

can rememher well

first joining the industry in the early 70's when

you

were amngst the first in

Australia

to

introdue advanced canputer control and mathematical mdellirq and

certainly well ahead of the wrld sugar industry.

It is to be hoped that this

ability

to

develop a d ccnnnercialize inventions within the industry can x extended

toth nationally and internationally.

It might well

become

an economic cornerstone of

the industry.

Ihirdly, your past

and

present comnitmnt to new technology is

evidenced by the proceedings of the SSCT with their admirable mix of basic and

applied resear

and

industrial application.

Finally there is a derronstrable involvement

by

the industry in


22/132

r e s e a r c h .

I r e f e r n o t o n l y t o t h e e x t e n s i v e work u n d e rt a ke n by t h e B ure au o f S w a r

E x pe ri m en t S t a t i o n s , t h e S u g a r R e s ea r ch I n s t i t u t e , t h e U n i v e r s i t i e s a nd CSIRO, b u t

a l s o t o t he a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e

m l l s

and i r d i v i d u a l c o m p a n i e s .

T h is l a s t p o i n t is c r i t i c a l .

To s u r v i v e , t h e i n d u s t r y mu st n o t o n l y e xp an d

i t s

h o r i z o n s , b u t

i t

m us t m a in t a in i ts ccmunitment to r e s e a r c h and d e v e l o p w n t . T h a t

m n n i t m e n t

mst

r a n ge a c r o s s t h e w ho le s p ec tr um f ro m b a s i c , s t r a t e g i c

d

a c t i c a l .

B a s i c r e s e a r c h is u n r e la t e d t o d ay to day problems and a ims mainly to

i n c r e a s e o u r k no wle dq e b a s e . W h il e t h e r e s u l t s c an a p p ea r to

be

o f l i t t l e d i r e c t

a p p l i c a t i o n , t is from t h e b a s i c r e s e a r c h t h a t r a d i c a l i n n o va t io n s e m e v e b o t h t o

s t a r t o f f new i n d u s t r i e s o r t o r e ju v e n a te o l d i n d u s t r i e s .

In t ime of economic

p r e s s u r e , b a s i c r e s ea r c h is o f t e n on e o f t h e f i r s t c an d id a te s f o r c o s t s a v i m s :

a

t e nd e n cy t h a t m u st be r e s i s t e d s t r o n g l y g i v e n t h e m as siv e i m pa ct t h a t r a d i c a l

innova t ion can have

on

an i d u s t r y .

S t r a t q i c r e s e a r d e s c r i b e s much o f t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e B ureau o f Su ga r

E xp eri me nt S t a t i o n s an d t h e S uq a r R e s e ar c h I n s t i t u t e . Such i n d u s t r i a l , m i s s io n

o r i e n t e d r e s e a r c h k e e p s t h e i n d u s t r y a b r e a s t o f t ec h no lo g y i n many f i e l d s , h e l p s c u t

t h e c o s t s of p r o d u ct io n a d im prove c om p e t it iv e n e ss and f a c i l i t a t e s t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n

of new d p p r o p r i a t e t e c h n o l o g i e s .

T h e r e t u r n s a r e

mre

t an q ib l e t h an f o r b s i c

r e s e a r c h b u t g e n e r a l l y , l e s s s p e c t a c u l a r .

A g ai n, t h e p r e s s u r e s to cut down on

s t r a t e g i c r e s e a r c h i n t im e s o f eco nom ic d a m t u r n m ust b e r e s i s t e d s t r o n g l y .

T a c t i c a l r e s e a r c h c o n c er n s t h e s o l u t i o n o f m ore i n m e di a te p ro b le m s w i t h

d i r e c t

and

obvious payback.

A s s u c h , e c o no m ic p r e s s u r e s h a v e l e s s i m p a ct o n t h e

l e v e l o f t a c t i c a l r e s e a r c h u n d er ta k en i n a n i n d u s tr y .

