2. Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Nutrients - Centers for Disease

871 Water-Soluble Vitamins 872 Fat-Soluble Vitamins amp Nutrients

2 Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Nutrients

Vitamins A and E and Carotenoidsbull VitaminAbull Retinylpalmitatebull Retinylstearatebull VitaminEbull gamma-Tocopherolbull alpha-Carotenebull trans-beta-Carotenebull cis-beta-Carotenebull beta-Cryptoxanthinbull Luteinandzeaxanthinbull trans-Lycopenebull Totallycopene(cis-andtrans-)

Vitamin Dbull 25-HydroxyvitaminD

Fatty AcidsSaturated

bull Myristicacid(140)bull Palmiticacid(160)bull Stearicacid(180)bull Arachidicacid(200)bull Docosanoicacid(220)bull Lignocericacid(240)

Monounsaturatedbull Myristoleicacid(141n-5)bull Palmitoleicacid(161n-7)bull cis-Vaccenicacid(181n-7)bull Oleicacid(181n-9)bull Eicosenoicacid(201n-9)bull Docosenoicacid(221n-9)bull Nervonicacid(241n-9)

Polyunsaturatedbull Linoleicacid(182n-6)bull alpha-Linolenicacid(183n-3)bull gamma-Linolenicacid(183n-6)bull Eicosadienoicacid(202n-6)bull homo-gamma-Linolenicacid

(203n-6)bull Arachidonicacid(204n-6)bull Eicosapentaenoicacid(205n-3)bull Docosatetraenoicacid(224n-6)bull Docosapentaenoicacid(225n-3)bull Docosapentaenoicacid(225n-6)bull Docosahexaenoicacid(226n-3)

88 2nd National Report on Biochemical Indicators of Diet and Nutrition in the US Population88 2nd National Report on Biochemical Indicators of Diet and Nutrition in the US Population

Vitamins A E and CarotenoidsBackground InformationSources and Physiological Functions VitaminsA(retinol)andE(alpha-tocopherol)andthecarotenoidsarefat-solublemicronutrientsfoundinmanyfoodsincludingsomevegetablesfruitsmeatsandanimalproductsFish-liveroilslivereggyolksbutterandcreamareknownfortheirhighercontentofvitaminANutsandseedsareparticularlyrichsourcesofvitaminE(Thomas2006)Atleast700carotenoidsmdashfat-solubleredandyellowpigmentsmdasharefoundinnature(Britton2004)Americansconsume40ndash50ofthesecarotenoidsprimarilyinfruitsandvegetables(Khachik1992)andsmalleramountsinpoultryproductsincludingeggyolksaswellasinseafoods(Boylston2007)Eightdifferentcarotenoidsareeasilymeasuredinhumanserumalpha-carotenecis-andtrans-beta-carotenebeta-cryptoxanthinluteincis-andtrans-lycopeneandzeaxanthinMainsourcesofcarotenesareorange-coloredfruitsandvegetablessuchascarrotspumpkinsandmangosLuteinandzeaxanthinarealsofoundindarkgreenleafyvegetableswhereanyorangecoloringisovershadowedbychlorophyllTrans-lycopeneisobtainedprimarilyfromtomatoesandtomatoproductsandsomefruitsForinformationonthecarotenoidcontentofUSfoodsseethe1998carotenoiddatabasecreatedbytheUSDepartmentofAgricultureandtheNutritionCoordinatingCenterattheUniversityofMinnesota(httpwwwnalusdagovfnicfoodcompDatacar98car98html)

VitaminAfoundinfoodsthatcomefromanimalsourcesiscalledpreformedvitaminASomecarotenoidsfoundincolorfulfruitsandvegetablesarecalledprovitaminAbecausetheyaremetabolizedinthebodytovitaminAAmongthecarotenoidsbeta-carotenearetinoldimerconsistingoftwolinkedretinolmoleculeshasthemostsignificantprovitaminAactivityApproximately12micrograms(microg)ofdietarybeta-carotenecanprovidetheequivalentof1microgofretinolOtherprovitaminAcarotenoidssuchasalpha-caroteneandbeta-cryptoxanthinarehalfasactiveasbeta-carotene(InstituteofMedicine2000)ThebioconversionofcarotenoidstovitaminAishighlyvariablefrompersontoperson(Krinsky2005)RetinylestersserveasthestorageformofvitaminAandaremostlyconcentratedintheliver

Theabsorptionoffat-solublemicronutrientsfromthegastrointestinaltractdependsonprocessesresponsibleforfatabsorptionormetabolismThuspeoplewithconditionsresultinginfatmalabsorption(egceliacdiseaseCrohnrsquosdiseasepancreaticdisorders)candevelopvitaminAdeficiencyovertimeVitaminAalsohasinteractionswithothernutrientsIronandzincdeficiencycanaffectvitaminAmetabolismandtransportofvitaminAstoresfromthelivertobodytissues(InstituteofMedicine2001)Theabsorptionofcarotenoidsfromfoodsishighlydependentoncookingtechniquesthatbreakdownplantcellwallsandreleasecarotenoidsitisalsodependentontheavailabilityofdietaryfattoenhancecarotenoiduptake(Krinsky2005)TheliverregulatestheconcentrationofvitaminAinthecirculationbyreleasingstoredretinylestersasneededonlywhenliverreservesarenearlyexhausteddoesserumvitaminAfallintothedeficientrange(Napoli2006)ThevariationinserumcarotenoidconcentrationsamongpeopleintheUnitedStatesisrelativelylargeprimarilyreflectingwide-rangingdifferencesindietaryintake(Lacher2005)

VitaminEactivityisderivedfromatleasteightnaturallyoccurringtocopherolsthemostpotentofwhichisalpha-tocopherolOtherlessactiveformsofvitaminEareplentifulintheUSdietwithgamma-tocopherolbeingthepredominantformThemostcommonlyconsumedsourcesofalpha-tocopherolinthedietofAmericanadultsaremixedfoods(spaghettisaucepizzaandchili)friedpotatoessaladdressingsandbakerygoods(Ahuja2004)Otherimportantsourcesare


tomatoeseggsnutsandseedsandsnackfoodsPlasmaconcentrationsoftocopherolsvarywidelyamonghealthyindividualsandarehighlycorrelatedwithplasmalipidconcentrations(Ford1999Ford2006)

Health EffectsInadequateorexcessiveintakeofvitaminsAorEcanleadtovariousdisordersForexamplevitaminAdeficiencyconsideredtobethemaincauseofchildhoodblindnessinlow-incomecountries(Roodhooft2002)isarareconditionintheUnitedStatesProminentsignsofvitaminAdeficiencyincludenightblindnesscornealthinningandconjunctivalmetaplasiaVitaminAisalsoessentialforproperimmunefunctionepithelialgrowthandrepairbonegrowthreproductionandnormalembryonicandfetaldevelopment(West2006)Acutetoxicityresultingfromsingleorshort-termlargedosesofpreformedvitaminAischaracterizedbynauseavomitingheadachevertigoblurredvisionincreasedcerebrospinalfluidpressureandlackofmuscularcoordinationCentralnervoussystemeffectsliverabnormalitiesboneandskinchangesandothernonspecificadverseeffectscanbeindicativeofchronichypervitaminosisAConsumingexcessamountsofvitaminAduringearlypregnancymayleadtoseriousbirthdefects(InstituteofMedicine2001)

SerumorplasmaconcentrationsofcarotenoidsareconsideredamongthebestbiologicalmarkersforfruitandvegetableintakeThestrongestdietarypredictorsofserumcarotenoidconcentrationsarefruits(forsourcesofbeta-cryptoxanthin)carrotsandrootvegetables(forsourcesofcarotenes)andtomatoproducts(forsourcesoftrans-lycopene)(Al-Delaimy2005)ResearchstudieshaveshowninconsistenciesintherelationbetweencarotenoidintakeandprotectionfromcancerCarotenoidsinfoodsevenwhenconsumedoverlongperiodsandinlargeamountsarenotknowntoproduceadversehealtheffectsHoweverresultsofinterventionstudiesofsmokerswhoused20ndash30milligrams(mg)ofbeta-caroteneperdayshowedthatthisgrouphadmorelungcancersthanplacebo-treatedgroups(Albanes1996Redlich1998)

VitaminEdeficiencyoccursonlyrarelyinpeopleandovertdeficiencysymptomsinpeopleconsuminglow-vitaminEdietshaveneverbeendescribed(InstituteofMedicine2000)ThemainmanifestationofvitaminEdeficiencyisperipheralneuropathycharacterizedbythedegenerationofthelarge-caliberaxonsofsensoryneurons(InstituteofMedicine2000)Theupperlimit(UL)forvitaminEintake(1000mgday)isbasedonhemorrhagiceffectshoweveracausalassociationbetweenexcessalpha-tocopherolintakeinapparentlyhealthyindividualsandadversehealthoutcomeshasnotconsistentlybeenshown(InstituteofMedicine2000)Studiesevaluatingtocopherolstoreducetheriskforcardiovasculardiseasedemonstratedinconsistentfindings(AgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality2003)TheAmericanHeartAssociationcurrentlyadvisesthatantioxidantsupplements(suchasvitaminsEandCandbeta-carotene)shouldnotbeusedforprimaryorsecondarypreventionofcardiovasculardisease(Lichtenstein2006)NeverthelesstheAmericanHeartAssociationrecommendsconsumingfoodsourcesofantioxidantnutrientsprincipallyfromavarietyofplant-derivedfoodssuchasfruitsvegetableswholegrainsandvegetableoils

Intake Recommendations TheNationalAcademyofScienceshasestablisheddietary-requirementintakevaluesforvitaminsAandEbydeterminingtheAdequateIntake(AI)forinfantsandtherecommendeddietaryallowance(RDA)forolderagegroups(InstituteofMedicine2000and2001)TheRDAforvitaminAinretinolequivalentsis900microgdayformenand700microgdayforwomenforchildrenandadolescents(1ndash18years)theRDArangesfrom300ndash900microgdayForinfants(0ndash12months)theAIissetat400ndash500microgdayofretinolequivalentsTheTolerableUpperIntakeLevel(UL)foradultsissetat3000microgdayofpreformedvitaminAwhereastheULforinfants(600microgday)youngerchildren1ndash8years(600-900microgday)olderchildren9ndash13years(1700microgday)and


adolescents14ndash18years(2800microgday)areage-dependentForadultstheRDAforvitaminEis15mgdayofalpha-tocopherolforchildrenandadolescents(1ndash18years)theRDArangesfrom6ndash15mgdayThereisnoRDAforotherformsofvitaminEsuchasgamma-tocopherolTheULforvitaminEwhichappliestoalleightstereoisomersofalpha-tocopherolis1000mgdayforadultsaULforinfantscouldnotbeestablishedandthusonlyfoodandformulasourcesofdietaryintakearerecommendedTheULforchildrenandadolescentsrangesfrom200-800mgdayofvitaminEAlthoughnoquantitativerecommendationsareavailablefortheintakeofcarotenoidsexistingrecommendationssupportincreasedconsumptionofcarotenoid-richfruitsandvegetablesCurrentpublichealthguidelinesadvisethatpeopleconsumeatleast25cupsoffruitsandvegetablesadaydependingoncaloricneedtoensureadequatenutrientintake(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices2010)

Biochemical Indicators and MethodsThebestwaytodetermineinadequatevitaminAstatusisthroughhepaticbiopsybutthisinvasiveprocedureisunsuitableforpopulationstudiesSerumorplasmaretinolismeasuredbyuseofhighperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)withultraviolet(UV)detectionafterseparationfromitscarrierretinolbindingprotein(RBP)BecauseretinoliscloselycorrelatedwithRBPthemeasurementofthistransportproteinthroughenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)hasalsobeenusedtoassessvitaminAstatusInmostpopulationsserumRBPhasbeenshowntobeasuitablesurrogateforretinolSerumorplasmaconcentrationsofcarotenoidsaremeasuredbyuseofHPLCandvisiblelight(450nm)absorbance

Clinicallaboratoriestypicallyuseconventionalunitsforserumconcentrationsofthesefat-solublemicronutrients(microgperdeciliter[dL])Conversionfactorstointernationalsystem(SI)unitsare1microgdL=00349micromoleperliter(mmolL)forvitaminAand1microgdL=002322mmolLforvitaminEDependingonitsmolecularweighteachcarotenoidhasaspecificconversionfactor

InternationalreferencematerialsforvitaminsAandEandcarotenoidsareavailablefromtheUSNationalInstitutesofStandardsandTechnology(httpswww-snistgovsrmorsview_detailcfmsrm=968e)AmongmostlaboratoriesparticipatinginanexternalqualityassuranceprogramstandardizedHPLCmethodsformeasuringfat-solublemicronutrientsshowconsistentagreementofvalues(Duewer2000)

ThediagnosisofvitaminAorEdeficiencyissupportedbymeasuringtheseconcentrationsinthebodyPeoplewithserumretinolconcentrationsoflessthan20microgdLareconsideredvitaminAdeficientandthosewithserumconcentrationsoflessthan10microgdLareconsideredseverelydeficient(West2006)Serumretinolvaluesdonotalwaysreflecttotalbodystatusbecauseofhomeostatic

controlandthereforeareoftennotusefulforassessingthevitaminAstatusofindividualsAdditionaltestsmayberequiredtoconfirmvitaminAdeficiencywhen20microgdLisusedasacutoff(Gibson2005)ThedistributionofserumretinolvaluesinapopulationtogetherwiththeprevalenceofindividualswithserumretinolvaluesbelowagivencutoffpointprovideimportantinformationaboutthevitaminAstatusofapopulationWHO(2011)recommendsusingtheprevalenceofserumretinolconcentrationsoflessthanorequalto20microgdLtodefinepublichealthproblemsinvolvingvitaminAdeficiencyasmild(2ndash9)moderate(10ndash19)orsevere(ge20)InchronichypervitaminosisAserumconcentrationsaregenerallygreaterthan100microgdL(Bendich1989)Carotenoid


deficiencyhasnodefinedserumconcentrationsThelaboratorydiagnosisofvitaminEdeficiencyisbasedonserumconcentrationsofalpha-tocopherol(lessthan500microgdLorlessthan08mgofalpha-tocopherolpergramoftotallipids)(Beers2006)Suchconcentrationsareassociatedwithinvitrohydrogenperoxide-inducedredbloodcelllysisnotwithclinicaldeficiencysymptoms(InstituteofMedicine2000)

Data in NHANESThefat-solublemicronutrientsvitaminAEandcarotenoidspresentedinthisreportweremeasuredbyasingleassaypanelemployingHPLCseparationanddetectionbyuseofUVorvisiblelight(HPLC-UVvis)ThisisthesamemethodusedduringthefirstfouryearsofthecontinuousNHANESsurvey(1999-2002)

Since1971variousfat-solublemicronutrientshavebeenmeasuredintheserumofNHANESparticipantsInNHANESIII(1988ndash1994)clinicallylowconcentrationsofserumretinolwereuncommoninUSresidentsaged4yearsandolderalthoughracialethnicandsocioeconomicdifferencesexisted(Ballew2001)Variationsinserumcarotenoidconcentrationsbyethnicityandsexwerefoundforadultschildrenandadolescents(Ford2000Ford2002)Fordetalalsofoundsociodemographicvariationsinserumconcentrationsofalpha-tocopherolamongUSadultsinNHANESIII(1999)andalpha-andgamma-tocopherolinNHANES1999ndash2000(2006)Applicationofthemostcommoncut-offvalueforserumalpha-tocopherolconcentrationsinNHANES1999ndash2000(500microgdL)demonstratedalowprevalenceofvitaminEdeficiencydespitethefactthattheUSDepartmentofAgriculture-estimateddietaryintakesofvitaminEwerelowandthatmostoftheUSpopulationdidnotmeetdietaryintakerecommendations

For more information on these fat-soluble micronutrientsseetheInstituteofMedicinersquosDietaryReferenceIntakereports(InstituteofMedicine2000and2001)andthevitaminfactsheetsfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealthOfficeofDietarySupplements(httpodsodnihgovHealth_InformationVitamin_and_Mineral_Supplement_Fact_Sheetsaspx)

HighlightsSerumconcentrationsoffat-solublemicronutrients(vitaminAEandcarotenoids)intheUSpopulationshowedthefollowingdemographicpatternsandcharacteristics

bull Withfewexceptionsthehighestconcentrationsoffat-solublemicronutrientswerefoundinpersons60yearsandolder

bull Noconsistentpatternwasobservedwithregardtogenderorraceethnicitybull ThelikelihoodofbeingvitaminAorEdeficientwasverylowthroughoutthe

populationbull ThelikelihoodofvitaminAexcesswasalsoverylowbutitincreasedwithincreasingage

Formorethan20yearsthemajorityoftheUSpopulation(greaterthan95)hashadadequateserumconcentrationsofvitaminA(gt20microgdL)andvitaminE(gt500microgdL)

DespiteNHANES2001ndash2002dietaryintakedatademonstratingthat93oftheUSpopulationconsumedlessthantheEstimatedAverageRequirement(EAR)forvitaminE(Moshfegh2005)fordecadesmeanserumvitaminEconcentrationshaveremainedconsistentlyadequate(FigureH2a)withlessthan1ofthepopulationvitaminEdeficientAnalysesofNHANESdatashowedthatin1999ndash200052ofadults(Rock2007)andin2003ndash200649ofthetotalUSpopulation(Bailey2011)useddietarysupplementsthustheintakedata(foodandsupplements)forvitaminEseemtobeinconsistentwiththebiomarkerdataSeveralexplanatorypossibilitieshavebeenraisedincludingasuggestionthattheintakeoffats(and


fat-solublenutrients)isunder-reportedinoverweightandobesesubjectsthedatabaseoffoodvaluesisnotaccurateandorthattheEARforvitaminEneedsadjustmentLowintakewithoutwidespreadmanifestationofdeficiencysuggeststheneedforfurtherevaluationstodeterminewhetherimprovedestimatesarenecessaryeitherinthenutrienttablesorindietaryintake

Figure H2aAge-adjustedgeometricmeanconcentrationsofserumvitaminE(alpha-tocopherol)intheUSpopulationaged6yearsandolderbygenderorraceethnicityNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey1988ndash2006

Errorbarsrepresent95confidenceintervalsWithinademographicgroupbarsnotsharingacommonletterdiffer(plt005)Ageadjustmentwasdoneusingdirectstandardization

Detailed ObservationsTheselectedobservationsmentionedbelowarederivedfromthetablesandfigurespresentednextStatementsaboutcategoricaldifferencesbetweendemographicgroupsnotedbelowarebasedonnon-overlappingconfidencelimitsfromunivariateanalysiswithoutadjustingfordemographicvariables(egagegenderraceethnicity)orotherbloodconcentrationdeterminants(egdietaryintakesupplementusagesmokingBMI)AmultivariateanalysismayalterthesizeandstatisticalsignificanceofthesecategoricaldifferencesFurthermoreadditionalsignificantdifferencesofsmallermagnitudemaybepresentdespitetheirlackofmentionhere(egifconfidencelimitsslightlyoverlaporifdifferencesarenotstatisticallysignificantbeforecovariateadjustmenthasoccurred)ForaselectionofcitationsofdescriptiveNHANESpapersrelatedtothesebiochemicalindicatorsofdietandnutritionseeAppendix G

Geometric mean concentrations (NHANES 2005ndash2006)bull SerumvitaminAconcentrationsincreasedwithage(Table21a1andFigure21a)bull Serumretinylpalmitateconcentrationsweresimilaracrossagerangeswithaslight

decreaseintheadolescentyears(Table22a1andFigure22a)bull SerumvitaminEconcentrationsdecreasedthroughoutchildhoodthenincreasedwith

agetoconcentrationshigherthanthoseseeninearlychildhood(Table24a1andFigure24a)whileserumgamma-tocopherolconcentrationsremainedrelativelyconstantthroughoutthelifecycledecreasingslightlyinolderpersons(Table25a1andFigure25a)

a a a a a

a b b b

b

b

b c c

b b

b

c

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Total population

Males Females Mexican American

Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

1988-1994 1999-2002 2005-2006


bull Serumalpha-carotenetrans-beta-caroteneandluteinzeaxanthinconcentrationsdecreasedthroughoutchildhoodthenincreasedwithagetoconcentrationshigherthanthoseseeninearlychildhood(Tables26a127a1and210a1andFigures26a27a210a)

bull Serumbeta-cryptoxanthinconcentrationsdecreasedinearlychildhoodandthenremainedsteady(Table29a1andFigure29a)

bull Serumtrans-lycopeneandtotallycopeneconcentrationswerehighestinyoungadultsandlowestinolderpersons(Tables211a1and212a1andFigures211a212a)

bull FemaleshadhigherserumvitaminEthanmaleswhilemaleshadhigherserumvitaminAconcentrationsthanfemales(Tables24a1and21a1)

bull Femaleshadhigherserumalpha-caroteneandtrans-beta-caroteneconcentrationsthanmalesandmaleshadhigherserumtotallycopeneconcentrationsthanfemales(Tables26a127a1and212a1)

bull Non-HispanicwhiteshadthehighestconcentrationsofserumvitaminAandvitaminEandthelowestconcentrationsofserumgamma-tocopherolNon-HispanicwhiteshadthelowestconcentrationsofserumluteinzeaxanthinNon-Hispanicblackshadthelowestconcentrationsofserumalpha-caroteneMexicanAmericanshadthehighestconcentrationsofserumbeta-cryptoxanthinandthelowestconcentrationsofserumtrans-lycopeneandtotallycopene(Tables21a124a125a1210a126a129a1211a1and212a1)

Changes in geometric mean concentrations across survey cyclesbull SerumvitaminAconcentrationsincreasedbetween1999ndash2000and2001ndash2002then

heldsteadythroughthe2005ndash2006surveyperiod(Table21b)bull SerumvitaminEandgamma-tocopherolconcentrationsheldsteadybetween1999ndash

2000and2005ndash2006(Tables24band25b)bull Serumalpha-carotenetrans-beta-carotenebeta-cryptoxanthinluteinzeaxanthin

andtrans-lycopeneconcentrationsdidnotchangeappreciablyacrossthesurveycycles(Tables26b27b29b210band211b)

bull Prevalenceestimatesofloworhighbiochemicalindicatorconcentrationsbull In2005ndash2006lessthan1ofthepopulationaged6yearsandolderhadavitaminA

orvitaminEdeficiencydefinedaslt20microgdLandlt500microgdLrespectively(Tables21c1and24c)About2howeverwereatriskforanexcessofvitaminAorgt100microgdL(Table21c2)

bull Between1999and2006theprevalenceoflowserumvitaminAwaslessthan1ofallpersons(Table21d1)andtheprevalenceofhighserumvitaminAwas1ndash2ofallpersons(Table21d2)

bull Between1999and2006theprevalenceoflowserumvitaminEwas2orlessforalmostallgroupsexceptforadolescentsforwhomtheprevalencewas2ndash4(Table24d)


Tabl

e 2

1a

1 S

erum

vit

amin

A C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

547

(53

8 ndash

556

)29

6(2

87

ndash 30

5)

325

(31

8 ndash

332

)55

2(5

42

ndash 56

1)

878

(85

6 ndash

905

)96

7(9

31

ndash 10

1)7

254

Age

gro

up6ndash

11 y

ears

364

(35

6 ndash

372

)22

8(1

99

ndash 24

8)

256

(24

3 ndash

269

)36

6(3

59

ndash 37

3)

524

(49

1 ndash

543

)54

4(5

33

ndash 57

3)

860

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

465

(45

4 ndash

477

)28

9(2

86

ndash 29

6)

320

(30

6 ndash

330

)46

0(4

46

ndash 47

5)

696

(66

9 ndash

731

)75

7(7

14

ndash 82

9)

195

420

ndash39

year

s54

3(5

33

ndash 55

3)

312

(29

2 ndash

321

)33

9(3

22

ndash 35

1)

547

(53

5 ndash

556

)84

4(8

19

ndash 87

9)

891

(87

2 ndash

933

)1

688

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

587

(57

7 ndash

597

)33

1(3

14

ndash 34

2)

368

(36

0 ndash

380

)59

5(5

81

ndash 60

4)

903

(87

2 ndash

943

)10

0(9

47

ndash 10

7)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er64

4(6

28

ndash 66

1)

364

(31

6 ndash

388

)40

2(3

82

ndash 43

0)

649

(63

1 ndash

670

)99

8(9

62

ndash 10

2)10

8(1

05 ndash

115

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es57

2(5

63

ndash 58

2)

303

(29

2 ndash

312

)33

6(3

27

ndash 34

8)

580

(57

1 ndash

590

)89

0(8

65

ndash 93

0)

100

(93

3 ndash

104)

354

7Fe

mal

es52

4(5

13

ndash 53

5)

289

(27

7 ndash

301

)31

9(3

12

ndash 32

6)

524

(50

8 ndash

538

)85

9(8

33

ndash 88

7)

948

(89

8 ndash

103)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

484

(47

3 ndash

495

)27

8(2

62

ndash 28

6)

303

(29

3 ndash

312

)48

8(4

68

ndash 50

2)

737

(71

9 ndash

770

)82

1(7

62

ndash 88

4)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks48

3(4

73

ndash 49

3)

257

(23

8 ndash

275

)28

8(2

76

ndash 29

8)

481

(47

0 ndash

495

)82

0(7

84

ndash 85

5)

897

(86

1 ndash

936

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s57

4(5

64

ndash 58

4)

315

(30

6 ndash

324

)34

8(3

30

ndash 36

2)

579

(56

8 ndash

590

)89

8(8

76

ndash 93

3)

100

(95

6 ndash

104)

297

3

6minus11 12minus19 20minus39 40minus59 60+

0 20

40 60

80

Serum vita

min A

(μgdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80

NonminusHispanic Blacks NonminusHispanic Whites

Figure 21a Serum vitamin A Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Serum vita

min A

Serum vita

min A

(μgdL

) (μgdL

) 0

20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

6minus11 12minus19 20minus39

Females

40minus59 60+ 6minus11 12minus19 20minus39

Males

40minus59 60+

Mexican Americans NonminusHispanic Blacks NonminusHispanic Whites

6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)

20minus39 40minus59 60+ 6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)

20minus39 40minus59 60+

2 Fat-Soluble 1 WaterVitamins amp Nutr-Soluble Vitaminsients 9595


Table 21a2 Serum vitamin A Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)

Selected percentiles (95 conf interval) Sample size10th 50th 90th

Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 547 (538 ndash 556) 366 (358 ndash 374) 552 (542 ndash 561) 800 (781 ndash 822) 72546ndash11 years 364 (356 ndash 372) 280 (275 ndash 291) 366 (359 ndash 373) 475 (457 ndash 501) 86012ndash19 years 465 (454 ndash 477) 352 (339 ndash 359) 460 (446 ndash 475) 632 (607 ndash 669) 195420ndash39 years 543 (533 ndash 553) 381 (365 ndash 392) 547 (535 ndash 556) 777 (741 ndash 816) 168840ndash59 years 587 (577 ndash 597) 412 (395 ndash 430) 595 (581 ndash 604) 810 (790 ndash 852) 136560 years and older 644 (628 ndash 661) 464 (447 ndash 479) 649 (631 ndash 670) 884 (860 ndash 917) 1387MalesTotal 6 years and older 572 (563 ndash 582) 385 (378 ndash 392) 580 (571 ndash 590) 818 (797 ndash 850) 35476ndash11 years 364 (354 ndash 373) 281 (264 ndash 291) 363 (350 ndash 372) 475 (457 ndash 516) 42712ndash19 years 482 (469 ndash 496) 364 (353 ndash 377) 481 (463 ndash 498) 645 (629 ndash 674) 98020ndash39 years 591 (577 ndash 605) 444 (423 ndash 460) 584 (568 ndash 602) 809 (768 ndash 845) 73840ndash59 years 618 (607 ndash 630) 442 (416 ndash 471) 632 (624 ndash 642) 845 (801 ndash 920) 67360 years and older 660 (639 ndash 681) 484 (460 ndash 500) 664 (637 ndash 687) 904 (863 ndash 972) 729FemalesTotal 6 years and older 524 (513 ndash 535) 356 (343 ndash 364) 524 (508 ndash 538) 775 (750 ndash 790) 37076ndash11 years 365 (353 ndash 378) 280 (275 ndash 294) 369 (359 ndash 380) 470 (451 ndash 523) 43312ndash19 years 447 (435 ndash 459) 337 (333 ndash 350) 438 (427 ndash 451) 607 (570 ndash 666) 97420ndash39 years 500 (487 ndash 513) 345 (327 ndash 361) 493 (483 ndash 509) 726 (695 ndash 759) 95040ndash59 years 559 (541 ndash 577) 399 (369 ndash 412) 558 (538 ndash 585) 784 (742 ndash 828) 69260 years and older 632 (613 ndash 652) 451 (430 ndash 472) 639 (625 ndash 657) 877 (840 ndash 912) 658

Table 21a3 Serum vitamin A Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 484 (473 ndash 495) 334 (326 ndash 342) 488 (468 ndash 502) 686 (667 ndash 703) 18446ndash11 years 356 (344 ndash 370) 276 (248 ndash 289) 358 (338 ndash 376) 462 (450 ndash 482) 29512ndash19 years 449 (433 ndash 464) 341 (334 ndash 350) 444 (432 ndash 461) 588 (556 ndash 647) 64620ndash39 years 501 (491 ndash 512) 360 (333 ndash 373) 503 (487 ndash 533) 691 (668 ndash 727) 44940ndash59 years 536 (524 ndash 548) 390 (366 ndash 410) 526 (507 ndash 556) 717 (672 ndash 853) 24660 years and older 555 (528 ndash 583) 408 (373 ndash 428) 570 (547 ndash 584) 781 (729 ndash 854) 208MalesTotal 6 years and older 519 (500 ndash 539) 365 (337 ndash 385) 533 (502 ndash 559) 707 (688 ndash 733) 8836ndash11 years 356 (339 ndash 374) 272 (240 ndash 288) 354 (330 ndash 387) 468 (456 ndash 491) 14512ndash19 years 474 (456 ndash 493) 361 (338 ndash 380) 470 (450 ndash 486) 609 (587 ndash 657) 31320ndash39 years 548 (524 ndash 573) 413 (366 ndash 439) 560 (540 ndash 590) 706 (680 ndash 743) 19840ndash59 years 591 (560 ndash 623) 458 (429 ndash 474) 579 (539 ndash 631) 777 (705 ndash 110) 12260 years and older 576 (533 ndash 623) 426dagger (198 ndash 474) 576 (551 ndash 620) 795dagger (706 ndash 930) 105FemalesTotal 6 years and older 447 (440 ndash 455) 321 (313 ndash 327) 437 (427 ndash 452) 642 (621 ndash 670) 9616ndash11 years 357 (346 ndash 368) 280 (240 ndash 294) 360 (343 ndash 376) 457 (422 ndash 527) 15012ndash19 years 423 (410 ndash 437) 333 (322 ndash 338) 416 (402 ndash 430) 559 (523 ndash 615) 33320ndash39 years 450 (439 ndash 462) 319 (298 ndash 338) 432 (417 ndash 466) 666 (612 ndash 695) 25140ndash59 years 484 (471 ndash 497) 356 (324 ndash 374) 491 (465 ndash 502) 639 (577 ndash 813) 12460 years and older 538 (509 ndash 569) 394dagger (329 ndash 423) 535 (514 ndash 589) 759dagger (729 ndash 830) 103dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 21a4 Serum vitamin A Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 21a5 Serum vitamin A Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 21b Serum vitamin A Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 1999ndash2000 528 (518 ndash 538) 307 (298 ndash 316) 535 (522 ndash 549) 856 (839 ndash 872) 7102 2001ndash2002 552 (541 ndash 564) 326 (318 ndash 335) 560 (547 ndash 573) 884 (866 ndash 916) 7935 2005ndash2006 547 (538 ndash 556) 325 (318 ndash 332) 552 (542 ndash 561) 878 (856 ndash 905) 7254Age group3ndash5 years 1999ndash2000 323 (316 ndash 331) 220 (190 ndash 231) 331 (315 ndash 346) 462 (411 ndash 663) 352 2001ndash2002 338 (331 ndash 346) 243 (165 ndash 255) 340 (331 ndash 352) 471 (443 ndash 503) 4306ndash11 years 1999ndash2000 351 (345 ndash 356) 253 (236 ndash 261) 354 (350 ndash 358) 485 (461 ndash 523) 866 2001ndash2002 373 (362 ndash 385) 265 (258 ndash 274) 373 (362 ndash 390) 516 (501 ndash 540) 1014 2005ndash2006 364 (356 ndash 372) 256 (243 ndash 269) 366 (359 ndash 373) 524 (491 ndash 543) 86012ndash19 years 1999ndash2000 457 (447 ndash 466) 301 (291 ndash 309) 458 (450 ndash 469) 694 (669 ndash 718) 2111 2001ndash2002 480 (471 ndash 489) 318 (304 ndash 333) 485 (476 ndash 493) 712 (690 ndash 742) 2206 2005ndash2006 465 (454 ndash 477) 320 (306 ndash 330) 460 (446 ndash 475) 696 (669 ndash 731) 195420ndash39 years 1999ndash2000 521 (508 ndash 534) 330 (311 ndash 343) 528 (512 ndash 545) 803 (779 ndash 830) 1461 2001ndash2002 548 (533 ndash 563) 342 (326 ndash 353) 558 (544 ndash 575) 834 (809 ndash 866) 1716 2005ndash2006 543 (533 ndash 553) 339 (322 ndash 351) 547 (535 ndash 556) 844 (819 ndash 879) 168840ndash59 years 1999ndash2000 590 (576 ndash 606) 359 (342 ndash 381) 598 (579 ndash 615) 904 (864 ndash 968) 1191 2001ndash2002 603 (592 ndash 615) 375 (348 ndash 399) 612 (598 ndash 627) 946 (903 ndash 978) 1474 2005ndash2006 587 (577 ndash 597) 368 (360 ndash 380) 595 (581 ndash 604) 903 (872 ndash 943) 136560 years and older 1999ndash2000 625 (611 ndash 640) 397 (363 ndash 419) 630 (613 ndash 650) 943 (901 ndash 995) 1473 2001ndash2002 650 (636 ndash 665) 403 (380 ndash 414) 654 (641 ndash 674) 102 (986 ndash 108) 1525 2005ndash2006 644 (628 ndash 661) 402 (382 ndash 430) 649 (631 ndash 670) 998 (962 ndash 102) 1387Gender(6 years and older)Males 1999ndash2000 558 (544 ndash 573) 319 (301 ndash 338) 575 (558 ndash 588) 863 (846 ndash 906) 3450 2001ndash2002 585 (572 ndash 598) 344 (334 ndash 355) 598 (580 ndash 617) 915 (887 ndash 937) 3841 2005ndash2006 572 (563 ndash 582) 336 (327 ndash 348) 580 (571 ndash 590) 890 (865 ndash 930) 3547Females 1999ndash2000 501 (491 ndash 511) 302 (287 ndash 312) 500 (488 ndash 510) 841 (812 ndash 870) 3652 2001ndash2002 523 (511 ndash 535) 317 (309 ndash 324) 525 (510 ndash 539) 866 (840 ndash 883) 4094 2005ndash2006 524 (513 ndash 535) 319 (312 ndash 326) 524 (508 ndash 538) 859 (833 ndash 887) 3707Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 1999ndash2000 470 (461 ndash 478) 290 (280 ndash 297) 469 (455 ndash 483) 756 (736 ndash 790) 2410 2001ndash2002 486 (472 ndash 500) 298 (288 ndash 307) 488 (474 ndash 504) 766 (734 ndash 821) 1991 2005ndash2006 484 (473 ndash 495) 303 (293 ndash 312) 488 (468 ndash 502) 737 (719 ndash 770) 1844Non-Hispanic Blacks 1999ndash2000 458 (442 ndash 474) 278 (264 ndash 283) 454 (431 ndash 476) 757 (725 ndash 811) 1590 2001ndash2002 472 (461 ndash 483) 282 (274 ndash 289) 470 (453 ndash 486) 802 (773 ndash 857) 1864 2005ndash2006 483 (473 ndash 493) 288 (276 ndash 298) 481 (470 ndash 495) 820 (784 ndash 855) 1891Non-Hispanic Whites 1999ndash2000 556 (542 ndash 571) 334 (312 ndash 347) 568 (550 ndash 582) 873 (854 ndash 905) 2456 2001ndash2002 579 (564 ndash 595) 347 (331 ndash 362) 589 (568 ndash 607) 913 (889 ndash 935) 3455 2005ndash2006 574 (564 ndash 584) 348 (330 ndash 362) 579 (568 ndash 590) 898 (876 ndash 933) 2973

5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

i

i i

70

i i i

i i

i

i

i

i

i i

i i

i

i

i i

i i i

i i

i

i i

i

i i i

40

60

80

100

95th

Per

cent

ile

i i i

i i

i i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i i i

i

i i

i

i i

Figure 21b Serum vitamin A Concentrations by survey cycle Selected percentiles in μgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

60

50

40

30

40

35

30

25

20

15

i

i i

i

i i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Total 3minus5y 6minus11y 12minus19y 20+y Males Females MA NHB NHW (6+y) (6+y) (6+y) (6+y) (6+y) (6+y)



Table 21c1 Serum vitamin A PrevalencePrevalence (in percent) of low serum vitamin A concentration (lt 20 microgdL) for the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Sample size

Prevalence

(95 conf interval)

Estimated total number of persons

Total 6 years and older 7254 03 (01 ndash 05) 711000Age group 6ndash11 years 860 10 (06 ndash 15) 231000 12ndash19 years 1954 sect sect 20ndash39 years 1688 sect sect 40ndash59 years 1365 sect sect 60 years and older 1387 sect sectGender Males 3547 sect sect Females 3707 02Dagger (01 ndash 04) 317000DaggerRaceethnicity Mexican Americans 1844 sect sect Non-Hispanic Blacks 1891 05 (03 ndash 07) 145000 Non-Hispanic Whites 2973 02Dagger (01 ndash 05) 386000DaggerDagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Table 21c2 Serum vitamin A PrevalencePrevalence (in percent) of high serum vitamin A concentration (gt 100 microgdL) for the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Sample size

Prevalence (95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 7254 21 (16 ndash 27) 5573000Age group 6ndash11 years 860 sect sect 12ndash19 years 1954 sect sect 20ndash39 years 1688 11Dagger (05 ndash 23) 847000Dagger 40ndash59 years 1365 27 (18 ndash 39) 2182000 60 years and older 1387 48 (38 ndash 60) 2301000Gender Males 3547 25 (18 ndash 34) 3265000 Females 3707 17 (10 ndash 29) 2306000Raceethnicity Mexican Americans 1844 05Dagger (03 ndash 11) 129000Dagger Non-Hispanic Blacks 1891 11 (06 ndash 20) 348000 Non-Hispanic Whites 2973 26 (20 ndash 35) 4752000Dagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Table 21d1 Serum vitamin A Prevalence by survey cyclePrevalence (in percent) of low serum vitamin A concentration (lt 20 microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Sample size Prevalence (95 conf interval) Estimated total number of personsTotal 6 years and older 1999ndash2000 7102 01 (01 ndash 02) 360000 2001ndash2002 7935 03 (02 ndash 04) 698000 2005ndash2006 7254 03 (01 ndash 05) 711000Age group3ndash5 years 1999ndash2000 352 sect sect 2001ndash2002 430 sect sect6ndash11 years 1999ndash2000 866 10 (06 ndash 16) 243000 2001ndash2002 1014 sect sect 2005ndash2006 860 10 (06 ndash 15) 23100012ndash19 years 1999ndash2000 2111 sect sect 2001ndash2002 2206 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1954 sect sect20ndash39 years 1999ndash2000 1461 sect sect 2001ndash2002 1716 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1688 sect sect40ndash59 years 1999ndash2000 1191 sect sect 2001ndash2002 1474 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1365 sect sect60 years and older 1999ndash2000 1473 sect sect 2001ndash2002 1525 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1387 sect sectGender(6 years and older)Males 1999ndash2000 3450 01Dagger (01 ndash 03) 179000Dagger 2001ndash2002 3841 04 (02 ndash 07) 456000 2005ndash2006 3547 sect sectFemales 1999ndash2000 3652 01 (01 ndash 02) 181000 2001ndash2002 4094 02Dagger (01 ndash 04) 242000Dagger 2005ndash2006 3707 02Dagger (01 ndash 04) 317000DaggerRaceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 1999ndash2000 2410 04Dagger (02 ndash 08) 75000Dagger 2001ndash2002 1991 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1844 sect sectNon-Hispanic Blacks 1999ndash2000 1590 05 (03 ndash 08) 153000 2001ndash2002 1864 07 (03 ndash 12) 201000 2005ndash2006 1891 05 (03 ndash 07) 145000Non-Hispanic Whites 1999ndash2000 2456 sect sect 2001ndash2002 3455 02Dagger (01 ndash 05) 398000Dagger 2005ndash2006 2973 02Dagger (01 ndash 05) 386000DaggerDagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Table 21d2 Serum vitamin A Prevalence by survey cyclePrevalence (in percent) of high serum vitamin A concentration (gt 100 microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Sample size Prevalence (95 conf interval) Estimated total number of personsTotal 6 years and older 1999ndash2000 7102 13 (10 ndash 18) 3312000 2001ndash2002 7935 20 (16 ndash 25) 5242000 2005ndash2006 7254 21 (16 ndash 27) 5573000Age group3ndash5 years 1999ndash2000 352 sect sect 2001ndash2002 430 sect sect6ndash11 years 1999ndash2000 866 sect sect 2001ndash2002 1014 sect sect 2005ndash2006 860 sect sect12ndash19 years 1999ndash2000 2111 sect sect 2001ndash2002 2206 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1954 sect sect20ndash39 years 1999ndash2000 1461 sect sect 2001ndash2002 1716 06Dagger (02 ndash 13) 437000Dagger 2005ndash2006 1688 11Dagger (05 ndash 23) 847000Dagger40ndash59 years 1999ndash2000 1191 24 (14 ndash 40) 1688000 2001ndash2002 1474 29 (20 ndash 44) 2222000 2005ndash2006 1365 27 (18 ndash 39) 218200060 years and older 1999ndash2000 1473 32 (21 ndash 48) 1381000 2001ndash2002 1525 59 (43 ndash 80) 2628000 2005ndash2006 1387 48 (38 ndash 60) 2301000Gender(6 years and older)Males 1999ndash2000 3450 14 (09 ndash 24) 1741000 2001ndash2002 3841 24 (19 ndash 30) 3013000 2005ndash2006 3547 25 (18 ndash 34) 3265000Females 1999ndash2000 3652 12 (07 ndash 20) 1570000 2001ndash2002 4094 17 (12 ndash 24) 2226000 2005ndash2006 3707 17 (10 ndash 29) 2306000Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 1999ndash2000 2410 sect sect 2001ndash2002 1991 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1844 05Dagger (03 ndash 11) 129000DaggerNon-Hispanic Blacks 1999ndash2000 1590 12 (07 ndash 22) 376000 2001ndash2002 1864 17Dagger (08 ndash 37) 519000Dagger 2005ndash2006 1891 11 (06 ndash 20) 348000Non-Hispanic Whites 1999ndash2000 2456 17 (12 ndash 24) 2962000 2001ndash2002 3455 24 (19 ndash 29) 4296000 2005ndash2006 2973 26 (20 ndash 35) 4752000Dagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Tabl

e 2

2a

1 S

erum

reti

nyl p

alm

itat

e C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

211

(20

5 ndash

217

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

08(1

99

ndash 2

17)

