1st Semester ProjectTeam Evaluation Report, Group 8B.Sc.Eng in Product Development and Innovation1st Semester projectTeam Evaluation Report, Group 8B.Sc.Eng in Product Development and Innovation

University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Engineering.Niels Bohrs All 1, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

Product Development and Innovation1st semester projectThe Architects Desk Lamp

Supervisors:Sren Jensen, SOJRene Godusheit/Anders Krabbe, RCG/ANDAJakob Kronborg, JRKKasper Friis, KAFRProject team Stephen Salter, Group 8

Frederik LundHenrik HoierMosawer Rahimzai

Rasmus V. MadsenTina PesicTroels Lund

Executive summaryThis project centers on the task of redesigning and revitalizing the classic Architects Desk Lamp by some known as the Anglepoise Lamp. This implies an analysis of the Architects Desk Lamp regarding materials, design mechanism, components and assembly. This assessment of the classic product is subject of the first section of this report, where the lamp is evaluated. This section is followed by a section of research, where different possibilities and opportunities for the redesign are identified. During this identification, the report examines opportunities brought by technological development, changes in market behavior, customer needs and competing products.Utilizing these data, the project team was able to select a market and conclude on the needs of the users of this market. Furthermore, a number of parameters, necessary for the new lamp to fulfill, was constructed. The parameters served as a set of strict guidelines, ensuring that the final product developed by the project team, truly would be able to lift the legacy of the classic Architects Desk Lamp. It would be these parameters that every idea created for the new lamp would be assessed in relation to. The parameters were: Hi-tech feature(s), decent workstation light, a price of no more than 300,- DKK, a minimalistic design, news value, to be faithful to the old concept and being user-friendly.By these parameters a final idea was chosen from ten ideas produced by the project team. This was done utilizing a scorecard method to settle on the conceptual design. In this way, every idea was rated against each criterion by the ideas potential to fulfill it.Hereafter, the conceptual design chosen was further developed into a detailed design culminating in a final redesigned concept. This process included considering the earlier identified opportunities. Subsequently the new product was analyzed to determine the most suited materials and processes for production, an estimated price and physical properties amongst others. From this process, a final product including related factors was defined. A product named Lucid.With the product now being defined, an analysis of the overall process was conducted considering the type of innovation and the innovation process flow in relation to various models. Additionally an assessment of the project team, the workflow, the team dynamics and the work structure was conducted and described in a team evaluation report, ending off this report.

Table of Contents1Executive summary13The project63.1Introduction63.2Problem statement63.3Project delimitation73.4Problem formulation74The existing lamp94.1Product description94.2Reference94.3Functions94.3.1Secondary functions94.4Features104.5Design104.6Materials and processes104.6.1Steel104.6.2ABS plastic115Research and development125.1Technology opportunities125.2Competing products135.3Market research145.3.1Survey145.3.2Survey execution145.3.3Survey conclusion155.3.4SWOT165.4Trends165.5Redesign parameters175.5.1Recommendations about lightning175.6Pest analysis185.6.1Political185.6.2Economical195.6.3Sociological195.6.4Technological205.6.5Conclusion205.7Market segmentation205.8Redesign criteria216Redesign226.1Idea generation226.2Sorting226.3The concept of idea #3236.4Concept development236.4.1The head236.4.2Lamp dimensions246.4.3Power switch, cord & cord inlet276.4.4USB276.4.5The flexible hose276.4.6Touch button286.5Mock-ups296.6Concerns and flaws306.6.1The Base306.6.2The arm306.6.3The rubber306.6.4Conclusion307The new lamp317.1Key elements317.1.1USB317.1.2LED317.1.3Movable head317.1.4Rubber coating317.1.5Colours318Materials328.1Base328.1.1Cast iron328.2Body328.3Arm, joints, head328.3.1PVC328.3.2IIR328.4The key elements importance for the technological and market development for the product338.5Process technology338.5.1Product flow chart339Statics calculation of the new lamp349.1Conclusion3510Bending3510.1Conclusion3710.2Product related factors3810.2.1Packaging:3810.2.2Box3810.2.3Protective material:3810.2.4Product name and logo.3910.3Cost of processes3910.4Business Case3910.4.1Data3910.4.2Sales budget, NPV & Payback4010.4.3Pricing4010.5Sub conclusion4011Innovation4211.1Type of innovation4211.2Technology and product description4211.3Source of Innovation4211.4Opportunities/ Sources of Innovation4312Development models and Organization4312.1Stage Gate Development Model4312.2Stage 0: Idea discovery Estimated time: 2 weeks4412.3Gate 1: Idea Screen4412.4Stage 1: Scoping - Estimated time: 3 weeks4412.5Gate 24412.6Stage 2: Business case - Estimated time: 2 weeks4412.7Gate 34512.8Stage 3: Development4512.9Conclusion4513Stephen Salter4614References4715The teamI15.1Team codexI15.2Team dynamicsI15.3Work structureIII15.4EvaluationIII15.5ConclusionIII