S o l v i n g d a y t o d a y pr ob le m s i n

i n d u s t r y is o f t e n f r o w n e d o n by

som

r e s ea r c h er s , b u t t a c t i c a l r e se a r c h is o f g r e a t

im por tance . 'Phe ecnncm ic d v an ta g e s a r e obv ious

but

the

o t h e r a d v a n tm e

is

t h a t

it

p r o v i d e s a fe e d ba c k o f i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e r e l e v a n c e o f p rd s le m s . I n s h o r t , i t

p r o v i d e s a c a ra n u ni c at io n s b r i d g e b e tw e en t h e b a s i c and s t r a t e g i c r e se ar ch w r k e r nd

t h e end u s e r o f t h e r e se a r c h r e s u l t s .

My s t r o n g p l e a

is

t h a t d e s p i t e t h e c u r r e n t e co no mic p ro b le m s f a c ed by t h e

i n d u s t r y , you s h o ul d m a i n t a i n y o u r he av y i n vo l ve m e n t i n r e s e a r c h nd d ev el o pr e nt a d

t h a t s uc h r e s e a r c h be s p r e a c l r e a s o n a b l y a c r o s s a l l t h r e e f i e l d s ; b a s i c , s t r a t e g i c and

t a c t i c a l .

For f i n a l t op ic , how is t h e r e s e a r c h p r o f i l e s h a p i ng up.

O ve r t h e y e a r s ,

t h e P roceed ings o f t h e ASSCT an3 t h e

QSS T

b e f o r e

i t

p r o v i d e

an

e x c e l l e n t w i n d c w o n

t h e l e v e l of r e se a rc h a c t i v i t i e s

and

t h e i r s p r e d throu gh t h e a re a s: b a s i c , s t r a t e q i c

nd t a c t i c a l .

I h a v e lo o k e d a t a few recent proceedings and made a compar ison wi th

t h o s e o f t h e e a r l y 7 0 ' s when I f i r s t jo in ed t h e i r d u s t r y .

T he p e r s p e c t i v e o f a n a d d i t i o n a l

1

y ea rs has no t c h q e d

my

v i e w t h a t t h e

ind us t ry w as then , and

to

a l a r g e e x t e n t s t i l l

is

o n e o f t h e

mst

t e c h n i c a l l y a c t i v e

i n d u s t r i e s i n A u s t r a l ia . mere w ere t h e n a c t i v e d e b a t e s o n t h e same d e t a i l e d

q u e s t i o n s t h a t t h e N o r th A me ric an and European chem ica l i nd u s t r i e s w ere a sk in g , e .g .

c e n t r a l i z e d o r d i s t r i b u t e d c a np u te r c o n tr o l ; d e t e r m i n i s t i c o r s t o c h a s t i c p r o c es s

I rd l e l s . me s u g a r i n d u s t r y w as v e r y much a t t h e sam e l e v e l as t h e o v e r s e a s c h em i ca l

i n d u s t r i e s .


23/132

s t he i rdus t ry

s t i l l

a s vibr an t? F rom th e ASSCT proceedings

w e

can

note

t h a t t h e r e

i s s t i l l

a wide range of a ct iv i t ie s , frun agric ul t ura l and harvest ing

problems through t r a n s p r t problems

and

a l l aspects of mi l l ing ncl product

u t i l i z a t i o n

d

disposal . fea tur es however di s t ur b me a l i t t l e . Fir s t ly , the

re l a t i ve e f f o r t on basi c , s t r a t eg i c

nd

tact ical seems to have sh i t e3 s l i gh t l y

tm a r ds the ta c t ic a l end. While understandable a t t imes of economic unce rta inti es,

as al ready discussed,

t is

a ri sk y lonq term trend. Semnrlly, ther e

re

many

ar t i c l e s tha t echo sent iments of

s ne

years ago, pa rt ic ula rl y in e.g. the ccmputer

control area. wonder i f th e pr of i l e of our averaae technologis t

is

becoming more

conservative? Aqain,

a s already discussed, t imes of econcmic uncertainty d m r d th e

highest level of innovation.