567

(53

5 ndash

603

)7

35(6

93

ndash 7

96)

694

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs2

15(2

01

ndash 2

29)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

214

(19

3 ndash

227

)5

01(4

70

ndash 5

81)

618

(56

7 ndash

884

)82

712

ndash19

year

s1

90(1

84

ndash 1

97)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

183

(17

4 ndash

194

)4

78(4

51

ndash 5

37)

619

(57

7 ndash

677

)1

865

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

213

(20

4 ndash

223

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

18(2

03

ndash 2

29)

500

(46

7 ndash

536

)6

31(5

70

ndash 7

62)

162

040

ndash59

year

s2

14(2

04

ndash 2

25)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

212

(20

0 ndash

224

)6

15(5

46

ndash 6

80)

758

(67

4 ndash

910

)1

315

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

14(2

01

ndash 2

28)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

204

(18

8 ndash

223

)6

87(6

04

ndash 8

01)

880

(78

6 ndash

117

)1

319

Gen

der

Mal

es2

15(2

08

ndash 2

23)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

214

(20

4 ndash

224

)5

89(5

50

ndash 6

32)

726

(67

8 ndash

826

)3

397

Fem

ales

207

(20

1 ndash

212

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

01(1

94

ndash 2

11)

551

(49

6 ndash

612

)7

45(6

53

ndash 8

14)

354

9Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

185

(17

8 ndash

191

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D1

78(1

69

ndash 1

88)

477

(44

0 ndash

518

)5

69(5

19

ndash 7

49)

174

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks2

04(1

90

ndash 2

19)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

203

(18

4 ndash

220

)5

00(4

65

ndash 5

76)

636

(57

0 ndash

756

)1

842

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s2

17(2

10

ndash 2

25)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

217

(20

4 ndash

227

)6

02(5

60

ndash 6

49)

782

(70

4 ndash

874

)2

838

lt LO

D m

eans

less

than

the

limit

of d

etec

tion

whi

ch m

ay v

ary

for s

ome

com

poun

ds b

y ye

ar S

ee A

ppen

dix

D fo

r LO

D


0 1

2 3

4

Seru

m re

tinyl

pal

mita

te(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4


Figure 22a Serum retinyl palmitate Concentrations by age group Geometric Mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Seru

m re

tinyl

pal

mita

teSe

rum

retin

yl p

alm

itate

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

01

23

4 0

12

3

6minus11 12minus19 20minus39 40minus59 60+ 6minus11 12minus19 20minus39 40minus59 60+

Females Males



Age (years) Age (years)




Table 22a2 Serum retinyl palmitate Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 211 (205 ndash 217) lt LOD 208 (199 ndash 217) 440 (428 ndash 454) 69466ndash11 years 215 (201 ndash 229) lt LOD 214 (193 ndash 227) 419 (402 ndash 462) 82712ndash19 years 190 (184 ndash 197) lt LOD 183 (174 ndash 194) 379 (360 ndash 410) 186520ndash39 years 213 (204 ndash 223) lt LOD 218 (203 ndash 229) 416 (386 ndash 443) 162040ndash59 years 214 (204 ndash 225) lt LOD 212 (200 ndash 224) 457 (423 ndash 515) 131560 years and older 214 (201 ndash 228) lt LOD 204 (188 ndash 223) 499 (454 ndash 560) 1319MalesTotal 6 years and older 215 (208 ndash 223) lt LOD 214 (204 ndash 224) 452 (439 ndash 469) 33976ndash11 years 226 (205 ndash 248) lt LOD 222 (202 ndash 236) 456 (413 ndash 545) 41112ndash19 years 193 (182 ndash 205) lt LOD 185 (172 ndash 202) 384 (355 ndash 426) 93520ndash39 years 224 (209 ndash 239) lt LOD 230 (214 ndash 243) 442 (404 ndash 469) 71440ndash59 years 215 (201 ndash 230) lt LOD 214 (201 ndash 227) 466 (429 ndash 553) 65060 years and older 214 (201 ndash 228) lt LOD 203 (187 ndash 225) 504 (447 ndash 560) 687FemalesTotal 6 years and older 207 (201 ndash 212) lt LOD 201 (194 ndash 211) 429 (413 ndash 444) 35496ndash11 years 205 (186 ndash 225) lt LOD 203 (181 ndash 225) 402 (376 ndash 441) 41612ndash19 years 188 (180 ndash 195) lt LOD 182 (169 ndash 192) 369 (344 ndash 431) 93020ndash39 years 202 (194 ndash 211) lt LOD 203 (191 ndash 218) 387 (365 ndash 431) 90640ndash59 years 213 (203 ndash 224) lt LOD 210 (197 ndash 224) 448 (400 ndash 550) 66560 years and older 214 (197 ndash 233) lt LOD 205 (178 ndash 231) 495 (436 ndash 643) 632lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD

Table 22a3 Serum retinyl palmitate Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 185 (178 ndash 191) lt LOD 178 (169 ndash 188) 384 (360 ndash 409) 17466ndash11 years 179 (167 ndash 191) lt LOD 168 (158 ndash 180) 366 (309 ndash 425) 27512ndash19 years 165 (156 ndash 174) lt LOD 162 (157 ndash 167) 311 (287 ndash 351) 61420ndash39 years 190 (177 ndash 204) lt LOD 187 (168 ndash 204) 394 (368 ndash 449) 43240ndash59 years 189 (178 ndash 202) lt LOD 181 (167 ndash 200) 408 (350 ndash 479) 23360 years and older 195 (178 ndash 214) lt LOD 179 (163 ndash 206) 457 (378 ndash 589) 192MalesTotal 6 years and older 191 (180 ndash 203) lt LOD 184 (169 ndash 200) 399 (370 ndash 470) 8326ndash11 years 173 (156 ndash 191) lt LOD 160 (151 ndash 179) 368 (285 ndash 504) 13612ndash19 years 169 (156 ndash 183) lt LOD 164 (156 ndash 175) 312 (270 ndash 394) 29420ndash39 years 199 (174 ndash 227) lt LOD 195 (167 ndash 227) 421 (382 ndash 531) 19340ndash59 years 205 (186 ndash 226) lt LOD 198 (155 ndash 244) 435 (376 ndash 544) 11460 years and older 186 (156 ndash 222) lt LODdagger 176 (135 ndash 241) 445dagger (355 ndash 543) 95FemalesTotal 6 years and older 178 (170 ndash 185) lt LOD 172 (163 ndash 183) 356 (344 ndash 371) 9146ndash11 years 185 (170 ndash 202) lt LOD 176 (163 ndash 194) 364 (314 ndash 487) 13912ndash19 years 161 (152 ndash 170) lt LOD 160 (147 ndash 169) 309 (279 ndash 366) 32020ndash39 years 179 (163 ndash 198) lt LOD 177 (153 ndash 203) 356 (332 ndash 389) 23940ndash59 years 175 (163 ndash 188) lt LOD 172 (152 ndash 195) 352 (324 ndash 447) 11960 years and older 202 (177 ndash 232) lt LODdagger 179 (158 ndash 224) 459dagger (330 ndash 850) 97lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 22a4 Serum retinyl palmitate Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 204 (190 ndash 219) lt LOD 203 (184 ndash 220) 413 (385 ndash 448) 18426ndash11 years 249 (219 ndash 282) lt LOD 249 (213 ndash 301) 482 (458 ndash 544) 23812ndash19 years 203 (188 ndash 221) lt LOD 199 (184 ndash 223) 405 (358 ndash 459) 64320ndash39 years 212 (192 ndash 235) lt LOD 210 (191 ndash 227) 423 (381 ndash 467) 36340ndash59 years 196 (182 ndash 212) lt LOD 194 (173 ndash 221) 388 (359 ndash 461) 32660 years and older 177 (160 ndash 196) lt LOD 165 (144 ndash 189) 395 (326 ndash 467) 272MalesTotal 6 years and older 215 (199 ndash 232) lt LOD 216 (200 ndash 230) 445 (388 ndash 502) 9216ndash11 years 266 (234 ndash 303) lt LOD 271 (235 ndash 296) 534 (454 ndash 633) 12712ndash19 years 217 (198 ndash 238) lt LOD 213 (188 ndash 236) 449 (367 ndash 539) 33020ndash39 years 229 (205 ndash 256) lt LOD 228 (205 ndash 256) 445 (373 ndash 585) 16840ndash59 years 199 (180 ndash 221) lt LOD 212 (169 ndash 230) 384 (342 ndash 734) 15360 years and older 179 (159 ndash 201) lt LOD 162 (132 ndash 199) 464 (340 ndash 535) 143FemalesTotal 6 years and older 195 (179 ndash 212) lt LOD 192 (174 ndash 214) 393 (380 ndash 422) 9216ndash11 years 232 (194 ndash 277) lt LODdagger 237 (187 ndash 287) 460dagger (424 ndash 512) 11112ndash19 years 190 (171 ndash 212) lt LOD 191 (165 ndash 219) 355 (339 ndash 426) 31320ndash39 years 199 (175 ndash 225) lt LOD 201 (173 ndash 224) 392 (370 ndash 467) 19540ndash59 years 194 (176 ndash 214) lt LOD 188 (169 ndash 211) 392 (361 ndash 447) 17360 years and older 176 (152 ndash 203) lt LOD 166 (143 ndash 202) 354 (307 ndash 422) 129lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size

Table 22a5 Serum retinyl palmitate Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 217 (210 ndash 225) lt LOD 217 (204 ndash 227) 454 (439 ndash 471) 28386ndash11 years 218 (197 ndash 241) lt LOD 216 (187 ndash 230) 419 (382 ndash 482) 22412ndash19 years 193 (184 ndash 203) lt LOD 185 (170 ndash 201) 392 (356 ndash 447) 47520ndash39 years 221 (207 ndash 236) lt LOD 230 (212 ndash 244) 432 (385 ndash 466) 67640ndash59 years 220 (208 ndash 233) lt LOD 221 (202 ndash 234) 466 (433 ndash 545) 65860 years and older 220 (205 ndash 237) lt LOD 212 (191 ndash 235) 516 (463 ndash 586) 805MalesTotal 6 years and older 222 (212 ndash 232) lt LOD 221 (208 ndash 230) 466 (445 ndash 499) 14076ndash11 years 228 (197 ndash 263) lt LODdagger 222 (195 ndash 261) 452dagger (380 ndash 592) 10712ndash19 years 194 (179 ndash 210) lt LOD 187 (168 ndash 210) 380 (340 ndash 467) 24520ndash39 years 235 (214 ndash 257) lt LOD 240 (222 ndash 259) 449 (409 ndash 504) 29340ndash59 years 221 (206 ndash 236) lt LOD 220 (202 ndash 235) 477 (435 ndash 602) 33960 years and older 220 (204 ndash 238) lt LOD 210 (189 ndash 236) 516 (450 ndash 579) 423FemalesTotal 6 years and older 213 (205 ndash 221) lt LOD 213 (196 ndash 226) 441 (425 ndash 465) 14316ndash11 years 207 (177 ndash 243) lt LOD 210 (175 ndash 239) 405 (350 ndash 451) 11712ndash19 years 192 (181 ndash 204) lt LOD 181 (167 ndash 198) 398 (330 ndash 457) 23020ndash39 years 208 (194 ndash 223) lt LOD 221 (191 ndash 236) 407 (357 ndash 465) 38340ndash59 years 220 (206 ndash 234) lt LOD 221 (197 ndash 240) 454 (405 ndash 585) 31960 years and older 220 (199 ndash 242) lt LOD 215 (180 ndash 241) 515 (445 ndash 671) 382lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 22b Serum retinyl palmitate Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 1999ndash2000 123 (104 ndash 146) lt LOD 147 (127 ndash 170) 495 (458 ndash 583) 5589 2001ndash2002 192 (183 ndash 202) 690 (537 ndash 696) 193 (185 ndash 201) 549 (516 ndash 586) 7641 2005ndash2006 211 (205 ndash 217) lt LOD 208 (199 ndash 217) 567 (535 ndash 603) 6946Age group3ndash5 years 1999ndash2000 146 (116 ndash 184) lt LOD 167 (133 ndash 197) 539 (482 ndash 878) 278 2001ndash2002 188 (171 ndash 206) 482 (lt LOD ndash 710) 182 (169 ndash 202) 562 (479 ndash 877) 4126ndash11 years 1999ndash2000 133 (107 ndash 167) lt LOD 164 (129 ndash 202) 575 (455 ndash 888) 651 2001ndash2002 202 (190 ndash 215) 700 (462 ndash 801) 215 (203 ndash 225) 532 (479 ndash 585) 967 2005ndash2006 215 (201 ndash 229) lt LOD 214 (193 ndash 227) 501 (470 ndash 581) 82712ndash19 years 1999ndash2000 117 (963 ndash 141) lt LOD 141 (112 ndash 168) 411 (371 ndash 477) 1620 2001ndash2002 171 (161 ndash 180) 560 (500 ndash 692) 177 (166 ndash 187) 421 (398 ndash 447) 2122 2005ndash2006 190 (184 ndash 197) lt LOD 183 (174 ndash 194) 478 (451 ndash 537) 186520ndash39 years 1999ndash2000 114 (928 ndash 139) lt LOD 140 (121 ndash 162) 458 (414 ndash 567) 1201 2001ndash2002 191 (177 ndash 206) 643 (543 ndash 720) 191 (179 ndash 203) 514 (465 ndash 579) 1655 2005ndash2006 213 (204 ndash 223) lt LOD 218 (203 ndash 229) 500 (467 ndash 536) 162040ndash59 years 1999ndash2000 130 (106 ndash 159) lt LOD 155 (130 ndash 184) 549 (461 ndash 683) 959 2001ndash2002 199 (187 ndash 211) 623 (529 ndash 698) 196 (189 ndash 206) 570 (519 ndash 653) 1429 2005ndash2006 214 (204 ndash 225) lt LOD 212 (200 ndash 224) 615 (546 ndash 680) 131560 years and older 1999ndash2000 134 (111 ndash 162) lt LOD 154 (129 ndash 189) 578 (487 ndash 647) 1158 2001ndash2002 196 (182 ndash 211) 522 (453 ndash 580) 191 (175 ndash 213) 679 (611 ndash 783) 1468 2005ndash2006 214 (201 ndash 228) lt LOD 204 (188 ndash 223) 687 (604 ndash 801) 1319Gender(6 years and older)Males 1999ndash2000 138 (117 ndash 163) lt LOD 161 (140 ndash 182) 522 (465 ndash 594) 2676 2001ndash2002 201 (190 ndash 212) 636 (544 ndash 687) 201 (191 ndash 212) 571 (531 ndash 620) 3698 2005ndash2006 215 (208 ndash 223) lt LOD 214 (204 ndash 224) 589 (550 ndash 632) 3397

Females 1999ndash2000 111 (922 ndash 133) lt LOD 136 (116 ndash 161) 479 (447 ndash 580) 2913 2001ndash2002 185 (176 ndash 195) 582 (515 ndash 695) 184 (175 ndash 192) 511 (478 ndash 568) 3943 2005ndash2006 207 (201 ndash 212) lt LOD 201 (194 ndash 211) 551 (496 ndash 612) 3549Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 1999ndash2000 759 (635 ndash 906) lt LOD 945 (808 ndash 114) 369 (332 ndash 435) 1463 2001ndash2002 162 (147 ndash 178) 503 (398 ndash 575) 165 (150 ndash 185) 428 (395 ndash 480) 1980 2005ndash2006 185 (178 ndash 191) lt LOD 178 (169 ndash 188) 477 (440 ndash 518) 1746Non-Hispanic Blacks 1999ndash2000 118 (848 ndash 164) lt LOD 148 (107 ndash 199) 506 (441 ndash 581) 1422 2001ndash2002 192 (182 ndash 202) 628 (390 ndash 709) 196 (188 ndash 206) 544 (471 ndash 644) 1734 2005ndash2006 204 (190 ndash 219) lt LOD 203 (184 ndash 220) 500 (465 ndash 576) 1842Non-Hispanic Whites 1999ndash2000 132 (108 ndash 160) lt LOD 157 (133 ndash 184) 512 (460 ndash 648) 2121 2001ndash2002 197 (187 ndash 208) 636 (584 ndash 684) 195 (186 ndash 206) 557 (514 ndash 599) 3318 2005ndash2006 217 (210 ndash 225) lt LOD 217 (204 ndash 227) 602 (560 ndash 649) 2838lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD

Figure 22b Serum retinyl palmitate Concentrations by survey cycle Selected percentiles in μgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006 10

8

(

( ( (

( ( (

(

( (

( (

( (

(

( (

( (

(

(

(

( (

( ( (

( (

5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

6

4

2

25

20

15

10

05

08

07

06

05

04

03

(

(

(

(

(

(

( (

(

( (

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

( (

(

(

(

( (

(

(

(

(

(

( (

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6


Values in the graph are suppressed if either the point estimate or the lower 95 confidence limit is noted as ldquolt LODrdquo in the accompanying table



Tabl

e 2

3a

1 S

erum

reti

nyl s

tear

ate

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

131

(12

3 ndash

148

)1

95(1

79

ndash 2

09)

669

8A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

33(1

08

ndash 1

97)

197

(16

5 ndash

408

)79

212

ndash19

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D9

11(7

43 ndash

11

4)1

48(1

18

ndash 2

00)

180

120

ndash39

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D9

47(8

50 ndash

10

9)1

32(1

14

ndash 1

76)

155

540

ndash59

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

35(1

23

ndash 1

63)

200

(16

8 ndash

231

)1

262

60 y

ears

and

old

er

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

93(1

59

ndash 2

58)

277

(22

6 ndash

358

)1

288

Gen

der

Mal

es

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

40(1

29

ndash 1

54)

194

(18

6 ndash

205

)3

276

Fem

ales

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

125

(10

9 ndash

148

)1

99(1

62

ndash 2

34)

342

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

933

(792

ndash 1

19)

135

(10

8 ndash

207

)1

739

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

896

(829

ndash 1

10)

138

(11

0 ndash

171

)1

699

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

50(1

36

ndash 1

64)

206

(19

3 ndash

236

)2

747

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD

Not

cal

cula

ted

Pro

port

ion

of re

sults

bel

ow li

mit

of d

etec

tion

was

too

high

to p

rovi

de a

val

id re

sult


Noserumretinylstearatefigureforconcentrationsbyagegroupispresentedbecausethegeometricmeanswerenotcalculatedduetotheproportionofresultsbelowthelimitofdetectionbeingtoohighforvalidresults(seeTable23a1)


Table 23a2 Serum retinyl stearate Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 894 (794 ndash 102) 66986ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 972 (730 ndash 121) 79212ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 180120ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 155540ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 944 (810 ndash 116) 126260 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 132 (113 ndash 158) 1288MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 964 (871 ndash 108) 32766ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 103 (lt LOD ndash 176) 39412ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 89820ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 813 (709 ndash 968) 68240ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 993 (842 ndash 117) 62460 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 133 (116 ndash 153) 678FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 839 (741 ndash 960) 34226ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 896 (lt LOD ndash 117) 39812ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 90320ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 87340ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 903 (764 ndash 121) 63860 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 132 (106 ndash 174) 610lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result

Table 23a3 Serum retinyl stearate Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 17396ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 27212ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 60420ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 42840ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 766 (lt LOD ndash 123) 23860 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 902 (707 ndash 132) 197MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 736 (lt LOD ndash 877) 8326ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 13512ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 29020ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 700 (lt LOD ndash 965) 19040ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 851 (lt LOD ndash 195) 11860 years and older lt LODdagger lt LOD 780dagger (lt LOD ndash 326) 99FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 9076ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 13712ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 31420ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 23840ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 12060 years and older lt LODdagger lt LOD 102dagger (lt LOD ndash 197) 98lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 23a4 Serum retinyl stearate Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 16996ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 21912ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 59720ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 32240ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 781 (lt LOD ndash 931) 30160 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 770 (lt LOD ndash 139) 260MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 746 (lt LOD ndash 868) 8496ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 11812ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 30020ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 15240ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 813 (lt LOD ndash 106) 14160 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 106 (lt LOD ndash 155) 138FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 8506ndash11 years lt LODdagger lt LOD lt LODdagger 10112ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 29720ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 17040ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 701 (lt LOD ndash 962) 16060 years and older lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 122lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size

Table 23a5 Serum retinyl stearate Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 101 (932 ndash 110) 27476ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 106 (756 ndash 199) 21212ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 46520ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 727 (lt LOD ndash 878) 66040ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 100 (869 ndash 120) 62760 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 140 (117 ndash 173) 783MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 109 (967 ndash 118) 13706ndash11 years lt LODdagger lt LOD 109dagger (lt LOD ndash 758) 10312ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 740 (lt LOD ndash 105) 24420ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 927 (740 ndash 116) 28340ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 107 (862 ndash 124) 32460 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 139 (119 ndash 165) 416FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 948 (855 ndash 107) 13776ndash11 years lt LODdagger lt LOD 104dagger (755 ndash 295) 10912ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 22120ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 37740ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 953 (798 ndash 131) 30360 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 141 (108 ndash 201) 367lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 23b Serum retinyl stearate Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 112 (983 ndash 144) 4148 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 108 (988 ndash 119) 7690 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 131 (123 ndash 148) 6698Age group3ndash5 years 1999ndash2000 lt LODdagger lt LOD 243dagger (172 ndash 365) 212 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 175 (137 ndash 349) 4166ndash11 years 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 174 (109 ndash 103) 434 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 114 (964 ndash 134) 981 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 133 (108 ndash 197) 79212ndash19 years 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 829 (lt LOD ndash 130) 1194 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD lt LOD 2145 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 911 (743 ndash 114) 180120ndash39 years 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 928 (651 ndash 136) 872 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 721 (693 ndash 893) 1658 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 947 (850 ndash 109) 155540ndash59 years 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 132 (944 ndash 240) 716 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 115 (104 ndash 146) 1422 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 135 (123 ndash 163) 126260 years and older 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 183 (139 ndash 290) 932 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 177 (152 ndash 208) 1484 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 193 (159 ndash 258) 1288Gender(6 years and older)Males 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 113 (987 ndash 166) 2008 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 119 (109 ndash 142) 3710 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 140 (129 ndash 154) 3276Females 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 110 (951 ndash 142) 2140 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 953 (856 ndash 109) 3980 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 125 (109 ndash 148) 3422Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 695 (lt LOD ndash 214) 1002 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 587 (lt LOD ndash 880) 1921 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 933 (792 ndash 119) 1739Non-Hispanic Blacks 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 962 (590 ndash 150) 1060 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 733 (619 ndash 963) 1827 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 896 (829 ndash 110) 1699Non-Hispanic Whites 1999ndash2000 lt LOD lt LOD 127 (100 ndash 181) 1608 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 113 (102 ndash 130) 3331 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 150 (136 ndash 164) 2747lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to cell size


2

4

6

8

10

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

2

4

6

8

10

50th

Per

cent

ile

0

5

10

15

95th

Per

cent

ile

Figure 23b Serum retinyl stearate Concentrations by survey cycleSelected percentiles in microgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and




Tabl

e 2

4a

1 S

erum

vit

amin

E C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

109

0(1

070

ndash 1

120

)57

8(5

63 ndash

587

)63

1(6

20 ndash

642

)1

060

(10

30 ndash

10

80)

209

0(2

010

ndash 2

180

)2

460

(23

10 ndash

26

00)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs82

0(8

00 ndash

841

)54

6(5

18 ndash

573

)58

3(5

63 ndash

601

)80

6(7

88 ndash

826

)1

200

(11

20 ndash

13

70)

136

0(1

230

ndash 1

510

)86

012

ndash19

year

s77

0(7

57 ndash

783

)49

7(4

66 ndash

519

)52

7(5

16 ndash

541

)75

9(7

49 ndash

767

)1

160

(11

30 ndash

12

00)

132

0(1

240

ndash 1

450

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

102

0(9

98 ndash

10

40)

590

(559

ndash 6

19)

645

(621

ndash 6

68)

100

0(9

80 ndash

10

20)

173

0(1

620

ndash 1

900

)1

940

(18

10 ndash

23

80)

168

840

ndash59

year

s1

230

(11

90 ndash

12

60)

702

(656

ndash 7

21)

749

(724

ndash 7

69)

120

0(1

160

ndash 1

240

)2

210

(20

80 ndash

24

00)

251

0(2

260

ndash 3

110

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er1

400

(13

60 ndash

14

40)

704

(611

ndash 7

50)

783

(733

ndash 8

35)

139

0(1

330

ndash 1

430

)2

600

(25

10 ndash

26

60)

290

0(2

710

ndash 3

130

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es1

060

(10

40 ndash

10

90)

559

(543

ndash 5

75)

610

(594

ndash 6

25)

103

0(1

010

ndash 1

070

)2

010

(19

30 ndash

20

90)

236

0(2

160

ndash 2

520

)3

547

Fem

ales

112

0(1

090

ndash 1

140

)59

6(5

85 ndash

612

)65

3(6

39 ndash

664

)1

080

(10

50 ndash

11

00)

217

0(2

080

ndash 2

260

)2

510

(23

70 ndash

26

60)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

101

0(9

80 ndash

10

40)

581

(553

ndash 5

99)

623

(602

ndash 6

37)

976

(945

ndash 1

000

)1

790

(17

50 ndash

18

70)

212

0(1

960

ndash 2

330

)1

844

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

933

(915

ndash 9

51)

548

(530

ndash 5

59)

588

(581

ndash 6

01)

903

(884

ndash 9

18)

166

0(1

560

ndash 1

750

)1

800

(17

40 ndash

20

80)

189

1N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

114

0(1

110

ndash 1

160

)58

4(5

66 ndash

596

)64

3(6

24 ndash

658

)1

110

(10

80 ndash

11

40)

217

0(2

090

ndash 2

270

)2

520

(24

20 ndash

26

90)

297

3



050

010

0015

0020

00

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


050

010

0015

0020

00

NonminusHispanic Blacks

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)


NonminusHispanic Whites


050

010

0015

0020

00

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)

Mexican AmericansNonminusHispanic BlacksNonminusHispanic Whites

Figure 24a Serum vitamin E Concentrations by age groupGeometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006


Table 24a2 Serum vitamin E Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 24a3 Serum vitamin E Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 24a4 Serum vitamin E Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 24a5 Serum vitamin E Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 24b Serum vitamin E Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




400

500

600

700

800

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

600

800

1000

1200

50th

Per

cent

ile

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

95th

Per

cent

ile

Figure 24b Serum vitamin E Concentrations by survey cycleSelected percentiles in microgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and



Table 24c Serum vitamin E PrevalencePrevalence (in percent) of low serum vitamin E concentration (lt 500 microgdL) for the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Sample size

Prevalence

(95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 7254 07 (05 ndash 09) 1835000Age group6ndash11 years 860 09Dagger (04 ndash 20) 221000Dagger12ndash19 years 1954 26 (16 ndash 43) 88500020ndash39 years 1688 sect sect40ndash59 years 1365 03Dagger (01 ndash 06) 237000Dagger60 years and older 1387 04 (03 ndash 07) 209000GenderMales 3547 09 (06 ndash 12) 1110000Females 3707 05 (03 ndash 08) 725000RaceethnicityMexican Americans 1844 sect sectNon-Hispanic Blacks 1891 12 (09 ndash 17) 396000Non-Hispanic Whites 2973 06 (04 ndash 08) 1059000Dagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Table 24d Serum vitamin E Prevalence by survey cyclePrevalence (in percent) of low serum vitamin E concentration (lt 500 microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Sample size Prevalence (95 conf interval) Estimated total number of personsTotal 6 years and older 1999ndash2000 7054 10 (07 ndash 16) 2558000 2001ndash2002 7935 04 (03 ndash 06) 1108000 2005ndash2006 7254 07 (05 ndash 09) 1835000Age group3ndash5 years 1999ndash2000 347 sect sect 2001ndash2002 430 sect sect6ndash11 years 1999ndash2000 859 20Dagger (10 ndash 41) 492000Dagger 2001ndash2002 1014 sect sect 2005ndash2006 860 09Dagger (04 ndash 20) 221000Dagger12ndash19 years 1999ndash2000 2108 38 (21 ndash 68) 1202000 2001ndash2002 2206 16 (10 ndash 26) 509000 2005ndash2006 1954 26 (16 ndash 43) 88500020ndash39 years 1999ndash2000 1452 09Dagger (05 ndash 18) 730000Dagger 2001ndash2002 1716 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1688 sect sect40ndash59 years 1999ndash2000 1181 01Dagger (01 ndash 02) 80000Dagger 2001ndash2002 1474 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1365 03Dagger (01 ndash 06) 237000Dagger60 years and older 1999ndash2000 1454 sect sect 2001ndash2002 1525 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1387 04 (03 ndash 07) 209000Gender(6 years and older)Males 1999ndash2000 3426 14 (08 ndash 23) 1660000 2001ndash2002 3841 06 (04 ndash 10) 781000 2005ndash2006 3547 09 (06 ndash 12) 1110000Females 1999ndash2000 3628 07 (04 ndash 11) 895000 2001ndash2002 4094 02 (01 ndash 05) 325000 2005ndash2006 3707 05 (03 ndash 08) 725000Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 1999ndash2000 2410 13 (09 ndash 18) 227000 2001ndash2002 1991 07Dagger (04 ndash 15) 156000Dagger 2005ndash2006 1844 sect sectNon-Hispanic Blacks 1999ndash2000 1584 17 (09 ndash 32) 520000 2001ndash2002 1864 07 (04 ndash 11) 207000 2005ndash2006 1891 12 (09 ndash 17) 396000Non-Hispanic Whites 1999ndash2000 2414 08 (05 ndash 13) 1491000 2001ndash2002 3455 03 (02 ndash 05) 556000 2005ndash2006 2973 06 (04 ndash 08) 1059000Dagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Tabl

e 2

5a

1 S

erum

gam

ma-

toco

pher

ol C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

188

(180

ndash 1

96)

535

(49

6 ndash

599

)70

4(6

29

ndash 75

4)

196

(187

ndash 2

04)

424

(408

ndash 4

46)

489

(464

ndash 5

19)

721

7A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs18

2(1

71 ndash

193

)68

1(5

52

ndash 85

2)

915

(71

3 ndash

992

)17

9(1

69 ndash

193

)35

3(3

33 ndash

390

)39

2(3

67 ndash

455

)85

812

ndash19

year

s17

9(1

71 ndash

188

)75

5(6

20

ndash 81

8)

890

(79

8 ndash

938

)18

4(1

75 ndash

194

)32

4(3

11 ndash

343

)37

6(3

44 ndash

413

)1

942

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

194

(184

ndash 2

05)

654

(50

6 ndash

767

)81

9(7

53

ndash 93

8)

200

(192

ndash 2

09)

423

(401

ndash 4

60)

489

(447

ndash 5

53)

167

540

ndash59

year

s20

1(1

92 ndash

212

)53

0(4

65

ndash 61

2)

690

(56

1 ndash

800

)21

3(2

03 ndash

221

)45

2(4

37 ndash

498

)54

5(4

92 ndash

604

)1

358

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

5(1

54 ndash

177

)45

1(4

14

ndash 49

8)

524

(49

7 ndash

575

)17

6(1

61 ndash

192

)42

2(4

03 ndash

462

)48

6(4

61 ndash

539

)1

384

Gen

der

Mal

es19

2(1

84 ndash

200

)54

9(4

86

ndash 63

3)

745

(62

4 ndash

808

)19

8(1

89 ndash

206

)43

4(4

11 ndash

471

)50

5(4

78 ndash

564

)3

528

Fem

ales

184

(175

ndash 1

94)

524

(49

4 ndash

585

)67

7(6

01

ndash 73

5)

194

(183

ndash 2

03)

419

(400

ndash 4

41)

464

(444

ndash 4

97)

368

9Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

204

(192

ndash 2

17)

804

(64

2 ndash

863

)93

8(8

40

ndash 10

2)20

9(1

95 ndash

222

)43

7(3

90 ndash

503

)50

4(4

63 ndash

585

)1

841

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

214

(198

ndash 2

31)

706

(52

2 ndash

855

)92

0(6

74

ndash 10

6)21

9(2

04 ndash

235

)42

9(4

08 ndash

488

)50

9(4

57 ndash

550

)1

865

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s18

2(1

73 ndash

191

)51

2(4

67

ndash 55

0)

651

(57

4 ndash

723

)19

0(1

79 ndash

200

)42

3(4

07 ndash

445

)48

5(4

54 ndash

531

)2

965



010

020

030

0

Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


010

020

030

0


Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)




010

020

030

0

Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)


Figure 25a Serum gammaminustocopherol Concentrations by age groupGeometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006


Table 25a2 Serum gamma-tocopherol Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 25a3 Serum gamma-tocopherol Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 25a4 Serum gamma-tocopherol Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 25a5 Serum gamma-tocopherol Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 25b Serum gamma-tocopherol Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




0

50

100

150

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

150

200

250

300

50th

Per

cent

ile

300

400

500

600

95th

Per

cent

ile

Figure 25b Serum gammaminustocopherol Concentrations by survey cycleSelected percentiles in microgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and



Tabl

e 2

6a

1 S

erum

alp

ha-c

arot

ene

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

276

(25

4 ndash

299

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

63(2

40

ndash 2

84)

141

(12

4 ndash

165

)19

5(1

76

ndash 23

7)

724

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs2

64(2

32

ndash 3

01)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

259

(23

1 ndash

290

)11

5(9

30

ndash 15

1)

157

(11

6 ndash

347

)86

012

ndash19

year

s1

85(1

69

ndash 2

03)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

172

(15

3 ndash

191

)7

91(6

65

ndash 10

2)

108

(89

6 ndash

152

)1

950

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

248

(22

4 ndash

274

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

36(2

06

ndash 2

69)

113

(10

1 ndash

147

)16

3(1

27

ndash 23

6)

168

440

ndash59

year

s3

15(2

85

ndash 3

47)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

301

(27

2 ndash

336

)17

0(1

45

ndash 21

9)

271

(20

3 ndash

359

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

42(3

05

ndash 3

83)

lt LO

D7

11(lt

LO

D ndash

811

)3

33(2

86

ndash 3

86)

170

(14

0 ndash

198

)21

6(1

93

ndash 25

9)

138

7G

ende

rM

ales

237

(22

0 ndash

255

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

23(2

06

ndash 2

39)

115

(99

2 ndash

139

)16

1(1

32

ndash 20

9)

354

4Fe

mal

es3

18(2

89

ndash 3

50)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

301

(27

4 ndash

332

)16

4(1

46

ndash 18

4)

239

(19

4 ndash

300

)3

702

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s2

99(2

79

ndash 3

21)

lt LO

D8

24(7

49 ndash

889

)2

87(2

61

ndash 3

21)

108

(10

5 ndash

125

)14

8(1

39

ndash 16

6)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks1

98(1

74

ndash 2

26)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

171

(14

9 ndash

199

)11

0(8

83

ndash 14

8)

152

(12

4 ndash

331

)1

890

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s2

80(2

60

ndash 3

02)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

267

(24

7 ndash

289

)14

4(1

28

ndash 16

7)

202

(18

1 ndash

242

)2

966

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD


0 2

4 6

Seru

m a

lpha

minuscar

oten

e(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6


Figure 26a Serum alphaminuscarotene Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Seru

m a

lpha

minuscar

oten

eSe

rum

alp

haminusc

arot

ene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

02

46

02

4


Females Males







Table 26a2 Serum alpha-carotene Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 276 (254 ndash 299) 772 (718 ndash 823) 263 (240 ndash 284) 948 (858 ndash 106) 72466ndash11 years 264 (232 ndash 301) 865 (766 ndash 966) 259 (231 ndash 290) 834 (674 ndash 109) 86012ndash19 years 185 (169 ndash 203) lt LOD 172 (153 ndash 191) 555 (498 ndash 667) 195020ndash39 years 248 (224 ndash 274) 702 (lt LOD ndash 793) 236 (206 ndash 269) 865 (755 ndash 972) 168440ndash59 years 315 (285 ndash 347) 836 (lt LOD ndash 963) 301 (272 ndash 336) 118 (100 ndash 133) 136560 years and older 342 (305 ndash 383) 102 (832 ndash 117) 333 (286 ndash 386) 108 (964 ndash 131) 1387MalesTotal 6 years and older 237 (220 ndash 255) lt LOD 223 (206 ndash 239) 774 (673 ndash 937) 35446ndash11 years 268 (232 ndash 310) 885 (780 ndash 985) 259 (236 ndash 291) 827 (598 ndash 120) 42712ndash19 years 160 (146 ndash 176) lt LOD 140 (129 ndash 161) 451 (369 ndash 554) 97920ndash39 years 210 (195 ndash 227) lt LOD 200 (179 ndash 219) 691 (614 ndash 726) 73640ndash59 years 266 (238 ndash 296) 711 (lt LOD ndash 910) 247 (224 ndash 276) 879 (713 ndash 115) 67360 years and older 301 (261 ndash 346) 838 (754 ndash 923) 309 (255 ndash 354) 976 (773 ndash 129) 729FemalesTotal 6 years and older 318 (289 ndash 350) 895 (807 ndash 983) 301 (274 ndash 332) 108 (983 ndash 123) 37026ndash11 years 260 (226 ndash 299) 854 (712 ndash 972) 259 (214 ndash 297) 839 (699 ndash 111) 43312ndash19 years 217 (198 ndash 239) 709 (lt LOD ndash 777) 208 (189 ndash 230) 643 (553 ndash 715) 97120ndash39 years 292 (251 ndash 339) 859 (lt LOD ndash 969) 274 (241 ndash 331) 980 (853 ndash 119) 94840ndash59 years 369 (325 ndash 417) 992 (764 ndash 123) 354 (307 ndash 397) 137 (117 ndash 167) 69260 years and older 380 (333 ndash 432) 118 (101 ndash 132) 350 (294 ndash 436) 116 (102 ndash 150) 658lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD

Table 26a3 Serum alpha-carotene Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 299 (279 ndash 321) 107 (952 ndash 121) 287 (261 ndash 321) 796 (758 ndash 867) 18446ndash11 years 253 (221 ndash 289) 918 (702 ndash 114) 247 (203 ndash 300) 679 (510 ndash 928) 29512ndash19 years 206 (182 ndash 233) 847 (723 ndash 952) 189 (170 ndash 222) 519 (456 ndash 591) 64620ndash39 years 309 (278 ndash 342) 122 (107 ndash 133) 288 (256 ndash 337) 774 (718 ndash 874) 44940ndash59 years 372 (331 ndash 419) 144 (784 ndash 177) 357 (324 ndash 421) 105 (826 ndash 140) 24660 years and older 376 (331 ndash 427) 128 (767 ndash 160) 360 (322 ndash 431) 980 (851 ndash 160) 208MalesTotal 6 years and older 272 (250 ndash 295) 997 (890 ndash 109) 257 (222 ndash 300) 727 (699 ndash 773) 8836ndash11 years 246 (216 ndash 281) 904 (lt LOD ndash 125) 249 (194 ndash 320) 558 (447 ndash 107) 14512ndash19 years 192 (168 ndash 219) 785 (lt LOD ndash 874) 175 (150 ndash 205) 516 (385 ndash 620) 31320ndash39 years 271 (230 ndash 320) 108 (902 ndash 124) 247 (201 ndash 318) 732 (606 ndash 864) 19840ndash59 years 349 (295 ndash 413) 143 (lt LOD ndash 176) 335 (271 ndash 408) 979 (700 ndash 150) 12260 years and older 323 (273 ndash 383) 939dagger (lt LOD ndash 150) 318 (262 ndash 423) 807dagger (641 ndash 208) 105FemalesTotal 6 years and older 333 (307 ndash 361) 120 (106 ndash 130) 326 (295 ndash 350) 908 (835 ndash 984) 9616ndash11 years 260 (217 ndash 312) 923 (lt LOD ndash 115) 243 (199 ndash 317) 744 (570 ndash 989) 15012ndash19 years 222 (195 ndash 253) 937 (732 ndash 109) 208 (181 ndash 251) 521 (455 ndash 657) 33320ndash39 years 361 (316 ndash 413) 147 (116 ndash 162) 345 (284 ndash 413) 906 (693 ndash 132) 25140ndash59 years 399 (338 ndash 470) 139 (lt LOD ndash 183) 382 (337 ndash 447) 106 (774 ndash 335) 12460 years and older 427 (370 ndash 493) 152dagger (lt LOD ndash 202) 413 (336 ndash 544) 987dagger (865 ndash 225) 103lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 26a4 Serum alpha-carotene Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 198 (174 ndash 226) lt LOD 171 (149 ndash 199) 699 (549 ndash 949) 18906ndash11 years 197 (168 ndash 230) 782 (lt LOD ndash 865) 173 (147 ndash 211) 497 (384 ndash 731) 24012ndash19 years 133 (122 ndash 146) lt LOD 117 (108 ndash 127) 323 (279 ndash 425) 66420ndash39 years 176 (147 ndash 210) lt LOD 154 (127 ndash 185) 549 (381 ndash 109) 36840ndash59 years 260 (218 ndash 310) lt LOD 240 (186 ndash 311) 963 (777 ndash 124) 33560 years and older 228 (205 ndash 254) 727 (lt LOD ndash 860) 209 (172 ndash 238) 735 (625 ndash 909) 283MalesTotal 6 years and older 179 (156 ndash 206) lt LOD 155 (130 ndash 184) 612 (482 ndash 767) 9486ndash11 years 211 (180 ndash 246) 934 (761 ndash 100) 190 (151 ndash 250) 511 (403 ndash 681) 12812ndash19 years 128 (117 ndash 140) lt LOD 118 (110 ndash 127) 265 (227 ndash 364) 34220ndash39 years 151 (127 ndash 180) lt LOD 126 (108 ndash 143) 423 (353 ndash 101) 17040ndash59 years 234 (184 ndash 296) lt LOD 210 (165 ndash 305) 808 (639 ndash 180) 15660 years and older 204 (178 ndash 234) lt LOD 175 (148 ndash 232) 611 (537 ndash 768) 152FemalesTotal 6 years and older 217 (191 ndash 247) lt LOD 191 (161 ndash 224) 809 (612 ndash 109) 9426ndash11 years 184 (147 ndash 230) lt LOD 156 (131 ndash 206) 455 (338 ndash 346) 11212ndash19 years 140 (124 ndash 157) lt LOD 116 (101 ndash 135) 398 (308 ndash 495) 32220ndash39 years 200 (163 ndash 245) lt LOD 183 (146 ndash 217) 748 (392 ndash 148) 19840ndash59 years 285 (240 ndash 337) 763 (lt LOD ndash 998) 259 (191 ndash 359) 102 (796 ndash 128) 17960 years and older 247 (208 ndash 294) 778 (lt LOD ndash 932) 228 (169 ndash 306) 843 (557 ndash 139) 131lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD

Table 26a5 Serum alpha-carotene Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 280 (260 ndash 302) 770 (lt LOD ndash 835) 267 (247 ndash 289) 964 (879 ndash 107) 29666ndash11 years 278 (238 ndash 324) 860 (769 ndash 988) 277 (237 ndash 315) 880 (705 ndash 117) 23112ndash19 years 195 (178 ndash 213) lt LOD 185 (165 ndash 202) 610 (530 ndash 719) 49620ndash39 years 239 (216 ndash 265) lt LOD 231 (197 ndash 265) 810 (723 ndash 964) 71040ndash59 years 312 (284 ndash 344) 832 (lt LOD ndash 971) 295 (263 ndash 336) 119 (101 ndash 135) 68360 years and older 344 (305 ndash 388) 105 (832 ndash 124) 334 (282 ndash 389) 107 (959 ndash 129) 846MalesTotal 6 years and older 238 (220 ndash 256) lt LOD 227 (208 ndash 242) 773 (650 ndash 942) 14706ndash11 years 280 (234 ndash 335) 853 (749 ndash 102) 280 (240 ndash 299) 852 (574 ndash 237) 11212ndash19 years 162 (147 ndash 178) lt LOD 146 (126 ndash 172) 433 (363 ndash 581) 25420ndash39 years 202 (187 ndash 218) lt LOD 190 (165 ndash 222) 623 (568 ndash 729) 30740ndash59 years 260 (233 ndash 290) lt LOD 242 (219 ndash 268) 871 (682 ndash 102) 35160 years and older 300 (257 ndash 349) 844 (761 ndash 959) 309 (246 ndash 354) 936 (753 ndash 128) 446FemalesTotal 6 years and older 328 (300 ndash 359) 920 (790 ndash 104) 310 (282 ndash 339) 112 (104 ndash 127) 14966ndash11 years 275 (229 ndash 331) 864 (lt LOD ndash 110) 276 (193 ndash 326) 909 (710 ndash 124) 11912ndash19 years 239 (219 ndash 260) 723 (lt LOD ndash 838) 222 (206 ndash 249) 693 (625 ndash 887) 24220ndash39 years 283 (238 ndash 337) 826 (lt LOD ndash 962) 269 (220 ndash 336) 945 (782 ndash 118) 40340ndash59 years 373 (327 ndash 426) 964 (lt LOD ndash 123) 357 (304 ndash 401) 144 (126 ndash 167) 33260 years and older 386 (334 ndash 447) 124 (105 ndash 142) 354 (285 ndash 447) 120 (104 ndash 159) 400


Table 26b Serum alpha-carotene Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 2001ndash2002 248 (222 ndash 277) lt LOD 239 (210 ndash 270) 122 (107 ndash 141) 7929 2005ndash2006 276 (254 ndash 299) lt LOD 263 (240 ndash 284) 141 (124 ndash 165) 7246Age group3ndash5 years 2001ndash2002 241 (213 ndash 274) lt LOD 214 (189 ndash 248) 122 (103 ndash 146) 4306ndash11 years 2001ndash2002 224 (200 ndash 251) lt LOD 204 (184 ndash 228) 854 (694 ndash 133) 1014 2005ndash2006 264 (232 ndash 301) lt LOD 259 (231 ndash 290) 115 (930 ndash 151) 86012ndash19 years 2001ndash2002 168 (152 ndash 186) lt LOD 150 (137 ndash 174) 768 (661 ndash 952) 2206 2005ndash2006 185 (169 ndash 203) lt LOD 172 (153 ndash 191) 791 (665 ndash 102) 195020ndash39 years 2001ndash2002 222 (193 ndash 256) lt LOD 211 (182 ndash 249) 980 (896 ndash 126) 1716 2005ndash2006 248 (224 ndash 274) lt LOD 236 (206 ndash 269) 113 (101 ndash 147) 168440ndash59 years 2001ndash2002 298 (260 ndash 342) lt LOD 285 (247 ndash 328) 160 (128 ndash 207) 1470 2005ndash2006 315 (285 ndash 347) lt LOD 301 (272 ndash 336) 170 (145 ndash 219) 136560 years and older 2001ndash2002 308 (274 ndash 346) lt LOD 314 (271 ndash 361) 127 (120 ndash 137) 1523 2005ndash2006 342 (305 ndash 383) 711 (lt LOD ndash 811) 333 (286 ndash 386) 170 (140 ndash 198) 1387Gender(6 years and older)Males 2001ndash2002 222 (198 ndash 249) lt LOD 207 (187 ndash 244) 103 (930 ndash 123) 3835 2005ndash2006 237 (220 ndash 255) lt LOD 223 (206 ndash 239) 115 (992 ndash 139) 3544Females 2001ndash2002 276 (247 ndash 307) lt LOD 267 (235 ndash 297) 133 (118 ndash 162) 4094 2005ndash2006 318 (289 ndash 350) lt LOD 301 (274 ndash 332) 164 (146 ndash 184) 3702Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 2001ndash2002 273 (238 ndash 314) 726 (lt LOD ndash 805) 263 (238 ndash 299) 101 (846 ndash 141) 1990 2005ndash2006 299 (279 ndash 321) 824 (749 ndash 889) 287 (261 ndash 321) 108 (105 ndash 125) 1844Non-Hispanic Blacks 2001ndash2002 177 (150 ndash 209) lt LOD 158 (136 ndash 191) 101 (764 ndash 145) 1864 2005ndash2006 198 (174 ndash 226) lt LOD 171 (149 ndash 199) 110 (883 ndash 148) 1890Non-Hispanic Whites 2001ndash2002 257 (225 ndash 295) lt LOD 248 (211 ndash 286) 128 (112 ndash 155) 3450 2005ndash2006 280 (260 ndash 302) lt LOD 267 (247 ndash 289) 144 (128 ndash 167) 2966lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD


075

080

085

090

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

10

15

20

25

30

35

50th

Per

cent

ile

5

10

15

20

95th

Per

cent

ile

Figure 26b Serum alphaminuscarotene Concentrations by survey cycleSelected percentiles in microgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and




Tabl

e 2

7a

1 S

erum

tran

s-be

ta-c

arot

ene

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

121

(11

5 ndash

128

)2

32(1

98

ndash 2

67)

318

(29

2 ndash

342

)11

6(1

11

ndash 12

3)

533

(49

1 ndash

593

)74

1(6

81

ndash 83

3)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs13

0(1

21

ndash 14

0)

414

(26

7 ndash

505

)5

15(4

11

ndash 5

61)

127

(11

8 ndash

136

)37

7(2

99

ndash 49

2)

476

(39

6 ndash

100)

860

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

924

(87

6 ndash

975

)2

59(2

05

ndash 2

96)

320

(28

7 ndash

352

)8

96(8

30

ndash 9

66)

283

(26

3 ndash

307

)35

3(3

13

ndash 41

8)

195

420

ndash39

year

s10

4(9

63

ndash 11

3)

241

(14

0 ndash

281

)3

01(2

79

ndash 3

23)

997

(91

4 ndash

109

)41

6(3

69

ndash 53

3)

595

(48

7 ndash

851

)1

688

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

128

(11

9 ndash

139

)1

94(1

36

ndash 2

20)

269

(21

5 ndash

341

)12

4(1

16

ndash 13

4)

630

(53

5 ndash

738

)79

2(7

33

ndash 97

9)

136

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

164

(15

1 ndash

177

)2

80(2

64

ndash 3

20)

390

(34

3 ndash

417

)15

9(1

45

ndash 17

8)

746

(66

3 ndash

834

)10

2(8

59

ndash 14

3)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es10

3(9

89

ndash 10

8)

196

(14

0 ndash

225

)2

77(2

28

ndash 3

06)

103

(96

2 ndash

109

)40

8(3

68

ndash 46

4)

543

(49

4 ndash

662

)3

547

Fem

ales

142

(13

3 ndash

151

)2

93(2

45

ndash 3

23)

377

(35

1 ndash

405

)13

2(1

20

ndash 14

4)

645

(58

3 ndash

736

)84

7(7

59

ndash 10

2)3

707

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s11

5(1

05

ndash 12

7)

267

(21

9 ndash

306

)3

49(3

15

ndash 3

86)

113

(10

4 ndash

124

)39

2(3

51

ndash 46

5)

486

(46

2 ndash

594

)1

844

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

108

(97

2 ndash

120

)2

29(2

00

ndash 2

54)

302

(25

7 ndash

336

)10

5(9

31

ndash 11

4)

450

(38

3 ndash

537

)57

4(5

14

ndash 73

5)

189

1N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

123

(11

6 ndash

131

)2

20(1

90

ndash 2

65)

306

(28

0 ndash

341

)11

8(1

12

ndash 12

6)

569

(50

4 ndash

649

)76

2(7

23

ndash 93

3)

297

3



010

2030

Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


010

2030


Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)




010

2030

Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)


Figure 27a Serum transminusbetaminuscarotene Concentrations by age groupGeometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006


Table 27a2 Serum trans-beta-carotene Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 27a3 Serum trans-beta-carotene Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 27a4 Serum trans-beta-carotene Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 27a5 Serum trans-beta-carotene Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 27b Serum trans-beta-carotene Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 2001ndash2002 122 (115 ndash 129) 321 (295 ndash 346) 120 (113 ndash 126) 477 (442 ndash 521) 7929 2005ndash2006 121 (115 ndash 128) 318 (292 ndash 342) 116 (111 ndash 123) 533 (491 ndash 593) 7254Age group3ndash5 years 2001ndash2002 136 (125 ndash 146) 460 (379 ndash 500) 136 (121 ndash 152) 451 (358 ndash 563) 4296ndash11 years 2001ndash2002 133 (127 ndash 139) 544 (500 ndash 596) 132 (125 ndash 139) 329 (304 ndash 388) 1012 2005ndash2006 130 (121 ndash 140) 515 (411 ndash 561) 127 (118 ndash 136) 377 (299 ndash 492) 86012ndash19 years 2001ndash2002 969 (920 ndash 102) 334 (297 ndash 359) 963 (897 ndash 104) 282 (254 ndash 325) 2206 2005ndash2006 924 (876 ndash 975) 320 (287 ndash 352) 896 (830 ndash 966) 283 (263 ndash 307) 195420ndash39 years 2001ndash2002 103 (938 ndash 112) 290 (213 ndash 320) 981 (910 ndash 108) 398 (352 ndash 426) 1716 2005ndash2006 104 (963 ndash 113) 301 (279 ndash 323) 997 (914 ndash 109) 416 (369 ndash 533) 168840ndash59 years 2001ndash2002 133 (121 ndash 147) 330 (274 ndash 365) 130 (120 ndash 142) 600 (499 ndash 797) 1471 2005ndash2006 128 (119 ndash 139) 269 (215 ndash 341) 124 (116 ndash 134) 630 (535 ndash 738) 136560 years and older 2001ndash2002 165 (149 ndash 183) 351 (288 ndash 413) 175 (153 ndash 196) 614 (560 ndash 661) 1524 2005ndash2006 164 (151 ndash 177) 390 (343 ndash 417) 159 (145 ndash 178) 746 (663 ndash 834) 1387Gender(6 years and older)Males 2001ndash2002 109 (102 ndash 116) 301 (268 ndash 325) 110 (103 ndash 116) 421 (375 ndash 455) 3837 2005ndash2006 103 (989 ndash 108) 277 (228 ndash 306) 103 (962 ndash 109) 408 (368 ndash 464) 3547Females 2001ndash2002 136 (127 ndash 146) 357 (337 ndash 383) 131 (122 ndash 142) 541 (476 ndash 620) 4092 2005ndash2006 142 (133 ndash 151) 377 (351 ndash 405) 132 (120 ndash 144) 645 (583 ndash 736) 3707Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 2001ndash2002 125 (116 ndash 134) 356 (312 ndash 383) 129 (116 ndash 139) 385 (345 ndash 475) 1990 2005ndash2006 115 (105 ndash 127) 349 (315 ndash 386) 113 (104 ndash 124) 392 (351 ndash 465) 1844Non-Hispanic Blacks 2001ndash2002 108 (990 ndash 118) 283 (242 ndash 322) 107 (993 ndash 116) 403 (354 ndash 456) 1864 2005ndash2006 108 (972 ndash 120) 302 (257 ndash 336) 105 (931 ndash 114) 450 (383 ndash 537) 1891Non-Hispanic Whites 2001ndash2002 125 (115 ndash 136) 335 (306 ndash 361) 121 (113 ndash 130) 508 (458 ndash 569) 3450 2005ndash2006 123 (116 ndash 131) 306 (280 ndash 341) 118 (112 ndash 126) 569 (504 ndash 649) 2973


2

3

4

5

6

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

8

10

12

14

16

50th

Per

cent

ile

20

40

60

80

95th

Per

cent

ile

Figure 27b Serum transminusbetaminuscarotene Concentrations by survey cycleSelected percentiles in microgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and



Tabl

e 2

8a

1 S

erum

cis

-bet

a-ca

rote

ne C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

320

(28

7 ndash

364

)4

48(3

93

ndash 5

11)

661

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

95(1

63

ndash 2

68)

267

(21

6 ndash

422

)77

912

ndash19

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

47(1

33

ndash 1

81)

187

(15

8 ndash

239

)1

785

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

251

(20

8 ndash

319

)3

74(2

88

ndash 5

09)

152

840

ndash59

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

730

(lt L

OD

ndash 7

83)

373

(32

1 ndash

444

)4

84(4

34

ndash 5

50)

125

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

108

(985

ndash 1

17)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

903

(811

ndash 9

92)

459

(39

3 ndash

532

)6

53(5

17

ndash 8

65)

127

0G

ende

rM

ales

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

226

(19

9 ndash

260

)3

09(2

67

ndash 3

91)

320

4Fe

mal

es

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

759

(708

ndash 8

16)

388

(36

0 ndash

448

)5

27(4

71

ndash 6

32)

341

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

226

(19

7 ndash

259

)2

80(2

48

ndash 3

46)

170

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D2

81(2

37

ndash 3

38)

351

(31

7 ndash

461

)1

673

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D3

44(3

06

ndash 3

82)

471

(41

1 ndash

520

)2

725

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD

Not

cal

cula

ted

Pro

port

ion

of re

sults

bel

ow li

mit

of d

etec

tion

was

too

high

to p

rovi

de a

val

id re

sult


Nocis-beta-carotenefigureforconcentrationsbyagegroupispresentedbecausethegeometricmeanswerenotcalculatedduetotheproportionofresultsbelowthelimitofdetectionbeingtoohighforvalidresults(seeTable28a1)


Table 28a2 Serum cis-beta-carotene Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 210 (192 ndash 239) 66166ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 147 (128 ndash 178) 77912ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 112 (995 ndash 126) 178520ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 178 (155 ndash 203) 152840ndash59 years lt LOD 730 (lt LOD ndash 783) 249 (218 ndash 286) 125460 years and older 108 (985 ndash 117) lt LOD 903 (811 ndash 992) 309 (262 ndash 364) 1270MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 159 (143 ndash 186) 32046ndash11 years lt LOD 704 (lt LOD ndash 757) 152 (126 ndash 233) 38612ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 935 (878 ndash 102) 88620ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 137 (123 ndash 159) 65240ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 175 (150 ndash 205) 61660 years and older lt LOD 726 (lt LOD ndash 817) 237 (191 ndash 299) 664FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD 759 (708 ndash 816) 270 (235 ndash 310) 34126ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 144 (121 ndash 174) 39312ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 135 (113 ndash 159) 89920ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 215 (177 ndash 304) 87640ndash59 years 104 (954 ndash 113) lt LOD 827 (745 ndash 963) 330 (272 ndash 378) 63860 years and older 126 (111 ndash 141) lt LOD 115 (904 ndash 136) 369 (323 ndash 471) 606lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result

Table 28a3 Serum cis-beta-carotene Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 170 (152 ndash 191) 17076ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 134 (109 ndash 167) 26912ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 975 (899 ndash 115) 60920ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 173 (142 ndash 202) 40240ndash59 years 880 (780 ndash 992) lt LOD 751 (lt LOD ndash 864) 197 (165 ndash 275) 22860 years and older 964 (878 ndash 106) lt LOD 854 (778 ndash 919) 248 (205 ndash 355) 199MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 147 (121 ndash 171) 8146ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 134 (106 ndash 198) 13112ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 900 (833 ndash 109) 29920ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 158 (116 ndash 207) 17140ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 157 (129 ndash 219) 11460 years and older lt LODdagger 718 (lt LOD ndash 904) 161dagger (108 ndash 108) 99FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD 720 (lt LOD ndash 789) 195 (176 ndash 224) 8936ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 135 (106 ndash 172) 13812ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 110 (944 ndash 146) 31020ndash39 years lt LOD 774 (lt LOD ndash 960) 188 (157 ndash 236) 23140ndash59 years 100 (839 ndash 119) lt LOD 870 (703 ndash 106) 223 (171 ndash 640) 11460 years and older 109 (959 ndash 124) lt LODdagger 923 (853 ndash 106) 285dagger (237 ndash 406) 100lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 28a4 Serum cis-beta-carotene Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 187 (159 ndash 249) 16736ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 133 (112 ndash 211) 20812ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 105 (916 ndash 120) 58020ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 141 (124 ndash 184) 32740ndash59 years lt LOD 778 (lt LOD ndash 937) 254 (216 ndash 311) 29860 years and older 104 (906 ndash 119) lt LOD 965 (778 ndash 109) 280 (223 ndash 345) 260MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 161 (133 ndash 194) 8276ndash11 years 807 (695 ndash 937) lt LOD 738 (lt LOD ndash 876) 145 (113 ndash 680) 11212ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 997 (882 ndash 117) 29020ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 127 (962 ndash 184) 14940ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 228 (151 ndash 329) 13660 years and older lt LOD 784 (lt LOD ndash 927) 195 (164 ndash 314) 140FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD 717 (lt LOD ndash 832) 220 (183 ndash 277) 8466ndash11 years lt LODdagger lt LOD 119dagger (103 ndash 199) 9612ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 108 (914 ndash 142) 29020ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 162 (125 ndash 276) 17840ndash59 years 101 (886 ndash 116) lt LOD 877 (765 ndash 103) 282 (225 ndash 343) 16260 years and older 117 (947 ndash 144) lt LOD 110 (720 ndash 158) 316 (259 ndash 384) 120lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size

Table 28a5 Serum cis-beta-carotene Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 217 (192 ndash 255) 27256ndash11 years lt LOD lt LOD 146 (121 ndash 242) 21212ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 116 (979 ndash 139) 46220ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 174 (144 ndash 215) 65340ndash59 years lt LOD 720 (lt LOD ndash 779) 250 (211 ndash 314) 63460 years and older 107 (967 ndash 118) lt LOD 892 (783 ndash 100) 309 (257 ndash 370) 764MalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 159 (142 ndash 192) 13366ndash11 years lt LODdagger lt LOD 149dagger (116 ndash 517) 10212ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 926 (842 ndash 119) 23120ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 135 (118 ndash 159) 27840ndash59 years lt LOD lt LOD 169 (146 ndash 199) 32460 years and older lt LOD lt LOD 239 (182 ndash 314) 401FemalesTotal 6 years and older lt LOD 761 (704 ndash 828) 279 (234 ndash 348) 13896ndash11 years lt LODdagger lt LOD 143dagger (119 ndash 198) 11012ndash19 years lt LOD lt LOD 139 (112 ndash 185) 23120ndash39 years lt LOD lt LOD 214 (162 ndash 370) 37540ndash59 years 103 (941 ndash 113) lt LOD 795 (718 ndash 966) 355 (273 ndash 396) 31060 years and older 126 (110 ndash 145) lt LOD 116 (875 ndash 138) 370 (316 ndash 480) 363lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 28b Serum cis-beta-carotene Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Total 6 years and older 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 264 (241 ndash 287) 7929 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 320 (287 ndash 364) 6616Age group3ndash5 years 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 207 (188 ndash 262) 4306ndash11 years 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 164 (150 ndash 184) 1014 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 195 (163 ndash 268) 77912ndash19 years 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 139 (130 ndash 155) 2206 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 147 (133 ndash 181) 178520ndash39 years 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 205 (182 ndash 246) 1716 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 251 (208 ndash 319) 152840ndash59 years 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 330 (277 ndash 439) 1470 2005ndash2006 lt LOD 730 (lt LOD ndash 783) 373 (321 ndash 444) 125460 years and older 2001ndash2002 102 (943 ndash 111) lt LOD 899 (803 ndash 102) 350 (311 ndash 394) 1523 2005ndash2006 108 (985 ndash 117) lt LOD 903 (811 ndash 992) 459 (393 ndash 532) 1270Gender(6 years and older)Males 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 213 (194 ndash 241) 3835 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 226 (199 ndash 260) 3204Females 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 308 (273 ndash 370) 4094 2005ndash2006 lt LOD 759 (708 ndash 816) 388 (360 ndash 448) 3412Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 206 (185 ndash 242) 1990 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 226 (197 ndash 259) 1707Non-Hispanic Blacks 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 229 (196 ndash 269) 1864 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 281 (237 ndash 338) 1673Non-Hispanic Whites 2001ndash2002 lt LOD lt LOD 279 (248 ndash 328) 3450 2005ndash2006 lt LOD lt LOD 344 (306 ndash 382) 2725lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD Not calculated Proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result


070

075

080

085

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

070

075

080

085

50th

Per

cent

ile

1

2

3

4

5

95th

Per

cent

ile

Figure 28b Serum cisminusbetaminuscarotene Concentrations by survey cycleSelected percentiles in microgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and




Tabl

e 2

9a

1 S

erum

bet

a-cr

ypto

xant

hin

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

770

(73

4 ndash

808

)1

90(1

63

ndash 2

06)

246

(22

6 ndash

263

)7

62(7

24

ndash 7

99)

241

(22

5 ndash

264

)30

5(2

87

ndash 33

2)

719

5A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs9

47(8

88

ndash 10

1)

341

(26

8 ndash

369

)3

90(3

32

ndash 4

23)

914

(85

2 ndash

966

)24

9(2

30

ndash 28

7)

304

(27

1 ndash

423

)85

512

ndash19

year

s7

82(7

42

ndash 8

23)

256

(21

3 ndash

297

)3

20(2

91

ndash 3

50)

749

(70

1 ndash

799

)20

3(1

88

ndash 23

4)

255

(23

6 ndash

272

)1

924

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

795

(75

2 ndash

840

)2

33(1

84

ndash 2

53)

278

(25

0 ndash

297

)7

81(7

31

ndash 8

18)

245

(21

7 ndash

288

)31

7(2

88

ndash 38

0)

167

940

ndash59

year

s7

24(6

60

ndash 7

94)

148

(11

4 ndash

192

)2

16(1

80

ndash 2

40)

703

(65

0 ndash

782

)24

8(2

15

ndash 29

2)

303

(27

7 ndash

411

)1

357

60 y

ears

and

old

er7

39(6

86

ndash 7

97)

152

(13

8 ndash

162

)1

98(1

62

ndash 2

25)

748

(70

3 ndash

813

)24

2(2

27

ndash 27

6)

319

(27

8 ndash

352

)1

380

Gen

der

Mal

es7

51(7

10

ndash 7

94)

186

(14

2 ndash

214

)2

41(2

10

ndash 2

70)

749

(71

2 ndash

788

)22

8(2

15

ndash 25

0)

284

(26

4 ndash

309

)3

514

Fem

ales

789

(75

3 ndash

827

)1

93(1

68

ndash 2

10)

254

(22

4 ndash

269

)7

74(7

28

ndash 8

14)

255

(23

4 ndash

281

)32

5(3

00

ndash 37

1)

368

1Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

130

(11

8 ndash

143

)3

45(3

15

ndash 3

89)

442

(38

7 ndash

486

)12

9(1

19

ndash 14

2)

362

(32

4 ndash

454

)46

2(4

07

ndash 63

0)

184

2N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks8

34(7

88

ndash 8

84)

232

(20

2 ndash

251

)2

89(2

59

ndash 3

11)

823

(78

0 ndash

881

)23

6(2

08

ndash 27

8)

298

(26

9 ndash

356

)1

848

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s6

94(6

59

ndash 7

32)

166

(14

7 ndash

192

)2

26(2

07

ndash 2

44)

696

(66

2 ndash

738

)20

5(1

97

ndash 21

9)

255

(23

3 ndash

282

)2

960


0 5

10

15

20

Seru

m b

etaminus

cryp

toxa

nthi

n(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

20 NonminusHispanic Blacks NonminusHispanic Whites

Figure 29a Serum betaminuscryptoxanthin Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Seru

m b

etaminus

cryp

toxa

nthi

nSe

rum

bet

aminuscr

ypto

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 5

1015

20

0 5

1015


Females Males







Table 29a2 Serum beta-cryptoxanthin Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 29a3 Serum beta-cryptoxanthin Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 29a4 Serum beta-cryptoxanthin Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 834 (788 ndash 884) 372 (351 ndash 402) 823 (780 ndash 881) 181 (172 ndash 193) 18486ndash11 years 119 (111 ndash 128) 605 (513 ndash 676) 117 (106 ndash 132) 228 (197 ndash 250) 23712ndash19 years 869 (799 ndash 946) 454 (416 ndash 492) 847 (765 ndash 940) 174 (157 ndash 190) 63720ndash39 years 826 (776 ndash 878) 397 (362 ndash 426) 795 (747 ndash 871) 163 (150 ndash 189) 36340ndash59 years 789 (695 ndash 897) 290 (254 ndash 355) 798 (688 ndash 910) 188 (172 ndash 223) 33260 years and older 738 (655 ndash 831) 316 (261 ndash 371) 731 (635 ndash 823) 168 (155 ndash 218) 279MalesTotal 6 years and older 823 (764 ndash 887) 358 (320 ndash 389) 803 (738 ndash 890) 190 (177 ndash 209) 9226ndash11 years 125 (112 ndash 140) 669 (492 ndash 769) 126 (106 ndash 147) 239 (215 ndash 256) 12712ndash19 years 880 (801 ndash 967) 443 (392 ndash 496) 850 (775 ndash 940) 182 (158 ndash 207) 32520ndash39 years 826 (773 ndash 883) 400 (365 ndash 431) 741 (704 ndash 798) 182 (153 ndash 216) 16840ndash59 years 749 (622 ndash 903) 263 (242 ndash 281) 764 (642 ndash 909) 190 (171 ndash 246) 15360 years and older 673 (608 ndash 745) 292 (243 ndash 329) 606 (509 ndash 720) 170 (156 ndash 178) 149FemalesTotal 6 years and older 844 (804 ndash 886) 387 (356 ndash 440) 839 (801 ndash 886) 173 (164 ndash 185) 9266ndash11 years 112 (974 ndash 130) 533dagger (418 ndash 655) 108 (990 ndash 122) 196dagger (178 ndash 300) 11012ndash19 years 859 (779 ndash 946) 466 (422 ndash 504) 846 (740 ndash 963) 166 (149 ndash 180) 31220ndash39 years 825 (769 ndash 886) 373 (350 ndash 418) 814 (780 ndash 894) 156 (137 ndash 201) 19540ndash59 years 824 (742 ndash 914) 364 (254 ndash 452) 822 (690 ndash 923) 185 (163 ndash 215) 17960 years and older 789 (667 ndash 933) 367 (229 ndash 400) 796 (664 ndash 920) 165 (147 ndash 262) 130dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size

Table 29a5 Serum beta-cryptoxanthin Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 29b Serum beta-cryptoxanthin Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Figure 29b Serum betaminuscryptoxanthin Concentrations by survey cycle Selected percentiles in μgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and


5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

40

30

20

10

16

14

12

10

8

6

5

4

3

2

1

1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1 1

1 1

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6




Tabl

e 2

10a

1 S

erum

lute

inz

eaxa

nthi

n C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

138

(13

4 ndash

142

)4

95(4

69

ndash 5

19)

590

(56

8 ndash

618

)13

7(1

32

ndash 14

1)

313

(30

3 ndash

332

)38

5(3

70

ndash 40

0)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs13

1(1

26

ndash 13

7)

574

(41

3 ndash

647

)6

70(5

50

ndash 7

67)

133

(12

8 ndash

139

)24

5(2

35

ndash 27

4)

290

(27

3 ndash

302

)86

012

ndash19

year

s10

7(1

03

ndash 11

1)

491

(43

9 ndash

518

)5

67(5

21

ndash 5

91)

106

(10

0 ndash

111

)20

0(1

91

ndash 21

1)

227

(21

4 ndash

251

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

136

(13

1 ndash

141

)4

94(4

24

ndash 5

46)

591

(51

9 ndash

641

)13

6(1

29

ndash 14

4)

293

(27

7 ndash

321

)35

2(3

17

ndash 40

0)

168

840

ndash59

year

s14

5(1

38

ndash 15

2)

462

(40

2 ndash

531

)5

82(5

28

ndash 6

13)

145

(13

7 ndash

152

)35

7(3

33

ndash 37

8)

408

(38

5 ndash

461

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er15

5(1

49

ndash 16

2)

527

(47

2 ndash

583

)6

44(6

02

ndash 6

69)

157

(15

0 ndash

165

)35

9(3

28

ndash 40

3)

425

(39

7 ndash

512

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es13

6(1

31

ndash 14

0)

492

(44

8 ndash

530

)5

93(5

42

ndash 6

35)

135

(13

0 ndash

141

)30

7(2

87

ndash 31

4)

357

(33

3 ndash

390

)3

547

Fem

ales

140

(13

5 ndash

144

)4

98(4

62

ndash 5

26)

589

(56

9 ndash

613

)13

8(1

33

ndash 14

4)

328

(31

0 ndash

357

)39

9(3

84

ndash 41

5)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

151

(14

5 ndash

158

)6

36(5

62

ndash 6

79)

741

(67

9 ndash

783

)15

0(1

44

ndash 15

6)

313

(29

2 ndash

341

)35

5(3

32

ndash 40

8)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks15

3(1

48

ndash 15

8)

588

(52

0 ndash

637

)7

03(6

33

ndash 7

71)

154

(15

0 ndash

158

)31

5(2

94

ndash 35

1)

380

(34

8 ndash

417

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s13

2(1

28

ndash 13

6)

474

(44

6 ndash

496

)5

70(5

33

ndash 5

88)

129

(12

5 ndash

134

)30

9(2

91

ndash 32

8)

375

(34

4 ndash

399

)2

973


0 1

0 20

30

Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30


Figure 210a Serum luteinzeaxanthin Concentrations by age group Geometric Mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females Males







Table 210a2 Serum luteinzeaxanthin Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 210a3 Serum luteinzeaxanthin Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 210a4 Serum luteinzeaxanthin Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 210a5 Serum luteinzeaxanthin Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 210b Serum luteinzeaxanthin Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

35

30

25

20

15

16

14

12

10

8

8

7

6

5

4

i i

i i i

i i

i i

i i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i i i

i

i i i

i

i i i

i

i

i i

i i

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6


Figure 210b Serum luteinzeaxanthin Concentrations by survey cycle Selected percentiles in μgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and




Tabl

e 2

11a

1 S

erum

tran

s-ly

cope

ne C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

212

(20

7 ndash

217

)5

64(4

99

ndash 6

25)

781

(73

3 ndash

840

)22

7(2

22

ndash 23

2)

436

(42

4 ndash

449

)48

4(4

75

ndash 49

8)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs21

7(2

05

ndash 22

9)

767

(52

7 ndash

929

)9

48(7

38

ndash 10

9)

225

(21

1 ndash

237

)42

8(4

00

ndash 46

0)

461

(44

0 ndash

548

)86

012

ndash19

year

s21

9(2

11

ndash 22

6)

842

(73

1 ndash

878

)9

91(8

98

ndash 11

0)

223

(21

8 ndash

229

)42

6(4

02

ndash 45

1)

468

(44

4 ndash

527

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

239

(23

3 ndash

244

)8

24(7

38

ndash 8

96)

107

(89

7 ndash

114

)25

1(2

43

ndash 25

6)

461

(44

1 ndash

472

)51

6(4

89

ndash 53

5)

168

840

ndash59

year

s21

6(2

04

ndash 22

8)

513

(37

6 ndash

634

)7

69(6

02

ndash 8

98)

232

(22

1 ndash

244

)44

6(4

25

ndash 47

1)

500

(47

2 ndash

559

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

4(1

54

ndash 17

4)

375

(26

9 ndash

436

)5

19(4

32

ndash 5

97)

178

(16

8 ndash

190

)38

8(3

73

ndash 40

7)

444

(40

7 ndash

465

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es21

8(2

10

ndash 22

6)

579

(45

4 ndash

670

)7

85(6

99

ndash 8

89)

234

(22

6 ndash

243

)44

7(4

37

ndash 47

0)

521

(49

0 ndash

557

)3

547

Fem

ales

206

(20

0 ndash

212

)5

47(4

93

ndash 6

39)

776

(70

9 ndash

840

)22

2(2

15

ndash 22

6)

423

(41

2 ndash

439

)46

3(4

51

ndash 48

8)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

195

(19

1 ndash

200

)7

04(6

09

ndash 7

33)

880

(78

3 ndash

929

)20

2(1

96

ndash 20

9)

380

(36

4 ndash

402

)42

5(3

98

ndash 49

9)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks22

0(2

09

ndash 23

2)

629

(54

6 ndash

699

)8

11(7

39

ndash 8

77)

235

(22

6 ndash

247

)47

0(4

47

ndash 49

5)

535

(51

0 ndash

573

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s21

3(2

08

ndash 21

9)

546

(48

3 ndash

626

)7

69(7

04

ndash 8

47)

230

(22

4 ndash

235

)43

8(4

24

ndash 45

2)

485

(47

3 ndash

506

)2

973


0 1

0 20

30

Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30


Figure 211a Serum transminuslycopene Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)




Table 211a2 Serum trans-lycopene Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 211a3 Serum trans-lycopene Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 211a4 Serum trans-lycopene Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 211a5 Serum trans-lycopene Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 211b Serum trans-lycopene Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2002 and 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

12

10

8

6

4

2

i i

i

i

i

i

i i i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i

i i i i

i i i

i i i

i

i

i i

i i

i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i i

i i i i

i i

i i i i

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6


Figure 211b Serum transminuslycopene Concentrations by survey cycle Selected percentiles in μgdL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and




Tabl

e 2

12a

1 S

erum

tota

l lyc

open

e C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

394

(38

5 ndash

402

)11

3(1

04

ndash 12

6)

154

(14

6 ndash

161

)41

8(4

10

ndash 42

6)

808

(78

8 ndash

825

)90

7(8

79

ndash 94

7)

714

9A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs39

7(3

75

ndash 42

0)

149

(10

7 ndash

178

)18

8(1

51

ndash 19

9)

409

(38

5 ndash

441

)78

4(7

48

ndash 82

5)

830

(80

6 ndash

105)

851

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

395

(38

2 ndash

408

)15

4(1

29

ndash 17

4)

191

(17

2 ndash

209

)40

6(3

96

ndash 42

0)

739

(71

5 ndash

790

)82

8(7

81

ndash 93

4)

190

720

ndash39

year

s43

8(4

27

ndash 44

9)

159

(14

0 ndash

178

)20

0(1

70

ndash 21

8)

452

(43

8 ndash

466

)83

3(8

14

ndash 86

1)

927

(87

4 ndash

993

)1

667

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

405

(38

2 ndash

429

)10

6(7

35

ndash 13

2)

150

(12

4 ndash

171

)43

1(4

11

ndash 45

3)

841

(79

9 ndash

892

)97

2(9

07

ndash 10

3)1

346

60 y

ears

and

old

er31

5(2

98

ndash 33

2)

808

(69

6 ndash

957

)10

7(9

50

ndash 12

4)

335

(31

4 ndash

359

)72

8(6

95

ndash 76

4)

817

(76

3 ndash

894

)1

378

Gen

der

Mal

es40

6(3

93

ndash 42

0)

114

(92

8 ndash

132

)15

6(1

39

ndash 17

3)

435

(42

2 ndash

447

)84

5(8

16

ndash 86

9)

952

(89

9 ndash

103)

349

3Fe

mal

es38

2(3

71

ndash 39

3)

111

(10

3 ndash

129

)15

3(1

42

ndash 16

4)

401

(38

9 ndash

416

)77

6(7

51

ndash 80

5)

860

(81

9 ndash

921

)3

656

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s36

2(3

53

ndash 37

1)

137

(11

8 ndash

143

)16

6(1

53

ndash 17

9)

374

(36

1 ndash

389

)70

5(6

70

ndash 74

0)

793

(74

1 ndash

913

)1

818

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

413

(39

2 ndash

435

)12

9(1

09

ndash 14

2)

167

(14

3 ndash

180

)43

1(4

11

ndash 45

5)

864

(83

0 ndash

895

)97

2(9

15

ndash 10

7)1

846

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s39

6(3

86

ndash 40

6)

109

(97

2 ndash

125

)15

1(1

42

ndash 16

0)

424

(41

3 ndash

433

)81

1(7

89

ndash 82

9)

897

(87

2 ndash

948

)2

943


0 20

40 60

Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

60


Figure 212a Serum total lycopene Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 2

0 40

60

0 2

0 40


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)