The projectIn this section, we will further introduce the reader to the problem of subject, the main theme of this project: Redesigning the renowned Architects Desk Lamp. We will introduce the product of subject and later on, we will be looking into the reasons for undertaking this project.IntroductionThis project takes on the perspective of a product developing project group assigned with the task of redesigning the classic Architects Desk Lamp. As part of the semester theme the aim is to explore the innovation process, including design analysis and evaluation and idea generation.The Architects Desk Lamp is a well renowned product in both private and corporate environments and has been widely adapted to a variety of different more or less specialized purposes. The first lamp of the concept saw the light in 1932, designed by George Carwardine in England. Herbert Terry & Sons was the first to commercialize the concept in 1933 under the name The Anglepoise Lamp[footnoteRef:1]. [1: (hipstomp, 2011)]

It was not until 1937 that the lamp would have its mayor breakthrough though. At that time, a Norwegian textile machinery importer named Jac Jacobsen[footnoteRef:2] had seen the potential of the idea, and started manufacturing and selling an improved version of the lamp, named L-1, through his new started company Luxo. Luxo is today owned by the company Glamox which owns several quality brands[footnoteRef:3]. [2: (hipstomp & Noe, 2011)] [3: http://glamox.com/luxo]

The principal challenge of this project is redesigning a product with such a strong history and brand. The Architects Desk Lamp is a product most are familiar with, and few would consider changing it. This allows for a wide range of redesigns, and whether the solution is radical- or incremental innovation is to be considered, since the success of this project lies in a balance between modernizing the lamp while preserving the characteristics of the icon.Problem statementThe Classic Architects Desk Lamp is historically the bestselling product of our company, but today the market and consumers needs have changed. From that arises a demand for at redesigned version of the lamp. Senior management therefore requests the redesign of the lamp.The redesigned lamp is to follow up on its ancestors success if possible. It is unknown, what the focus of the redesign must be to achieve greatest results regarding sales number, as was the case of the previous product generation. This makes it necessary to carry out an analysis of the existing product, the current consumer needs and market-, as well as technological opportunities culminating in a rational redesign based on the analysis.The Architects Desk Lamp, that we are to redesign was developed in the 1930s and is known for its functionality due to an external spring mechanism that gives the lamp a wide range of motion. The general concept of the Architects Desk Lamp is the floating arm, which is designed so that a system of springs counteracts the lamps light sources tendency to drop due to gravity, and at the same time keeps the light pointing in the same direction regardless of manipulations of the arm. This allows for a lamp capable of moving freely in all three dimensions and remaining in the set position until readjusted due to the springs holding it.Many versions of the Architects Desk Lamp differing in price, color, esthetics, size, components and a variety of other categories has been introduced since the first concept was developed around 80 years ago. Still, the main idea remains almost unchanged. This project aims to follow the lead of the great design behind the lamp in order to rethink, redesign and revitalize it to meet the demands of the modern consumer.Project delimitationAs stated, the main purpose of this project is to redesign the Architects Desk Lamp. This includes analyzing the existing market, the materials and the processes behind and the opportunities for a new lamp. From this knowledge, a series of potential redesigns will be constructed and evaluated to determine, which one meets the requirements found in the analysis. When settled on a final design, we will be looking into the production and market implementation of the new lamp. The project does not investigate the legal matters regarding patents on resulting products. Neither does it include production scale up. The focus is on theoretical planning and developing of products and production.In this project, we will also be investigating different kinds of innovation as well as development- and organization models, and discuss the choices of these in our project.Problem formulationIn order to revitalize the Architects Desk Lamp, we will be looking into the underlying technical and physical attributes of the existing product. Thereafter we will start the redesign and evaluation process. To achieve the goal of revitalization we will consider the following points:How do we redesign the Architects Lamp to revitalize it?1. What was the old Architects Lamp?2. Which parts is the lamp made up of, and what technical relevance do they have to the performance of the product?3. What are the modern users needs and requirements to the product?4. Which new opportunities may be relevant to consider when developing the new product?5. How can we design a lamp to meet the requirements of the modern consumer?6. What other criterias should the product meet?7. Based on these requirements and criterias, which redesign idea should we choose?