This opening address has touched on th e pressur es on the su gar i ndu str y and

th e way such press ures could

be

countered by expanding the technolccjical and

corporate horizons. May conclude by saying th at of a l l in du str ie s i n Aus tral ia,

the sugar indus try has been one of th e be st a t demonstrating

its

a b i l i t y

to

change.

You wi l l need to maintain and nurture t h is ab i l i t y .

You have

an

excel l ent inf ras tru ctu re f or research an3 developnent, and t he

murage and mnvict i on t o car ry res u l t s in t o pract ice . therefore l eave you t o your

poor ro ot syndrome, green harv esti ng, cane tr an spo rt and

a

host of topics on mil l ing.

d e cl a re t h i s ,

th e 1984 Conference of th e Austr alia n Soci ety o f Sugar Cane

Technologists, open, and wish you a l l well in your discussions.

A t

th e request of th e President, th e Senior Vice-President,

M W J

Nicholson, moved a vot e of thanks t o

r

Batterham. This m ti o n was carri ed

by

acclamation.

The President then presented Dr Batterhaan with

a

bund copy of the

Proceedings as a personal wmentc of the occasion.

TH PRESIDENT, M r P.N. Stewart, t hen presented hi s addr ess

f e e l t h a t from n w on, t h e name of t h e g m

s

goirq

to

be Cane versus

Grain.

CUr suga r i ndu str y has f aced many cha lle nqe rs, and has had

i t s

ups

nd

downs

dur ing t he l a s t t h i r t y yea rs .

ur

ind ust ry underwent

i ts

gre ate s t expans ion af te r

th e s iqninq of the m i r e o r Camonwealth Sugar Agreemnt on 21st December,

1951.

I n

addi t ion

to

t h i s agreement, an Inte rna tio na l Sugar Agreement came in t o for ce on th e

1 s t January, 1954

nd

these two agreements created

oom

condi t ions durinq t he ear ly

1950 s.

Rut a s usu ally happens with su gar

booms

they

do

not l a s t lonq and

by

t h e

end of th e 1950 s sugar production was limited

to

s q a r peaks.


24/132

World events influence sugar production nd hence sugar pric es. Pa rt of

the oom in the e ar l y 1950 s w a s due

to

the fears generated

by

t h e s t a r t o f t h e

Korean war i n 1950,

arid the slump i n t he l a t e 1950 s t the Castro takeover i n Cuba.

I t was Cuba who caused th e breakdown i n the ne got iat ion of a new Int er na ti on al Sugar

Pgreement, a f t e r t he 1954 agreement expire d, but when Cuba st ar te d sending sugar to

USSR i n st ead o f USA, th e b a l l g m changed and we were able

to

supply sugar to t h e

US under t h e i r quota system.

This

gave a big boost i n th e ear ly 1960 s. In

addition,

we

s ta r ted se l l ing sugar

to

Japan.

n

agreement was signed with Japan

during May, 1963 which enabled us t o supply Japan wi th between a t l e a s t 350,000 to

450,000 to ns of JA sugar

per

year fo r a three year ~ e r i o d ran July, 1964 un ti l June,

1967.

These tw new ou t l e t s prompted a big

junp

i n production i n 1962

nd

a Sugar

Inquiry C m i t t e e looked i nt o th e question of expansion and th ei r recamendations

were accepted by t he Queensland S t a t e Government l a t e i n 1963; 1963 was th e ye ar o f

top price for sugar.

Rut horr or of horr ors , the good times did not last.

TKI years

of drought during 1964 and 1965 followed by low pr ic es i n 1966 and 1967 c h q e d t he

industry from one of

ocm

to

~ lm

oney h d

to

be

borrowed fran th e C mn w e a lt h

Government

to

augment the low sugar price.