Table 212a2 Serum total lycopene Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for the total US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 212a3 Serum total lycopene Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 212a4 Serum total lycopene Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 212a5 Serum total lycopene Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in microgdL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 6 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 6 years and older 396 (386 ndash 406) 204 (194 ndash 213) 424 (413 ndash 433) 715 (694 ndash 738) 29436ndash11 years 393 (359 ndash 431) 207 (189 ndash 249) 406 (377 ndash 449) 648 (587 ndash 780) 23012ndash19 years 392 (375 ndash 409) 233 (208 ndash 248) 407 (393 ndash 421) 662 (628 ndash 702) 48920ndash39 years 448 (432 ndash 465) 253 (215 ndash 293) 459 (440 ndash 484) 754 (725 ndash 778) 70640ndash59 years 416 (388 ndash 446) 222 (178 ndash 244) 447 (426 ndash 470) 739 (704 ndash 785) 67460 years and older 317 (300 ndash 335) 144 (133 ndash 162) 339 (317 ndash 367) 629 (602 ndash 674) 844MalesTotal 6 years and older 407 (392 ndash 423) 210 (197 ndash 220) 439 (425 ndash 452) 732 (709 ndash 760) 14616ndash11 years 415 (381 ndash 453) 236dagger (197 ndash 264) 423 (395 ndash 457) 660dagger (588 ndash 815) 11112ndash19 years 398 (371 ndash 426) 232 (199 ndash 270) 410 (384 ndash 430) 663 (635 ndash 698) 25120ndash39 years 472 (447 ndash 498) 268 (217 ndash 316) 494 (459 ndash 523) 787 (739 ndash 850) 30840ndash59 years 426 (384 ndash 471) 224 (150 ndash 273) 463 (440 ndash 490) 753 (709 ndash 827) 34660 years and older 312 (286 ndash 340) 144 (123 ndash 161) 339 (308 ndash 365) 620 (588 ndash 697) 445FemalesTotal 6 years and older 385 (369 ndash 401) 197 (182 ndash 213) 407 (389 ndash 425) 696 (668 ndash 726) 14826ndash11 years 370 (327 ndash 418) 191 (137 ndash 253) 391 (338 ndash 433) 619 (546 ndash 780) 11912ndash19 years 386 (351 ndash 423) 236 (180 ndash 256) 404 (370 ndash 434) 644 (579 ndash 756) 23820ndash39 years 425 (406 ndash 444) 229 (199 ndash 287) 432 (419 ndash 442) 721 (665 ndash 770) 39840ndash59 years 407 (376 ndash 440) 216 (175 ndash 245) 424 (390 ndash 474) 721 (687 ndash 787) 32860 years and older 322 (303 ndash 342) 143 (129 ndash 166) 338 (316 ndash 371) 645 (590 ndash 687) 399dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


ReferencesAgencyforHealthcareResearchandQualityEffectofsupplementalantioxidantsvitaminCvitaminEandcoenzymeQ10forthepreventionandtreatmentofcardiovasculardiseaseEvidenceReportTechnologyAssessmentNumber832003

AhujaJKGoldmanJDMoshfeghAJCurrentstatusofvitaminEnutritureAnnNYAcadSci20041031387ndash390

AlbanesDHeinonenOPTaylorPRVirtamoJEdwardsBKRautalahtiMetalAlpha-tocopherolandbeta-carotenesupplementandlungcancerincidenceinthealpha-tocopherolbeta-carotenecancerpreventionstudyeffectsofbase-linecharacteristicsandstudycomplianceJNatlCancerInst1996881560ndash1570

Al-DelaimyWKFerrariPSlimaniNPalaVJohanssonINilssonSetalPlasmacarotenoidsasbiomarkersofintakeoffruitsandvegetablesindividual-levelcorrelationsintheEuropeanProspectiveInvestigationintoCancerandNutrition(EPIC)EurJClinNutr2005591387ndash1396

BaileyRLGahcheJJLentinoCVDwyerJTEngelJSThomasPTetalDietarySupplementUseintheUnitedStates2003-2006JournalofNutrition2011141261-6

BallewCBowmanBASowellALGillespieCSerumretinoldistributionsinresidentsoftheUnitedStatesThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey1988ndash1994AmJClinNutr200173586ndash593

BeersMHeditorVitamindeficiencydependencyandtoxicityInMerckManualofDiagnosisandTherapy18thedWhitehouseStation(NJ)MerckampCoInc2006[cited2011]Availableathttpwwwmerckcommmpesec01ch004ch004lhtml

BendichALangsethLSafetyofvitaminAAmJClinNutr1989Feb49(2)358-71

BoylstonTNolletLMLChemicalandbiochemicalaspectsofcolorinmusclefoodsInPerez-AlvarezJAandFernandez-LopezJeditorsHandbookofmeatpoultryandseafoodqualityAmes(IA)BlackwellPublishing2007pp25ndash44

BrittonGLiaaen-JensenSPfanderHeditorsCarotenoidshandbookBasel(Switzerland)Birkhaumluser2004

DuewerDLKlineMCSharplessKEThomasJBNISTmicronutrientsmeasurementqualityassuranceprogramcharacterizingthemeasurementcommunitylsquosperformanceovertimeAnalChem2000724163ndash4170

FordESSowellASerum prop-tocopherolstatusintheUnitedStatespopulationfindingsfromtheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyAmJEpidemiol1999150290ndash300

FordESVariationsinserumcarotenoidconcentrationsamongUnitedStatesadultsbyethnicityandsexEthnDis200010208ndash217

FordESGillespieCBallewCSowellAManninoDMSerumcarotenoidconcentrationsinUSchildrenandadolescentsAmJClinNutr200276818ndash827

FordESSchleicherRLMokdadAHAjaniUALiuSDistributionofserumconcentrationsofalpha-tocopherolandgamma-tocopherolintheUSpopulationAmJClinNutr200684375ndash383

GibsonRSPrinciplesofnutritionalassessment(2ndedn)NewYorkOxfordUniversityPress2005

InstituteofMedicineFoodandNutritionBoardDietaryreferenceintakesvitaminCvitaminEseleniumandcarotenoidsWashingtonDCNationalAcademyPress2000

InstituteofMedicineFoodandNutritionBoardDietaryreferenceintakesvitaminAvitaminKarsenicboronchromiumcopperiodineironmanganesemolybdenumnickelsiliconvanadiumandzincWashingtonDCNationalAcademyPress2001

KhachikFBeecherGRGoliMBLusbyWRSeparationandquantitationofcarotenoidsinfoodsMethodsEnzymol1992213347ndash359

KrinskyNIJohnsonEJCarotenoidactionsandtheirrelationtohealthanddiseaseMolAspectsMed200526459ndash516

LacherDAHughesJPCarrollMDEstimateofbiologicalvariationoflaboratoryanalytesbasedontheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyClinChem200551450ndash452


LichtensteinAHAppelLJBrandsMCarnethonMDanielsSFranchHAetalSummaryofAmericanHeartAssociationdietandlifestylerecommendationsrevisionArteriosclerThrombVascBiol2006262186ndash2191MoshfeghAGoldmanJClevelandLWhatweeatinAmericaNHANES2001ndash02UsualnutrientintakesfromfoodcomparedtodietaryreferenceintakesBeltsville(MD)USDepartmentofAgricultureAgriculturalResearchService2005[cited2011]AvailableathttpwwwarsusdagovSP2UserFilesPlace12355000pdf0102usualintaketables2001-02pdf

NapoliJLVitaminAbiochemistryandphysiologicalroleInCaballeroBAllenLPrenticeAeditorsEncyclopediaofhumannutrition2ndedAmsterdamElsevierLtd2006pp339ndash347

RedlichCABlanerWSVanBennekumAMChungJSCleverSLHolmCTetalEffectofsupplementationwithbeta-caroteneandvitaminAonlungnutrientlevelsCancerEpidemiolBiomarkersPrev19987211ndash214

RockCLMultivitamin-multimineralsupplementswhousesthemAmJClinNutr200785(suppl)277S-9S

RoodhooftJMLeadingcausesofblindnessworldwideBullSocBelgeOphthalmol200228319ndash25

ThomasRGGebhardtSENutsandseedsassourcesofalphaandgammatocopherolsICRWCRFInternationalResearchConference2006Jul13-14WashingtonDC[cited2011]AvailableathttpwwwarsusdagovSP2UserFilesPlace12354500ArticlesAICR06_NutSeedpdf

USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesDietaryGuidelinesforAmericans20107thEditionWashingtonDCUSGovernmentPrintingOfficeDecember2010[cited2011]AvailableathttpwwwcnppusdagovDGAs2010-PolicyDocumenthtm

WestJrKPVitaminAdeficiencyandinterventionsInCaballeroBAllenLPrenticeAeditorsEncyclopediaofhumannutrition2ndedAmsterdamElsevierLtd2006pp348ndash359

WHOSerumretinolconcentrationsfordeterminingtheprevalenceofvitaminAdeficiencyinpopulationsVitaminandMineralNutritionInformationSystemGenevaWorldHealthOrganization2011(WHONMHNHDMNM113)Availableathttpwwwwhointvmnisindicatorsretinolpdf


Vitamin DBackground InformationSources and Physiological FunctionsVitaminD(calciferol)comprisesagroupoffatsolubleseco-sterolsfoundnaturallyinonlyafewfoodssuchasfish-liveroilsfattyfishesmushroomseggyolksandliverThetwomajorphysiologicallyrelevantformsofvitaminDareD2(ergocalciferol)andD3(cholecalciferol)VitaminD3isphotosynthesizedintheskinofvertebratesbytheactionofsolarultraviolet(UV)Bradiationon7-dehydrocholesterolpresentintheskin(Fieser1959)VitaminD2isproducedbyUVirradiationofergosterolwhichoccursinmoldsyeastandhigher-orderplantsUnderconditionsofregularsunexposuredietaryvitaminDintakeisofminorimportanceHoweverlatitudeseasonagingsunscreenuseandskinpigmentationinfluencetheproductionofvitaminD3bytheskin(InstituteofMedicine2011)IntheUnitedStatesmostofthedietaryintakeofvitaminDcomesfromfortifiedmilkproductsandotherfortifiedfoodssuchasbreakfastcerealsandorangejuice(InstituteofMedicine2011)BothvitaminD2andD3areusedinnonprescriptionvitaminDsupplementsbutvitaminD2istheonlyformavailablebyprescriptionintheUnitedStates(Holick2007)

VitaminDwithoutasubscriptrepresentseitherD2orD3orbothVitaminDperseisbiologicallyinertWhetherderivedfromtheskinordietvitaminDisonlyshort-livedincirculation(withahalf-lifeof1ndash2days)asitiseitherstoredinfatcellsormetabolizedintheliver(Mawer1972)IncirculationvitaminDisboundtovitaminD-bindingproteinandtransportedtotheliverwhereitisconvertedto25-hydroxyvitaminD[25(OH)D](DeLuca1984)ThismajorcirculatingformofvitaminDisagoodreflectionofcumulativeeffectsofexposuretosunlightanddietaryintakeofvitaminD(Haddad1973Holick1995)andisthereforeusedbyclinicianstodeterminevitaminDstatusTobebiologicallyactivatedatphysiologicconcentrations25(OH)Dmustbeconvertedinthekidneysto125-dihydroxyvitaminD[125(OH)2D]whichisthoughttoberesponsibleformostifnotallofthebiologicfunctionsofvitaminD(DeLuca1988Reichel1989)Theproductionof25(OH)DintheliverisafunctionofvitaminDavailabilityfromdietaryintakeandsunexposurewhereasproductionof125(OH)2DinthekidneyistightlyregulatedbymineralrequirementsInthelivervitaminD-25-hydroxylaseisdown-regulatedbyvitaminDanditsmetabolitestherebylimitinganyincreaseinthecirculatingconcentrationof25(OH)DfollowingintakesorfollowingproductionofvitaminDafterexposuretosunlightInthekidneyinresponsetoserumcalciumandphosphorusconcentrationstheproductionof125(OH)2Disregulatedthroughtheactionofparathyroidhormone(PTH)(DeLuca1988Reichel1989)

Health EffectsActivevitaminD(125-dihydroxyvitaminD)functionsasahormoneanditsmainbiologicfunctioninpeopleistomaintainserumcalciumandphosphorusconcentrationswithinthenormalrangebyenhancingtheefficiencyofthesmallintestinetoabsorbthesemineralsfromthediet(DeLuca1988Reichel1989)Whendietarycalciumintakeisinadequatetosatisfythebodyrsquoscalciumrequirement125(OH)2DalongwithPTHmobilizescalciumstoresfromtheboneInthekidney125(OH)2DincreasescalciumreabsorptionbythedistalrenaltubulesApartfromthesetraditionalcalcium-relatedactions125(OH)2Danditssyntheticanalogsareincreasinglyrecognizedfortheirpotentanti-proliferativepro-differentiativeandimmunomodulatoryactivities(Nagpal2005)

VitaminDdeficiencyischaracterizedbyinadequatemineralizationorbydemineralizationoftheskeletonAmongchildrenvitaminDdeficiencyisacommoncauseofbonedeformitiesknownasricketsVitaminDdeficiencyinadultsleadstoamineralizationdefectintheskeleton


causingosteomalaciaanditinducessecondaryhyperparathyroidismwithconsequentbonelossandosteoporosisPotentialrolesforvitaminDbeyondbonehealthsuchaseffectsonmusclestrengththeriskforcancerandtheriskfortype2diabetesareunderintenseinvestigationTheAgencyforHealthcareResearchandQuality(AHRQ)reviewedtheeffectivenessandsafetyofvitaminDonoutcomesrelatedtobonehealth(Cranney2007)ThereportsuggeststhatvitaminDsupplementationhaspositiveeffectsonbonehealthinpostmenopausalwomenandoldermenAnotherAHRQsystematicreviewofvitaminDstatusandhealthoutcomesfoundnosignificantassociationsbetweenvitaminDstatusandtotalcancermortalitynordiditfindanyconclusiveevidencefortheassociationofvitaminDstatuswithcancerriskorcanceroutcome(Chung2009)ItalsofoundnoclearassociationbetweenvitaminDstatusandcardiometabolicoutcomesincludingfastingglucosebloodpressuremyocardialinfarctionorstrokeRandomizedtrialsshowednoclinicallysignificantconsistenteffectsofvitaminDsupplementationatthedosagesgiven(Pittas2010)

Intake RecommendationsWhatconstitutestheoptimalintakeofvitaminDremainsamatterofsomedisagreementCurrentrecommendationsfromtheInstituteofMedicine(2011)callfor400internationalunits(IU)[10micrograms(microg)]ofvitaminDdailyfrombirththroughage1yearforadequateintake(AI)]TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)forthoseaged1ndash70yearsis600IU(15microg)and800IU(20microg)forthoseolderthan70yearsAccordingtotheDietaryGuidelinesforAmericans(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthHumanServices2010)moderateevidenceshowsthatintakeofmilkandmilkproductsislinkedtoimprovedbonehealthespeciallyinchildrenandadolescentsIntheUnitedStatesmostdietaryvitaminDisobtainedfromfortifiedfoodsespeciallymilkTheTolerableUpperIntakeLevelforvitaminDis4000IU(100microg)perdayinNorthAmericaforindividuals9yearsofageandolderandrangesfrom1000IUto3000IUforinfantsandchildrenlessthan9yearsofageasintakeincreasesabovethisamountthepotentialriskforadverseconsequencesincreases

Biochemical Indicators and MethodsToassessvitaminDstatusonemeasurestheconcentrationof25(OH)Dinserumusingeitherantibody-basedmethodssuchasradioisotope-enzyme-linked-orchemiluminescence-immunoassaysorusingchemistry-basedmethodssuchasHPLCseparationwithUVortandemmassspectrometrydetectionStudieshaveshownthatstandardizedchemistry-basedmethodsareequivalentbutthatantibody-basedmethodsmayshowsignificantbiasSomeclinicallaboratoriesuseconventionalunitsfor25(OH)D(nanogrampermilliliter[ngmL])whereasotherlaboratoriesuseinternationalsystem(SI)units(nanomoleperliter[nmolL])TheconversionfactortoSIunitsis1ngmL=25nmolL

TheInstituteofMedicine(2011)committeetoreviewdietaryreferenceintakesforvitaminDandcalciumsuggestedthatpersonswithserum25(OH)Dconcentrationsoflessthan30nmolL(12ngmL)areatriskfordeficiencythosewithconcentrationsofatleast30butlessthan50nmolL(12tolessthan20ngmL)areatriskforinadequacyandthosewithconcentrationsbetween50ndash75nmolL(20ndash30ngmL)areconsideredsufficientTheCommitteeindicatedthatconcentrationsgreaterthan125nmolL(50ngmL)maybereasonforconcernOfinterest


topublichealthscientiststhereportindicatedthataserum25(OH)DlevelconsistentwiththeEstimatedAverageRequirementfordietaryintake(EAR)liesbetween30and50nmolLandthat40nmolLwasselectedfromthemiddleoftherangetoserveasthetargetedlevelformediandietaryrequirements(InstituteofMedicine2011)

Anumberofexternalqualityassuranceprogramsexistforserumorplasma25(OH)DconcentrationmeasurementsincludingthosesponsoredbyDEQAS(VitaminDExternalQualityAssessmentScheme)CollegeofAmericanPathologists(BoneandGrowthSurveyandAccuracy-BasedVitaminDSurvey)andNISTNIH(VitaminDMetabolitesQualityAssuranceProgram)Standardreferencematerials(SRM972)withcertifiedvaluesfor25(OH)D225(OH)D3andC3-epimerof25(OH)D3areavailablefromtheUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST)Anadditionalsolvent-basedreferencematerialset(SRM2972)withcertifiedvaluesfor25(OH)D2and25(OH)D3isalsoavailable(httpswww-snistgovsrmorsview_detailcfmsrm=972)FurtherimprovementintheagreementbetweenlaboratoriesandmethodsisexpectedasmorelaboratoriesusetheseSRMs

Data in NHANESThedatainthisreportwereobtainedbyuseofanantibody-basedmethodspecificallyaradioimmunoassay(DiaSorinStillwaterMN)Themanufacturerreformulatedthekitinthelate1990sresultingindatathatwereonaverage12lowerthanthosegeneratedwiththeoriginalkitTomakeNHANESIIIdata(originalkit)comparabletodatafrom2001ndash2006(reformulatedkit)wefollowedtherecommendationsofapanelofexperts(Yetley2010)touseapublishedadjustmentequationfortheNHANESIIIdata(seeAnalyticNoteathttpwwwcdcgovnchsnhanesnhanes2005-2006VID_Dhtm)TheAnalyticNotealsoreportedthatthereformulatedkitshowedsomeassaydriftsbetween2001and2006Togenerate2003ndash2004and2005ndash2006tablesandfiguresweusedthepublicreleasedatafilesfromNovember2010Usingdatathatwerealreadyadjustedfortheseassaydriftswasthemostappropriatewaytomakecomparisonsacrosssurveycycles

Since1988NHANEShasmonitoredthevitaminDstatusoftheUSpopulationBydesignthissurveycollectsinformationandbiologicalsamplesinthesummerfrompeoplelivingathigherlatitudesandinthewinterfrompeoplelivingatlowerlatitudesBecausethedifferentracialandethnicgroupsarenotevenlydistributedacrossallgeographicregionsintheUnitedStatestheseason-latitudestructureofthesurveycanaffectcomparisonsbyraceorethnicityIntwoseasonalsubpopulationsfromNHANESIII(1988ndash1994)Lookeretal(2002)showedthatinthewinterandlowerlatitudesubpopulation1ndash5and25ndash57had25(OH)Dconcentrationslessthan25nmolL(10ngmL)andlessthan625nmolL(25ngmL)respectivelyInthesummerandhigherlatitudesubpopulation1ndash3and21ndash49had25(OH)DconcentrationsbelowthesecutoffsMean25(OH)Dconcentrationswerehighestinnon-HispanicwhitesintermediateinMexicanAmericansandlowestinnon-HispanicblacksAmorerecentanalysisofNHANESIIIandNHANES2000ndash2004(Looker2008)demonstratedthatoverallmeanserum25(OH)Dwere5ndash9nmolLlowerin2000ndash2004thanin1988ndash1994inmostmalesbutnotinmostfemalesFactorsrelatedtochangesinvitaminDstatuswereincreasedbodymassindexdecreasedmilkintakeandincreasedusageofsunprotectioninthemorerecentsurveys

For more information about vitamin DseetheInstituteofMedicinersquosDietaryReferenceIntakereports(InstituteofMedicine2011)factsheetsfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealthOfficeofDietarySupplements

(httpodsodnihgovHealth_InformationInformation_About_Individual_Dietary_Supplementsaspx)


HighlightsSerum25-hydroxyvitaminD[25(OH)D]concentrationsintheUSpopulationshowedthefollowingdemographicpatternsandcharacteristics

bull Concentrationsgenerallydecreasedwithincreasingagebull Noconsistentpatternwasobservedwithregardtogenderbull Amongthethreeraceethnicgroupsnon-Hispanicblackshadthelowest25(OH)D

concentrationsandnon-Hispanicwhiteshadthehighestconcentrationsbull ThelikelihoodofbeingvitaminDdeficientwassignificantlyinfluencedbyrace

ethnicityDuringthepastseveralyearsthevitaminDstatusoftheUSpopulationwasunderintensiveinvestigationtodeterminewhetheradownwardtrendwasapparentIntheanalysisbelowweuseddatathatwereadjustedforradioimmunoassayreformulationandassaydriftsaccordingtorecommendationsmadebyapanelofexperts(Yetley2010)Theage-adjustedmean25(OH)DconcentrationsintheUSpopulationdecreasedbyapproximately10betweenNHANESIIIandtheperiods2001ndash2002and2003ndash2006(FigureH2b)Decreaseswereseeninallgroupsshown(totalorstratifiedbygenderorraceethnicity)Similarlyarecentreportfoundthattheage-andseason-adjustedprevalenceatriskofdeficiency(serum25(OH)Dconcentrationslessthan30nmolL)increasedbetween1988ndash1994and2001ndash2002from4to7formalesaged12yearsandolderandfrom7to11forfemalesaged12yearsandolder(Looker2011)

Figure H2bAge-adjustedgeometricmeanconcentrationsofserum25-hydroxyvitaminDintheUSpopulationaged12yearsandolderbygenderorraceethnicityNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey1988ndash2006


Itisinterestingtonotethatnon-HispanicblacksoneyearandolderhadthehighestprevalenceofvitaminDdeficiency(serum25(OH)Dconcentrationslessthan30nmolL)(FigureH2c)despiteclinicaldatashowingsuperiorbonehealthwithgreaterdensityandfewerfracturesthanotherraceethnicgroupsfurtherresearchisneededtoexplainthisunusualfinding(Aloia2008)HigherpeakbonemasshigherobesityratesgreatermusclemassandlowerboneturnoveraresomeofthefactorsthathavebeensuggestedtoprotectAfricanAmericansagainstfracture

a a

a a

a

a

b b b

b

b

b

b b b

b

c

b

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total population


Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Seru

m 2

5-hy

drox

yvita

min

D (n

mol

L)

1988-1994 2001-2002 2003-2006


(Aloia2008)Non-HispanicblacksandMexicanAmericanshadthehighestprevalenceoflowserum25(OH)Dconcentrationscategorizedatriskforinadequacy(30tolessthan50nmolL)comparedtonon-Hispanicwhites(FigureH2c)

Figure H2cAge-adjustedprevalenceestimatesofserum25-hydroxyvitaminDconcentrationslessthan30and30tolessthan50nmolLintheUSpopulationaged1yearandolderbyraceethnicityNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey2003ndash2006

Errorbarsrepresent95confidenceintervalsWithineachvitaminDstatuscategorybarsnotsharingacommonletterdiffer(plt005)Ageadjustmentwasdoneusingdirectstandardization

TheInstituteofMedicine(2011)reportconcludedthatserum25(OH)Dlevelsof40nmolLareatalevelconsistentwithadesirablemedianintakeofvitaminDNon-Hispanicblackshadsignificantlyhigherprevalenceofserumconcentrationslessthan40nmolL(FigureH2d)whichcorrespondstothetargetedlevelforthemediandietaryrequirementThemedianmeetstherequirementofapproximatelyhalfthepopulationthusindividualswithconcentrationslessthan40nmolLareatincreasedriskofadversehealthoutcomes

Figure H2dAge-adjustedprevalenceestimatesofserum25-hydroxyvitaminDconcentrationslessthan40nmolLintheUSpopulationaged1yearsandolderbyraceethnicityNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey2003ndash2006

Errorbarsrepresent95confidenceintervalsBarsnotsharingacommonletterdiffer(plt005)Ageadjustmentwasdoneusingdirectstandardization

lt 30 nmolL 30 to lt 50 nmolL

a

b

c

a

b

c

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Mexican American

Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Mexican American

Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Prev

alen

ce (

)


a

b

c

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Prev

alen

ce (

)

Mexican American Non-Hispanic black

lt 40 nmolL

Non-Hispanic white



Geometric mean concentrations (NHANES 2003ndash2006)bull Serum25(OH)Dconcentrationsdecreasedthroughadolescenceandthenstabilized

(Table213a1)bull Non-Hispanicblackshadthelowestconcentrationsofserum25(OH)D(Table

213a1)

Changes in geometric mean concentrations across surveysbull Geometricmean25(OH)Dconcentrationsremainedsteadyacrossthesurveycycles

from2001ndash2006(Table213b)

Prevalence estimates of low or high biochemical indicator concentrationsbull Between2003and20068ofthepopulationaged1yearandolderwereatriskfor

vitaminDdeficiencyasdefinedbyaserumconcentrationlt30nmolLwhereas24hadserumconcentrationsbetween30andlessthan50nmolLlevelsthatplacedthematriskforinadequacy(Tables213c1and213c2)Approximately17ofthepopulationhadconcentrationslt40nmolLwhichisconsideredthelevelassociatedwithdesirableintake(Tables213c3)Lessthan1hadserumconcentrationsgt125nmolLalevelthatmaybereasonforconcernaboutexcess(Tables213c4)

bull Lessthan2ofchildren(1ndash11years)wereatriskforvitaminDdeficiency(Table213c1)

bull Morefemales(10)thanmales(6)wereatriskforvitaminDdeficiency(Table213c1)

bull Morenon-Hispanicblacks(31)wereatriskforvitaminDdeficiencythannon-Hispanicwhites(4)orMexicanAmericans(11)(Table213c1)

bull TheprevalenceofriskforvitaminDdeficiencyremainedsteadyacrossthe2001ndash2006surveycycles(Table213d1)


Tabl

e 2

13a

1 S

erum

25-

hydr

oxyv

itam

in D

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n nm

olL

) for

the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

1 y

ear a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 1

year

and

old

er55

6(5

36

ndash 57

6)

185

(17

4 ndash

197

)23

2(2

14

ndash 25

0)

580

(56

3 ndash

599

)96

6(9

39

ndash 10

1)10

8(1

05 ndash

112

)16

604

Age

gro

up1ndash

5 ye

ars

686

(66

7 ndash

705

)36

9(3

29

ndash 38

8)

416

(39

5 ndash

434

)68

8(6

69

ndash 70

6)

996

(95

7 ndash

107)

107

(102

ndash 1

21)

179

96ndash

11 y

ears

638

(61

6 ndash

661

)30

5(2

73

ndash 31

6)

353

(32

0 ndash

387

)64

5(6

30

ndash 66

1)

972

(92

5 ndash

108)

105

(98

4 ndash

122)

176

812

ndash19

year

s55

1(5

24

ndash 58

0)

180

(15

6 ndash

201

)22

7(1

98

ndash 25

1)

576

(55

3 ndash

601

)98

4(9

43

ndash 10

8)11

1(1

06 ndash

123

)4

044

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

545

(52

1 ndash

570

)17

6(1

59

ndash 19

0)

218

(20

3 ndash

233

)56

6(5

44

ndash 58

9)

102

(97

2 ndash

108)

115

(110

ndash 1

22)

326

240

ndash59

year

s53

6(5

13

ndash 56

0)

178

(16

3 ndash

189

)21

7(1

98

ndash 23

6)

560

(54

1 ndash

581

)94

3(9

05

ndash 98

3)

103

(98

0 ndash

110)

266

060

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

541

(52

4 ndash

558

)19

1(1

81

ndash 20

1)

231

(21

6 ndash

246

)56

9(5

54

ndash 58

5)

919

(89

5 ndash

950

)10

0(9

66

ndash 10

6)3

071

Gen

der

Mal

es56

7(5

47

ndash 58

7)

207

(18

6 ndash

223

)25

8(2

38

ndash 27

3)

589

(57

1 ndash

607

)94

0(9

07

ndash 97

7)

103

(98

6 ndash

109)

814

5Fe

mal

es54

5(5

25

ndash 56

6)

176

(16

2 ndash

185

)21

2(1

98

ndash 22

5)

572

(55

2 ndash

592

)99

4(9

61

ndash 10

6)11

2(1

08 ndash

117

)8

459

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s48

7(4

63

ndash 51

2)

182

(16

8 ndash

194

)21

5(1

96

ndash 23

3)

499

(47

7 ndash

534

)81

8(7

92

ndash 84

7)

882

(85

4 ndash

920

)4

275

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

361

(34

3 ndash

380

)12

0(1

10

ndash 12

8)

143

(13

5 ndash

151

)36

6(3

42

ndash 39

1)

709

(68

5 ndash

737

)79

0(7

49

ndash 82

2)

434

9N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

619

(60

3 ndash

634

)24

9(2

33

ndash 25

9)

310

(29

1 ndash

326

)63

2(6

18

ndash 64

6)

102

(97

8 ndash

106)

113

(110

ndash 1

17)

669

8

1minus5 6minus11 12minus19 20minus39 40minus59 60+

0 20

40 60

80

Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

(nmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80


Figure 213a Serum 25minushydroxyvitamin D Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

(nmolL)

(nmolL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

1minus5 6minus11 12minus19 20minus39 40minus59 60+ 1minus5 6minus11 12minus19 20minus39 40minus59 60+

Females Males







Table 213a2 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in nmolL) for the total US population aged 1 year and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 1 year and older 556 (536 ndash 576) 232 (214 ndash 250) 580 (563 ndash 599) 966 (939 ndash 101) 166041ndash5 years 686 (667 ndash 705) 416 (395 ndash 434) 688 (669 ndash 706) 996 (957 ndash 107) 17996ndash11 years 638 (616 ndash 661) 353 (320 ndash 387) 645 (630 ndash 661) 972 (925 ndash 108) 176812ndash19 years 551 (524 ndash 580) 227 (198 ndash 251) 576 (553 ndash 601) 984 (943 ndash 108) 404420ndash39 years 545 (521 ndash 570) 218 (203 ndash 233) 566 (544 ndash 589) 102 (972 ndash 108) 326240ndash59 years 536 (513 ndash 560) 217 (198 ndash 236) 560 (541 ndash 581) 943 (905 ndash 983) 266060 years and older 541 (524 ndash 558) 231 (216 ndash 246) 569 (554 ndash 585) 919 (895 ndash 950) 3071MalesTotal 1 year and older 567 (547 ndash 587) 258 (238 ndash 273) 589 (571 ndash 607) 940 (907 ndash 977) 81451ndash5 years 692 (670 ndash 715) 417 (401 ndash 435) 693 (667 ndash 716) 101 (967 ndash 106) 9046ndash11 years 655 (632 ndash 679) 369 (325 ndash 403) 658 (643 ndash 676) 980 (924 ndash 116) 86212ndash19 years 566 (540 ndash 593) 253 (225 ndash 280) 587 (564 ndash 612) 952 (888 ndash 105) 204920ndash39 years 537 (514 ndash 561) 236 (209 ndash 257) 559 (537 ndash 578) 906 (877 ndash 967) 147240ndash59 years 558 (533 ndash 584) 253 (224 ndash 270) 580 (558 ndash 608) 924 (881 ndash 987) 131160 years and older 556 (537 ndash 577) 260 (238 ndash 279) 575 (556 ndash 597) 919 (891 ndash 972) 1547FemalesTotal 1 year and older 545 (525 ndash 566) 212 (198 ndash 225) 572 (552 ndash 592) 994 (961 ndash 106) 84591ndash5 years 679 (658 ndash 700) 413 (374 ndash 443) 684 (663 ndash 703) 981 (933 ndash 113) 8956ndash11 years 619 (596 ndash 644) 340 (314 ndash 376) 628 (601 ndash 653) 964 (925 ndash 103) 90612ndash19 years 536 (506 ndash 569) 206 (180 ndash 229) 564 (531 ndash 595) 106 (965 ndash 114) 199520ndash39 years 553 (524 ndash 583) 205 (191 ndash 218) 576 (544 ndash 607) 110 (106 ndash 116) 179040ndash59 years 516 (492 ndash 542) 194 (183 ndash 206) 541 (508 ndash 570) 951 (915 ndash 992) 134960 years and older 529 (511 ndash 547) 217 (202 ndash 232) 564 (545 ndash 582) 920 (891 ndash 958) 1524

Table 213a3 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in nmolL) for Mexican Americans in the US population aged 1 year and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 213a4 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in nmolL) for non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 1 year and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 213a5 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in nmolL) for non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 1 year and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 1 year and older 619 (603 ndash 634) 310 (291 ndash 326) 632 (618 ndash 646) 102 (978 ndash 106) 66981ndash5 years 736 (713 ndash 760) 490 (441 ndash 517) 723 (707 ndash 742) 105 (978 ndash 118) 5166ndash11 years 711 (682 ndash 741) 461 (435 ndash 481) 696 (675 ndash 718) 103 (961 ndash 119) 45712ndash19 years 652 (630 ndash 674) 374 (356 ndash 401) 647 (629 ndash 666) 107 (100 ndash 113) 105020ndash39 years 641 (618 ndash 665) 333 (298 ndash 363) 643 (618 ndash 666) 110 (107 ndash 115) 145840ndash59 years 589 (568 ndash 610) 274 (259 ndash 302) 604 (580 ndash 632) 967 (925 ndash 103) 136060 years and older 574 (559 ndash 589) 260 (242 ndash 277) 597 (583 ndash 611) 929 (908 ndash 972) 1857MalesTotal 1 year and older 624 (608 ndash 641) 337 (318 ndash 354) 636 (621 ndash 650) 974 (939 ndash 103) 33031ndash5 years 741 (717 ndash 766) 471 (415 ndash 523) 727 (704 ndash 748) 105 (992 ndash 116) 2796ndash11 years 726 (691 ndash 763) 471dagger (416 ndash 525) 709 (680 ndash 748) 105dagger (964 ndash 136) 21912ndash19 years 654 (632 ndash 677) 406 (373 ndash 427) 653 (635 ndash 671) 996 (935 ndash 112) 52820ndash39 years 616 (595 ndash 638) 335 (307 ndash 365) 623 (596 ndash 647) 968 (909 ndash 104) 64140ndash59 years 607 (585 ndash 630) 318 (284 ndash 340) 626 (599 ndash 648) 961 (900 ndash 104) 69160 years and older 587 (569 ndash 605) 305 (267 ndash 333) 600 (581 ndash 615) 927 (901 ndash 987) 945FemalesTotal 1 year and older 613 (596 ndash 631) 279 (256 ndash 303) 629 (610 ndash 645) 107 (102 ndash 111) 33951ndash5 years 731 (698 ndash 765) 498 (455 ndash 528) 719 (693 ndash 758) 105 (949 ndash 122) 2376ndash11 years 694 (666 ndash 724) 456 (427 ndash 476) 683 (656 ndash 708) 999 (948 ndash 109) 23812ndash19 years 649 (617 ndash 683) 349 (311 ndash 375) 639 (614 ndash 670) 112 (106 ndash 127) 52220ndash39 years 667 (635 ndash 700) 330 (264 ndash 371) 666 (635 ndash 696) 117 (112 ndash 128) 81740ndash59 years 571 (546 ndash 597) 248 (199 ndash 270) 584 (556 ndash 619) 972 (934 ndash 105) 66960 years and older 563 (546 ndash 580) 239 (220 ndash 257) 595 (578 ndash 612) 931 (900 ndash 998) 912dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 213b Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations by survey cycleGeometric mean and selected percentiles of serum concentrations (in nmolL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2006

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



140

120

5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

100

80

60

80

70

60

50

40

30

50

40

30

20

10


01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

Figure 213b Serum 25minushydroxyvitamin D Concentrations by survey cycle Selected percentiles in nmolL (95 confidence intervals) National Health and

Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2006



Table 213c1 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D PrevalencePrevalence (in percent) of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (lt 30 nmolL) for the US population aged 1 year and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Sample size



Total 1 year and older 16604 81 (67 ndash 98) 23004000Age group1ndash5 years 1799 07 (04 ndash 13) 1460006ndash11 years 1768 18 (13 ndash 26) 44200012ndash19 years 4044 85 (65 ndash 112) 282300020ndash39 years 3262 95 (76 ndash 118) 753800040ndash59 years 2660 93 (74 ndash 117) 734300060 years and older 3071 88 (73 ndash 105) 4084000GenderMales 8145 63 (50 ndash 79) 8735000Females 8459 99 (81 ndash 119) 14288000RaceethnicityMexican Americans 4275 113 (87 ndash 146) 2919000Non-Hispanic Blacks 4349 311 (274 ndash 351) 10623000Non-Hispanic Whites 6698 36 (30 ndash 44) 6929000


Table 213c2 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D PrevalencePrevalence (in percent) of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (between 30ndash50 nmolL) for the US population aged 1 year and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Sample size






Sample size





Table 213c4 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D PrevalencePrevalence (in percent) of high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (gt 125 nmolL) for the US population aged 1 year and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2006

Sample size



Total 1 year and older 16604 09 (06 ndash 12) 2449000Age group1ndash5 years 1799 sect sect6ndash11 years 1768 sect sect12ndash19 years 4044 14 (09 ndash 21) 45000020ndash39 years 3262 15 (09 ndash 24) 119300040ndash59 years 2660 06Dagger (03 ndash 12) 498000Dagger60 years and older 3071 03Dagger (01 ndash 06) 134000DaggerGenderMales 8145 04 (03 ndash 07) 587000Females 8459 13 (09 ndash 19) 1867000RaceethnicityMexican Americans 4275 sect sectNon-Hispanic Blacks 4349 sect sectNon-Hispanic Whites 6698 12 (08 ndash 17) 2283000Dagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Table 213d1 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Prevalence by survey cyclePrevalence (in percent) of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (lt 30 nmolL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2006

Sample size Prevalence (95 conf interval) Estimated total number of personsTotal 6 years and older 2001ndash2002 7807 84 (68 ndash 103) 21467000 2003ndash2004 7403 76 (55 ndash 105) 20049000 2005ndash2006 7402 95 (73 ndash 122) 25318000Age group1ndash5 years 2003ndash2004 895 sect sect 2005ndash2006 904 07Dagger (03 ndash 15) 137000Dagger6ndash11 years 2001ndash2002 991 sect sect 2003ndash2004 846 15 (08 ndash 26) 350000 2005ndash2006 922 22 (14 ndash 35) 52400012ndash19 years 2001ndash2002 2167 70 (44 ndash 111) 2266000 2003ndash2004 2059 70 (46 ndash 107) 2327000 2005ndash2006 1985 100 (68 ndash 145) 335300020ndash39 years 2001ndash2002 1691 95 (77 ndash 115) 7498000 2003ndash2004 1559 93 (66 ndash 128) 7391000 2005ndash2006 1703 96 (69 ndash 133) 770000040ndash59 years 2001ndash2002 1449 94 (72 ndash 122) 7125000 2003ndash2004 1278 75 (48 ndash 114) 5910000 2005ndash2006 1382 110 (83 ndash 145) 905400060 years and older 2001ndash2002 1509 88 (67 ndash 113) 3921000 2003ndash2004 1661 83 (61 ndash 111) 3841000 2005ndash2006 1410 93 (72 ndash 118) 4488000Gender(6 years and older)Males 2001ndash2002 3782 62 (49 ndash 79) 7774000 2003ndash2004 3638 53 (35 ndash 81) 6830000 2005ndash2006 3603 80 (60 ndash 106) 10419000Females 2001ndash2002 4025 104 (82 ndash 130) 13726000 2003ndash2004 3765 98 (73 ndash 131) 13254000 2005ndash2006 3799 109 (82 ndash 142) 14894000Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 2001ndash2002 1961 89 (67 ndash 116) 1863000 2003ndash2004 1802 97 (71 ndash 133) 2218000 2005ndash2006 1889 150 (102 ndash 215) 3604000Non-Hispanic Blacks 2001ndash2002 1821 378 (345 ndash 412) 11654000 2003ndash2004 1914 285 (226 ndash 352) 8872000 2005ndash2006 1932 374 (322 ndash 429) 11915000Non-Hispanic Whites 2001ndash2002 3416 37 (29 ndash 47) 6654000 2003ndash2004 3155 36 (26 ndash 49) 6423000 2005ndash2006 3027 40 (31 ndash 51) 7240000Dagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


Table 213d2 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Prevalence by survey cyclePrevalence (in percent) of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (between 30ndash50 nmolL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2006

Sample size Prevalence (95 conf interval) Estimated total number of personsTotal 6 years and older 2001ndash2002 7807 240 (217 ndash 264) 61533000 2003ndash2004 7403 245 (212 ndash 281) 64338000 2005ndash2006 7402 245 (217 ndash 275) 65423000Age group1ndash5 years 2003ndash2004 895 86 (64 ndash 115) 1741000 2005ndash2006 904 92 (65 ndash 128) 18570006ndash11 years 2001ndash2002 991 147 (109 ndash 196) 3639000 2003ndash2004 846 133 (94 ndash 184) 3199000 2005ndash2006 922 150 (115 ndash 193) 355800012ndash19 years 2001ndash2002 2167 236 (204 ndash 271) 7638000 2003ndash2004 2059 238 (194 ndash 289) 7881000 2005ndash2006 1985 246 (208 ndash 288) 821400020ndash39 years 2001ndash2002 1691 248 (218 ndash 281) 19655000 2003ndash2004 1559 275 (231 ndash 324) 21959000 2005ndash2006 1703 249 (219 ndash 281) 1986600040ndash59 years 2001ndash2002 1449 243 (213 ndash 275) 18368000 2003ndash2004 1278 251 (210 ndash 296) 19828000 2005ndash2006 1382 248 (208 ndash 294) 2036500060 years and older 2001ndash2002 1509 269 (230 ndash 312) 12040000 2003ndash2004 1661 238 (216 ndash 260) 11054000 2005ndash2006 1410 273 (241 ndash 306) 13167000Gender(6 years and older)Males 2001ndash2002 3782 228 (204 ndash 254) 28420000 2003ndash2004 3638 236 (198 ndash 279) 30162000 2005ndash2006 3603 243 (212 ndash 278) 31683000Females 2001ndash2002 4025 251 (225 ndash 279) 33130000 2003ndash2004 3765 254 (221 ndash 289) 34190000 2005ndash2006 3799 246 (216 ndash 278) 33739000Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 2001ndash2002 1961 356 (310 ndash 405) 7496000 2003ndash2004 1802 349 (306 ndash 395) 7963000 2005ndash2006 1889 355 (300 ndash 413) 8515000Non-Hispanic Blacks 2001ndash2002 1821 400 (375 ndash 426) 12350000 2003ndash2004 1914 422 (381 ndash 463) 13140000 2005ndash2006 1932 390 (361 ndash 420) 12422000Non-Hispanic Whites 2001ndash2002 3416 187 (166 ndash 210) 33627000 2003ndash2004 3155 186 (156 ndash 221) 33594000 2005ndash2006 3027 189 (160 ndash 222) 34271000





