title

1986-2010

Why people power?

Road to EDSA 1 •1969- President Ferdinand Marcos’ Reelection •1971- Constitutional Convention, Plaza Miranda Bombing •1972- Martial Law Declaration •1974- Height of Moro Resistance •1983- Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino’s Assasination •1984- Batasang Pambansa Elections •1986- EDSA 1

conclusion

Legacy of EDSA 1

Problematizing the Discourse/s of

“People Power”

About cory Corazon Aquino

•political and economic pedigree •martyr’s widow •unity candidate in a fragile political coalition •“icon of democracy”

contributions Cory’s Contributions

•Restored elite democracy •Ratified the 1987 Constitution •Brought back investor confidence in the economy •Signed the following laws: CARL (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law), Local Government Code, PNP Law, ARMM Law and Generics Law

issues Cory’s Issues and Problems

•Confronted a series of coups

•Had a policy of an all out war against communists and leftist organizations

•Chose to honor all of Marcos’s debts

•Failed to implement an effective land reform and other measures vital in uplifting the poor and the deprived

•Campaigned for an extension of the U.S.-Philippine Military Bases Agreement • Faced calamities like the 1990 Earthquake and the1991 Pinatubo Eruption, and numerous power shortages

About ramos Fidel Valdez Ramos

•“Plurality President’ •“Steady Eddie” •“The Westpointer” and “The Protestant President”

contributions Eddie’s Legacy

•Solution to the Electric Power Crisis •Peace Talks •Liberalization

•Deregulation

•Agrarian Reform

•Fiesta Islands as Tourism Tagline

•Centennial Celebrations •Corruption Allegations

About erap Jose Marcelo Ejercito

•“Erap para sa Mahirap” • Total War Policy against MILF •US-RP Visiting Forces Agreement •“Midnight Cabinet” •Retail Trade Liberalization Act •Clean Air Act, •Impeachment and EDSA 2

About erap Jose Marcelo Ejercito

•“Erap para sa Mahirap” • Total War Policy against MILF •US-RP Visiting Forces Agreement •“Midnight Cabinet” •Retail Trade Liberalization Act •Clean Air Act, •Impeachment and EDSA 2

conclusion

EDSA 2 and Beyond

Edsa 1&2 comparison

EDSA I and EDSA II •Ousted Ferdinand Marcos •Patriotic delivery •Protest was defiant, but clear of invectives •Lasted for 5 days •People wore yellow, for democracy •Children were used to win hearts •Was a solemn crusade supported by the religious •Role of radio

•Ousted Joseph Estrada •Judgemental delivery •Protest was hateful, and full of curses •Lasted for 4 days •People wore black, to mourn the death of justice •Minors were used to express hatred •Seemed more like a party supported by the religious •Use of mobile phones

Erap joke

The Continuing Crisis

• Questions and Challenges: Nation-building

1. questions pertinent to our identity

2. huge gap between the rich and the poor

3. back to basics: food, shelter, education

3. dearth of transformative politics

The Continuing Crisis

• Economic Constraints

1. underdeveloped agricultural sector

2. lack of industrialization

3. volatile sources of national income (outsourcing industry, OFW remittances)

The Continuing Crisis

• Structures (socio-economic structural reforms)

• Discourses (nation-building agenda: rooted in history and culture but grounded in the contemporary global context)

• Mechanisms (instruments of change and empowerment)