I t was during this grim period that a new International Sugar Agreement was

negotiated and it m nt o ef fe ct on the 1 s t January, 1969 and it was for

a

f i v e

year period.

t t h i s

t h e

t h e United Kingdan made an oth er a tte mpt to jo in the

European Economic Community and was accepted during 1971.

The acceptance of the

United Kingdom i n t o th e EEC s p e l t t h e end of th e B ri t i sh Cmmnwealth Sugar Agreement

which terminated a t t he end of 1974. During 1974 more sug ar was t o be sold to Japan,

t h i s time a t an agreed pri ce, ra th er than the London Daily Price.

The agreement was

t o s e l l t hree million tons of sugar between 1975 nd 1979. However, t h i s agreement

ran in to a l l s o r ts o f in te res t ing hass les a s the fo r tunes of our indust ry once aga in

swung £ran good

to

bad.

e

were to learn that the Japanese ways are not our ways,

b u t a f t e r mch horse t rad ing t h i s agreement was extended un t i l 1980.

1974 was the

oom

year;

on t h e 21 st Novenber, 1974 th e London Dai ly P ri ce

reached E650 per ton, a pr ic e never t o be repeated. Ibis high price spelt the end of

the [Jnited St at es Sugar c t a t the end of 1974. I t was durinq t h i s year of oom t h a t

Hiqh Fructose Corn Syrup f i r s t made its presence f e l t , when il lio n tons of High

Fructose Corn Syrup was produced y the corn refining industry.

s

mentioned previ ously, th e good t imes i n sugar do not l a s t long.

?he

high of 1974 was followed

by

low years of limited acquisition during 1978

and

1979.

Another In te rn at io na l Sugar Agreement was nego ti ata ted and

i t

came int o eff ec t on 1 s t

January, 1978 for a period of fi ve years un ti l the end of 1982.

This has naw been

extended un ti l t he end of t h i s year (1984).

Under t h i s agreement

w e

held sugar in

stock durinq 1978 and

1979, then released it for sa le during the sh o r t oom of 1980.

Au st ra li a signed Long Term Co nt ract s with China, Korea, Malaysia, Singapo re nd

New

Zealard during th i s period i n an attempt to iron out

so

of the swings i n the sugar

industry.


25/132

Also

during t h i s peri od, High Rructose Corn Syrup kept making inroad s i nt o

the tradit ional crystal sugar market.

r Sinclair , th e Australia Minis ter f or

Primary Ind ust ri es, said a t th e opening of the Annual Conference fo r th e Austr alia n

Sugar Producers Assn td on 221x3 March, 1976, tha t the manufacture of high f ruc tos e

mrn syrups could p s e a se riou s problem fo r th e sugar indust ry i n th e next few

years. A s present indications were t h a t by the end of the decade, on quarter of th e

sweetening used i n s of t drink s i n th e United St at es could

be

frcan t h i s source .

S i r Joseph McAvoy,

as

Presi dent of th e Australia n Cane Gravers' Council,

when givi ng hi s review of th e 1981 season sai d Sugar pr ic es ar e li ke ly to remain

depressed under the influe nce of increa sing world sugar sto cks and the inroads of

High Fructose Corn Syrup .

Hiqh Fructose Corn Syrup

is made by

converting sta rch in to dextrose and

fructose.

Kirmhoff i n 1811 discovered th at sta rch could be turned

i n t o something

sweet

when tr ea te d with aci d, but this product was not as sweet

as

sucrose.

However,

t

did add tmdy, sweetness anC tex ture

to

products,

and

because they

are

hygroscopic,

hold moisture well.

is

syrup

is

used in ic e cr em , confec tione ry, canned foods and

baked goods.