Table 213d4 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Prevalence by survey cyclePrevalence (in percent) of high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (gt 125 nmolL) for the US population National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001ndash2006

Sample size Prevalence (95 conf interval) Estimated total number of personsTotal 6 years and older 2001ndash2002 7807 08 (05 ndash 12) 1998000 2003ndash2004 7403 10 (05 ndash 17) 2547000 2005ndash2006 7402 08 (06 ndash 12) 2224000Age group1ndash5 years 2003ndash2004 895 sect sect 2005ndash2006 904 sect sect6ndash11 years 2001ndash2002 991 sect sect 2003ndash2004 846 sect sect 2005ndash2006 922 sect sect12ndash19 years 2001ndash2002 2167 sect sect 2003ndash2004 2059 13 (07 ndash 23) 427000 2005ndash2006 1985 14Dagger (07 ndash 29) 478000Dagger20ndash39 years 2001ndash2002 1691 10 (06 ndash 18) 821000 2003ndash2004 1559 17Dagger (08 ndash 34) 1334000Dagger 2005ndash2006 1703 13 (07 ndash 24) 105000040ndash59 years 2001ndash2002 1449 08Dagger (04 ndash 16) 616000Dagger 2003ndash2004 1278 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1382 sect sect60 years and older 2001ndash2002 1509 sect sect 2003ndash2004 1661 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1410 sect sectGender(6 years and older)Males 2001ndash2002 3782 sect sect 2003ndash2004 3638 sect sect 2005ndash2006 3603 05Dagger (02 ndash 10) 649000DaggerFemales 2001ndash2002 4025 11 (07 ndash 17) 1395000 2003ndash2004 3765 15 (08 ndash 29) 2071000 2005ndash2006 3799 11 (07 ndash 19) 1574000Raceethnicity(6 years and older)Mexican Americans 2001ndash2002 1961 sect sect 2003ndash2004 1802 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1889 sect sectNon-Hispanic Blacks 2001ndash2002 1821 sect sect 2003ndash2004 1914 sect sect 2005ndash2006 1932 sect sectNon-Hispanic Whites 2001ndash2002 3416 10 (07 ndash 15) 1859000 2003ndash2004 3155 13 (07 ndash 25) 2391000 2005ndash2006 3027 11 (07 ndash 17) 2047000Dagger Estimate flagged 30 le RSE lt 40 for the prevalence estimate sect Estimate suppressed RSE ge 40 for the prevalence estimate


ReferencesAloiaJFAfricanAmericans25-hydroxyvitaminDandosteoporosisaparadoxAmJClinNutr200888(2)545Sndash550S

ChungMBalkEMBrendelMIpSLauJLeeJetalVitaminDandcalciumSystematicreviewofhealthoutcomesEvidRepTechnolAssessNo183AHRQPublicationNo09-E015RockvilleMDAgencyforHealthcareResearchandQualityAugust2009

CranneyAHorsleyTOrsquoDonnellSWeilerHAPuilLOoiDSetalEffectivenessandsafetyofvitaminDinrelationtobonehealthEvidRepTechnolAssessNo158AHRQPublicationNo07-E013RockvilleMDAgencyforHealthcareResearchandQualityAugust2007

DeLucaHFThemetabolismphysiologyandfunctionofvitaminDInKumarReditorVitaminDbasicandclinicalaspectsBoston(MA)MNijhoffPublishers1984pp1ndash68

DeLucaHFThevitaminDstoryacollaborativeeffortofbasicscienceandclinicalmedicineFASEBJ19882224ndash236

FieserLFFieserMVitaminDInSteroids1stedNewYorkReinholdPublishingCorporation1959pp90ndash168

HaddadJGHahnTJNaturalandsyntheticsourcesofcirculating25-hydroxy-vitaminDinmanNature1973244515ndash517

HolickMFVitaminDphotobiologymetabolismandclinicalapplicationsInDeGrootLJeditorEndocrinologyVol23rdedPhiladelphia(PA)WBSaunders1995pp990ndash1013

HolickMFVitaminDdeficiencyNEnglJMed2007357266ndash281

InstituteofMedicineFoodandNutritionBoardDietaryreferenceintakesforcalciumandvitaminDWashingtonDCNationalAcademiesPress2011

LookerACDawson-HughsBCalvoMSGunterEWSayhounNRSerum25-hydroxyvitaminDstatusofadolescentsandadultsintwoseasonalsubpopulationsfromNHANESIIIBone200230771ndash777

LookerACPfeifferCMLacherDASchleicherRLPiccianoMFYetleyEASerum25-hydroxyvitaminDstatusoftheUSpopulation1988ndash1994comparedwith2000ndash2004AmJClinNutr2008881519ndash1527

LookerACJohnsonCLLacherDAPfeifferCMSchleicherRLSemposCTVitaminDstatusUnitedStates2001ndash2006NCHSDataBriefNo59HyattsvilleMDNationalCenterforHealthStatistics2011

MawerEBBlackhouseJHolmanCALumbGAStanburyDWThedistributionandstorageofvitaminDanditsmetabolitesinhumantissuesClinSci197243413ndash431

NagpalSNaSRathnachalamRNoncalcemicactionsofvitaminDreceptorligandsEndocrRev200526662ndash687

PittasAGChungMTrikalinosTMitriJBrendelMPatelKetalSystematicreviewVitaminDandcardiometabolicoutcomesAnnInternMed2010152307ndash314

ReichelHKoefflerHPNormanAWTheroleofvitaminDendocrinesysteminhealthanddiseaseNEnglJMed1989320980ndash991


YetleyEAPfeifferCMSchleicherRLPhinneyKWLacherDAChristakosSetalNHANESmonitoringofserum25-hydroxyvitaminDaroundtablesummaryJNutr20101402030Sndash2045S


Fatty AcidsBackground InformationNomenclatureFattyacidsareorganicacidscharacterizedbylongunbranchedaliphatictails(4-28carbons)attachedtoacarboxylgroupFattyacidsusuallypossessanevennumberofcarbonatomsandthecarbonchainmaycontainseveralunsaturatedorexclusivelysaturatedbondsThusfattyacidsdifferinchainlengthdegreeofsaturationlocationofthedoublebond(s)alongthechainandwhethertheorientationofhydrogenatomsadjacenttothedoublebondiscisortransFattyacidswithnodoublebondsarereferredtoassaturatedfattyacids(SFA)whilethosewithonedoublebondaremonounsaturatedfattyacids(MUFA)Fattyacidswithtwoormoredoublebondsaretermedpolyunsaturatedfattyacids(PUFA)PUFAaremostoftencategorizedintotwogroupsdistinguishedbyadifferenceinlocationofthefirstdoublebondfromthemethylendoftheacylchainnamelyn-6andn-3Linoleicacid(182n-6)andalpha-linolenicacid(183n-3)arerepresentativesofthesetwogroupsEachcontains18carbonatomsbutdiffersinthenumberofdoublebonds(182n-6vs183n-3)andthelocationofthefirstdoublebond(182n-6 vs183n-3)Inthisreportunlessmarkedallunsaturatedfattyacidsareassumedtobeinthecisconfiguration

Sources and Physiological FunctionsGoodsourcesofPUFAincludesoybeancornandcottonseedoils(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices2010)OilsthatarerichinMUFAincludeolivecanolaandsaffloweroils(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices2010)RecentNHANESdataprovideinformationonthemajorfoodsourcesofvariousfattyacidsconsumedintheUnitedStates(USNationalInstitutesofHealth 2010aand2010b)Chickendishesdessertssaladdressingschipsnutsseedsandpizzaarethemainsourcesofn-6PUFAThemainsourcesofn-3PUFA(C183n-3)intheAmericandietaresaladdressingschickendishesdessertspizzabreadmayonnaiseandpastadisheswhereasthemainsourcesoflong-chainn-3PUFA(C205n-3andC226n-3)arefishandfishmixeddishesThechiefdietarysourcesofMUFA(C181)aredessertsmeatsnutsseedspizzaFrenchfriesandMexicanfoodsThemainsourcesofSFAintheAmericandietarefull-fatcheesepizzaanddessertsothersourcesincludechickendishescuredmeatsribsandburgers

Triacylglycerols(triglycerides)thebasicbuildingblocksoffatsandoilsaremadeupofthreefattyacidsesterifiedtoaglycerolmolecule(Lichtenstein2005)Theyareusuallycomposedof2ndash3differentkindsoffattyacidspermoleculeDuringdigestiondietarytriglyceridesfromanimalandvegetablefatsarehydrolyzedinthesmallintestinetoreleasefreefattyacidsTheseacidsentertheintestinalcellsandareusedtoresynthesizetriglycerideswhichbecomeincorporatedintolargelipoproteinparticlescalledchylomicronstheseinturnarereleasedintothelymphpriortoenteringtheplasmaFattyacidswith10orfewercarbonatomscanbeabsorbedfromthegutdirectlyintothebloodstreamwheretheyareboundtoalbuminintheplasmaAtdistalsitestriglyceridesareagainhydrolyzedbylipasesbeforefattyacidscanentercellsforfurthermetabolismOnceinsideperipheralcellsfreefattyacidsprovideanimmediatesourceofenergy(fattyacidsarethebodyrsquosmajorfuelsource)oractassubstrateforthebiosynthesisofsignalingmoleculessuchaseicosanoidsFreefattyacidsarealsoincorporatedintootherlipidclassessuchasphospholipidssphingolipidsandcholesterylestersortheymayberesynthesizedintotriglyceridesandstoredforlaterusePhospholipidswhicharecriticalstructuralcomponentsofcellularmembranestendtoincorporateunsaturatedfattyacidsandsoserveasareservoirforMUFAandPUFA


Humansareincapableofdenovosynthesisofn-6andn-3PUFAbecausetheylacktheabilitytoinsertadoublebondanycloserthan9carbonsfromthemethylendThuslinoleic(182n-6)andalpha-linolenic(183n-3)acidarecalledldquoessentialrdquoPUFAinthattheyarerequiredforgoodhealthbutmustbederivedfromfoodsourcesratherthanthroughendogenousbiosynthesisormetabolismBothofthesefattyacidsaremetabolizedtolonger-chainmorehighlyunsaturatedformsNotethatSFAandMUFAinplasmaarenotexpectedtocloselyreflectdietaryintakebecausethesetwoclassesoffattyacidscanbeendogenouslysynthesizedfromcarbohydratesThestrongestcorrelationswithdietaryintakeareprovidedbyplasmaconcentrationsofn-3PUFAandtrans-fattyacids(Sun2007)

Health EffectsThemostcommonMUFAisoleicacid(C181n-9)althoughhumanscansynthesizethisfattyaciditisobtainedlargelythroughthedietEvidencesuggeststhatreplacingdietarycarbohydrateswithMUFAdecreasesLDL-cholesterolconcentrationbutthereislittleevidencethatMUFAareassociatedwithcoronaryheartdisease(Astrup2011)CurrentlyintensedebatesurroundsthequestionwhetherreductionindietarySFAreducesriskofcardiovasculardisease(Zelman2011)AtpresenttheDietaryGuidelinesforAmericansrecommendreducedintakeofSFA(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices2010)RestrictingfatintakeandreplacingSFAwithothernutrientshasrevealedaddedcomplexityinthediet-heartissueAccordingtoevidencefromhumanstudiesreplacingSFAwithPUFAlowerscoronaryheartdiseaseriskwhereasreplacingSFAwithcarbohydrateeitherhasnobenefit(Micha2010)ormaybeharmfulorbeneficialdependinguponthequalityofthecarbohydrate(Jakobsen2009Jakobsen2010)CarbohydrateseitherrapidlyorslowlyincreasebloodglucosehighlyrefinedcarbohydratesareamongsttheformerandhigherintakeoftheseisassociatedwithgreaterriskfordevelopmentofdiabetesReplacingSFAwithhighlyrefinedcarbohydratesandaddedsugarsmaybeincreasingheartdiseaseriskthroughpromotionofobesityanddiabetes(Hu2010)

ThehearthealthyeffectsofPUFAaremostoftenassessedbasedontheireffectsontheconcentrationsoftotalcholesterolHDL-andLDL-cholesterolcholesterolratiosandortriglyceridesIntakeofn-6PUFAhelpstolowertotalcholesterolandLDL-cholesterolhoweverhighintakeofn-6fattyacidsmaysuppressHDL-cholesterollevelsIncontrastn-3fattyacidconsumptionhasbeenshowntomaintainandevenincreaseHDLstatus(InternationalLifeSciencesInstitute2001)IntheUnitedStatestheFDApermitsqualifiedhealthclaimstobemadeaboutadiet-diseaserelationshipforcardiovasculardiseasecurrently6ofthe7permittedclaimsforcardiovasculardiseasearerelatedtotheMUFAorPUFAcontentofnutsoilsandspreadsorfishoilsupplements

Deficiencyintheessentialfattyacidsisdeterminedbyuseofaplasmatriene-to-tetraeneratio(eicosatrienoic[C203n-9]arachidonic[C204n-6]acid)aratiogreaterthan02indicatesdeficiency(InstituteofMedicine2005)(NoteeicosatrienoicwasnotpartoftheplasmafattyacidprofilemeasuredforNHANES2003-2004)PUFAdeficiencymaymanifestwithneuropathyandskinproblemssuchasroughorscalyskinanddermatitis(InternationalLifeSciencesInstitute2001)

Intake RecommendationsBecausethebodymakesmorethanenoughSFAtomeetmetabolicneedspeoplehavenorequirementforthesefattyacidsEvidencesuggeststhatSFAarepositivelyassociatedwithtotalcholesterolandLDL-cholesterolconcentrationsandthuswithcardiovasculardiseaseriskLoweringdietaryintakeofSFAtonomorethan10ofcaloricintakeandreplacingthemwithMUFAandPUFAisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcardiovasculardiseasemoreoverloweringthepercentageofcaloriesderivedfromSFAto7ofcaloriescanfurtherreduceriskofcardiovasculardisease(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices2010Cleeman2001)TheNationalCholesterolEducationProgramExpertPanelonDetectionEvaluationandTreatmentofHighBloodCholesterolinAdults(ATPIII)recommends


thatMUFAnotexceed20ofcalories(Cleeman2001)Guidanceaboutadequateintake(AI)isavailablefortheessentialfattyacidsTheAIoflinoleicacidis17gdformenand12gdforwomenForalpha-linolenicacidtheAIis16gdformenand11gdforwomenModerateevidenceshowsthatconsumptionofabout8ozofseafoodperweekwhichprovidesanaverageof250mgperdayofeicosapentaenoicacid(C205n-3)anddocosahexaenoicacid(C226n-3)reducescardiacdeathsamongpersonswithandwithoutcardiovasculardisease(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices2010)Thisamountofseafoodisalsoassociatedwithimprovedinfanthealthoutcomessuchasvisualandcognitivedevelopmentwhenconsumedbypregnantorlactatingwomen(USDepartmentofAgricultureandUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices2010)Currentlythereisnotenoughevidencetoestablishuppertolerablelimitsforn-3orn-6PUFA(InstituteofMedicine2005)

AccordingtotheAmericanHeartAssociationpatientswithcoronaryheartdiseaseshouldbeencouragedtoincreasetheirconsumptionofeicosapentaenoicacid(C205n-3)anddocosahexaenoicacid(C226n-3)toabout1gramperdaypreferablyfromoilyfishTheAmericanHeartAssociationDietaryGuidelinesrecommendatleasttwoservingsoffishperweek(particularlyfattyfish)forpatientswithoutdocumentedcoronaryheartdiseaseInadditioninclusionofvegetableoils(egsoybeancanolawalnutflaxseed)andfoodsources(egwalnutsflaxseeds)highinalpha-linolenicacid(C183n-3)isrecommendedinahealthydietforthegeneralpopulation(Kris-Etherton2002)TheAmericanHeartAssociationrecommends5-10ofenergyfromn-6fattyacids(Harris2009)whileAdultTreatmentPanelIIIrecommendsupto10oftotalcaloriesmaybeconsumedfrompolyunsaturatedfats(Cleeman2001)

Biochemical Indicators and MethodsThelongtermfattyacidcontentofthedietisbestrepresentedbytheadiposetissuetriglyceridecontentowingtothetwo-yearhalf-lifeofadiposetissuefattyacidsErythrocytesduetotheir120dayhalf-lifereflectintermediateterm(weeks-to-months)dietaryintakealthoughthisideahasbeenchallengedbydatademonstratinglargechangesinthefattyacidcompositionoferthyrocyteswithindaysofalteringdietaryfatintake(Hodson2008)Serumorplasmaconcentrationsrepresentmorerecentintake(days-to-weeks)FewstudieshavecomparedthefattyacidcompositionofplasmawithredbloodcellstoassesswhichsubstratebestreflectsdietaryintakeInonestudyfattyacidcorrelationswithfoodfrequencyquestionnairedatawereonlyslightlystrongerforerythrocytesthanforplasma(Sun2007)Thetriglyceridefractionofplasmaappearstodemonstratethegreatestday-to-dayvariationofanycirculatinglipidfractionThuswheneverserumorplasmaiscollectedforfattyacidanalysisfastingispreferredtominimizethewithin-andbetween-personvariabilityatthetimeofspecimencollection

Capillarygaschromatography(GC)isthetechniquemostfrequentlyusedtoseparatefattyacidsforquantitativeanalysisDetectionmethodsincludeflameionizationorelectroncapturenegativechemicalionizationmassspectrometryInternalstandardsareusedtocorrectforlossesduringsamplepreparationandimprovetheaccuracyandprecisionofmeasurements

Data in NHANESThedatainthisreportweregeneratedforfasted(ge8hours)adults(ge20years)byuseofgaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)basedonamodificationofthemethodofLagerstedtetal(2001)PlasmafattyacidconcentrationsarereportedinmicromolLunits


Generallyfattyaciddataareexpressedaspercentagebyweightoftotalfattyacids(wt)althoughpercentagebymole(mol)wouldbemoremeaningfulThepossibleadvantagesofusingabsoluteconcentrationsofindividualfattyacidshavenotbeenwellinvestigated(Hodson2008)NodataexistonplasmaconcentrationsoffattyacidsinNHANESpriorto2003Thisreportshowsfirst-timeNHANESdatafor24plasmafattyacidsincluding6SFA7MUFAand11PUFAthesedatawereacquiredusingsurplusplasmafromNHANES2003-2004Theserumspecimenswerestoredat-70degCuntilfattyacidsweremeasuredduringtheperiod2010ndash2011Basedonlimitedinformationintheliteratureaboutabsoluteconcentrationsthese24fattyacidsareestimatedtocompriseatleast90ofthetotalfattyacidscirculatingintheplasmainalllipidclasses(fattyacylsglycerolipidsglycerophospholipidssphingolipidsandsterols)Allunsaturatedfattyacidsareassumedtobeinthecisconfigurationtrans-fattyacidswerenotmeasured

FormoreinformationaboutpolyunsaturatedfattyacidsseetheInstituteofMedicinersquosDietaryRefer-enceIntakereports(InstituteofMedicine2005)andfactsheetsfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealthOfficeofDietarySupplements(httpodsodnihgovFactSheetsOmega3FattyAcidsandHealthasp)

HighlightsThesefirst-timeplasmaconcentrationsofsaturated(SFA)monounsaturated(MUFA)andpolyunsaturated(PUFA)fattyacidsintheUSpopulationshowedthefollowingdemographicpatternsandcharacteristics

bull Ingeneralfattyacidscirculatedatlowerconcentrationsinyoungeradultsbull Plasmaconcentrationsofindividualfattyacidsweregenerallysimilarinmenandwomenbull Noconsistentraceethnicpatternwasobservedforplasmafattyacidconcentrations

howeverheart-healthypolyunsaturatedfattyacidsshowedraceethnicdifferencesAllthreeclassesoffattyacidscontainedrepresentativesatlow(lt100micromolL)andhighconcentrations(gt1000micromolL)(FigureH2e)


Figure H2eGeometricmeanplasmaconcentrationsofindividualfattyacidsintheUSpopulationfromfastedadultsaged20yearsandolderbyraceethnicityNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey2003-2004

Errorbarsrepresent95confidenceintervalsThey-axisisdisplayedonthelogarithmicscale

Saturated (SFA) Monounsaturated (MUFA) Polyunsaturated (PUFA)200 Arachidic acid 221n-9 Docosenoic acid 225n-6 Docosapentaenoic acid240 Lignoceric acid 141n-5 Myristoleic acid 202n-6 Eicosadienoic acid220 Doconsanoic acid 201n-9 Eicosenoic acid 224n-6 Docosatetraenoic acid140 Myristic acid 241n-9 Nervonic acid 225n-3 Docosapentaenoic acid180 Stearic acid 181n-9 cis-Vaccenic acid 205n-3 Eicosapentaenoic acid160 Palmitic acid 161n-9 Palmitoleic acid 183n-6 gamma-Linolenic acid

181n-9 Oleic acid 183n-3 alpha-Linolenic acid226n-3 Docosahexaenoic acid203n-6 homo-gamma-Linolenic acid204n-6 Arachidonic acid182n-6 Linoleic acid

Plasmaconcentrationsofheart-healthyPUFAshowedraceethnicdifferencesGeometricmeanconcentrationsofeicosapentaenoicacid(EPA)whichistypicallyderivedfromseafoodandsupplementswerehigherinfastednon-HispanicblacksandwhitescomparedwithMexican-Americanadults(FigureH2f )

Inadditionplasmaconcentrationsoftherelatedlong-chainpolyunsaturateddocosahexaenoicacid(DHA)werehigherinnon-HispanicblackcomparedwithMexican-Americanandnon-Hispanicwhiteadults(FigureH2g)

Trackingplasmafattyacidconcentrationsovertimewillshowprogresstowardmoreheart-healthydiets

1

10

100

1000

10000

200 240 220 140 180 160 221n-9 141n-5 201n-9 241n-9 181n-7 161n-7 181n-9 225n-6 202n-6 224n-6 225n-3 205n-3 183n-6 183n-3 226n-3 203n-6 204n-6 182n-6

Saturated Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated G

eom

etric

mea

n (

mol

L)

20

30

40

50

60

A

b

a a

10

0 Mexican American Non-Hispanic black Non-Hispanic white

EPA

( m

olL

)

180

160

40

20

0

b

a

b

Mexican American Non-Hispanic black Non-Hispanic white

DH

A (

mol

L)

140

120

100

80

60

Figure H2f (FPNFUSJDNFBOQMBTNBDPODFOUSBUJPOTPGFJDPTBQFOUBFOPJD Figure H2g (FPNFUSJDNFBOQMBTNBDPODFOUSBUJPOTPGEPDPTBIFYBFOPJD BDJEamp1JOUIF64QPQVMBUJPOGSPNGBTUFEBEVMUTBHFEZFBSTBOE BDJE)JOUIF64QPQVMBUJPOGSPNGBTUFEBEVMUTBHFEZFBSTBOE PMEFSCZSBDFFUIOJDJUZ13BUJPOBM)FBMUIBOEVUSJUJPOampYBNJOBUJPO4VSWFZ13 PMEFSCZSBDFFUIOJDJUZ13BUJPOBM)FBMUIBOEVUSJUJPOampYBNJOBUJPO 4VSWFZ13

ampSSPSCBSTSFQSFTFOUDPOiacuteEFODFJOUFSWBMTBSTOPUTIBSJOHBDPNNPOMFUUFSEJigraveFS ampSSPSCBSTSFQSFTFOUDPOiacuteEFODFJOUFSWBMTBSTOPUTIBSJOHBDPNNPOMFUUFS Q EJigraveFSQ

Detailed Observations ɨF TFMFDUFE PCTFSWBUJPOT NFOUJPOFE CFMPX BSF UBLFO GSPN UIF UBCMFT BOE eumlHVSFT QSFTFOUFE OFYU 4UBUFNFOUT BCPVU DBUFHPSJDBM EJecircFSFODFT CFUXFFO EFNPHSBQIJD HSPVQT OPUFE CFMPX BSF CBTFE PO OPOPWFSMBQQJOH DPOeumlEFODF MJNJUT GSPN VOJWBSJBUF BOBMZTJT XJUIPVU BEKVTUJOH GPS EFNPHSBQIJD WBSJBCMFT FH13 BHF13 HFOEFS13 SBDFFUIOJDJUZ PS PUIFS CMPPE DPODFOUSBUJPO EFUFSNJOBOUT FH13 EJFUBSZ JOUBLF13 TVQQMFNFOU VTBHF13 TNPLJOH13 NVMUJWBSJBUF BOBMZTJT NBZ BMUFS UIF TJ[F BOE TUBUJTUJDBM TJHOJeumlDBODF PG UIFTF DBUFHPSJDBM EJecircFSFODFT VSUIFSNPSF13 BEEJUJPOBM TJHOJeumlDBOU EJecircFSFODFT PG TNBMMFS NBHOJUVEF NBZ CF QSFTFOU EFTQJUF UIFJS MBDL PG NFOUJPO IFSF FH13 JG DPOeumlEFODF MJNJUT TMJHIUMZ PWFSMBQ PS JG EJecircFSFODFT BSF OPU TUBUJTUJDBMMZ TJHOJeumlDBOU CFGPSF DPWBSJBUF BEKVTUNFOU IBT PDDVSSFE PS B TFMFDUJPO PG DJUBUJPOT PG EFTDSJQUJWF )amp4 QBQFST SFMBUFE UP UIFTF CJPDIFNJDBM JOEJDBUPST PG EJFU BOE OVUSJUJPO13 TFF Appendix G

Geometric mean concentrations (NHANES 2003ndash2004) t ɨF NBKPSJUZ PG GBUUZ BDJET DJSDVMBUFE JO QMBTNB BU MPXFS DPODFOUSBUJPOT JO ZPVOHFS

BEVMUT Z DPNQBSFE XJUI UIPTF JO UIF PMEFS BHF HSPVQT BOEPS Z 5BCMFT BB

t 8IJMF JO HFOFSBM13 QMBTNB DPODFOUSBUJPOT PG GBUUZ BDJET XFSF TJNJMBS JO NFO BOE XPNFO13 UIFSF XFSF B GFX MPOH DIBJO $$ FYDFQUJPOT JO XIJDI DPODFOUSBUJPOT XFSF IJHIFS JO XPNFO UIBO JO NFO 5BCMFT BB

t 1MBTNB DPODFOUSBUJPOT PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ POFUIJSE PG 4 BOE UISFFRVBSUFST PG 6 XFSF GPVOE BU MPXFS DPODFOUSBUJPOT JO OPO)JTQBOJD CMBDLT DPNQBSFE XJUI OPO)JTQBOJD XIJUFT BOEPS FYJDBO NFSJDBOT PUBCMZ13 OPO)JTQBOJD CMBDLT IBE TVCTUBOUJBMMZ MPXFS QMBTNB DPODFOUSBUJPOT PG NZSJTUJD 4 BOE NZSJTUPMFJD 6 BDJE UIBO OPO)JTQBOJD XIJUFT PS FYJDBO NFSJDBOT 5BCMFT B BOE B PS 1613 UIF QJDUVSF XBT NJYFE XJUI FBDI SBDFFUIOJD HSPVQ IBWJOH IJHIFS PS MPXFS DPODFOUSBUJPOT PG BU MFBTU POF 16 DPNQBSFE XJUI POF PS CPUI SBDFFUIOJD HSPVQT

198198 22ndnd Nat National Rional Reporeport on Biochemict on Biochemical Indical Indicatorators of Diet and Nutrs of Diet and Nutritition in the Uion in the USS P Populatopulationion



Tabl

e 2

14a

1 P

lasm

a m

yris

tic

acid

(14

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

119

(113

ndash 1

25)

425

(39

9 ndash

451

)48

1(4

62

ndash 50

5)

116

(108

ndash 1

23)

308

(282

ndash 3

53)

392

(360

ndash 4

38)

179

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

110

(104

ndash 1

17)

390

(31

1 ndash

425

)45

0(4

25

ndash 46

8)

106

(99

0 ndash

118)

301

(252

ndash 3

70)

370

(330

ndash 5

33)

603

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

126

(117

ndash 1

36)

462

(41

4 ndash

479

)51

8(4

72

ndash 56

4)

120

(109

ndash 1

32)

329

(287

ndash 4

01)

410

(383

ndash 4

81)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er12

1(1

12 ndash

131

)44

5(3

79

ndash 47

5)

502

(46

3 ndash

545

)12

0(1

12 ndash

127

)30

0(2

43 ndash

366

)32

9(3

07 ndash

426

)67

9G

ende

rM

ales

120

(112

ndash 1

29)

406

(34

0 ndash

451

)47

6(4

48

ndash 52

6)

118

(105

ndash 1

29)

320

(285

ndash 3

84)

414

(366

ndash 5

08)

856

Fem

ales

117

(111

ndash 1

24)

446

(39

5 ndash

459

)48

3(4

59

ndash 50

8)

115

(107

ndash 1

21)

303

(258

ndash 3

59)

365

(325

ndash 4

34)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s12

6(1

10 ndash

144

)41

6dagger

(39

1 ndash

475

)48

5(4

06

ndash 52

3)

124

(108

ndash 1

44)

342

(304

ndash 4

70)

408dagger

(349

ndash 1

810

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks85

8(7

89

ndash 93

3)

328

dagger(2

79

ndash 38

3)

398

(30

2 ndash

435

)84

3(7

20

ndash 95

0)

223

(178

ndash 2

83)

261dagger

(229

ndash 4

10)

309

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s12

3(1

16 ndash

131

)45

6(3

84

ndash 47

8)

509

(46

5 ndash

558

)11

9(1

10 ndash

127

)31

0(2

86 ndash

364

)39

6(3

58 ndash

464

)98

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0

Plas

ma

myr

istic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males


Figure 214a Plasma myristic acid (140) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

myr

istic

aci

dPl

asm

a m

yris

tic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 0

50

100

150

20minus39 40minus59 60+ 20minus39 40minus59 60+

Females Males







Table 214a2 Plasma myristic acid (140) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 20 years and older 119 (113 ndash 125) 579 (552 ndash 611) 116 (108 ndash 123) 248 (237 ndash 266) 179620ndash39 years 110 (104 ndash 117) 528 (494 ndash 559) 106 (990 ndash 118) 240 (209 ndash 260) 60340ndash59 years 126 (117 ndash 136) 618 (561 ndash 660) 120 (109 ndash 132) 266 (248 ndash 294) 51460 years and older 121 (112 ndash 131) 614 (546 ndash 670) 120 (112 ndash 127) 238 (224 ndash 256) 679MalesTotal 20 years and older 120 (112 ndash 129) 588 (547 ndash 615) 118 (105 ndash 129) 260 (243 ndash 272) 85620ndash39 years 112 (102 ndash 122) 534 (476 ndash 578) 106 (935 ndash 122) 245 (209 ndash 284) 27740ndash59 years 133 (120 ndash 147) 618 (575 ndash 706) 124 (109 ndash 154) 279 (265 ndash 336) 24760 years and older 115 (106 ndash 126) 582 (473 ndash 679) 119 (112 ndash 123) 226 (201 ndash 244) 332FemalesTotal 20 years and older 117 (111 ndash 124) 566 (536 ndash 615) 115 (107 ndash 121) 242 (225 ndash 270) 94020ndash39 years 109 (101 ndash 117) 513 (492 ndash 554) 106 (959 ndash 119) 226 (193 ndash 308) 32640ndash59 years 120 (111 ndash 131) 615 (516 ndash 649) 115 (107 ndash 123) 249 (226 ndash 301) 26760 years and older 126 (114 ndash 139) 641 (510 ndash 737) 121 (109 ndash 143) 244 (227 ndash 302) 347

Table 214a3 Plasma myristic acid (140) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 20 years and older 126 (110 ndash 144) 546 (492 ndash 620) 124 (108 ndash 144) 277 (244 ndash 352) 37520ndash39 years 122 (951 ndash 155) 510 (454 ndash 561) 123 (839 ndash 158) 259 (212 ndash 1990) 13240ndash59 years 133 (112 ndash 159) 612dagger (465 ndash 760) 130 (953 ndash 155) 313dagger (248 ndash 387) 9360 years and older 135 (124 ndash 146) 680 (642 ndash 751) 133 (112 ndash 160) 252 (224 ndash 315) 150MalesTotal 20 years and older 126 (102 ndash 156) 563 (496 ndash 624) 123 (959 ndash 153) 282 (228 ndash 410) 18820ndash39 years 123 (864 ndash 175) 518dagger (466 ndash 572) 123 (678 ndash 214) 274dagger (202 ndash 556) 6740ndash59 years 136 (104 ndash 179) 685dagger (541 ndash 827) 125 (905 ndash 177) 305dagger (201 ndash 721) 4860 years and older 117 (104 ndash 131) 656dagger (482 ndash 714) 117 (104 ndash 135) 199dagger (164 ndash 390) 73FemalesTotal 20 years and older 126 (110 ndash 145) 514 (407 ndash 653) 127 (108 ndash 152) 268 (240 ndash 339) 18720ndash39 years 119 (929 ndash 153) 505dagger (397 ndash 661) 121 (936 ndash 150) 245dagger (173 ndash 2410) 6540ndash59 years 130 (995 ndash 169) 500dagger (369 ndash 746) 134 (831 ndash 193) 313dagger (248 ndash 460) 4560 years and older 154 (131 ndash 180) 816dagger (545 ndash 951) 153 (120 ndash 195) 274dagger (228 ndash 391) 77dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 214a4 Plasma myristic acid (140) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 20 years and older 858 (789 ndash 933) 448 (380 ndash 501) 843 (720 ndash 950) 161 (146 ndash 201) 30920ndash39 years 819 (727 ndash 922) 436 (337 ndash 481) 767 (669 ndash 921) 149 (128 ndash 249) 12540ndash59 years 919 (828 ndash 102) 445dagger (284 ndash 516) 934 (825 ndash 106) 184dagger (150 ndash 249) 9860 years and older 849 (763 ndash 945) 469dagger (362 ndash 587) 797 (718 ndash 952) 154dagger (129 ndash 188) 86MalesTotal 20 years and older 873 (766 ndash 994) 409 (318 ndash 466) 853 (672 ndash 987) 170 (148 ndash 270) 14220ndash39 years 827 (677 ndash 101) 397dagger (285 ndash 470) 716 (615 ndash 101) 167dagger (128 ndash 466) 5740ndash59 years 988 (788 ndash 124) 412dagger (292 ndash 557) 978 (840 ndash 115) 229dagger (148 ndash 479) 4260 years and older 780 (642 ndash 946) 437dagger (360 ndash 528) 674 (589 ndash 104) 143dagger (121 ndash 187) 43FemalesTotal 20 years and older 847 (762 ndash 942) 465 (392 ndash 518) 830 (692 ndash 991) 153 (135 ndash 189) 16720ndash39 years 812 (724 ndash 912) 442dagger (339 ndash 515) 788 (646 ndash 987) 144dagger (110 ndash 259) 6840ndash59 years 870 (722 ndash 105) 466dagger (278 ndash 515) 865 (648 ndash 106) 160dagger (123 ndash 690) 5660 years and older 896 (783 ndash 103) 535dagger (398 ndash 638) 826 (735 ndash 103) 158dagger (120 ndash 194) 43dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size

Table 214a5 Plasma myristic acid (140) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

15a

1 P

lasm

a pa

lmit

ic a

cid

(16

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

271

0(2

640

ndash 2

780

)1

570

(14

20 ndash

16

10)

169

0(1

610

ndash 1

770

)2

630

(25

40 ndash

27

30)

471

0(4

500

ndash 5

030

)5

370

(51

80 ndash

56

30)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

254

0(2

470

ndash 2

610

)1

440

(13

30 ndash

15

50)

159

0(1

480

ndash 1

670

)2

450

(23

80 ndash

25

40)

455

0(4

000

ndash 5

330

)5

340

(47

40 ndash

68

60)

609

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

278

0(2

680

ndash 2

880

)1

600

(13

30 ndash

17

50)

183

0(1

650

ndash 1

910

)2

650

(25

30 ndash

28

00)

475

0(4

560

ndash 5

320

)5

410

(52

60 ndash

57

60)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

890

(27

90 ndash

29

90)

175

0(1

610

ndash 1

860

)1

910

(17

60 ndash

19

70)

282

0(2

740

ndash 2

940

)4

630

(43

90 ndash

51

60)

522

0(4

830

ndash 5

790

)68

2G

ende

rM

ales

270

0(2

590

ndash 2

810

)1

560

(13

80 ndash

16

50)

167

0(1

570

ndash 1

790

)2

610

(25

00 ndash

27

10)

473

0(4

400

ndash 5

320

)5

630

(50

90 ndash

60

90)

863

Fem

ales

272

0(2

640

ndash 2

800

)1

570

(14

00 ndash

16

10)

171

0(1

660

ndash 1

780

)2

640

(25

40 ndash

27

60)

466

0(4

450

ndash 5

270

)5

350

(49

70 ndash

55

00)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s2

880

(27

10 ndash

30

50)

150

0dagger(1

310

ndash 1

710

)1

750

(15

00 ndash

18

30)

275

0(2

620

ndash 2

970

)5

430

(45

80 ndash

63

10)

598

0dagger(5

640

ndash 6

380

)37

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks2

450

(23

40 ndash

25

70)

154

0dagger(1

250

ndash 1

580

)1

590

(13

20 ndash

17

30)

233

0(2

240

ndash 2

480

)4

020

(36

10 ndash

45

10)

457

0dagger(4

050

ndash 8

480

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

272

0(2

630

ndash 2

810

)1

570

(13

80 ndash

16

10)

169

0(1

600

ndash 1

780

)2

650

(25

50 ndash

27

30)

472

0(4

430

ndash 5

270

)5

350

(49

30 ndash

56

40)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4000


Figure 215a Plasma palmitic acid (160) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

0

1000

20

00

3000


Females Males







Table 215a2 Plasma palmitic acid (160) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 215a3 Plasma palmitic acid (160) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 215a4 Plasma palmitic acid (160) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 215a5 Plasma palmitic acid (160) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

16a

1 P

lasm

a st

eari

c ac

id (1

80)

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

692

(678

ndash 7

06)

432

(411

ndash 4

44)

471

(440

ndash 4

84)

684

(663

ndash 7

05)

104

0(1

020

ndash 1

100

)1

180

(11

30 ndash

12

70)

180

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

649

(635

ndash 6

64)

420

(362

ndash 4

37)

444

(422

ndash 4

68)

638

(624

ndash 6

59)

998

(922

ndash 1

120

)1

150

(10

30 ndash

14

70)

609

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

718

(698

ndash 7

38)

430

(383

ndash 4

73)

481

(426

ndash 5

24)

711

(682

ndash 7

33)

110

0(1

040

ndash 1

160

)1

210

(11

30 ndash

13

50)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er72

4(7

03 ndash

746

)47

1(4

30 ndash

489

)51

1(4

73 ndash

534

)73

1(6

97 ndash

763

)1

030

(976

ndash 1

120

)1

130

(10

40 ndash

13

10)

682

Gen

der

Mal

es69

0(6

71 ndash

710

)43

3(4

08 ndash

469

)47

2(4

40 ndash

483

)67

3(6

44 ndash

711

)1

090

(10

30 ndash

12

00)

128

0(1

170

ndash 1

360

)86

4Fe

mal

es69

4(6

77 ndash

712

)42

1(3

99 ndash

441

)46

2(4

33 ndash

489

)68

9(6

67 ndash

712

)1

030

(975

ndash 1

080

)1

140

(10

80 ndash

11

90)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s71

0(6

77 ndash

745

)44

0dagger(4

11 ndash

467

)47

5(4

34 ndash

492

)71

0(6

66 ndash

748

)1

150

(10

30 ndash

13

20)

121

0dagger(1

170

ndash 1

330

)37

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks67

6(6

55 ndash

697

)44

0dagger(3

56 ndash

471

)47

3(4

35 ndash

495

)66

9(6

45 ndash

693

)96

1(9

01 ndash

11

30)

113

0dagger(9

98 ndash

20

10)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s69

2(6

76 ndash

709

)42

1(4

08 ndash

441

)46

5(4

30 ndash

485

)68

6(6

63 ndash

709

)1

040

(10

20 ndash

10

90)

117

0(1

090

ndash 1

270

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

0 10

00

Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

1000


Figure 216a Plasma stearic acid (180) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

0 10

00

0 50

0

20minus39 40minus59

Females

60+ 20minus39 40minus59

Males

60+


20minus39

Age (years)

40minus59 60+ 20minus39 40minus59

Age (years)