The existing lampProduct description The product in question is a white, balanced arm lamp with an adjustable arm and the ability to clamp to any hard surface. The lamp has vast application in offices because of its adjustability, which makes it very practical. A full product tree can be seen in Appendix 1 Product Tree.ReferenceBased on the note found inside the lamp head, the lamp is produced by Lyskr Belysning[footnoteRef:4]. Lyskr Belysning was a Danish lamp fabrication company which existed between 1969 and 1991. The company manufactured a lot of different lamps in different price categories, including the Architects Desk Lamp type 2060, which is our described product. [4: (Christensen, 2014)]

FunctionsThe main function of the lamp is to run an electrical current through the light bulb and thereby illuminate a surface. Secondary functionsPower off mode - The lamp can be switched on/off by simply pressing the small button at the top of the head.Adjustability of head - The head of the lamp is rotatable and adjustable which makes the lamp useful when the light is needed at different parts of the surface. Adjustability of height and angle - Both height and angle of the arm are easily adjustable; therefore, the lamp can spread the light from closer and wider ranges. Angles between two parts of the arm are adjustable, as well.Attachable to the surface - The lamp can be attached to any flat surface by using a clamp or a similar fastener.

Features Light bulb socket - The black light bulb socket, type 760/SV, can take maximum 60-watt light bulb, which is commonly used for desk lamps. Cord - 2.40 meters long, white, Alcatel Iko cord connects the light bulb socket with the source of electrical energy. On/off switch - Small, cylindrical shaped on/off switch is positioned at the top of the head and is connected with the light bulb socket. The lamp is turned on by pressing the switch and turned off in same fashion. Two pairs of springs - Longer pair of springs (11,1 cm) is attached to the upper part of the arm, and the shorter pair of springs (8,1 cm) is attached to the lower part of the arm. Both strings are 1 cm wide in diameter. With coefficient of 934 N/m they provide the lamp with both flexibility and firmness. Rotatable mound - 4 cm high rotatable mound provides the connection between the head and the arm of the lamp. It gives the lamp functionality of adjusting the head in different directions.DesignThe lamp has a very practical, minimalistic design, which easily lets the user move the lampshade around, once the lamp is clamped onto a table. The lampshade is mounted on a technical functionally designed arm, which is mounted on a similar arm, which is clamped to the table. The lampshade design itself, was a common design at the time the lamp was produced.Materials and processesAfter conducting various experiments and analyzing results using material fact from CES program the project team agreed that the old lamp is made of the materials stated below. A full part specification can be found in Appendix 2 Part Specifications.SteelAll metal parts of the lamp are made of steel. That includes lampshade, rods, bolts, nuts, washers, upper joint bracket, springs, etc. A magnet was used to determine whether the build material was magnetic or non-magnetic. As the material showed magnetic properties, by using CES program, it was concluded, that the material could be either steel or cast iron. All metal parts are light weigh; therefore, cast iron could not be the used material. If the lamps metal parts had been made from cast iron, the softer iron, had required the dimensions of the lamp to be increased to provide the necessary strength, thereby increasing the amount of material, and thereby the weight. CES program showed five different types of steel. The project team assumed that material is low carbon steel. Low carbon steel is strong, tough, easily formable and cheap which makes it widely used.The lampshade is produced out of a sheet metal. First, the sheet has been cut or punched, into a circular disc, then it has been formed by, spinning in a turner. The rods are also produced out of sheet metal, they have been cut into rectangular pieces, and then the holes have been punched out. The rod has then been bended four places, so the final piece becomes a long square rod. The upper and middle joint brackets are punched in one piece and then bended.The lower joint bracket has several process steps; first the parts are punched out with all four holes. Then it is bended in three steps. The Tips are bended in a 90 angle outwards, the sides with the tips are bended 11 outwards. The tube connected to the square part, are bended in one motion.All the metal parts have been given a white powder coating, on the outside. And only the lampshade has been coated with blank white on the inside.ABS plasticDetermining the type of plastic was harder than determining the metal. The project team chose to apply a burn test (see Appendix 3 Burn Test). By observing the flame, it was possible to say which material is in question. As the flame was yellow, with blue edges according to the burn test it could only be ABS plastic or mixture of ABS and PVC plastic. ABS has high impact resistance and it takes color well. Some white plastic parts changed color to yellow because of the light exposure. It is possible that material has PVC added to ABS. Processes such as injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, thermoforming, or compression molding can shape polymers. It is hard to tell, which has been applied when considering the lamp parts.

Research and developmentTechnology opportunities[footnoteRef:5] [5: (PSFK & , u.d.)]