Following the discovery of the enzyme glucose i m r a s e i n the l a t e 1960's

i t became possible to convert dextr ose to fructose and thus produce a syrup similar

in corrposition

to

honey,

so

today su crose may be rep laced

by

a starch-based sweetener

fo r pract ica l l y a l l appl ica t ions except where cr ys ta l l i n i t y of the sucrose

i s

needed. The conversion of st ar ch

to

a dextrose/fructose syrup involves th ree

enzymatic step s: f i r s t , liqu efac tion where the star ch is gelatinized and broken own

to dextr ins by

means

of alpha-anylase; second, sac ch ar if ic at io n, i n which th e

dextrins are further hydrolysed

to

dextrose by means of an amylqlucosidase, a d

thi rd , isomerization i n which par t of th e dextrose

is

converted

to

l ev t~ lose

y

means

of glucose isomerase.

This enzyme is inmobil ized i n a form which makes

t

well

suited for a continuous process with the enzyme in a packed

I ed

column and the enzyme

usually l a s t s se vera l months.

There are currently three types of High Fructose Corn Syrups available.

'Ihe most ccnscon is 42% HFCS co ntaining 42% fr uc to se , 52% de xt ro se and 6% highe r

saccharides.

lhis

syrup

is

primarily used in the beverage, baking and canning

industry. A l a t e r developnent

is

55% HFCS cont aininq 55% fru ct ose , 40% de xt ro se

and

5 higher saccharides.

The beverage i d u s t r y accounts for th e majori ty of t hi s

product.

me third type is 90% HFCS c onta in ing 90% fru ctos e , 7 dextrose and 3

higher saccharides. Sales of t h is product a re very l imited

a d

mostly

to

the heal th

food indust ry. I f t he approximate sweetness of sucrose is given a value of one ( l ) ,

then the relat ive sweetness on a dry subs tance b asi s ) f o r 42% HFCS

is

0.9, while 55%

HFCS is 1.1 and 90% HFCS 1.4. So in food and beverage prcduc ts 42% HFCS and i nver t

liquid sugar inpr t essentially the same degree of sweetness.

In the confectionery

in dust ry th e 42% HFCS can s e m e t he s w purpose as invert sugar, while the blending

of 42% HFCS with sucro se in cr ea ses considera bly t he apparent sweetness. At 40%

sweetener sol id s level , the re

is

not much difference in sweetness between sucrose,

invert sugar, dextrose or High Fructose Corn Syrup.


26/132

At t he r m n t t he major u ser o f suc rose is th e beverage industry, but it

is

an t i c ipa t ed t ha t by 1985 b e t e n 65% nd 70% of the high f ructose corn syrup

de l i ve r i e s w i l l

be

t o th e beverage indus try. 'Ihe United St a te s Department of

Agri cult ure e sti mat es t h a t High F'ructose Corn Syrup consumption i n t he United St a te s

wi l l reach

26

of ca lor ic sweetener conswpt ion y 1985. Coca Cola nd Pepsi allow

up t o 75% HFCS i n t h e i r main pr oduct s nd 100% i n som of th e ir minor products. In

1980, c orn sweeteners rep rese nted wer 33% of th e United Sta te s n ut ri t i ve sweetener

market compared with on ly 10% i n 1960.

?he

orn

ref in ing indus t ry

i s

t he t h i rd

lar qes t user of corn i n the United S ta tes . m s t i c f ee ds a r e f i r s t

d

expor t s

second. nd about 70% of th e st ar ch produced by t he wet mill ing industry

is

u t i l i z e d

to

make corn sweeteners with t he balanc e remaininq a s st ar ch .

Hiqh Fructose Corn Syrup is taking over more of the world sugar mr k et ,

es pec ial ly i n th e United St at es , Canada and Japan. Last ye ar 's e stimated manufacture

of High Fructose Corn Syrup in th e United St at es was 3.6 mil li on s ho rt tons d ry

weight, which

is

gre ate r than our to ta l production of sugar, ard t he manufacture of

HFCS

i s

expected to incr ease during t h i s year. The bia advantage of Hiqh Fructose

Corn Syrup

is

t h a t s t a r c h

is

p l e n t i f u l

nd

cheap, while the CO-products of

oi l

and

protein-rich germ a r e of equal value to the s tarch .