60+



Table 216a2 Plasma stearic acid (180) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 216a3 Plasma stearic acid (180) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 216a4 Plasma stearic acid (180) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 216a5 Plasma stearic acid (180) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

17a

1 P

lasm

a ar

achi

dic

acid

(20

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

234

(23

0 ndash

239

)15

1(1

44

ndash 15

5)

162

(15

4 ndash

167

)23

2(2

29

ndash 23

6)

336

(32

5 ndash

359

)36

7(3

50

ndash 39

1)

175

7A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

222

(21

6 ndash

229

)14

8(1

33

ndash 15

2)

156

(15

0 ndash

162

)22

1(2

14

ndash 23

0)

316

(30

3 ndash

340

)33

9(3

24

ndash 36

6)

592

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

239

(23

3 ndash

245

)15

4(1

44

ndash 16

3)

168

(15

6 ndash

175

)23

5(2

29

ndash 24

2)

340

(32

4 ndash

368

)36

9(3

42

ndash 43

6)

500

60 y

ears

and

old

er24

8(2

41

ndash 25

4)

156

(13

7 ndash

163

)16

7(1

56

ndash 18

0)

249

(23

8 ndash

257

)36

1(3

38

ndash 38

6)

386

(36

5 ndash

422

)66

5G

ende

rM

ales

223

(21

8 ndash

228

)14

4(1

27

ndash 15

2)

155

(14

5 ndash

163

)22

0(2

17

ndash 22

3)

320

(31

4 ndash

328

)33

8(3

25

ndash 36

4)

843

Fem

ales

245

(23

9 ndash

251

)15

9(1

50

ndash 16

5)

169

(16

1 ndash

177

)24

3(2

37

ndash 25

1)

357

(33

6 ndash

384

)38

5(3

64

ndash 42

2)

914

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s22

5(2

13

ndash 23

8)

135

dagger(1

14

ndash 15

6)

156

(12

7 ndash

168

)22

4(2

11

ndash 23

7)

327

(31

2 ndash

355

)35

1dagger

(33

2 ndash

410

)36

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks23

2(2

21

ndash 24

3)

146

dagger(9

41

ndash 15

3)

154

(13

6 ndash

167

)22

7(2

19

ndash 23

5)

334

(31

2 ndash

408

)35

9dagger

(33

6 ndash

766

)30

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

236

(23

0 ndash

242

)15

3(1

41

ndash 15

8)

163

(15

3 ndash

168

)23

5(2

29

ndash 24

0)

341

(32

6 ndash

369

)37

5(3

56

ndash 39

5)

962

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

20 30

Plas

ma

arac

hidi

c ac

id(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30


Figure 217a Plasma arachidic acid (200) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

arac

hidi

c ac

idPl

asm

a ar

achi

dic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females Males







Table 217a2 Plasma arachidic acid (200) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 217a3 Plasma arachidic acid (200) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 217a4 Plasma arachidic acid (200) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 217a5 Plasma arachidic acid (200) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

18a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

noic

aci

d (2

20)

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

693

(67

7 ndash

710

)41

5(3

81

ndash 43

2)

452

(42

9 ndash

476

)69

5(6

80

ndash 71

4)

102

(99

0 ndash

108)

110

(106

ndash 1

17)

173

9

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s66

5(6

51

ndash 67

9)

426

(38

0 ndash

443

)46

1(4

30

ndash 48

1)

665

(65

0 ndash

685

)97

4(9

44

ndash 98

7)

999

(98

3 ndash

104)

589

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

718

(68

5 ndash

752

)41

6(2

01

ndash 45

2)

464

(40

2 ndash

495

)74

0(6

83

ndash 76

6)

105

(99

0 ndash

111)

111

(106

ndash 1

34)

496

60 y

ears

and

old

er70

2(6

82

ndash 72

4)

392

(31

7 ndash

429

)43

0(4

01

ndash 46

2)

709

(68

1 ndash

734

)10

9(1

05 ndash

114

)11

5(1

11 ndash

128

)65

4G

ende

rM

ales

658

(64

0 ndash

677

)39

3(3

42

ndash 42

4)

430

(39

7 ndash

451

)66

2(6

42

ndash 68

3)

964

(94

9 ndash

982

)10

5(9

82

ndash 11

1)83

4Fe

mal

es72

8(7

04

ndash 75

2)

434

(40

5 ndash

470

)48

4(4

51

ndash 50

3)

737

(70

7 ndash

756

)10

6(1

02 ndash

111

)11

3(1

08 ndash

128

)90

5Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

644

(61

3 ndash

677

)39

0dagger

(35

4 ndash

418

)42

0(3

74

ndash 46

5)

644

(60

9 ndash

674

)95

3(8

71

ndash 12

9)97

9dagger

(94

9 ndash

129)

367

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

696

(66

5 ndash

730

)41

1dagger

(20

8 ndash

472

)46

3(3

45

ndash 51

1)

694

(64

3 ndash

747

)10

6(1

04 ndash

107

)11

5dagger(1

07 ndash

123

)30

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

704

(68

9 ndash

720

)42

6(3

94

ndash 43

7)

469

(43

4 ndash

485

)70

9(6

94

ndash 72

8)

104

(99

2 ndash

110)

111

(108

ndash 1

21)

947

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80 100

Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

(μmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males


Figure 218a Plasma docosanoic acid (220) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

(μmolL)

(μmolL)

0 20

40 60

80 100

0

20

40 60

80


Females Males







Table 218a2 Plasma docosanoic acid (220) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 218a3 Plasma docosanoic acid (220) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 218a4 Plasma docosanoic acid (220) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 218a5 Plasma docosanoic acid (220) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

19a

1 P

lasm

a lig

noce

ric

acid

(24

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

540

(52

8 ndash

553

)31

2(2

95

ndash 33

0)

353

(32

7 ndash

368

)53

8(5

26

ndash 55

6)

809

(79

0 ndash

836

)87

0(8

49

ndash 90

2)

174

3A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

516

(50

3 ndash

530

)31

8(2

68

ndash 35

2)

356

(32

4 ndash

366

)51

3(4

98

ndash 52

9)

736

(71

8 ndash

786

)82

0(7

60

ndash 88

3)

583

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

564

(54

2 ndash

587

)33

2(2

87

ndash 37

6)

378

(32

9 ndash

396

)56

6(5

41

ndash 59

6)

811

(77

4 ndash

880

)86

8(8

36

ndash 94

4)

495

60 y

ears

and

old

er54

3(5

27

ndash 56

0)

291

(21

7 ndash

310

)31

6(3

00

ndash 34

2)

548

(52

4 ndash

575

)86

9(8

19

ndash 91

9)

923

(89

1 ndash

975

)66

5G

ende

rM

ales

537

(52

2 ndash

552

)30

6(2

85

ndash 33

0)

346

(30

7 ndash

377

)53

7(5

16

ndash 55

8)

808

(76

4 ndash

849

)86

1(8

45

ndash 93

1)

836

Fem

ales

544

(52

6 ndash

562

)32

4(2

98

ndash 35

0)

358

(32

6 ndash

370

)53

8(5

27

ndash 56

1)

807

(78

7 ndash

845

)87

3(8

38

ndash 91

9)

907

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s50

4(4

73

ndash 53

7)

299

dagger(1

92

ndash 32

6)

324

(28

7 ndash

360

)50

1(4

72

ndash 53

8)

764

(71

1 ndash

830

)80

7dagger

(76

9 ndash

117)

355

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

533

(50

5 ndash

562

)30

8dagger

(24

0 ndash

354

)34

8(2

70

ndash 38

0)

531

(49

6 ndash

570

)79

0(7

33

ndash 84

2)

839

dagger(7

90

ndash 11

2)30

2N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

547

(53

4 ndash

560

)31

5(2

87

ndash 33

6)

358

(33

1 ndash

372

)54

8(5

30

ndash 56

5)

814

(79

1 ndash

850

)87

2(8

51

ndash 92

1)

966

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma lig

noceric

acid

(μmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80


Figure 219a Plasma lignoceric acid (240) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plasma lig

noceric

acid

Plasma lig

noceric

acid

(μmolL)

(μmolL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60


Females Males







Table 219a2 Plasma lignoceric acid (240) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 219a3 Plasma lignoceric acid (240) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 219a4 Plasma lignoceric acid (240) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 219a5 Plasma lignoceric acid (240) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

20a

1 P

lasm

a m

yris

tole

ic a

cid

(14

1n-5

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

657

(60

8 ndash

709

)1

45(1

31

ndash 1

56)

179

(16

8 ndash

196

)6

50(5

90

ndash 6

99)

239

(21

4 ndash

293

)32

1(2

70

ndash 40

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

621

(56

7 ndash

680

)1

47(1

17

ndash 1

64)

176

(16

4 ndash

201

)6

05(5

34

ndash 6

75)

240

(19

3 ndash

326

)31

9(2

48

ndash 67

0)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

706

(63

0 ndash

790

)1

44(1

11

ndash 1

69)

186

(16

3 ndash

202

)6

87(6

20

ndash 7

62)

258

(21

4 ndash

346

)34

6(2

70

ndash 52

9)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er6

39(5

61

ndash 7

26)

140

(11

7 ndash

167

)1

73(1

56

ndash 1

99)

640

(55

3 ndash

745

)23

3(1

93

ndash 30

9)

269

(23

4 ndash

407

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

635

(57

0 ndash

707

)1

25(1

05

ndash 1

39)

170

(14

1 ndash

182

)6

47(5

47

ndash 7

28)

249

(22

8 ndash

297

)33

0(2

94

ndash 40

6)

865

Fem

ales

677

(62

6 ndash

732

)1

59(1

46

ndash 1

75)

194

(17

1 ndash

232

)6

51(5

96

ndash 6

96)

234

(19

9 ndash

312

)30

7(2

39

ndash 48

1)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s6

95(5

89

ndash 8

20)

153

dagger(1

02

ndash 1

80)

182

(15

1 ndash

205

)6

83(5

44

ndash 8

30)

261

(21

1 ndash

356

)33

1dagger

(27

4 ndash

684

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

91(3

50

ndash 4

38)

106

dagger(7

03 ndash

11

7)1

18(1

06

ndash 1

42)

378

(31

7 ndash

449

)12

8(1

15

ndash 21

4)

203

dagger(1

37

ndash 31

3)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s7

07(6

45

ndash 7

74)

165

(14

2 ndash

179

)2

06(1

80

ndash 2

33)

684

(62

2 ndash

746

)24

9(2

23

ndash 31

8)

327

(27

0 ndash

436

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 5

10

15

Plas

ma

myr

isto

leic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

15


Figure 220a Plasma myristoleic acid (141nndash5) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

myr

isto

leic

aci

dPl

asm

a m

yris

tole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 5

1015

0

510


Females Males







Table 220a2 Plasma myristoleic acid (141n-5) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 220a3 Plasma myristoleic acid (141n-5) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 220a4 Plasma myristoleic acid (141n-5) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 220a5 Plasma myristoleic acid (141n-5) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

21a

1 P

lasm

a pa

lmit

olei

c ac

id (1

61n

-7)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

217

(205

ndash 2

29)

733

(65

1 ndash

781

)84

0(7

90

ndash 89

6)

213

(196

ndash 2

30)

563

(526

ndash 6

64)

727

(657

ndash 8

06)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

195

(185

ndash 2

05)

725

(60

4 ndash

787

)82

0(7

50

ndash 84

1)

185

(173

ndash 1

94)

539

(450

ndash 6

74)

685

(611

ndash 8

40)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

228

(210

ndash 2

48)

693

(45

2 ndash

781

)82

4(7

13

ndash 96

8)

228

(206

ndash 2

51)

572

(525

ndash 7

72)

770

(671

ndash 8

37)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er23

8(2

20 ndash

259

)84

8(6

54

ndash 94

1)

100

(87

9 ndash

113)

241

(216

ndash 2

63)

559

(528

ndash 6

49)

676

(589

ndash 7

63)

681

Gen

der

Mal

es20

7(1

90 ndash

225

)69

0(5

34

ndash 74

7)

777

(68

8 ndash

840

)20

3(1

82 ndash

225

)56

2(4

95 ndash

683

)68

2(5

78 ndash

926

)86

3Fe

mal

es22

6(2

14 ndash

239

)83

2(7

12

ndash 88

4)

934

(89

1 ndash

104)

226

(204

ndash 2

43)

567

(528

ndash 6

79)

729

(630

ndash 8

46)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s24

0(2

09 ndash

277

)78

6dagger

(60

0 ndash

862

)87

0(6

42

ndash 95

4)

239

(204

ndash 2

81)

692

(594

ndash 7

80)

769dagger

(699

ndash 1

110

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks15

7(1

48 ndash

167

)64

8dagger

(47

2 ndash

689

)70

3(6

42

ndash 73

2)

151

(142

ndash 1

62)

429

(352

ndash 5

29)

523dagger

(433

ndash 7

55)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s22

1(2

08 ndash

236

)74

9(5

30

ndash 83

5)

889

(79

3 ndash

965

)22

1(2

01 ndash

237

)55

4(5

22 ndash

661

)72

2(6

15 ndash

831

)99

0dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 10

0 20

0 30

0 40

0

Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males


Figure 221a Plasma palmitoleic acid (161nndash7) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 40

0 0

100

200

300


Females Males







Table 221a2 Plasma palmitoleic acid (161n-7) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 221a3 Plasma palmitoleic acid (161n-7) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 221a4 Plasma palmitoleic acid (161n-7) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)

Selected percentiles (95 conf interval) Sample10th 50th 90th size


Table 221a5 Plasma palmitoleic acid (161n-7) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

22a

1 P

lasm

a ci

s-va

ccen

ic a

cid

(18

1n-7

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

146

(141

ndash 1

50)

753

(65

1 ndash

810

)83

6(7

62

ndash 89

7)

143

(139

ndash 1

48)

262

(251

ndash 2

74)

303

(283

ndash 3

44)

176

2A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

131

(126

ndash 1

38)

656

(58

6 ndash

753

)76

9(6

33

ndash 82

7)

129

(122

ndash 1

37)

235

(214

ndash 2

59)

269

(248

ndash 3

44)

589

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

148

(143

ndash 1

54)

764

(64

4 ndash

855

)86

6(7

51

ndash 95

5)

144

(139

ndash 1

50)

282

(251

ndash 3

09)

333

(298

ndash 5

33)

501

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

8(1

62 ndash

173

)94

1(8

53

ndash 10

2)10

3(9

34

ndash 10

9)16

6(1

62 ndash

172

)26

6(2

58 ndash

297

)30

1(2

78 ndash

344

)67

2G

ende

rM

ales

145

(139

ndash 1

51)

715

(62

4 ndash

812

)83

4(7

04

ndash 90

3)

141

(135

ndash 1

48)

265

(242

ndash 3

01)

325

(277

ndash 3

90)

845

Fem

ales

147

(141

ndash 1

53)

777

(61

8 ndash

817

)85

8(7

54

ndash 92

0)

145

(139

ndash 1

51)

260

(240

ndash 2

82)

301

(273

ndash 3

45)

917

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s15

2(1

38 ndash

166

)65

9dagger

(55

7 ndash

827

)80

9(5

80

ndash 93

1)

146

(136

ndash 1

64)

304

(258

ndash 3

78)

336dagger

(326

ndash 3

84)

373

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

129

(120

ndash 1

38)

695

dagger(5

45

ndash 74

7)

748

(68

0 ndash

803

)12

5(1

17 ndash

134

)23

7(2

06 ndash

354

)29

5dagger(2

51 ndash

429

)30

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

146

(140

ndash 1

52)

770

(62

1 ndash

854

)86

7(7

51

ndash 93

1)

144

(139

ndash 1

49)

260

(242

ndash 2

75)

298

(275

ndash 3

37)

958

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

0 20

0 30

0

Plas

ma

cisminus

vacc

enic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males


Figure 222a Plasma cisminusvaccenic acid (181nndash7) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

cisminus

vacc

enic

aci

dPl

asm

a ci

sminusva

ccen

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 0

100

200


Females Males







Table 222a2 Plasma cis-vaccenic acid (181n-7) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 222a3 Plasma cis-vaccenic acid (181n-7) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 222a4 Plasma cis-vaccenic acid (181n-7) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 222a5 Plasma cis-vaccenic acid (181n-7) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tab

le 2

23

a1

Pla

sma

olei

c ac

id (1

81n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

210

0(2

050

ndash 2

150

)1

110

(10

30 ndash

11

70)

122

0(1

170

ndash 1

270

)2

070

(20

00 ndash

21

50)

385

0(3

590

ndash 4

220

)4

480

(42

30 ndash

49

40)

179

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

191

0(1

840

ndash 1

980

)1

020

(955

ndash 1

080

)1

130

(10

80 ndash

11

70)

184

0(1

750

ndash 1

970

)3

710

(31

20 ndash

41

40)

419

0(3

770

ndash 8

650

)60

840

ndash59

year

s2

160

(21

00 ndash

22

30)

116

0(9

93 ndash

12

20)

128

0(1

180

ndash 1

350

)2

120

(20

10 ndash

21

90)

415

0(3

610

ndash 4

800

)4

790

(42

90 ndash

53

20)

512

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

360

(22

90 ndash

24

40)

133

0(1

290

ndash 1

400

)1

430

(13

40 ndash

15

50)

238

0(2

290

ndash 2

450

)3

850

(34

90 ndash

44

10)

441

0(4

120

ndash 4

930

)67

8G

ende

rM

ales

214

0(2

060

ndash 2

220

)1

140

(10

40 ndash

12

10)

123

0(1

160

ndash 1

300

)2

100

(20

10 ndash

22

00)

411

0(3

560

ndash 4

930

)4

930

(45

00 ndash

55

30)

858

Fem

ales

207

0(2

000

ndash 2

140

)1

090

(972

ndash 1

140

)1

200

(11

30 ndash

12

70)

202

0(1

940

ndash 2

140

)3

810

(34

90 ndash

40

20)

424

0(4

030

ndash 4

400

)94

0Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

224

0(2

060

ndash 2

430

)1

110dagger

(871

ndash 1

240

)1

270

(987

ndash 1

340

)2

170

(19

90 ndash

24

70)

428

0(3

850

ndash 5

240

)4

940dagger

(44

00 ndash

66

40)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

181

0(1

730

ndash 1

890

)1

020dagger

(892

ndash 1

080

)1

150

(10

10 ndash

11

80)

171

0(1

620

ndash 1

830

)3

180

(28

90 ndash

37

60)

376

0dagger(3

350

ndash 8

200

)30

8N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

213

0(2

060

ndash 2

200

)1

120

(990

ndash 1

210

)1

230

(11

40 ndash

13

20)

212

0(2

020

ndash 2

180

)3

840

(35

80 ndash

41

90)

438

0(4

160

ndash 4

930

)98

6dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

Plas

ma

olei

c ac

id(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4000


Figure 223a Plasma oleic acid (181nndash9) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

olei

c ac

idPl

asm

a ol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

0

1000

20

00

3000


Females Males







Table 223a2 Plasma oleic acid (181n-9) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 223a3 Plasma oleic acid (181n-9) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 223a4 Plasma oleic acid (181n-9) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 223a5 Plasma oleic acid (181n-9) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

24a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cose

noic

aci

d (2

01n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

136

(13

2 ndash

141

)6

69(6

33

ndash 7

03)

756

(68

3 ndash

798

)13

3(1

28

ndash 13

8)

259

(24

2 ndash

305

)33

1(2

99

ndash 38

3)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

126

(12

0 ndash

133

)6

35(5

53

ndash 6

66)

682

(63

5 ndash

749

)12

1(1

14

ndash 12

9)

258

(22

7 ndash

373

)34

7(2

63

ndash 45

2)

608

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

135

(13

0 ndash

141

)6

96(4

20

ndash 7

54)

759

(70

0 ndash

825

)13

2(1

23

ndash 13

8)

257

(23

6 ndash

317

)31

8(2

76

ndash 47

0)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er15

6(1

51

ndash 16

1)

894

(75

0 ndash

941

)9

74(8

98

ndash 10

3)

151

(14

7 ndash

158

)26

0(2

44

ndash 30

4)

311

(28

1 ndash

395

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

139

(13

3 ndash

145

)6

70(6

12

ndash 7

50)

768

(67

2 ndash

827

)13

5(1

29

ndash 14

2)

287

(24

6 ndash

334

)37

1(3

18

ndash 42

5)

865

Fem

ales

134

(12

8 ndash

140

)6

66(5

98

ndash 7

01)

748

(68

3 ndash

784

)13

0(1

26

ndash 13

6)

249

(23

2 ndash

266

)30

1(2

61

ndash 35

3)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s15

4(1

44

ndash 16

5)

686

dagger(6

00

ndash 8

62)

865

(63

3 ndash

925

)14

7(1

37

ndash 16

4)

331

(27

9 ndash

408

)38

7dagger

(33

2 ndash

459

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks11

7(1

10

ndash 12

4)

611

dagger(5

11

ndash 6

37)

639

(60

8 ndash

685

)11

1(1

02

ndash 12

1)

234

(21

3 ndash

281

)29

4dagger

(25

1 ndash

513

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

136

(13

1 ndash

142

)6

83(5

83

ndash 7

46)

763

(67

0 ndash

815

)13

4(1

29

ndash 13

8)

249

(23

5 ndash

301

)31

7(2

65

ndash 39

3)

989

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 5

10

15

20

25

Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

25


Figure 224a Plasma eicosenoic acid (201nndash9) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 5

1015

2025

0

5 10

1520


Females Males







Table 224a2 Plasma eicosenoic acid (201n-9) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 224a3 Plasma eicosenoic acid (201n-9) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 224a4 Plasma eicosenoic acid (201n-9) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 224a5 Plasma eicosenoic acid (201n-9) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

25a

1 P

lasm

a do

cose

noic

aci

d (2

21n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

344

(29

7 ndash

399

)lt

LOD

712

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

25)

362

(33

0 ndash

407

)10

3(9

50

ndash 12

2)

136

(11

8 ndash

166

)1

604

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s3

36(2

75

ndash 4

11)

lt LO

D6

12(lt

LO

D ndash

13

8)3

46(3

10

ndash 4

06)

116

(93

2 ndash

167

)14

7(1

24

ndash 20

1)

533

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

339

(28

9 ndash

397

)3

10(lt

LO

D ndash

677

)7

29(lt

LO

D ndash

11

5)3

51(3

16

ndash 4

23)

945

(86

2 ndash

134

)12

6(1

08

ndash 16

6)

454

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

67(3

18

ndash 4

24)

421

(lt L

OD

ndash 8

90)

831

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

46)

393

(35

5 ndash

447

)9

69(8

60

ndash 10

9)

112

(97

4 ndash

155

)61

7G

ende

rM

ales

334

(28

5 ndash

392

)lt

LOD

620

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

11)

354

(32

4 ndash

404

)10

1(9

39

ndash 11

9)

129

(10

9 ndash

140

)76

7Fe

mal

es3

54(3

04

ndash 4

12)

334

(lt L

OD

ndash 9

36)

941

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

41)

366

(33

3 ndash

423

)11

0(8

65

ndash 14

7)

147

(11

9 ndash

177

)83

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

338

(28

3 ndash

403

)lt

LOD

dagger6

92(lt

LO

D ndash

14

6)3

69(3

32

ndash 4

29)

105

(74

0 ndash

230

)13

3dagger

(87

8 ndash

238

)34

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

81(3

39

ndash 4

29)

673

dagger(lt

LO

D ndash

14

7)1

43(lt

LO

D ndash

17

2)3

83(3

46

ndash 4

50)

108

(94

1 ndash

150

)13

4dagger

(11

0 ndash

201

)28

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

336

(27

9 ndash

405

)lt

LOD

613

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

15)

354

(31

6 ndash

423

)10

1(9

13

ndash 12

6)

136

(11

4 ndash

168

)86

3lt

LO

D m

eans

less

than

the

limit

of d

etec

tion

whi

ch m

ay v

ary

for s

ome

com

poun

ds b

y ye

ar S

ee A

ppen

dix

D fo

r LO

D

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 2

4 6

Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6


Figure 225a Plasma docosenoic acid (221nndash9) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

02

46

02

4


Females Males







Table 225a2 Plasma docosenoic acid (221n-9) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean (95 conf interval)


Males and FemalesTotal 20 years and older 344 (297 ndash 399) 138 (670 ndash 182) 362 (330 ndash 407) 815 (741 ndash 951) 160420ndash39 years 336 (275 ndash 411) 138 (lt LOD ndash 187) 346 (310 ndash 406) 864 (727 ndash 113) 53340ndash59 years 339 (289 ndash 397) 121 (624 ndash 179) 351 (316 ndash 423) 803 (704 ndash 944) 45460 years and older 367 (318 ndash 424) 155 (813 ndash 194) 393 (355 ndash 447) 786 (743 ndash 868) 617MalesTotal 20 years and older 334 (285 ndash 392) 122 (372 ndash 185) 354 (324 ndash 404) 837 (759 ndash 960) 76720ndash39 years 333 (263 ndash 420) 111 (lt LOD ndash 189) 338 (294 ndash 418) 918 (758 ndash 123) 24940ndash59 years 332 (285 ndash 386) 121 (324 ndash 187) 368 (316 ndash 439) 806 (679 ndash 960) 21960 years and older 342 (295 ndash 395) 133 (641 ndash 175) 365 (335 ndash 395) 793 (745 ndash 969) 299FemalesTotal 20 years and older 354 (304 ndash 412) 147 (937 ndash 184) 366 (333 ndash 423) 782 (724 ndash 941) 83720ndash39 years 340 (283 ndash 408) 144 (483 ndash 170) 358 (295 ndash 423) 758 (698 ndash 146) 28440ndash59 years 346 (285 ndash 419) 116 (666 ndash 176) 344 (303 ndash 443) 792 (718 ndash 115) 23560 years and older 389 (333 ndash 454) 177 (727 ndash 227) 425 (369 ndash 532) 769 (738 ndash 854) 318lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD

Table 225a3 Plasma docosenoic acid (221n-9) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004



Males and FemalesTotal 20 years and older 338 (283 ndash 403) 147 (698 ndash 186) 369 (332 ndash 429) 740 (631 ndash 123) 34520ndash39 years 370 (296 ndash 462) 158 (lt LOD ndash 235) 397 (354 ndash 450) 741 (618 ndash 162) 11740ndash59 years 297 (204 ndash 431) 120dagger (lt LOD ndash 185) 345 (209 ndash 469) 748dagger (526 ndash 122) 9160 years and older 304 (244 ndash 379) 148 (lt LOD ndash 190) 341 (289 ndash 383) 686 (567 ndash 120) 137MalesTotal 20 years and older 357 (284 ndash 449) 151 (lt LOD ndash 196) 393 (352 ndash 430) 815 (607 ndash 238) 17020ndash39 years 372 (268 ndash 516) 138dagger (lt LOD ndash 215) 400 (327 ndash 492) 788dagger (600 ndash 238) 5840ndash59 years 347 (250 ndash 481) 147dagger (lt LOD ndash 204) 382 (277 ndash 466) 818dagger (528 ndash 115) 4760 years and older 300 (175 ndash 514) 147dagger (lt LOD ndash 217) 341 (176 ndash 576) 710dagger (504 ndash 131) 65FemalesTotal 20 years and older 316 (254 ndash 392) 143 (lt LOD ndash 187) 355 (285 ndash 470) 683 (585 ndash 788) 17520ndash39 years 367 (303 ndash 443) 168dagger (lt LOD ndash 249) 376 (330 ndash 488) 710dagger (569 ndash 182) 5940ndash59 years 248 (154 ndash 398) 740dagger (lt LOD ndash 171) 287 (188 ndash 431) 629dagger (479 ndash 122) 4460 years and older 308 (253 ndash 375) 148dagger (lt LOD ndash 210) 339 (265 ndash 384) 646dagger (482 ndash 108) 72lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Table 225a4 Plasma docosenoic acid (221n-9) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004



Males and FemalesTotal 20 years and older 381 (339 ndash 429) 176 (712 ndash 222) 383 (346 ndash 450) 837 (702 ndash 134) 28020ndash39 years 352 (285 ndash 434) 168 (lt LOD ndash 211) 354 (315 ndash 417) 810 (561 ndash 234) 11640ndash59 years 404 (353 ndash 464) 164dagger (lt LOD ndash 246) 452 (373 ndash 502) 815dagger (720 ndash 116) 8260 years and older 428 (365 ndash 501) 224dagger (542 ndash 255) 419 (330 ndash 558) 849dagger (712 ndash 190) 82MalesTotal 20 years and older 366 (311 ndash 430) 182 (lt LOD ndash 226) 363 (308 ndash 453) 958 (705 ndash 134) 13020ndash39 years 331 (246 ndash 444) 150dagger (lt LOD ndash 227) 328 (235 ndash 453) 750dagger (546 ndash 238) 5440ndash59 years 395 (314 ndash 496) 176dagger (lt LOD ndash 260) 400 (307 ndash 503) 973dagger (686 ndash 146) 3560 years and older 434 (373 ndash 505) 186dagger (lt LOD ndash 252) 387 (328 ndash 641) 945dagger (802 ndash 190) 41FemalesTotal 20 years and older 394 (340 ndash 456) 175 (128 ndash 216) 414 (339 ndash 492) 810 (684 ndash 162) 15020ndash39 years 370 (287 ndash 477) 168dagger (lt LOD ndash 225) 357 (318 ndash 443) 827dagger (530 ndash 197) 6240ndash59 years 412 (348 ndash 489) 157dagger (381 ndash 246) 486 (340 ndash 624) 808dagger (693 ndash 119) 4760 years and older 424 (322 ndash 558) 230dagger (177 ndash 261) 423 (258 ndash 659) 756dagger (637 ndash 118) 41lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size

Table 225a5 Plasma docosenoic acid (221n-9) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004



Males and FemalesTotal 20 years and older 336 (279 ndash 405) 118 (420 ndash 178) 354 (316 ndash 423) 812 (740 ndash 959) 86320ndash39 years 321 (241 ndash 427) 109 (lt LOD ndash 187) 337 (271 ndash 430) 851 (727 ndash 119) 25540ndash59 years 333 (277 ndash 401) 111 (402 ndash 171) 344 (298 ndash 449) 810 (696 ndash 110) 24260 years and older 363 (307 ndash 429) 149 (647 ndash 190) 393 (352 ndash 455) 777 (744 ndash 850) 366MalesTotal 20 years and older 321 (264 ndash 391) 109 (lt LOD ndash 185) 348 (305 ndash 420) 814 (722 ndash 956) 41220ndash39 years 310 (219 ndash 439) 749dagger (lt LOD ndash 186) 320 (256 ndash 488) 897dagger (737 ndash 128) 11040ndash59 years 321 (269 ndash 382) 108 (lt LOD ndash 191) 352 (301 ndash 438) 762 (591 ndash 968) 12260 years and older 338 (285 ndash 402) 137 (534 ndash 182) 363 (333 ndash 415) 779 (698 ndash 924) 180FemalesTotal 20 years and older 351 (289 ndash 425) 136 (604 ndash 176) 366 (321 ndash 430) 792 (738 ndash 104) 45120ndash39 years 331 (257 ndash 424) 137 (lt LOD ndash 189) 361 (273 ndash 430) 762 (664 ndash 169) 14540ndash59 years 346 (274 ndash 436) 109 (381 ndash 171) 343 (289 ndash 500) 843 (734 ndash 139) 12060 years and older 385 (320 ndash 463) 154 (484 ndash 218) 422 (361 ndash 548) 771 (739 ndash 861) 186lt LOD means less than the limit of detection which may vary for some compounds by year See Appendix D for LOD dagger Estimate is subject to greater uncertainty due to small cell size


Tabl

e 2

26a

1 P

lasm

a ne

rvon

ic a

cid

(24

1n-9

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

749

(72

4 ndash

774

)45

6(4

29

ndash 47

8)

498

(45

9 ndash

520

)75

0(7

20

ndash 77

7)

116

(112

ndash 1

21)

126

(122

ndash 1

34)

169

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

722

(68

7 ndash

758

)44

5(4

01

ndash 45

9)

478

(44

5 ndash

516

)72

1(6

78

ndash 77

2)

109

(103

ndash 1

15)

118

(112

ndash 1

26)

573

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

743

(71

5 ndash

771

)46

4(3

49

ndash 50

4)

512

(46

2 ndash

532

)74

1(7

14

ndash 77

6)

109

(105

ndash 1

21)

123

(113

ndash 1

40)

492

60 y

ears

and

old

er81

0(7

77

ndash 84

6)

441

(41

8 ndash

499

)50

7(4

46

ndash 53

2)

799

(77

2 ndash

848

)12

8(1

21 ndash

138

)13

7(1

29 ndash

161

)63

1G

ende

rM

ales

720

(69

5 ndash

745

)44

3(4

03

ndash 45

9)

470

(44

5 ndash

509

)71

9(6

98

ndash 74

4)

109

(105

ndash 1

14)

118

(113

ndash 1

27)

816

Fem

ales

777

(74

8 ndash

807

)47

9(4

46

ndash 50

0)

516

(47

0 ndash

553

)77

6(7

43

ndash 80

0)

121

(116

ndash 1

26)

131

(124

ndash 1

41)

880

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s74

4(7

10

ndash 78

0)

464

dagger(3

26

ndash 52

8)

514

(43

8 ndash

543

)76

0(7

11

ndash 77

9)

108

(101

ndash 1

21)

115dagger

(108

ndash 1

57)

373

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

773

(72

1 ndash

828

)44

4dagger

(23

7 ndash

492

)49

3(3

89

ndash 53

8)

775

(72

6 ndash

818

)12

3(1

15 ndash

131

)12

9dagger(1

24 ndash

161

)28

8N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

741

(71

3 ndash

770

)45

0(4

25

ndash 46

4)

492

(45

4 ndash

518

)74

0(7

10

ndash 77

4)

117

(111

ndash 1

22)

127

(122

ndash 1

35)

914

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 50

10

0 15

0

Plas

ma

nerv

onic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males


Figure 226a Plasma nervonic acid (241nndash9) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

nerv

onic

aci

dPl

asm

a ne

rvon

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 0

50

100


Females Males







Table 226a2 Plasma nervonic acid (241n-9) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 226a3 Plasma nervonic acid (241n-9) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 226a4 Plasma nervonic acid (241n-9) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 226a5 Plasma nervonic acid (241n-9) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

27a

1 P

lasm

a lin

olei

c ac

id (1

82n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

345

0(3

390

ndash 3

510

)2

210

(20

70 ndash

23

00)

237

0(2

310

ndash 2

450

)3

430

(33

70 ndash

35

20)

498

0(4

810

ndash 5

190

)5

410

(51

40 ndash

58

40)

180

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

334

0(3

260

ndash 3

410

)2

150

(18

30 ndash

22

90)

234

0(2

200

ndash 2

460

)3

310

(32

40 ndash

33

70)

481

0(4

630

ndash 5

230

)5

250

(49

10 ndash

62

60)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

352

0(3

440

ndash 3

600

)2

230

(17

40 ndash

23

60)

242

0(2

250

ndash 2

570

)3

500

(34

10 ndash

36

20)

506

0(4

830

ndash 5

610

)5

550

(51

10 ndash

58

80)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

520

(34

30 ndash

36

00)

225

0(1

960

ndash 2

320

)2

360

(22

80 ndash

24

90)

357

0(3

480

ndash 3

640

)5

090

(48

70 ndash

52

20)

544

0(5

160

ndash 5

890

)68

1G

ende

rM

ales

338

0(3

300

ndash 3

470

)2

240

(21

20 ndash

23

10)

234

0(2

310

ndash 2

410

)3

360

(32

40 ndash

34

50)

490

0(4

640

ndash 5

360

)5

240

(50

90 ndash

58

10)

863

Fem

ales

350

0(3

430

ndash 3

580

)2

170

(19

10 ndash

23

40)

242

0(2

300

ndash 2

540

)3

530

(34

50 ndash

36

00)

504

0(4

880

ndash 5

280

)5

500

(51

00 ndash

59

00)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s3

730

(35

70 ndash

39

00)

232

0dagger(1

840

ndash 2

480

)2

490

(23

30 ndash

26

10)

366

0(3

510

ndash 3

900

)5

800

(52

70 ndash

65

70)

632

0dagger(5

810

ndash 7

000

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

210

(30

90 ndash

33

40)

214

0dagger(1

850

ndash 2

200

)2

250

(21

10 ndash

23

60)

313

0(3

030

ndash 3

230

)4

610

(44

60 ndash

48

10)

496

0dagger(4

640

ndash 8

680

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

344

0(3

370

ndash 3

510

)2

210

(20

20 ndash

23

00)

236

0(2

270

ndash 2

500

)3

440

(33

60 ndash

35

40)

495

0(4

800

ndash 5

080

)5

190

(50

50 ndash

57

80)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

00

4000

60

00

Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6000


Figure 227a Plasma linoleic acid (182nndash6) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 20

00

4000

60

00

0 20

00

4000


Females Males







Table 227a2 Plasma linoleic acid (182n-6) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 227a3 Plasma linoleic acid (182n-6) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 227a4 Plasma linoleic acid (182n-6) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 227a5 Plasma linoleic acid (182n-6) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

28a

1 P

lasm

a al

pha-

linol

enic

aci

d (1

83n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

631

(60

5 ndash

658

)25

2(2

14

ndash 27

5)

300

(26

0 ndash

331

)61

4(5

89

ndash 63

7)

137

(128

ndash 1

51)

165

(153

ndash 1

92)

180

1A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

581

(55

8 ndash

606

)24

9(1

99

ndash 26

6)

273

(25

2 ndash

303

)57

5(5

52

ndash 59

9)

127

(117

ndash 1

50)

159

(137

ndash 2

21)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

650

(60

7 ndash

696

)25

1(1

43

ndash 30

3)

308

(22

7 ndash

356

)61

2(5

82

ndash 66

9)

134

(127

ndash 1

62)

174

(157

ndash 2

03)

513

60 y

ears

and

old

er69

0(6

52

ndash 73

0)

293

(20

8 ndash

332

)33

5(2

84

ndash 36

4)

683

(64

9 ndash

723

)14

3(1

38 ndash

154

)15

9(1

47 ndash

234

)67

8G

ende

rM

ales

621

(58

8 ndash

655

)23

0(1

70

ndash 26

2)

276

(22

4 ndash

317

)59

9(5

73

ndash 64

2)

142

(128

ndash 1

72)

173

(155

ndash 2

10)

859

Fem

ales

641

(61

1 ndash

672

)27

2(2

36

ndash 30

6)

328

(27

5 ndash

347

)62

4(5

99

ndash 65

5)

131

(123

ndash 1

50)

158

(146

ndash 1

84)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s69

0(6

38

ndash 74

5)

239

dagger(2

01

ndash 30

7)

318

(24

3 ndash

361

)66

2(5

96

ndash 73

9)

160

(135

ndash 2

46)

199dagger

(159

ndash 4

21)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

538

(50

4 ndash

574

)24

5dagger

(13

3 ndash

288

)28

8(2

37

ndash 30

8)

505

(48

2 ndash

531

)11

5(1

07 ndash

147

)14

9dagger(1

21 ndash

362

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

633

(59

9 ndash

668

)25

2(2

00

ndash 27

5)

295

(25

8 ndash

330

)62

3(5

89

ndash 65

7)

133

(124

ndash 1

53)

157

(143

ndash 1

93)

986

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 50

10

0 15

0

Plas

ma

alph

aminuslin

olen

icac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

150


Figure 228a Plasma alphaminuslinolenic acid (183nndash3) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

alph

aminuslin

olen

icPl

asm

a al

phaminus

linol

enic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 0

50

100


Females Males







Table 228a2 Plasma alpha-linolenic acid (183n-3) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)

Selected percentiles (95 conf interval) Samplesize10th 50th 90th


Table 228a3 Plasma alpha-linolenic acid (183n-3) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 228a4 Plasma alpha-linolenic acid (183n-3) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 228a5 Plasma alpha-linolenic acid (183n-3) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

29a

1 P

lasm

a ga

mm

a-lin

olen

ic a

cid

(18

3n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

469

(45

0 ndash

490

)17

1(1

37

ndash 19

1)

202

(19

0 ndash

220

)49

0(4

64

ndash 51

5)

100

(94

2 ndash

106)

117

(107

ndash 1

27)

179

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

417

(39

4 ndash

441

)15

0(1

26

ndash 17

7)

193

(15

1 ndash

212

)41

9(3

87

ndash 46

5)

851

(79

1 ndash

105)

998

(86

2 ndash

140)

603

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

510

(48

4 ndash

538

)18

4(1

50

ndash 19

4)

204

(18

3 ndash

240

)53

3(5

01

ndash 56

4)

108

(96

5 ndash

118)

121

(113

ndash 1

29)

513

60 y

ears

and

old

er49

6(4

59

ndash 53

6)

183

(14

4 ndash

203

)22

0(2

03

ndash 23

6)

512

(46

1 ndash

570

)10

2(9

74

ndash 11

9)11

5(1

04 ndash

142

)67

9G

ende

rM

ales

480

(45

5 ndash

506

)17

1(1

31

ndash 20

3)

220

(18

7 ndash

235

)50

0(4

80

ndash 52

4)

992

(90

5 ndash

120)

120

(105

ndash 1

29)

855

Fem

ales

460

(43

7 ndash

484

)16

8(1

28

ndash 19

1)

195

(17

0 ndash

216

)47

2(4

40

ndash 50

6)

100

(92

8 ndash

106)