Light is very important in our daily life and is a powerful tool. It has the ability to create the perfect ambience in a room, promote feelings and be a helpful tool. Yet it is not noticed until it is not there. The industry and technology of light is in continuous development, and elements like lightning efficiencies, cost, accessibility and control is constantly improving. Lights a joy. People respond to light. It makes places lively and engaging.- Barry Richards, Principal and Studio Leader. Rockwell GroupDevelopers have created advanced sensors, which can respond to the environment it is located in. For instance there has been created a lamp, which responds to users mood and also the environment. The lamp can be taught to respond to certain conditions by changing its colours and the intensity of light. A company named INAHO has created some freestanding LED bulbs, looking like golden ears of rice, which can respond to its environment, by glowing and gently leaning towards people as they approach as a welcome. New technology also makes it possible to program light, so it is able to respond to stress, relaxation, or even remind you when it is time for a break. In France they have taken a step further, and created a phosphorescent concrete skate park, which can be seen in figure 1. The skate park is charged by exposure to the sun, which makes it glow in the dark in the night. In that what the park is able to be open 24 hours a day. Figure 1 - The phosphorescent concrete skatepark

This idea opens a lot of opportunities, for instance you can light up illuminated pathways at night for runners and cyclist parks, which can improve safety. Light can also connect with other lights. An engineer named Ben Kokes has created an engagement ring with LED implemented, which has the ability to light up when the wearers fianc is nearby. The LED gets illuminated when it is get in the proximity of a magnetic field, which comes from another device, that he would like to call the transmitter. A lamp can also be Wi-Fi enabled, which opens up a lot of possibilities for developers. As an example, a lamp can bring you notifications from sports, news etc. Lights can also be integrated with each other. The good night lamp is a concept with a big lamp and an unknown amount of smaller lamps. Being Internet connected, the smaller lamps will behave exactly as the big lamp does. The idea for this is, to give away the small lamps to other people that they would like to stay in touch with. The lamp can therefore automatically signal to the other person when the person is home, at home, going to bed etc. It could be really handy for people living in different time zones, helping them a lot to plan a call as an example. Having lights connected could be helping for safety, for example when your child and pet moves out of a certain radius.Light can also be installed to respond to sound that make people able to experience the surrounding noises in new ways. Philips has created a bulb, which is integrated with a music app, and is meant for creating indoor disco parties. It will visualize the music that is playing, changing colour, intensity and the brightness of the bulb.There are a lot of opportunities in light, and there are constantly being developed new concepts. Light can have a big impact on how we live our lives, and our way of behaviour.Competing productsIn order to determine in which direction redesigning the lamp should go, competing products were investigated. After discussing a vast number of lamps that are offered from different companies twenty lamps were chosen that represent the variety of the market the best. Pictures of the chosen lamps alongside with their names, descriptions, stores/brands and prices are presented in Appendix 4 Competing Products. Both the Danish- and the international market were investigated. Focus was on the bestselling lamps from different stores (IKEA, Bilka, Walmart). Price range goes from affordable mass production lamps to designer made pricier lamps.This part of competing product analysis proved to be a great guidance in determine the price limit of redesigned lamp and its position among the other competing lamps.Another reason for conducting competing product analysis was to decide on which design type the project team should focus. It was assumed that the companies investigated in the analysis had resources to conduct full market analysis and that they improved their products according to the market analysis results. The competing product analysis was also proven to be a source of inspiration for developing new ideas. To conclude, the market is saturated with all kinds of architect lamps, also categorized as work- or desk lamps. Besides the primary function of the lamp to produce a desirable amount of light, nowadays lamps commonly features a variety of secondary functions. The most common additional features on the lamps are magnifiers, brightness adjustment controllers or pencil boxes attached to the lamps. Furthermore, to meet the wishes of modern customers an increasing number of lamps have hi-tech features, such as touch pads or USB plugs. Based on these findings the project team decided to incorporate hi-tech feature/s to the redesigned lamp. Market researchFor this project, the chosen market research technique for was an online survey. The questions in the survey were formed in such a way, that the project team could gather both quantitative and qualitative information. An important step before creating concepts for the redesigned lamp is to understand the customers needs. Specifically, it is crucial to determine what they are looking for when buying a lamp. Having that information, the project team can concentrate on the right segment in the redesigning process. Furthermore, demographic and price range questions will serve as a guidance when deciding on the target group for the redesigned lamp. SurveyAfter the questions have been formulated, a survey was made in the online survey platform surveymonkey.com. The whole survey is presented in Appendix 5. Survey Questions1. Gender ( Female / Male )2. Age ( various age groups were offered starting with 66 )3. I use lamp for ( studying, work, other specify )4. When buying lamp, the most important for me is ( design, price, functions )5. The most I would pay for the lamp is ( various price ranges were offered starting with