Canada, Japan, Argent ina, a s wel l a s the United Sta te s , ar e a l l

manufacturing High Fructose Corn Syrup.

In al l eleven c ou ntr ie s a r e now

manufa cturing Hiqh Fru cto se Corn Syrup, and t is anticipated that sugar consumption

w l l

continue to decl ine over the next

few

years under the impact of

HECS

The health

nd

nu tr it io n debate has a ls o encouraged a number of major

processors of food t o rerove sucrose fr an t he ir formulations

and

s u b s t i t u t e HFCS

s

th at they can advert i se th ei r products a s free f ra n sugar .

A l l

t he y a r e r e a l l y

doing

is

replacing one sugar with another.

This

is

ref le c ted in the chanqinq d ie t

pat ter ns in the Uni ted S ta tes .

For example, th e consumption of corn syr up ha s

increased 67.6 per cen t from 1976 u nt i l 1981, al so s o ft dri nks have increased

25.5

per cent while th e consumption of sugar declin ed 14.9 per cent.

This is

th e f i r s t tire t h is century tha t t he suaar industry has been

cha llenge 3 by a new t ec hno lq y enzyme technology. F rank Carpenter hiahl iqhted t h is

chal lenge in an a r t i c l e en ti t l ed Phat Fric e Superiority i n th e November, 1982 The

Sugar Journal. Frank st ar te d of f t alki ng about th e old eco nmic law of supply

and

demand

and

said th at Suoar

is

a prime example of these principles. ong ago, l ike

hundreds of years, s w a r was very lcw in supply and very hioh i n pri ce but t he demand

was there

.

And

not

so

long ago, on ly decades, somebody made a s up er io r

sugar , a white sugar. Thi s was perceived by the buyers as a m r e des i r ab l e p roduc t,

and so th e demand was there. Suppliers rose t o the occasion

and

made whiter sugar

.

Many wondered why t he world needed such whi te s w a r , bu t t h e demand was t he r e

m

h competition was then only t o see who could make a whiter white, m r e

ref ined sugar one couldn't have cared le ss about th e colour of suaar,

as

long

as the pr ice was r igh t .

A s many sugar p rd uc e r s know, the colour was jus t fi ne u nt il

a b u t

time

to renew the contr act. The colo ur go t worse, but 0.1 ce nt s d d e n l y made

the colour problem go away.

This should have been f a i r warning t ha t t he con trol ling

fac tor was pri ce, not the sup eri ori ty of the sugar. Rut , specif icat ion s cal led fo r


27/132

always higher

an3

higher rar it y: anythina but the be st was unthinkable.

'Ihere was no

way that even the s l ightes t infe r ior sugar could he accepted nt i l the pri ce

debacle of

1974

when th e pr ic e of r efin ed sugar went up by a f ac to r of

10 .

W e l l

the law of supply nd

demand

had not been repealed. I t was s t i l l in there wrkirwj.

' he

ampetitim

had been invented.

Hiah E'ructose Corn Syrup

came and

the price was

r igh t . What h e n s to a l l those bot t le r ' s requi rements f or nothing t the best

sugar? In th e fa ce of a huge pric e advantage a l l those technical requirements went

away.

The

t r u e

dem nd

was f o r PRICE not sup eri ori ty. High Fructose Corn yrup is

most de f in i te ly

an

inferior product

by all

s q a r st an da rd s, b ut t h e p r i c e i s

right

The

standards

are all

being rewri t ten

.

I n

the

face of heavy a mpet i t ion .

price

is

what aunts .

I have not mentioned the problm generated by the EEC a s

I

f e e l t h i s

is

basical ly a p l i t i c a l problem rather than a te ch ni ca l problem. The

EM3

sugar i s high

mst

very heavily subsidised sugar, and I fe el t ha t the problem of suhsidiserl s w a r

can only

be

overcame by subs idis ed sug ar which is a ~ o l i t i c a l roblem.