110

(106

ndash 1

28)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s41

8(3

81

ndash 45

8)

126

dagger(6

25

ndash 15

0)

151

(99

0 ndash

186

)43

1(3

84

ndash 49

9)

940

(89

7 ndash

115)

116dagger

(96

3 ndash

132)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

425

(40

4 ndash

447

)16

5dagger

(14

9 ndash

183

)20

6(1

58

ndash 23

1)

428

(40

0 ndash

464

)84

1(7

67

ndash 11

2)10

5dagger(8

67

ndash 13

8)30

9N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

488

(46

1 ndash

516

)19

2(1

39

ndash 21

3)

221

(19

7 ndash

238

)50

5(4

75

ndash 53

2)

101

(93

4 ndash

108)

117

(105

ndash 1

28)

981

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icacid (μ

molL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

Figure 229a Plasma gammaminuslinolenic acid (183nndash6) Concentrations by age group

Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icPlasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icacid (μ

molL)

acid (μ

molL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

80



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)




Table 229a2 Plasma gamma-linolenic acid (183n-6) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 229a3 Plasma gamma-linolenic acid (183n-6) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 229a4 Plasma gamma-linolenic acid (183n-6) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 229a5 Plasma gamma-linolenic acid (183n-6) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

30a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cosa

dien

oic

acid

(20

2n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

212

(20

7 ndash

218

)11

2(1

05

ndash 11

6)

124

(11

9 ndash

128

)20

9(2

03

ndash 21

6)

369

(35

1 ndash

399

)42

2(3

99

ndash 47

3)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

202

(19

5 ndash

209

)10

4(9

44

ndash 11

0)

113

(10

7 ndash

120

)19

4(1

86

ndash 20

3)

385

(35

8 ndash

432

)43

9(4

07

ndash 50

1)

607

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

215

(20

6 ndash

223

)11

7(1

03

ndash 12

2)

128

(11

8 ndash

137

)21

2(2

03

ndash 22

4)

354

(33

9 ndash

403

)42

0(3

81

ndash 47

5)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er22

8(2

21

ndash 23

5)

129

(10

6 ndash

140

)14

3(1

31

ndash 15

3)

231

(22

3 ndash

236

)35

4(3

37

ndash 37

4)

386

(36

6 ndash

466

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

204

(19

7 ndash

212

)11

4(1

06

ndash 11

9)

126

(11

8 ndash

130

)20

2(1

93

ndash 21

1)

329

(31

3 ndash

371

)40

0(3

51

ndash 44

9)

865

Fem

ales

220

(21

3 ndash

227

)11

0(1

04

ndash 11

4)

122

(11

4 ndash

130

)21

7(2

10

ndash 22

3)

385

(36

4 ndash

438

)46

5(4

09

ndash 49

6)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s25

2(2

35

ndash 27

1)

114

dagger(8

60

ndash 13

3)

133

(11

3 ndash

144

)24

9(2

28

ndash 26

6)

495

(43

2 ndash

693

)55

0dagger

(49

5 ndash

121)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

192

(18

3 ndash

201

)10

8dagger

(90

0 ndash

112

)11

4(1

05

ndash 12

5)

190

(18

1 ndash

197

)33

5(2

84

ndash 40

5)

363

dagger(3

46

ndash 51

6)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s20

9(2

03

ndash 21

5)

112

(98

3 ndash

118

)12

3(1

17

ndash 12

9)

207

(20

1 ndash

214

)35

0(3

35

ndash 38

1)

407

(36

9 ndash

465

)99

0dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

eico

sadi

enoi

cac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

40


Figure 230a Plasma eicosadienoic acid (202nndash6) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

eico

sadi

enoi

cPl

asm

a ei

cosa

dien

oic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30


Females Males







Table 230a2 Plasma eicosadienoic acid (202n-6) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004




Table 230a3 Plasma eicosadienoic acid (202n-6) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004





Table 230a4 Plasma eicosadienoic acid (202n-6) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004




Table 230a5 Plasma eicosadienoic acid (202n-6) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

31a

1 P

lasm

a ho

mo-

gam

ma-

linol

enic

aci

d (2

03n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

151

(147

ndash 1

56)

732

(67

9 ndash

796

)87

5(8

46

ndash 89

9)

151

(145

ndash 1

56)

262

(254

ndash 2

74)

289

(281

ndash 3

20)

180

6

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s14

5(1

40 ndash

149

)71

5(5

77

ndash 78

3)

849

(75

9 ndash

913

)13

9(1

35 ndash

146

)25

1(2

39 ndash

276

)28

1(2

62 ndash

317

)60

940

ndash59

year

s15

5(1

47 ndash

163

)72

0(6

77

ndash 86

3)

883

(83

1 ndash

940

)15

6(1

47 ndash

164

)26

5(2

58 ndash

286

)31

2(2

84 ndash

337

)51

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

156

(148

ndash 1

64)

770

(62

8 ndash

840

)86

6(7

77

ndash 92

8)

158

(148

ndash 1

67)

262

(254

ndash 2

85)

288

(275

ndash 3

57)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es14

5(1

39 ndash

153

)72

8(6

22

ndash 76

4)

861

(76

4 ndash

900

)14

4(1

35 ndash

153

)25

2(2

37 ndash

277

)28

1(2

60 ndash

373

)86

4Fe

mal

es15

7(1

52 ndash

162

)72

9(6

79

ndash 84

9)

885

(84

7 ndash

930

)15

6(1

50 ndash

163

)27

2(2

61 ndash

287

)30

4(2

87 ndash

321

)94

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

166

(154

ndash 1

79)

822

dagger(5

89

ndash 89

6)

920

(77

8 ndash

101)

167

(153

ndash 1

80)

297

(260

ndash 3

63)

330dagger

(295

ndash 7

16)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

131

(128

ndash 1

35)

700

dagger(5

28

ndash 75

7)

767

(70

3 ndash

855

)13

1(1

27 ndash

136

)20

3(1

96 ndash

230

)22

3dagger(2

06 ndash

276

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

152

(146

ndash 1

59)

760

(67

7 ndash

846

)88

9(8

49

ndash 92

9)

152

(144

ndash 1

57)

261

(250

ndash 2

81)

287

(275

ndash 3

24)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

0 20

0 30

0

Plas

ma

hom

ominusga

mm

aminuslin

olen

icac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

Figure 231a Plasma homominusgammaminuslinolenic acid (203nndash6) Concentrations by age group


Plas

ma

hom

ominusga

mm

aminuslin

olen

icPl

asm

a ho

mominus

gam

maminus

linol

enic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 0

100

200

300 NonminusHispanic Blacks


Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)




Table 231a2 Plasma homo-gamma-linolenic acid (203n-6) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 231a3 Plasma homo-gamma-linolenic acid (203n-6) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 231a4 Plasma homo-gamma-linolenic acid (203n-6) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 231a5 Plasma homo-gamma-linolenic acid (203n-6) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

32a

1 P

lasm

a ar

achi

doni

c ac

id (2

04n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

776

(761

ndash 7

91)

445

(418

ndash 4

63)

484

(456

ndash 5

00)

789

(772

ndash 8

05)

118

0(1

150

ndash 1

230

)1

320

(12

40 ndash

14

20)

180

7

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s73

5(7

16 ndash

755

)42

9(3

86 ndash

455

)47

9(4

45 ndash

504

)73

7(7

13 ndash

761

)1

110

(10

50 ndash

12

30)

123

0(1

140

ndash 1

380

)61

040

ndash59

year

s79

3(7

72 ndash

814

)44

5(3

72 ndash

470

)48

0(4

50 ndash

496

)80

8(7

85 ndash

829

)1

220

(11

60 ndash

13

60)

138

0(1

260

ndash 1

560

)51

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

819

(798

ndash 8

41)

448

(421

ndash 4

80)

502

(460

ndash 5

35)

841

(814

ndash 8

68)

120

0(1

180

ndash 1

260

)1

430

(13

10 ndash

14

90)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es76

4(7

44 ndash

785

)45

2(4

24 ndash

473

)48

0(4

55 ndash

495

)78

0(7

56 ndash

806

)1

150

(10

90 ndash

12

20)

123

0(1

160

ndash 1

460

)86

4Fe

mal

es78

7(7

69 ndash

806

)42

9(3

86 ndash

465

)49

0(4

36 ndash

520

)79

2(7

69 ndash

821

)1

220

(11

80 ndash

13

00)

137

0(1

320

ndash 1

460

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

722

(678

ndash 7

68)

419dagger

(376

ndash 4

32)

440

(396

ndash 4

87)

726

(675

ndash 7

68)

111

0(1

040

ndash 1

310

)1

290dagger

(11

40 ndash

14

60)

376

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

884

(839

ndash 9

32)

526dagger

(226

ndash 5

72)

576

(493

ndash 6

11)

883

(831

ndash 9

41)

133

0(1

260

ndash 1

580

)1

520dagger

(13

60 ndash

17

70)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s77

3(7

52 ndash

795

)44

5(4

19 ndash

463

)48

5(4

46 ndash

511

)78

5(7

67 ndash

807

)1

160

(11

20 ndash

12

20)

126

0(1

190

ndash 1

480

)99

1dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

0 10

00

1500

Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

1500


Figure 232a Plasma arachidonic acid (204nndash6) Concentrations by age group Geometric mean (95 confidence interval) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

0 10

00

1500

0

500

1000


Females Males







Table 232a2 Plasma arachidonic acid (204n-6) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 232a3 Plasma arachidonic acid (204n-6) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 232a4 Plasma arachidonic acid (204n-6) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 232a5 Plasma arachidonic acid (204n-6) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

33a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cosa

pent

aeno

ic a

cid

(20

5n-3

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

421

(39

5 ndash

450

)14

8(1

18

ndash 16

1)

171

(15

7 ndash

186

)40

9(3

76

ndash 43

8)

113

(103

ndash 1

38)

151

(136

ndash 1

76)

180

6

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s35

9(3

38

ndash 38

1)

135

(91

0 ndash

149

)15

8(1

36

ndash 16

8)

342

(32

0 ndash

362

)10

6(8

43

ndash 13

7)13

4(1

10 ndash

193

)60

940

ndash59

year

s45

5(4

18

ndash 49

5)

171

(14

6 ndash

174

)19

0(1

71

ndash 20

8)

450

(41

0 ndash

483

)11

4(1

02 ndash

153

)15

6(1

34 ndash

200

)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

485

(43

3 ndash

544

)15

3(7

79

ndash 19

9)

200

(11

8 ndash

231

)49

4(4

35

ndash 53

8)

132

(111

ndash 1

62)

175

(139

ndash 2

07)

682

Gen

der

Mal

es43

1(3

98

ndash 46

6)

157

(11

2 ndash

169

)17

1(1

55

ndash 20

1)

414

(37

6 ndash

451

)12

1(1

03 ndash

150

)15

6(1

36 ndash

199

)86

3Fe

mal

es41

3(3

87

ndash 44

1)

141

(11

2 ndash

157

)16

9(1

52

ndash 18

3)

401

(37

5 ndash

431

)11

1(9

99

ndash 14

3)14

6(1

18 ndash

177

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

310

(28

7 ndash

335

)8

80dagger

(60

3 ndash

109

)10

9(7

53

ndash 15

3)

314

(28

4 ndash

354

)77

1(6

90

ndash 86

4)

865

dagger(7

91

ndash 98

9)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

388

(34

7 ndash

434

)14

9dagger

(10

8 ndash

161

)16

7(1

44

ndash 18

8)

361

(33

0 ndash

416

)11

3(9

53

ndash 16

9)14

1dagger(1

14 ndash

247

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

435

(39

8 ndash

477

)15

8(1

16

ndash 17

3)

181

(14

9 ndash

208

)42

6(3

81

ndash 46

0)

112

(101

ndash 1

42)

152

(133

ndash 1

77)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma eicosape

ntaeno

icacid (μ

molL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

Figure 233a Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (205nndash3) Concentrations by age group


Plasma eicosape

ntaeno

icPlasma eicosape

ntaeno

icacid (μ

molL)

acid (μ

molL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

80



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)




Table 233a2 Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (205n-3) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 233a3 Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (205n-3) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 233a4 Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (205n-3) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 233a5 Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (205n-3) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

34a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

tetr

aeno

ic a

cid

(22

4n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

250

(24

4 ndash

256

)12

1(1

04

ndash 13

1)

144

(13

3 ndash

149

)24

7(2

41

ndash 25

6)

430

(41

6 ndash

447

)47

7(4

54

ndash 53

5)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

244

(23

4 ndash

254

)12

2(1

04

ndash 13

8)

143

(13

1 ndash

150

)23

9(2

31

ndash 24

9)

411

(38

8 ndash

460

)47

1(4

28

ndash 58

0)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

255

(24

5 ndash

264

)11

2(9

62

ndash 12

9)

143

(12

0 ndash

154

)25

0(2

43

ndash 26

6)

445

(42

1 ndash

462

)50

0(4

50

ndash 63

4)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er25

3(2

46

ndash 26

0)

126

(93

4 ndash

144

)14

8(1

29

ndash 15

8)

257

(24

5 ndash

266

)42

2(3

96

ndash 45

3)

471

(44

7 ndash

495

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

253

(24

4 ndash

262

)11

8(9

72

ndash 13

1)

145

(13

5 ndash

149

)25

0(2

43

ndash 26

1)

424

(41

0 ndash

449

)46

8(4

46

ndash 58

2)

865

Fem

ales

247

(24

0 ndash

255

)12

2(9

93

ndash 13

9)

143

(13

0 ndash

151

)24

5(2

36

ndash 25

6)

437

(41

4 ndash

459

)48

0(4

48

ndash 56

3)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s27

5(2

56

ndash 29

5)

131

dagger(1

12

ndash 15

6)

158

(12

9 ndash

166

)27

4(2

51

ndash 29

6)

473

(45

9 ndash

533

)58

5dagger

(48

0 ndash

669

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks26

0(2

51

ndash 26

8)

134

dagger(9

11

ndash 15

0)

150

(13

2 ndash

167

)25

8(2

43

ndash 26

8)

450

(42

0 ndash

467

)50

4dagger

(46

1 ndash

729

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

248

(23

9 ndash

256

)12

1(1

00

ndash 13

5)

145

(13

0 ndash

151

)24

6(2

39

ndash 25

6)

419

(39

6 ndash

447

)47

2(4

45

ndash 56

1)

992

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

Figure 234a Plasma docosatetraenoic acid (224nndash6) Concentrations by age group


Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30

40



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)




Table 234a2 Plasma docosatetraenoic acid (224n-6) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 234a3 Plasma docosatetraenoic acid (224n-6) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 234a4 Plasma docosatetraenoic acid (224n-6) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 234a5 Plasma docosatetraenoic acid (224n-6) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

35a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

ic-3

aci

d (2

25n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

416

(40

2 ndash

431

)22

1(1

72

ndash 23

8)

245

(22

8 ndash

258

)41

4(4

00

ndash 42

8)

727

(69

7 ndash

767

)82

9(7

85

ndash 92

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

381

(37

1 ndash

390

)20

0(1

51

ndash 22

7)

232

(20

9 ndash

244

)38

0(3

68

ndash 39

3)

630

(58

0 ndash

733

)73

0(6

55

ndash 95

1)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

431

(41

1 ndash

453

)22

2(1

35

ndash 24

3)

249

(20

6 ndash

269

)43

2(4

06

ndash 46

0)

770

(72

6 ndash

810

)84

9(7

94

ndash 10

5)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

455

(42

3 ndash

488

)24

5(1

17

ndash 26

7)

265

(23

6 ndash

285

)45

7(4

28

ndash 49

1)

740

(70

7 ndash

819

)82

0(7

66

ndash 97

8)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es42

8(4

10

ndash 44

8)

242

(15

0 ndash

256

)26

2(2

47

ndash 27

1)

425

(40

6 ndash

441

)72

7(6

81

ndash 81

6)

872

(78

7 ndash

972

)86

5Fe

mal

es40

5(3

91

ndash 42

0)

205

(13

6 ndash

228

)23

1(2

07

ndash 24

5)

406

(38

8 ndash

420

)72

7(6

78

ndash 78

6)

804

(75

5 ndash

898

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

399

(37

2 ndash

429

)16

9dagger

(12

1 ndash

223

)22

4(1

41

ndash 25

0)

400

(36

4 ndash

441

)71

5(6

78

ndash 79

3)

809

dagger(7

25

ndash 11

2)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks38

9(3

68

ndash 41

0)

201

dagger(1

75

ndash 21

5)

223

(20

6 ndash

238

)38

1(3

62

ndash 40

0)

645

(62

0 ndash

801

)85

0dagger

(67

0 ndash

108)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s42

1(4

01

ndash 44

1)

228

(15

6 ndash

242

)24

7(2

25

ndash 26

7)

422

(40

4 ndash

438

)71

7(6

79

ndash 78

5)

812

(75

5 ndash

927

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 2

0 40

60

Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus3ac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

Figure 235a Plasma docosapentaenoicminus3 acid (225nndash3) Concentrations by age group


Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus3Pl

asm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

icminus3

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 2

0 40

60

0 2

0 40

60



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)




Table 235a2 Plasma docosapentaenoic-3 acid (225n-3) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 235a3 Plasma docosapentaenoic-3 acid (225n-3) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 235a4 Plasma docosapentaenoic-3 acid (225n-3) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 235a5 Plasma docosapentaenoic-3 acid (225n-3) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

36a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

ic-6

aci

d (2

25n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

196

(18

9 ndash

204

)8

56(7

60

ndash 9

46)

980

(93

0 ndash

105

)19

3(1

86

ndash 20

1)

390

(36

1 ndash

424

)46

5(4

29

ndash 52

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

195

(18

6 ndash

205

)9

15(8

17

ndash 9

51)

988

(92

5 ndash

111

)18

8(1

79

ndash 20

0)

414

(35

5 ndash

463

)47

8(4

51

ndash 54

4)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

194

(18

4 ndash

204

)8

37(4

40

ndash 9

67)

980

(77

9 ndash

111

)19

0(1

83

ndash 20

5)

360

(34

5 ndash

391

)41

6(3

72

ndash 50

8)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er20

3(1

95

ndash 21

2)

800

(58

8 ndash

884

)9

63(8

26

ndash 10

8)

205

(19

5 ndash

215

)41

4(3

79

ndash 48

4)

521

(46

8 ndash

580

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

186

(17

7 ndash

197

)8

11(6

96

ndash 9

23)

966

(88

3 ndash

104

)18

6(1

78

ndash 19

3)

346

(32

2 ndash

405

)42

8(3

86

ndash 45

2)

865

Fem

ales

206

(19

8 ndash

214

)8

92(7

74

ndash 9

55)

995

(93

0 ndash

112

)20

5(1

92

ndash 21

7)

419

(38

5 ndash

478

)50

6(4

64

ndash 59

0)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s23

5(2

10

ndash 26

2)

104

dagger(6

86

ndash 11

5)

116

(89

4 ndash

135

)22

8(1

97

ndash 27

1)

476

(44

2 ndash

560

)53

6dagger

(48

5 ndash

602

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks21

3(2

03

ndash 22

4)

927

dagger(5

89

ndash 10

3)

102

(93

5 ndash

116

)20

8(1

97

ndash 22

4)

430

(40

4 ndash

504

)50

6dagger

(45

0 ndash

632

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

191

(18

3 ndash

199

)8

15(7

49

ndash 9

20)

967

(85

2 ndash

106

)18

9(1

83

ndash 19

8)

360

(34

0 ndash

409

)45

2(4

07

ndash 51

4)

992

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus6ac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus6Pl

asm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

icminus6

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30

40



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

37a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

hexa

enoi

c ac

id (2

26n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

125

(118

ndash 1

33)

549

(52

4 ndash

578

)61

1(5

62

ndash 65

2)

121

(114

ndash 1

28)

277

(248

ndash 3

10)

323

(302

ndash 3

72)

180

8

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s11

5(1

08 ndash

122

)54

3(4

55

ndash 57

3)

581

(53

6 ndash

625

)11

1(1

02 ndash

119

)25

4(2

28 ndash

316

)31

6(2

75 ndash

484

)61

040

ndash59

year

s12

5(1

15 ndash

136

)54

1(5

02

ndash 58

3)

606

(53

8 ndash

656

)12

1(1

11 ndash

136

)27

2(2

37 ndash

303

)30

5(2

90 ndash

400

)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

145

(135

ndash 1

56)

645

(54

8 ndash

704

)73

5(5

62

ndash 81

9)

142

(132

ndash 1

54)

305

(268

ndash 3

58)

373

(330

ndash 3

98)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es11

7(1

10 ndash

125

)53

9(4

93

ndash 55

7)

579

(54

0 ndash

624

)11

4(1

07 ndash

123

)25

3(2

29 ndash

299

)30

3(2

77 ndash

368

)86

5Fe

mal

es13

3(1

25 ndash

141

)57

8(4

83

ndash 63

0)

652

(56

1 ndash

720

)12

7(1

21 ndash

135

)29

3(2

58 ndash

323

)33

7(3

15 ndash

385

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

111

(105

ndash 1

19)

544

dagger(4

64

ndash 58

0)

588

(55

2 ndash

602

)11

1(9

98

ndash 12

3)21

1(1

91 ndash

251

)25

0dagger(2

18 ndash

342

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks14

0(1

24 ndash

157

)64

9dagger

(47

5 ndash

724

)72

5(5

94

ndash 80

3)

133

(118

ndash 1

52)

304

(254

ndash 4

25)

348dagger

(321

ndash 4

16)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s12

2(1

13 ndash

130

)54

7(5

13

ndash 56

2)

595

(55

0 ndash

646

)11

7(1

10 ndash

127

)25

9(2

41 ndash

294

)31

5(2

83 ndash

375

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e

2931 Water-Soluble Vitamins


0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 25

0

Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

Figure 237a Plasma docosahexaenoic acid (226nndash3) Concentrations by age group


Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 25

0 0

50

100

150

200



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)


2932 Fat-Soluble Vitamins amp Nutrients


Table 237a2 Plasma docosahexaenoic acid (226n-3) Total populationGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for the fasted US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 237a3 Plasma docosahexaenoic acid (226n-3) Mexican AmericansGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted Mexican Americans in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Table 237a4 Plasma docosahexaenoic acid (226n-3) Non-Hispanic blacksGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic blacks in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



Table 237a5 Plasma docosahexaenoic acid (226n-3) Non-Hispanic whitesGeometric mean and selected percentiles of plasma concentrations (in micromolL) for fasted non-Hispanic whites in the US population aged 20 years and older National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003ndash2004

Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




ReferencesAstrupADyerbergJElwoodPHermansenKHuFBJakobsenMUetalTheroleofreducingintakesofsaturatedfatinthepreventionofcardiovasculardiseasewheredoestheevidencestandin2010AmJClinNutr201193684ndash688

CleemanJIGrundySMBeckerDClarkLTCooperRSDenkeMAetalExecutivesummaryoftheThirdReportoftheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram(NCEP)expertpanelondetectionevaluationandtreatmentofhighbloodcholesterolinadults(AdultTreatmentPanelIII)JAMA2001285(19)2486ndash2497

HarrisWSMozaffarianDRimmEKris-EthertonPRudelLLAppelLJetalOmega-6fattyacidsandriskforcardiovasculardiseaseascienceadvisoryfromtheAmericanHeartAssociationNutritionSubcommitteeoftheCouncilonNutritionPhysicalActivityandMetabolismCouncilonCardiovascularNursingandCouncilonEpidemiologyandPreventionCirculation2009119902ndash907

HodsonLSkeaffCMFieldingBAFattyacidcompositionofadiposetissueandbloodinhumansanditsuseasabiomarkerofdietaryintakeProgressinLipidResearch200847348ndash80

HuFBArerefinedcarbohydratesworsethansaturatedfatAmJClinNutr2010911541-2

InstituteofMedicineFoodandNutritionBoardDietaryreferenceintakesforenergycarbohydratefiberfatfattyacidscholesterolproteinandaminoacidsWashingtonDCNationalAcademyPress2005

InternationalLifeSciencesInstitute8theditionPresentKnowledgeinNutritionWashingtonDCILSIPress2001

JakobsenMUOrsquoReillyEJHeitmannBLPereiraMABaumllterKFraserGEetalMajortypesofdietaryfatandriskofcoronaryheartdiseaseapooledanalysisof11cohortstudiesAmJClinNutr2009891425ndash1432

JakobsenMUDethlefsenCJoensenAMSteggerJTjonnelandASchmidtEBOvervadKIntakeofcarbohydratescomparedwithintakeofsaturatedfattyacidsandriskofmyocardialinfarctionimportanceoftheglycemicindexAmJClinNutr2010911764ndash1768

Kris-EthertonPMHarrisWSAppelLJfortheNutritionCommitteeFishconsumptionfishoilomega-3fattyacidsandcardiovasculardiseaseCirculation20021062747ndash2757

LagerstedtSAHinrichsDRBattSMMageraMJRinaldoPMcConnellJPQuantitativedeterminationofplasmaC8-C26totalfattyacidsforthebiochemicaldiagnosisofnutritionalandmetabolicdisordersMolGenetMetab20017338ndash45

LichtensteinAHFatsandoilsInBenjaminCedEncyclopediaofHumanNutritionOxfordElsevier2005pp177ndash186

MichaRMozaffarianDSaturatedfatandcardiometabolicriskfactorscoronaryheartdiseasestrokeanddiabetesafreshlookattheevidenceLipids201045893ndash905

SunQMaJCamposHHankinsonSEHuFBComparisonbetweenplasmaanderythrocytefattyacidcontentasbiomarkersoffattyacidintakeinUSwomenAmJClinNutr20078674ndash81


USNationalInstitutesofHealthNationalCancerInstituteSourcesofSaturatedFatStearicAcidampCholesterolRaisingFatamongtheUSPopulation2005ndash06RiskFactorMonitoringandMethodsBranchWebsiteAppliedResearchProgramUpdatedDecember212010aAvailableathttpriskfactorcancergovdietfoodsourcessat_fat

USNationalInstitutesofHealthNationalCancerInstituteSourcesofSelectedFattyAcidsamongtheUSPopulation2005ndash06RiskFactorMonitoringandMethodsBranchWebsiteAppliedResearchProgramUpdatedDecember212010bAvailableathttpriskfactorcancergovdietfoodsourcesfatty_acids

ZelmanKThegreatfatdebateAcloserlookatthecontroversy-Questioningthevalidityofage-olddietaryguidanceJAmDietAssoc2011111(5)655ndash658


Vitamins A E and CarotenoidsBackground InformationSources and Physiological Functions VitaminsA(retinol)andE(alpha-tocopherol)andthecarotenoidsarefat-solublemicronutrientsfoundinmanyfoodsincludingsomevegetablesfruitsmeatsandanimalproductsFish-liveroilslivereggyolksbutterandcreamareknownfortheirhighercontentofvitaminANutsandseedsareparticularlyrichsourcesofvitaminE(Thomas2006)Atleast700carotenoidsmdashfat-solubleredandyellowpigmentsmdasharefoundinnature(Britton2004)Americansconsume40ndash50ofthesecarotenoidsprimarilyinfruitsandvegetables(Khachik1992)andsmalleramountsinpoultryproductsincludingeggyolksaswellasinseafoods(Boylston2007)Eightdifferentcarotenoidsareeasilymeasuredinhumanserumalpha-carotenecis-andtrans-beta-carotenebeta-cryptoxanthinluteincis-andtrans-lycopeneandzeaxanthinMainsourcesofcarotenesareorange-coloredfruitsandvegetablessuchascarrotspumpkinsandmangosLuteinandzeaxanthinarealsofoundindarkgreenleafyvegetableswhereanyorangecoloringisovershadowedbychlorophyllTrans-lycopeneisobtainedprimarilyfromtomatoesandtomatoproductsandsomefruitsForinformationonthecarotenoidcontentofUSfoodsseethe1998carotenoiddatabasecreatedbytheUSDepartmentofAgricultureandtheNutritionCoordinatingCenterattheUniversityofMinnesota(httpwwwnalusdagovfnicfoodcompDatacar98car98html)

VitaminAfoundinfoodsthatcomefromanimalsourcesiscalledpreformedvitaminASomecarotenoidsfoundincolorfulfruitsandvegetablesarecalledprovitaminAbecausetheyaremetabolizedinthebodytovitaminAAmongthecarotenoidsbeta-carotenearetinoldimerconsistingoftwolinkedretinolmoleculeshasthemostsignificantprovitaminAactivityApproximately12micrograms(microg)ofdietarybeta-carotenecanprovidetheequivalentof1microgofretinolOtherprovitaminAcarotenoidssuchasalpha-caroteneandbeta-cryptoxanthinarehalfasactiveasbeta-carotene(InstituteofMedicine2000)ThebioconversionofcarotenoidstovitaminAishighlyvariablefrompersontoperson(Krinsky2005)RetinylestersserveasthestorageformofvitaminAandaremostlyconcentratedintheliver

Theabsorptionoffat-solublemicronutrientsfromthegastrointestinaltractdependsonprocessesresponsibleforfatabsorptionormetabolismThuspeoplewithconditionsresultinginfatmalabsorption(egceliacdiseaseCrohnrsquosdiseasepancreaticdisorders)candevelopvitaminAdeficiencyovertimeVitaminAalsohasinteractionswithothernutrientsIronandzincdeficiencycanaffectvitaminAmetabolismandtransportofvitaminAstoresfromthelivertobodytissues(InstituteofMedicine2001)Theabsorptionofcarotenoidsfromfoodsishighlydependentoncookingtechniquesthatbreakdownplantcellwallsandreleasecarotenoidsitisalsodependentontheavailabilityofdietaryfattoenhancecarotenoiduptake(Krinsky2005)TheliverregulatestheconcentrationofvitaminAinthecirculationbyreleasingstoredretinylestersasneededonlywhenliverreservesarenearlyexhausteddoesserumvitaminAfallintothedeficientrange(Napoli2006)ThevariationinserumcarotenoidconcentrationsamongpeopleintheUnitedStatesisrelativelylargeprimarilyreflectingwide-rangingdifferencesindietaryintake(Lacher2005)

VitaminEactivityisderivedfromatleasteightnaturallyoccurringtocopherolsthemostpotentofwhichisalpha-tocopherolOtherlessactiveformsofvitaminEareplentifulintheUSdietwithgamma-tocopherolbeingthepredominantformThemostcommonlyconsumedsourcesofalpha-tocopherolinthedietofAmericanadultsaremixedfoods(spaghettisaucepizzaandchili)friedpotatoessaladdressingsandbakerygoods(Ahuja2004)Otherimportantsourcesare

































a a a a a

a b b b

b

b

b c c

b b

b

c

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Total population


Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

1988-1994 1999-2002 2005-2006

















Tabl

e 2

1a

1 S

erum

vit

amin

A C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

547

(53

8 ndash

556

)29

6(2

87

ndash 30

5)

325

(31

8 ndash

332

)55

2(5

42

ndash 56

1)

878

(85

6 ndash

905

)96

7(9

31

ndash 10

1)7

254

Age

gro

up6ndash

11 y

ears

364

(35

6 ndash

372

)22

8(1

99

ndash 24

8)

256

(24

3 ndash

269

)36

6(3

59

ndash 37

3)

524

(49

1 ndash

543

)54

4(5

33

ndash 57

3)

860

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

465

(45

4 ndash

477

)28

9(2

86

ndash 29

6)

320

(30

6 ndash

330

)46

0(4

46

ndash 47

5)

696

(66

9 ndash

731

)75

7(7

14

ndash 82

9)

195

420

ndash39

year

s54

3(5

33

ndash 55

3)

312

(29

2 ndash

321

)33

9(3

22

ndash 35

1)

547

(53

5 ndash

556

)84

4(8

19

ndash 87

9)

891

(87

2 ndash

933

)1

688

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

587

(57

7 ndash

597

)33

1(3

14

ndash 34

2)

368

(36

0 ndash

380

)59

5(5

81

ndash 60

4)

903

(87

2 ndash

943

)10

0(9

47

ndash 10

7)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er64

4(6

28

ndash 66

1)

364

(31

6 ndash

388

)40

2(3

82

ndash 43

0)

649

(63

1 ndash

670

)99

8(9

62

ndash 10

2)10

8(1

05 ndash

115

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es57

2(5

63

ndash 58

2)

303

(29

2 ndash

312

)33

6(3

27

ndash 34

8)

580

(57

1 ndash

590

)89

0(8

65

ndash 93

0)

100

(93

3 ndash

104)

354

7Fe

mal

es52

4(5

13

ndash 53

5)

289

(27

7 ndash

301

)31

9(3

12

ndash 32

6)

524

(50

8 ndash

538

)85

9(8

33

ndash 88

7)

948

(89

8 ndash

103)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

484

(47

3 ndash

495

)27

8(2

62

ndash 28

6)

303

(29

3 ndash

312

)48

8(4

68

ndash 50

2)

737

(71

9 ndash

770

)82

1(7

62

ndash 88

4)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks48

3(4

73

ndash 49

3)

257

(23

8 ndash

275

)28

8(2

76

ndash 29

8)

481

(47

0 ndash

495

)82

0(7

84

ndash 85

5)

897

(86

1 ndash

936

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s57

4(5

64

ndash 58

4)

315

(30

6 ndash

324

)34

8(3

30

ndash 36

2)

579

(56

8 ndash

590

)89

8(8

76

ndash 93

3)

100

(95

6 ndash

104)

297

3


0 20

40 60

80

Serum vita

min A

(μgdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80



Serum vita

min A

Serum vita

min A

(μgdL

) (μgdL

) 0

20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

i

i i

70

i i i

i i

i

i

i

i

i i

i i

i

i

i i

i i i

i i

i

i i

i

i i i

40

60

80

100

95th

Per

cent

ile

i i i

i i

i i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i i i

i

i i

i

i i



60

50

40

30

40

35

30

25

20

15

i

i i

i

i i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6





Sample size

Prevalence

(95 conf interval)





Sample size











Tabl

e 2

2a

1 S

erum

reti

nyl p

alm

itat

e C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

211

(20

5 ndash

217

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

08(1

99

ndash 2

17)

567

(53

5 ndash

603

)7

35(6

93

ndash 7

96)

694

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs2

15(2

01

ndash 2

29)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

214

(19

3 ndash

227

)5

01(4

70

ndash 5

81)

618

(56

7 ndash

884

)82

712

ndash19

year

s1

90(1

84

ndash 1

97)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

183

(17

4 ndash

194

)4

78(4

51

ndash 5

37)

619

(57

7 ndash

677

)1

865

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

213

(20

4 ndash

223

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

18(2

03

ndash 2

29)

500

(46

7 ndash

536

)6

31(5

70

ndash 7

62)

162

040

ndash59

year

s2

14(2

04

ndash 2

25)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

212

(20

0 ndash

224

)6

15(5

46

ndash 6

80)

758

(67

4 ndash

910

)1

315

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

14(2

01

ndash 2

28)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

204

(18

8 ndash

223

)6

87(6

04

ndash 8

01)

880

(78

6 ndash

117

)1

319

Gen

der

Mal

es2

15(2

08

ndash 2

23)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

214

(20

4 ndash

224

)5

89(5

50

ndash 6

32)

726

(67

8 ndash

826

)3

397

Fem

ales

207

(20

1 ndash

212

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

01(1

94

ndash 2

11)

551

(49

6 ndash

612

)7

45(6

53

ndash 8

14)

354

9Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

185

(17

8 ndash

191

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D1

78(1

69

ndash 1

88)

477

(44

0 ndash

518

)5

69(5

19

ndash 7

49)

174

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks2

04(1

90

ndash 2

19)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

203

(18

4 ndash

220

)5

00(4

65

ndash 5

76)

636

(57

0 ndash

756

)1

842

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s2

17(2

10

ndash 2

25)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

217

(20

4 ndash

227

)6

02(5

60

ndash 6

49)

782

(70

4 ndash

874

)2

838

lt LO

D m

eans

less

than

the

limit

of d

etec

tion

whi

ch m

ay v

ary

for s

ome

com

poun

ds b

y ye

ar S

ee A

ppen

dix

D fo

r LO

D


0 1

2 3

4

Seru

m re

tinyl

pal

mita

te(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4



Seru

m re

tinyl

pal

mita

teSe

rum

retin

yl p

alm

itate

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

01

23

4 0

12

3


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)






8

(

( ( (

( ( (

(

( (

( (

( (

(

( (

( (

(

(

(

( (

( ( (

( (

5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

6

4

2

25

20

15

10

05

08

07

06

05

04

03

(

(

(

(

(

(

( (

(

( (

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

( (

(

(

(

( (

(

(

(

(

(

( (

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6





Tabl

e 2

3a

1 S

erum

reti

nyl s

tear

ate

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

131

(12

3 ndash

148

)1

95(1

79

ndash 2

09)

669

8A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

33(1

08

ndash 1

97)

197

(16

5 ndash

408

)79

212

ndash19

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D9

11(7

43 ndash

11

4)1

48(1

18

ndash 2

00)

180

120

ndash39

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D9

47(8

50 ndash

10

9)1

32(1

14

ndash 1

76)

155

540

ndash59

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

35(1

23

ndash 1

63)

200

(16

8 ndash

231

)1

262

60 y

ears

and

old

er

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

93(1

59

ndash 2

58)

277

(22

6 ndash

358

)1

288

Gen

der

Mal

es

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

40(1

29

ndash 1

54)

194

(18

6 ndash

205

)3

276

Fem

ales

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

125

(10

9 ndash

148

)1

99(1

62

ndash 2

34)

342

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

933

(792

ndash 1

19)

135

(10

8 ndash

207

)1

739

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

896

(829

ndash 1

10)

138

(11

0 ndash

171

)1

699

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

50(1

36

ndash 1

64)

206

(19

3 ndash

236

)2

747

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD

Not

cal

cula

ted

Pro

port

ion

of re

sults

bel

ow li

mit

of d

etec

tion

was

too

high

to p

rovi

de a

val

id re

sult





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




2

4

6

8

10

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

2

4

6

8

10

50th

Per

cent

ile

0

5

10

15

95th

Per

cent

ile





Tabl

e 2

4a

1 S

erum

vit

amin

E C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

109

0(1

070

ndash 1

120

)57

8(5

63 ndash

587

)63

1(6

20 ndash

642

)1

060

(10

30 ndash

10

80)

209

0(2

010

ndash 2

180

)2

460

(23

10 ndash

26

00)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs82

0(8

00 ndash

841

)54

6(5

18 ndash

573

)58

3(5

63 ndash

601

)80

6(7

88 ndash

826

)1

200

(11

20 ndash

13

70)

136

0(1

230

ndash 1

510

)86

012

ndash19

year

s77

0(7

57 ndash

783

)49

7(4

66 ndash

519

)52

7(5

16 ndash

541

)75

9(7

49 ndash

767

)1

160

(11

30 ndash

12

00)

132

0(1

240

ndash 1

450

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

102

0(9

98 ndash

10

40)

590

(559

ndash 6

19)

645

(621

ndash 6

68)

100

0(9

80 ndash

10

20)

173

0(1

620

ndash 1

900

)1

940

(18

10 ndash

23

80)

168

840

ndash59

year

s1

230

(11

90 ndash

12

60)

702

(656

ndash 7

21)

749

(724

ndash 7

69)

120

0(1

160

ndash 1

240

)2

210

(20

80 ndash

24

00)

251

0(2

260

ndash 3

110

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er1

400

(13

60 ndash

14

40)

704

(611

ndash 7

50)

783

(733

ndash 8

35)

139

0(1

330

ndash 1

430

)2

600

(25

10 ndash

26

60)

290

0(2

710

ndash 3

130

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es1

060

(10

40 ndash

10

90)

559

(543

ndash 5

75)

610

(594

ndash 6

25)

103

0(1

010

ndash 1

070

)2

010

(19

30 ndash

20

90)

236

0(2

160

ndash 2

520

)3

547

Fem

ales

112

0(1

090

ndash 1

140

)59

6(5

85 ndash

612

)65

3(6

39 ndash

664

)1

080

(10

50 ndash

11

00)

217

0(2

080

ndash 2

260

)2

510

(23

70 ndash

26

60)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

101

0(9

80 ndash

10

40)

581

(553

ndash 5

99)

623

(602

ndash 6

37)

976

(945

ndash 1

000

)1

790

(17

50 ndash

18

70)

212

0(1

960

ndash 2

330

)1

844

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

933

(915

ndash 9

51)

548

(530

ndash 5

59)

588

(581

ndash 6

01)

903

(884

ndash 9

18)

166

0(1

560

ndash 1

750

)1

800

(17

40 ndash

20

80)

189

1N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

114

0(1

110

ndash 1

160

)58

4(5

66 ndash

596

)64

3(6

24 ndash

658

)1

110

(10

80 ndash

11

40)

217

0(2

090

ndash 2

270

)2

520

(24

20 ndash

26

90)

297

3



050

010

0015

0020

00

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


050

010

0015

0020

00


Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)




050

010

0015

0020

00

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




400

500

600

700

800

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

600

800

1000

1200

50th

Per

cent

ile

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

95th

Per

cent

ile





Sample size

Prevalence

(95 conf interval)







Tabl

e 2

5a

1 S

erum

gam

ma-

toco

pher

ol C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

188

(180

ndash 1

96)

535

(49

6 ndash

599

)70

4(6

29

ndash 75

4)

196

(187

ndash 2

04)

424

(408

ndash 4

46)

489

(464

ndash 5

19)

721

7A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs18

2(1

71 ndash

193

)68

1(5

52

ndash 85

2)

