1.Identify the type of organic compound that is represented to the right.

2.Which chemical reaction created this compound?

3. Identify the type of organic compound that is represented above.

4. Which chemical reaction is represented in the diagram above?

Dehydatrion Synthesis Hydrolysis

Forming Breaking DownSmall to large Large to smallTwo to one One to two

H2O H2O

SUBSTRATE

ENZYME

LOCK & KEY MODELLOCK & KEY MODEL

ACTIVE SITE

ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER

THAN THE MOLECULESWITH WHICH THEY

INTERACT.

There is an There is an active siteactive site where the actual chemical where the actual chemical

reaction takes placereaction takes place.Enzymes are Enzymes are used temporarily used temporarily & then recycled& then recycled.

ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX

1 3

2 4

Enzyme

Substrates

Enzyme-substratecomplex

Product

5

Active Site

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

Enzymes have an ACTIVE SITE, where substrate molecules fit temporarily into the enzyme. Forms an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE

COMPLEXCOMPLEX

SUBSTRATE

ACTIVE SITE

PRODUCT

HYDROLYSIS

HYDROLYSIS

HYDROLYSIS

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

DAY 2

DO NOW:

1. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C.OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE

DENATURESDENATURES

DENATURATIONDENATURATION The loss of

effectiveness of an enzyme.

The enzyme begins to break down.

OPTIMUMOPTIMUM Maximum amount of activity

Which quadrant show optimum enzyme activity?

2. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate

Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each other

By adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate.

The reactions maximum rate is reached whenall enzymes are attached to substrate.

What’s happening in this What’s happening in this graph?graph?

3. pH: The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7.

ExceptionsExceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease)

Pepsin works best at pH of 3

Trypsin (intestinal protease)

Trypsin pH of 8

pH: Human enzymes function best at a pH of 7

Temperature: Human enzymes function best at 98.6o F

Concentration: the ratio of substrate and enzyme, As the concentration of either is increased the

rate of reaction increases.

Enzyme Function

• The rate at which an enzyme functions is affected by:– pH

– Temperature

– Concentration of substrate

1. Identify A, C, D2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what must figures A & B represent?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Neutral

•pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.

•A scale with values ranging from below 0 to above 14

Acids• Substances with a pH below 7 are acidic.

• An acid is any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water.

Example: Lemon juice and soda

Bases• Substances with a pH above 7 are basic.A base is any substance that forms

hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.

Example: Soap and household cleaners

NeutralNeutral• A substance that is neither

acidic nor basic or a pH of 7 is neutral Example :

Water• Acidic and basic are two

extremes that describe chemicals, just like hot and cold are two extremes that describe temperature.

Used to test the level of pHProvides a specific number

Used to identify is the substance in an acid or a base

TASTE SOUR, REACT WITH METALS AND TURN LITMUS PAPER RED

TASTE BITTER, TASTE BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY, FEEL SLIPPERY, REACT WITH REACT WITH LITMUS PAPER LITMUS PAPER TO TURN IT TO TURN IT BLUEBLUE

Used to test for the presence of glucose

Used to test for the presence of proteins

Used to test for the presence of starch

BELOW 7BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDICACIDIC.

ABOVE 7ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASICBASIC.

IF THE pH IS 7pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRALNEUTRAL..

Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.