M r

John

Moble, Deputy Gen era l Manager, Sugar Divis io n,

CSR

Limited was

quoted i n th e Aust rali an Caneqrawer,

Ceer er

1983 a s sayinq tha t Aust ral ia uses its

r ep u ta ti on f o r r e l i a b i l i t y and hiqh qual i ty suqar to cement i t s p i t o n i n t he tough

export market pla ce txlt i n

the

10% term i t can only continue to ampete e f fec t ive ly

i f it can produce sugar cheaply .

We are los ing a su bs tan t ia l por t ion of our t r a d i t i ona l e xpor t warke ts t o

cheaper High Fructose Corn Syrup.

I f o ur i nd us tr y h o p s t o e x p a d p r od uc ti on w a i n

it

mst ei th er fi n3 add iti ona l new markets fo r raw sugar or produce raw sugar a t a

price

t h a t

is

can pe ti tiv e with High Rructose Corn Syrup. m e

name

of the game

is

going

to

b e ane versus Grain.

?HE

PRESICENT the n adv ise d t he me et im of th e reccarnnendation of t h e

Exec utive t h a t C.G. tory

be

e levated t o l i f e menhership

and

doing

so

re l a t e d

de t a i l s o f h i s c ont r ibu tions

to

th e Society.

I t

was then

nwved

hy DK J .R . Allen a d seconded

by r

P.G. Atherton.

m a t M r C.G. Story be elevated to l i f e

menbership of the Au stralian Society of

Sugar Cane Te ch no l~ is t s .

The mt ion was carr ied by acclamation.

R1E

PRESIDENT th en invi ted

r

W

Orme Managing Director of Castrol

Aust ra l ia

Ltd.

t o the stage.

r N J

Dickfos, a f in al year ap pre ntic e fr an Qunaba

m i l l

was then


28/132

presented with a travel bursary by

M

rme

which was offered

by

Castrol through the

Asscr

Mr

Dickfos sui tab ly respnded i n receiving th

award

f o r 1984

At the request of

THE

PRESIDENT, t h e Sec reta ry read

th

names from wh n

apologies h a been received,

as follows:

G C

Bieske, J.L. Clayton,

R A

Price , L

Foesller, A.P. Saranin,

A G

Skyring,

N J

Smith,

C W W l l

and

B L

Wriqht.

THE

S then read out expressions of good wishes

f r a n

G.A. Chenery,

I.A. olisholm

ard

t he Queensland Cane

Growers

Council.

THE SECFETAFtY

announced t h at he had recorded t he nm es of th e fol low irq

nmhers

w o ha3

passed

away sinc e our l a s t mnference:

G

Anderson,

T

Braddock,

J H Buzacott,

E

Cl arke, W.B. Lewis, W C loan and G E Zillman.

At the request of

THE

PRESIDENT, members observed a min ut e s s i l e nc e

as

a

m r k o f r e spe ct .

ssrs L J Woods, G D Jacklin and

D.H.

Foster,

l i f e members of the

Society, being presen t a t conference were requested

to

stand by th e Presid ent

and

were

honoured

by

acclamation.

THE SFXIETAFX M r R W Dorr, presented h i s annual r e p r t and finan cial

state ment s f or t he year ended 29th February, 1984.

I have nuch pleasure i n presenting th e following rep ort and f inanc ia l

sta tements for

the

year ended 29th Februar]

1984

Pa rt ic ul ar s of merrS3ership a t th e end of the fin anc ial year a re as follows:

L i fe Members

Full Members

Associate

M rs

Supporting W r s

Overseas members


29/132

nw e r a l l increase i n mabership has occurred, however, t h i s has mainly

been contributed y the re instatement of mem ers t ha t

were

unfinancial and deleted

as a t the end of February, 1983.

Previous totals for carparison plrposes were 770 menkers i n 1982 d 790

W S

n 1983.

Copies of the fi na nc ia l stateme nts fo r the year ended 29th February, 1984

have been distributed.

'Ihe Statenent of Receipts

nd

Payments shows a s ur pl us of re ce ip ts over

payments for the ye r of $7,123, csanpared with a sur plu s of $5,947 fo r

the

previous

year.

The sur plus of re cei pt s over payments fo r the

ye r

has been credited

to

the

Capital Accxxmt.

An

mxlnt

of $2,000 has heen transferred

£ r n

the Capital Account

to th e I.S.S.C.T. Deleg ate s' Reserve,

which

as a balance of $2,003.

'Ihe balance

to

th e cr ed it of th e Capital Account

nod

stands a t $18,872, canpared with $13,749 as

a t

the end

of the year 1982/83.

'Ibtal incane for 1983/84 excluding m e r e n c e reg istr atio n fe es

munt ed to

$30,550, s li g h tl y higher than the comparable t o t a l of $29,788 fo r th e year 1982/83.

he

m a l l

increase i n i n m

w s

a resu l t of higher makership fees but th is increase

was of f se t by

sm a l l

reductions i n the sa le of Proceedings and in te re st received.

31

th

expenditure side, actual total operating expenses were reduced f r a n

$23,841 i n 1982/83

to

$22,927 i n 1983/84. The m i n reason f or t h i s decline was the

reduction

i n osts

for the prin ting of the 1983 hPc eedi ngs

nd

Dismssions.

'Ihis

total cost for 1983/84

w s

$16,683 an p a red with $19,020 f o r 1982/83.

Petty cash and postage also was lower i n 1983/84

by

$885.

Aawever, incr eases in expenditure were experienced i n sta ti on er y, o ur

af fi l i at io n with th e Standards Associaticn of Australia,

th

purchase of medals

nd

badges

and bank

charges.

In

addition, tra ve lli ng expenses fo r myself

and

the Assistant Secretary

to

attend

the

ackay

conference

d

myself

to

v i s i t Cairns du ri m la te 1983 have been

included

on

t h i s occasion.

Ibis

oost

w s

accepted

by

the Society following an appma by t he

Australian Sugar Producers Association to our Executive a t ts meetim on 17th April

1983.

For th e 1983 conference a surp lus of $1,859, k i n g the excess of

re gi str ati on fees over conference expenses, w s t ransferred to the Contingency


30/132

regis t ra t ion fees in respec t of the 1982 conference.

The

balance

i n th e Contingency

eserve

stand s a t 10,275.

S ~ ~ ~ K

rve and

N m m m Bemett W i a l Bursmies

R la

he b l nce to

the

cr ed it of the above

und

as a t 29th

February

1984 is

u 8,934.

For the

year

incxme exceeded payment

by

1,436.

Bursary payments i n 1983 increa sed fr an 750 t o 950 175

to each

of the

S e p u r Rcme winners and 100

to

ea& of the

Norman

Bennett winners.

Feference already has been made to the

balances in

the Capi tal , the

I S S C T

and

Contingency Reserve Acccunts and balance i n t he Seymour Howe and

Norman

Bennett M m r ia l Bursaries Fund.

I t is

pleasing

to

note that

it

was possible t o in vest fur ther funds during

1983/84.

m v e r , t he i nc rease i n investments is a reflect ion of the level of

regist ra t ion fees received pri or to the 9th

February

i n r e l a t i on

to

the 1984

Conference.

I n respect of cur ren t l i ab i l i t i e s , sundry cr ed ito rs includes 1,291

representing a reimbursement to th e A.S.P.A. and 1,500, being payment of th e

Q C G C annual donation for 1984/85.

f3 he reoarmendation of the Kackay College of Technical and Further

Education, the Exea t ive ha s the f o l l m i q Seynuur Nme Bursary Awards for

1984:

n w mard has been m de t o Mr Warren Geddes.

A new bursary granted to

r

Neil Bryde i n 1983 is extended f o r a fur th er

year

'Ihe Executive

also

has

approved the

following xman Bennett Bursaries for

1984 to

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1984 Discussions for Cane Sugar

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