915

(71

3 ndash

992

)17

9(1

69 ndash

193

)35

3(3

33 ndash

390

)39

2(3

67 ndash

455

)85

812

ndash19

year

s17

9(1

71 ndash

188

)75

5(6

20

ndash 81

8)

890

(79

8 ndash

938

)18

4(1

75 ndash

194

)32

4(3

11 ndash

343

)37

6(3

44 ndash

413

)1

942

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

194

(184

ndash 2

05)

654

(50

6 ndash

767

)81

9(7

53

ndash 93

8)

200

(192

ndash 2

09)

423

(401

ndash 4

60)

489

(447

ndash 5

53)

167

540

ndash59

year

s20

1(1

92 ndash

212

)53

0(4

65

ndash 61

2)

690

(56

1 ndash

800

)21

3(2

03 ndash

221

)45

2(4

37 ndash

498

)54

5(4

92 ndash

604

)1

358

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

5(1

54 ndash

177

)45

1(4

14

ndash 49

8)

524

(49

7 ndash

575

)17

6(1

61 ndash

192

)42

2(4

03 ndash

462

)48

6(4

61 ndash

539

)1

384

Gen

der

Mal

es19

2(1

84 ndash

200

)54

9(4

86

ndash 63

3)

745

(62

4 ndash

808

)19

8(1

89 ndash

206

)43

4(4

11 ndash

471

)50

5(4

78 ndash

564

)3

528

Fem

ales

184

(175

ndash 1

94)

524

(49

4 ndash

585

)67

7(6

01

ndash 73

5)

194

(183

ndash 2

03)

419

(400

ndash 4

41)

464

(444

ndash 4

97)

368

9Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

204

(192

ndash 2

17)

804

(64

2 ndash

863

)93

8(8

40

ndash 10

2)20

9(1

95 ndash

222

)43

7(3

90 ndash

503

)50

4(4

63 ndash

585

)1

841

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

214

(198

ndash 2

31)

706

(52

2 ndash

855

)92

0(6

74

ndash 10

6)21

9(2

04 ndash

235

)42

9(4

08 ndash

488

)50

9(4

57 ndash

550

)1

865

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s18

2(1

73 ndash

191

)51

2(4

67

ndash 55

0)

651

(57

4 ndash

723

)19

0(1

79 ndash

200

)42

3(4

07 ndash

445

)48

5(4

54 ndash

531

)2

965



010

020

030

0

Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


010

020

030

0


Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)




010

020

030

0

Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




0

50

100

150

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

150

200

250

300

50th

Per

cent

ile

300

400

500

600

95th

Per

cent

ile




Tabl

e 2

6a

1 S

erum

alp

ha-c

arot

ene

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

276

(25

4 ndash

299

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

63(2

40

ndash 2

84)

141

(12

4 ndash

165

)19

5(1

76

ndash 23

7)

724

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs2

64(2

32

ndash 3

01)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

259

(23

1 ndash

290

)11

5(9

30

ndash 15

1)

157

(11

6 ndash

347

)86

012

ndash19

year

s1

85(1

69

ndash 2

03)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

172

(15

3 ndash

191

)7

91(6

65

ndash 10

2)

108

(89

6 ndash

152

)1

950

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

248

(22

4 ndash

274

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

36(2

06

ndash 2

69)

113

(10

1 ndash

147

)16

3(1

27

ndash 23

6)

168

440

ndash59

year

s3

15(2

85

ndash 3

47)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

301

(27

2 ndash

336

)17

0(1

45

ndash 21

9)

271

(20

3 ndash

359

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

42(3

05

ndash 3

83)

lt LO

D7

11(lt

LO

D ndash

811

)3

33(2

86

ndash 3

86)

170

(14

0 ndash

198

)21

6(1

93

ndash 25

9)

138

7G

ende

rM

ales

237

(22

0 ndash

255

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

23(2

06

ndash 2

39)

115

(99

2 ndash

139

)16

1(1

32

ndash 20

9)

354

4Fe

mal

es3

18(2

89

ndash 3

50)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

301

(27

4 ndash

332

)16

4(1

46

ndash 18

4)

239

(19

4 ndash

300

)3

702

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s2

99(2

79

ndash 3

21)

lt LO

D8

24(7

49 ndash

889

)2

87(2

61

ndash 3

21)

108

(10

5 ndash

125

)14

8(1

39

ndash 16

6)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks1

98(1

74

ndash 2

26)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

171

(14

9 ndash

199

)11

0(8

83

ndash 14

8)

152

(12

4 ndash

331

)1

890

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s2

80(2

60

ndash 3

02)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

267

(24

7 ndash

289

)14

4(1

28

ndash 16

7)

202

(18

1 ndash

242

)2

966

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD


0 2

4 6

Seru

m a

lpha

minuscar

oten

e(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6



Seru

m a

lpha

minuscar

oten

eSe

rum

alp

haminusc

arot

ene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

02

46

02

4


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




075

080

085

090

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

10

15

20

25

30

35

50th

Per

cent

ile

5

10

15

20

95th

Per

cent

ile





Tabl

e 2

7a

1 S

erum

tran

s-be

ta-c

arot

ene

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

121

(11

5 ndash

128

)2

32(1

98

ndash 2

67)

318

(29

2 ndash

342

)11

6(1

11

ndash 12

3)

533

(49

1 ndash

593

)74

1(6

81

ndash 83

3)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs13

0(1

21

ndash 14

0)

414

(26

7 ndash

505

)5

15(4

11

ndash 5

61)

127

(11

8 ndash

136

)37

7(2

99

ndash 49

2)

476

(39

6 ndash

100)

860

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

924

(87

6 ndash

975

)2

59(2

05

ndash 2

96)

320

(28

7 ndash

352

)8

96(8

30

ndash 9

66)

283

(26

3 ndash

307

)35

3(3

13

ndash 41

8)

195

420

ndash39

year

s10

4(9

63

ndash 11

3)

241

(14

0 ndash

281

)3

01(2

79

ndash 3

23)

997

(91

4 ndash

109

)41

6(3

69

ndash 53

3)

595

(48

7 ndash

851

)1

688

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

128

(11

9 ndash

139

)1

94(1

36

ndash 2

20)

269

(21

5 ndash

341

)12

4(1

16

ndash 13

4)

630

(53

5 ndash

738

)79

2(7

33

ndash 97

9)

136

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

164

(15

1 ndash

177

)2

80(2

64

ndash 3

20)

390

(34

3 ndash

417

)15

9(1

45

ndash 17

8)

746

(66

3 ndash

834

)10

2(8

59

ndash 14

3)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es10

3(9

89

ndash 10

8)

196

(14

0 ndash

225

)2

77(2

28

ndash 3

06)

103

(96

2 ndash

109

)40

8(3

68

ndash 46

4)

543

(49

4 ndash

662

)3

547

Fem

ales

142

(13

3 ndash

151

)2

93(2

45

ndash 3

23)

377

(35

1 ndash

405

)13

2(1

20

ndash 14

4)

645

(58

3 ndash

736

)84

7(7

59

ndash 10

2)3

707

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s11

5(1

05

ndash 12

7)

267

(21

9 ndash

306

)3

49(3

15

ndash 3

86)

113

(10

4 ndash

124

)39

2(3

51

ndash 46

5)

486

(46

2 ndash

594

)1

844

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

108

(97

2 ndash

120

)2

29(2

00

ndash 2

54)

302

(25

7 ndash

336

)10

5(9

31

ndash 11

4)

450

(38

3 ndash

537

)57

4(5

14

ndash 73

5)

189

1N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

123

(11

6 ndash

131

)2

20(1

90

ndash 2

65)

306

(28

0 ndash

341

)11

8(1

12

ndash 12

6)

569

(50

4 ndash

649

)76

2(7

23

ndash 93

3)

297

3



010

2030

Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


010

2030


Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)




010

2030

Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




2

3

4

5

6

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

8

10

12

14

16

50th

Per

cent

ile

20

40

60

80

95th

Per

cent

ile




Tabl

e 2

8a

1 S

erum

cis

-bet

a-ca

rote

ne C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

320

(28

7 ndash

364

)4

48(3

93

ndash 5

11)

661

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

95(1

63

ndash 2

68)

267

(21

6 ndash

422

)77

912

ndash19

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

47(1

33

ndash 1

81)

187

(15

8 ndash

239

)1

785

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

251

(20

8 ndash

319

)3

74(2

88

ndash 5

09)

152

840

ndash59

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

730

(lt L

OD

ndash 7

83)

373

(32

1 ndash

444

)4

84(4

34

ndash 5

50)

125

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

108

(985

ndash 1

17)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

903

(811

ndash 9

92)

459

(39

3 ndash

532

)6

53(5

17

ndash 8

65)

127

0G

ende

rM

ales

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

226

(19

9 ndash

260

)3

09(2

67

ndash 3

91)

320

4Fe

mal

es

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

759

(708

ndash 8

16)

388

(36

0 ndash

448

)5

27(4

71

ndash 6

32)

341

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

226

(19

7 ndash

259

)2

80(2

48

ndash 3

46)

170

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D2

81(2

37

ndash 3

38)

351

(31

7 ndash

461

)1

673

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D3

44(3

06

ndash 3

82)

471

(41

1 ndash

520

)2

725

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD

Not

cal

cula

ted

Pro

port

ion

of re

sults

bel

ow li

mit

of d

etec

tion

was

too

high

to p

rovi

de a

val

id re

sult





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




070

075

080

085

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

070

075

080

085

50th

Per

cent

ile

1

2

3

4

5

95th

Per

cent

ile





Tabl

e 2

9a

1 S

erum

bet

a-cr

ypto

xant

hin

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

770

(73

4 ndash

808

)1

90(1

63

ndash 2

06)

246

(22

6 ndash

263

)7

62(7

24

ndash 7

99)

241

(22

5 ndash

264

)30

5(2

87

ndash 33

2)

719

5A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs9

47(8

88

ndash 10

1)

341

(26

8 ndash

369

)3

90(3

32

ndash 4

23)

914

(85

2 ndash

966

)24

9(2

30

ndash 28

7)

304

(27

1 ndash

423

)85

512

ndash19

year

s7

82(7

42

ndash 8

23)

256

(21

3 ndash

297

)3

20(2

91

ndash 3

50)

749

(70

1 ndash

799

)20

3(1

88

ndash 23

4)

255

(23

6 ndash

272

)1

924

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

795

(75

2 ndash

840

)2

33(1

84

ndash 2

53)

278

(25

0 ndash

297

)7

81(7

31

ndash 8

18)

245

(21

7 ndash

288

)31

7(2

88

ndash 38

0)

167

940

ndash59

year

s7

24(6

60

ndash 7

94)

148

(11

4 ndash

192

)2

16(1

80

ndash 2

40)

703

(65

0 ndash

782

)24

8(2

15

ndash 29

2)

303

(27

7 ndash

411

)1

357

60 y

ears

and

old

er7

39(6

86

ndash 7

97)

152

(13

8 ndash

162

)1

98(1

62

ndash 2

25)

748

(70

3 ndash

813

)24

2(2

27

ndash 27

6)

319

(27

8 ndash

352

)1

380

Gen

der

Mal

es7

51(7

10

ndash 7

94)

186

(14

2 ndash

214

)2

41(2

10

ndash 2

70)

749

(71

2 ndash

788

)22

8(2

15

ndash 25

0)

284

(26

4 ndash

309

)3

514

Fem

ales

789

(75

3 ndash

827

)1

93(1

68

ndash 2

10)

254

(22

4 ndash

269

)7

74(7

28

ndash 8

14)

255

(23

4 ndash

281

)32

5(3

00

ndash 37

1)

368

1Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

130

(11

8 ndash

143

)3

45(3

15

ndash 3

89)

442

(38

7 ndash

486

)12

9(1

19

ndash 14

2)

362

(32

4 ndash

454

)46

2(4

07

ndash 63

0)

184

2N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks8

34(7

88

ndash 8

84)

232

(20

2 ndash

251

)2

89(2

59

ndash 3

11)

823

(78

0 ndash

881

)23

6(2

08

ndash 27

8)

298

(26

9 ndash

356

)1

848

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s6

94(6

59

ndash 7

32)

166

(14

7 ndash

192

)2

26(2

07

ndash 2

44)

696

(66

2 ndash

738

)20

5(1

97

ndash 21

9)

255

(23

3 ndash

282

)2

960


0 5

10

15

20

Seru

m b

etaminus

cryp

toxa

nthi

n(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Seru

m b

etaminus

cryp

toxa

nthi

nSe

rum

bet

aminuscr

ypto

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 5

1015

20

0 5

1015


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

40

30

20

10

16

14

12

10

8

6

5

4

3

2

1

1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1 1

1 1

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6




Tabl

e 2

10a

1 S

erum

lute

inz

eaxa

nthi

n C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

138

(13

4 ndash

142

)4

95(4

69

ndash 5

19)

590

(56

8 ndash

618

)13

7(1

32

ndash 14

1)

313

(30

3 ndash

332

)38

5(3

70

ndash 40

0)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs13

1(1

26

ndash 13

7)

574

(41

3 ndash

647

)6

70(5

50

ndash 7

67)

133

(12

8 ndash

139

)24

5(2

35

ndash 27

4)

290

(27

3 ndash

302

)86

012

ndash19

year

s10

7(1

03

ndash 11

1)

491

(43

9 ndash

518

)5

67(5

21

ndash 5

91)

106

(10

0 ndash

111

)20

0(1

91

ndash 21

1)

227

(21

4 ndash

251

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

136

(13

1 ndash

141

)4

94(4

24

ndash 5

46)

591

(51

9 ndash

641

)13

6(1

29

ndash 14

4)

293

(27

7 ndash

321

)35

2(3

17

ndash 40

0)

168

840

ndash59

year

s14

5(1

38

ndash 15

2)

462

(40

2 ndash

531

)5

82(5

28

ndash 6

13)

145

(13

7 ndash

152

)35

7(3

33

ndash 37

8)

408

(38

5 ndash

461

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er15

5(1

49

ndash 16

2)

527

(47

2 ndash

583

)6

44(6

02

ndash 6

69)

157

(15

0 ndash

165

)35

9(3

28

ndash 40

3)

425

(39

7 ndash

512

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es13

6(1

31

ndash 14

0)

492

(44

8 ndash

530

)5

93(5

42

ndash 6

35)

135

(13

0 ndash

141

)30

7(2

87

ndash 31

4)

357

(33

3 ndash

390

)3

547

Fem

ales

140

(13

5 ndash

144

)4

98(4

62

ndash 5

26)

589

(56

9 ndash

613

)13

8(1

33

ndash 14

4)

328

(31

0 ndash

357

)39

9(3

84

ndash 41

5)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

151

(14

5 ndash

158

)6

36(5

62

ndash 6

79)

741

(67

9 ndash

783

)15

0(1

44

ndash 15

6)

313

(29

2 ndash

341

)35

5(3

32

ndash 40

8)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks15

3(1

48

ndash 15

8)

588

(52

0 ndash

637

)7

03(6

33

ndash 7

71)

154

(15

0 ndash

158

)31

5(2

94

ndash 35

1)

380

(34

8 ndash

417

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s13

2(1

28

ndash 13

6)

474

(44

6 ndash

496

)5

70(5

33

ndash 5

88)

129

(12

5 ndash

134

)30

9(2

91

ndash 32

8)

375

(34

4 ndash

399

)2

973


0 1

0 20

30

Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30



Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

35

30

25

20

15

16

14

12

10

8

8

7

6

5

4

i i

i i i

i i

i i

i i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i i i

i

i i i

i

i i i

i

i

i i

i i

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6






Tabl

e 2

11a

1 S

erum

tran

s-ly

cope

ne C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

212

(20

7 ndash

217

)5

64(4

99

ndash 6

25)

781

(73

3 ndash

840

)22

7(2

22

ndash 23

2)

436

(42

4 ndash

449

)48

4(4

75

ndash 49

8)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs21

7(2

05

ndash 22

9)

767

(52

7 ndash

929

)9

48(7

38

ndash 10

9)

225

(21

1 ndash

237

)42

8(4

00

ndash 46

0)

461

(44

0 ndash

548

)86

012

ndash19

year

s21

9(2

11

ndash 22

6)

842

(73

1 ndash

878

)9

91(8

98

ndash 11

0)

223

(21

8 ndash

229

)42

6(4

02

ndash 45

1)

468

(44

4 ndash

527

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

239

(23

3 ndash

244

)8

24(7

38

ndash 8

96)

107

(89

7 ndash

114

)25

1(2

43

ndash 25

6)

461

(44

1 ndash

472

)51

6(4

89

ndash 53

5)

168

840

ndash59

year

s21

6(2

04

ndash 22

8)

513

(37

6 ndash

634

)7

69(6

02

ndash 8

98)

232

(22

1 ndash

244

)44

6(4

25

ndash 47

1)

500

(47

2 ndash

559

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

4(1

54

ndash 17

4)

375

(26

9 ndash

436

)5

19(4

32

ndash 5

97)

178

(16

8 ndash

190

)38

8(3

73

ndash 40

7)

444

(40

7 ndash

465

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es21

8(2

10

ndash 22

6)

579

(45

4 ndash

670

)7

85(6

99

ndash 8

89)

234

(22

6 ndash

243

)44

7(4

37

ndash 47

0)

521

(49

0 ndash

557

)3

547

Fem

ales

206

(20

0 ndash

212

)5

47(4

93

ndash 6

39)

776

(70

9 ndash

840

)22

2(2

15

ndash 22

6)

423

(41

2 ndash

439

)46

3(4

51

ndash 48

8)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

195

(19

1 ndash

200

)7

04(6

09

ndash 7

33)

880

(78

3 ndash

929

)20

2(1

96

ndash 20

9)

380

(36

4 ndash

402

)42

5(3

98

ndash 49

9)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks22

0(2

09

ndash 23

2)

629

(54

6 ndash

699

)8

11(7

39

ndash 8

77)

235

(22

6 ndash

247

)47

0(4

47

ndash 49

5)

535

(51

0 ndash

573

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s21

3(2

08

ndash 21

9)

546

(48

3 ndash

626

)7

69(7

04

ndash 8

47)

230

(22

4 ndash

235

)43

8(4

24

ndash 45

2)

485

(47

3 ndash

506

)2

973


0 1

0 20

30

Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30



Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

12

10

8

6

4

2

i i

i

i

i

i

i i i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i

i i i i

i i i

i i i

i

i

i i

i i

i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i i

i i i i

i i

i i i i

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6






Tabl

e 2

12a

1 S

erum

tota

l lyc

open

e C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

394

(38

5 ndash

402

)11

3(1

04

ndash 12

6)

154

(14

6 ndash

161

)41

8(4

10

ndash 42

6)

808

(78

8 ndash

825

)90

7(8

79

ndash 94

7)

714

9A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs39

7(3

75

ndash 42

0)

149

(10

7 ndash

178

)18

8(1

51

ndash 19

9)

409

(38

5 ndash

441

)78

4(7

48

ndash 82

5)

830

(80

6 ndash

105)

851

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

395

(38

2 ndash

408

)15

4(1

29

ndash 17

4)

191

(17

2 ndash

209

)40

6(3

96

ndash 42

0)

739

(71

5 ndash

790

)82

8(7

81

ndash 93

4)

190

720

ndash39

year

s43

8(4

27

ndash 44

9)

159

(14

0 ndash

178

)20

0(1

70

ndash 21

8)

452

(43

8 ndash

466

)83

3(8

14

ndash 86

1)

927

(87

4 ndash

993

)1

667

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

405

(38

2 ndash

429

)10

6(7

35

ndash 13

2)

150

(12

4 ndash

171

)43

1(4

11

ndash 45

3)

841

(79

9 ndash

892

)97

2(9

07

ndash 10

3)1

346

60 y

ears

and

old

er31

5(2

98

ndash 33

2)

808

(69

6 ndash

957

)10

7(9

50

ndash 12

4)

335

(31

4 ndash

359

)72

8(6

95

ndash 76

4)

817

(76

3 ndash

894

)1

378

Gen

der

Mal

es40

6(3

93

ndash 42

0)

114

(92

8 ndash

132

)15

6(1

39

ndash 17

3)

435

(42

2 ndash

447

)84

5(8

16

ndash 86

9)

952

(89

9 ndash

103)

349

3Fe

mal

es38

2(3

71

ndash 39

3)

111

(10

3 ndash

129

)15

3(1

42

ndash 16

4)

401

(38

9 ndash

416

)77

6(7

51

ndash 80

5)

860

(81

9 ndash

921

)3

656

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s36

2(3

53

ndash 37

1)

137

(11

8 ndash

143

)16

6(1

53

ndash 17

9)

374

(36

1 ndash

389

)70

5(6

70

ndash 74

0)

793

(74

1 ndash

913

)1

818

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

413

(39

2 ndash

435

)12

9(1

09

ndash 14

2)

167

(14

3 ndash

180

)43

1(4

11

ndash 45

5)

864

(83

0 ndash

895

)97

2(9

15

ndash 10

7)1

846

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s39

6(3

86

ndash 40

6)

109

(97

2 ndash

125

)15

1(1

42

ndash 16

0)

424

(41

3 ndash

433

)81

1(7

89

ndash 82

9)

897

(87

2 ndash

948

)2

943


0 20

40 60

Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

60



Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 2

0 40

60

0 2

0 40


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




























































a a

a a

a

a

b b b

b

b

b

b b b

b

c

b

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total population


Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Seru

m 2

5-hy

drox

yvita

min

D (n

mol

L)

1988-1994 2001-2002 2003-2006









a

b

c

a

b

c

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Mexican American

Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Mexican American

Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Prev

alen

ce (

)


a

b

c

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Prev

alen

ce (

)


lt 40 nmolL

Non-Hispanic white





213a1)










Tabl

e 2

13a

1 S

erum

25-

hydr

oxyv

itam

in D

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n nm

olL

) for

the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

1 y

ear a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 1

year

and

old

er55

6(5

36

ndash 57

6)

185

(17

4 ndash

197

)23

2(2

14

ndash 25

0)

580

(56

3 ndash

599

)96

6(9

39

ndash 10

1)10

8(1

05 ndash

112

)16

604

Age

gro

up1ndash

5 ye

ars

686

(66

7 ndash

705

)36

9(3

29

ndash 38

8)

416

(39

5 ndash

434

)68

8(6

69

ndash 70

6)

996

(95

7 ndash

107)

107

(102

ndash 1

21)

179

96ndash

11 y

ears

638

(61

6 ndash

661

)30

5(2

73

ndash 31

6)

353

(32

0 ndash

387

)64

5(6

30

ndash 66

1)

972

(92

5 ndash

108)

105

(98

4 ndash

122)

176

812

ndash19

year

s55

1(5

24

ndash 58

0)

180

(15

6 ndash

201

)22

7(1

98

ndash 25

1)

576

(55

3 ndash

601

)98

4(9

43

ndash 10

8)11

1(1

06 ndash

123

)4

044

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

545

(52

1 ndash

570

)17

6(1

59

ndash 19

0)

218

(20

3 ndash

233

)56

6(5

44

ndash 58

9)

102

(97

2 ndash

108)

115

(110

ndash 1

22)

326

240

ndash59

year

s53

6(5

13

ndash 56

0)

178

(16

3 ndash

189

)21

7(1

98

ndash 23

6)

560

(54

1 ndash

581

)94

3(9

05

ndash 98

3)

103

(98

0 ndash

110)

266

060

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

541

(52

4 ndash

558

)19

1(1

81

ndash 20

1)

231

(21

6 ndash

246

)56

9(5

54

ndash 58

5)

919

(89

5 ndash

950

)10

0(9

66

ndash 10

6)3

071

Gen

der

Mal

es56

7(5

47

ndash 58

7)

207

(18

6 ndash

223

)25

8(2

38

ndash 27

3)

589

(57

1 ndash

607

)94

0(9

07

ndash 97

7)

103

(98

6 ndash

109)

814

5Fe

mal

es54

5(5

25

ndash 56

6)

176

(16

2 ndash

185

)21

2(1

98

ndash 22

5)

572

(55

2 ndash

592

)99

4(9

61

ndash 10

6)11

2(1

08 ndash

117

)8

459

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s48

7(4

63

ndash 51

2)

182

(16

8 ndash

194

)21

5(1

96

ndash 23

3)

499

(47

7 ndash

534

)81

8(7

92

ndash 84

7)

882

(85

4 ndash

920

)4

275

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

361

(34

3 ndash

380

)12

0(1

10

ndash 12

8)

143

(13

5 ndash

151

)36

6(3

42

ndash 39

1)

709

(68

5 ndash

737

)79

0(7

49

ndash 82

2)

434

9N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

619

(60

3 ndash

634

)24

9(2

33

ndash 25

9)

310

(29

1 ndash

326

)63

2(6

18

ndash 64

6)

102

(97

8 ndash

106)

113

(110

ndash 1

17)

669

8


0 20

40 60

80

Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

(nmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80



Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

(nmolL)

(nmolL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



140

120

5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

100

80

60

80

70

60

50

40

30

50

40

30

20

10


01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6






Sample size






Sample size






Sample size






Sample size


































































1

10

100

1000

10000



eom

etric

mea

n (

mol

L)

20

30

40

50

60

A

b

a a

10


EPA

( m

olL

)

180

160

40

20

0

b

a

b


DH

A (

mol

L)

140

120

100

80

60











Tabl

e 2

14a

1 P

lasm

a m

yris

tic

acid

(14

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

119

(113

ndash 1

25)

425

(39

9 ndash

451

)48

1(4

62

ndash 50

5)

116

(108

ndash 1

23)

308

(282

ndash 3

53)

392

(360

ndash 4

38)

179

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

110

(104

ndash 1

17)

390

(31

1 ndash

425

)45

0(4

25

ndash 46

8)

106

(99

0 ndash

118)

301

(252

ndash 3

70)

370

(330

ndash 5

33)

603

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

126

(117

ndash 1

36)

462

(41

4 ndash

479

)51

8(4

72

ndash 56

4)

120

(109

ndash 1

32)

329

(287

ndash 4

01)

410

(383

ndash 4

81)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er12

1(1

12 ndash

131

)44

5(3

79

ndash 47

5)

502

(46

3 ndash

545

)12

0(1

12 ndash

127

)30

0(2

43 ndash

366

)32

9(3

07 ndash

426

)67

9G

ende

rM

ales

120

(112

ndash 1

29)

406

(34

0 ndash

451

)47

6(4

48

ndash 52

6)

118

(105

ndash 1

29)

320

(285

ndash 3

84)

414

(366

ndash 5

08)

856

Fem

ales

117

(111

ndash 1

24)

446

(39

5 ndash

459

)48

3(4

59

ndash 50

8)

115

(107

ndash 1

21)

303

(258

ndash 3

59)

365

(325

ndash 4

34)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s12

6(1

10 ndash

144

)41

6dagger

(39

1 ndash

475

)48

5(4

06

ndash 52

3)

124

(108

ndash 1

44)

342

(304

ndash 4

70)

408dagger

(349

ndash 1

810

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks85

8(7

89

ndash 93

3)

328

dagger(2

79

ndash 38

3)

398

(30

2 ndash

435

)84

3(7

20

ndash 95

0)

223

(178

ndash 2

83)

261dagger

(229

ndash 4

10)

309

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s12

3(1

16 ndash

131

)45

6(3

84

ndash 47

8)

509

(46

5 ndash

558

)11

9(1

10 ndash

127

)31

0(2

86 ndash

364

)39

6(3

58 ndash

464

)98

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0

Plas

ma

myr

istic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

myr

istic

aci

dPl

asm

a m

yris

tic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 0

50

100

150


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

15a

1 P

lasm

a pa

lmit

ic a

cid

(16

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

271

0(2

640

ndash 2

780

)1

570

(14

20 ndash

16

10)

169

0(1

610

ndash 1

770

)2

630

(25

40 ndash

27

30)

471

0(4

500

ndash 5

030

)5

370

(51

80 ndash

56

30)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

254

0(2

470

ndash 2

610

)1

440

(13

30 ndash

15

50)

159

0(1

480

ndash 1

670

)2

450

(23

80 ndash

25

40)

455

0(4

000

ndash 5

330

)5

340

(47

40 ndash

68

60)

609

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

278

0(2

680

ndash 2

880

)1

600

(13

30 ndash

17

50)

183

0(1

650

ndash 1

910

)2

650

(25

30 ndash

28

00)

475

0(4

560

ndash 5

320

)5

410

(52

60 ndash

57

60)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

890

(27

90 ndash

29

90)

175

0(1

610

ndash 1

860

)1

910

(17

60 ndash

19

70)

282

0(2

740

ndash 2

940

)4

630

(43

90 ndash

51

60)

522

0(4

830

ndash 5

790

)68

2G

ende

rM

ales

270

0(2

590

ndash 2

810

)1

560

(13

80 ndash

16

50)

167

0(1

570

ndash 1

790

)2

610

(25

00 ndash

27

10)

473

0(4

400

ndash 5

320

)5

630

(50

90 ndash

60

90)

863

Fem

ales

272

0(2

640

ndash 2

800

)1

570

(14

00 ndash

16

10)

171

0(1

660

ndash 1

780

)2

640

(25

40 ndash

27

60)

466

0(4

450

ndash 5

270

)5

350

(49

70 ndash

55

00)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s2

880

(27

10 ndash

30

50)

150

0dagger(1

310

ndash 1

710

)1

750

(15

00 ndash

18

30)

275

0(2

620

ndash 2

970

)5

430

(45

80 ndash

63

10)

598

0dagger(5

640

ndash 6

380

)37

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks2

450

(23

40 ndash

25

70)

154

0dagger(1

250

ndash 1

580

)1

590

(13

20 ndash

17

30)

233

0(2

240

ndash 2

480

)4

020

(36

10 ndash

45

10)

457

0dagger(4

050

ndash 8

480

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

272

0(2

630

ndash 2

810

)1

570

(13

80 ndash

16

10)

169

0(1

600

ndash 1

780

)2

650

(25

50 ndash

27

30)

472

0(4

430

ndash 5

270

)5

350

(49

30 ndash

56

40)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4000



Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

0

1000

20

00

3000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

16a

1 P

lasm

a st

eari

c ac

id (1

80)

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

692

(678

ndash 7

06)

432

(411

ndash 4

44)

471

(440

ndash 4

84)

684

(663

ndash 7

05)

104

0(1

020

ndash 1

100

)1

180

(11

30 ndash

12

70)

180

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

649

(635

ndash 6

64)

420

(362

ndash 4

37)

444

(422

ndash 4

68)

638

(624

ndash 6

59)

998

(922

ndash 1

120

)1

150

(10

30 ndash

14

70)

609

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

718

(698

ndash 7

38)

430

(383

ndash 4

73)

481

(426

ndash 5

24)

711

(682

ndash 7

33)

110

0(1

040

ndash 1

160

)1

210

(11

30 ndash

13

50)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er72

4(7

03 ndash

746

)47

1(4

30 ndash

489

)51

1(4

73 ndash

534

)73

1(6

97 ndash

763

)1

030

(976

ndash 1

120

)1

130

(10

40 ndash

13

10)

682

Gen

der

Mal

es69

0(6

71 ndash

710

)43

3(4

08 ndash

469

)47

2(4

40 ndash

483

)67

3(6

44 ndash

711

)1

090

(10

30 ndash

12

00)

128

0(1

170

ndash 1

360

)86

4Fe

mal

es69

4(6

77 ndash

712

)42

1(3

99 ndash

441

)46

2(4

33 ndash

489

)68

9(6

67 ndash

712

)1

030

(975

ndash 1

080

)1

140

(10

80 ndash

11

90)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s71

0(6

77 ndash

745

)44

0dagger(4

11 ndash

467

)47

5(4

34 ndash

492

)71

0(6

66 ndash

748

)1

150

(10

30 ndash

13

20)

121

0dagger(1

170

ndash 1

330

)37

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks67

6(6

55 ndash

697

)44

0dagger(3

56 ndash

471

)47

3(4

35 ndash

495

)66

9(6

45 ndash

693

)96

1(9

01 ndash

11

30)

113

0dagger(9

98 ndash

20

10)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s69

2(6

76 ndash

709

)42

1(4

08 ndash

441

)46

5(4

30 ndash

485

)68

6(6

63 ndash

709

)1

040

(10

20 ndash

10

90)

117

0(1

090

ndash 1

270

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

0 10

00

Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

1000



Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

0 10

00

0 50

0

20minus39 40minus59

Females


Males

60+


20minus39

Age (years)


Age (years)

60+




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

17a

1 P

lasm

a ar

achi

dic

acid

(20

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

234

(23

0 ndash

239

)15

1(1

44

ndash 15

5)

162

(15

4 ndash

167

)23

2(2

29

ndash 23

6)

336

(32

5 ndash

359

)36

7(3

50

ndash 39

1)

175

7A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

222

(21

6 ndash

229

)14

8(1

33

ndash 15

2)

156

(15

0 ndash

162

)22

1(2

14

ndash 23

0)

316

(30

3 ndash

340

)33

9(3

24

ndash 36

6)

592

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

239

(23

3 ndash

245

)15

4(1

44

ndash 16

3)

168

(15

6 ndash

175

)23

5(2

29

ndash 24

2)

340

(32

4 ndash

368

)36

9(3

42

ndash 43

6)

500

60 y

ears

and

old

er24

8(2

41

ndash 25

4)

156

(13

7 ndash

163

)16

7(1

56

ndash 18

0)

249

(23

8 ndash

257

)36

1(3

38

ndash 38

6)

386

(36

5 ndash

422

)66

5G

ende

rM

ales

223

(21

8 ndash

228

)14

4(1

27

ndash 15

2)

155

(14

5 ndash

163

)22

0(2

17

ndash 22

3)

320

(31

4 ndash

328

)33

8(3

25

ndash 36

4)

843

Fem

ales

245

(23

9 ndash

251

)15

9(1

50

ndash 16

5)

169

(16

1 ndash

177

)24

3(2

37

ndash 25

1)

357

(33

6 ndash

384

)38

5(3

64

ndash 42

2)

914

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s22

5(2

13

ndash 23

8)

135

dagger(1

14

ndash 15

6)

156

(12

7 ndash

168

)22

4(2

11

ndash 23

7)

327

(31

2 ndash

355

)35

1dagger

(33

2 ndash

410

)36

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks23

2(2

21

ndash 24

3)

146

dagger(9

41

ndash 15

3)

154

(13

6 ndash

167

)22

7(2

19

ndash 23

5)

334

(31

2 ndash

408

)35

9dagger

(33

6 ndash

766

)30

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

236

(23

0 ndash

242

)15

3(1

41

ndash 15

8)

163

(15

3 ndash

168

)23

5(2

29

ndash 24

0)

341

(32

6 ndash

369

)37

5(3

56

ndash 39

5)

962

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

20 30

Plas

ma

arac

hidi

c ac

id(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30



Plas

ma

arac

hidi

c ac

idPl

asm

a ar

achi

dic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

18a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

noic

aci

d (2

20)

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

693

(67

7 ndash

710

)41

5(3

81

ndash 43

2)

452

(42

9 ndash

476

)69

5(6

80

ndash 71

4)

102

(99

0 ndash

108)

110

(106

ndash 1

17)

173

9

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s66

5(6

51

ndash 67

9)

426

(38

0 ndash

443

)46

1(4

30

ndash 48

1)

665

(65

0 ndash

685

)97

4(9

44

ndash 98

7)

999

(98

3 ndash

104)

589

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

718

(68

5 ndash

752

)41

6(2

01

ndash 45

2)

464

(40

2 ndash

495

)74

0(6

83

ndash 76

6)

105

(99

0 ndash

111)

111

(106

ndash 1

34)

496

60 y

ears

and

old

er70

2(6

82

ndash 72

4)

392

(31

7 ndash

429

)43

0(4

01

ndash 46

2)

709

(68

1 ndash

734

)10

9(1

05 ndash

114

)11

5(1

11 ndash

128

)65

4G

ende

rM

ales

658

(64

0 ndash

677

)39

3(3

42

ndash 42

4)

430

(39

7 ndash

451

)66

2(6

42

ndash 68

3)

964

(94

9 ndash

982

)10

5(9

82

ndash 11

1)83

4Fe

mal

es72

8(7

04

ndash 75

2)

434

(40

5 ndash

470

)48

4(4

51

ndash 50

3)

737

(70

7 ndash

756

)10

6(1

02 ndash

111

)11

3(1

08 ndash

128

)90

5Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

644

(61

3 ndash

677

)39

0dagger

(35

4 ndash

418

)42

0(3

74

ndash 46

5)

644

(60

9 ndash

674

)95

3(8

71

ndash 12

9)97

9dagger

(94

9 ndash

129)

367

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

696

(66

5 ndash

730

)41

1dagger

(20

8 ndash

472

)46

3(3

45

ndash 51

1)

694

(64

3 ndash

747

)10

6(1

04 ndash

107

)11

5dagger(1

07 ndash

123

)30

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

704

(68

9 ndash

720

)42

6(3

94

ndash 43

7)

469

(43

4 ndash

485

)70

9(6

94

ndash 72

8)

104

(99

2 ndash

110)

111

(108

ndash 1

21)

947

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80 100

Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

(μmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

(μmolL)

(μmolL)

0 20

40 60

80 100

0

20

40 60

80


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

19a

1 P

lasm

a lig

noce

ric

acid

(24

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

540

(52

8 ndash

553

)31

2(2

95

ndash 33

0)

353

(32

7 ndash

368

)53

8(5

26

ndash 55

6)

809

(79

0 ndash

836

)87

0(8

49

ndash 90

2)

174

3A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

516

(50

3 ndash

530

)31

8(2

68

ndash 35

2)

356

(32

4 ndash

366

)51

3(4

98

ndash 52

9)

736

(71

8 ndash

786

)82

0(7

60

ndash 88

3)

583

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

564

(54

2 ndash

587

)33

2(2

87

ndash 37

6)

378

(32

9 ndash

396

)56

6(5

41

ndash 59

6)

811

(77

4 ndash

880

)86

8(8

36

ndash 94

4)

495

60 y

ears

and

old

er54

3(5

27

ndash 56

0)

291

(21

7 ndash

310

)31

6(3

00

ndash 34

2)

548

(52

4 ndash

575

)86

9(8

19

ndash 91

9)

923

(89

1 ndash

975

)66

5G

ende

rM

ales

537

(52

2 ndash

552

)30

6(2

85

ndash 33

0)

346

(30

7 ndash

377

)53

7(5

16

ndash 55

8)

808

(76

4 ndash

849

)86

1(8

45

ndash 93

1)

836

Fem

ales

544

(52

6 ndash

562

)32

4(2

98

ndash 35

0)

358

(32

6 ndash

370

)53

8(5

27

ndash 56

1)

807

(78

7 ndash

845

)87

3(8

38

ndash 91

9)

907

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s50

4(4

73

ndash 53

7)

299

dagger(1

92

ndash 32

6)

324

(28

7 ndash

360

)50

1(4

72

ndash 53

8)

764

(71

1 ndash

830

)80

7dagger

(76

9 ndash

117)

355

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

533

(50

5 ndash

562

)30

8dagger

(24

0 ndash

354

)34

8(2

70

ndash 38

0)

531

(49

6 ndash

570

)79

0(7

33

ndash 84

2)

839

dagger(7

90

ndash 11

2)30

2N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

547

(53

4 ndash

560

)31

5(2

87

ndash 33

6)

358

(33

1 ndash

372

)54

8(5

30

ndash 56

5)

814

(79

1 ndash

850

)87

2(8

51

ndash 92

1)

966

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma lig

noceric

acid

(μmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80



Plasma lig

noceric

acid

Plasma lig

noceric

acid

(μmolL)

(μmolL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

20a

1 P

lasm

a m

yris

tole

ic a

cid

(14

1n-5

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

657

(60

8 ndash

709

)1

45(1

31

ndash 1

56)

179

(16

8 ndash

196

)6

50(5

90

ndash 6

99)

239

(21

4 ndash

293

)32

1(2

70

ndash 40

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

621

(56

7 ndash

680

)1

47(1

17

ndash 1

64)

176

(16

4 ndash

201

)6

05(5

34

ndash 6

75)

240

(19

3 ndash

326

)31

9(2

48

ndash 67

0)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

706

(63

0 ndash

790

)1

44(1

11

ndash 1

69)

186

(16

3 ndash

202

)6

87(6

20

ndash 7

62)

258

(21

4 ndash

346

)34

6(2

70

ndash 52

9)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er6

39(5

61

ndash 7

26)

140

(11

7 ndash

167

)1

73(1

56

ndash 1

99)

640

(55

3 ndash

745

)23

3(1

93

ndash 30

9)

269

(23

4 ndash

407

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

635

(57

0 ndash

707

)1

25(1

05

ndash 1

39)

170

(14

1 ndash

182

)6

47(5

47

ndash 7

28)

249

(22

8 ndash

297

)33

0(2

94

ndash 40

6)

865

Fem

ales

677

(62

6 ndash

732

)1

59(1

46

ndash 1

75)

194

(17

1 ndash

232

)6

51(5

96

ndash 6

96)

234

(19

9 ndash

312

)30

7(2

39

ndash 48

1)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s6

95(5

89

ndash 8

20)

153

dagger(1

02

ndash 1

80)

182

(15

1 ndash

205

)6

83(5

44

ndash 8

30)

261

(21

1 ndash

356

)33

1dagger

(27

4 ndash

684

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

91(3

50

ndash 4

38)

106

dagger(7

03 ndash

11

7)1

18(1

06

ndash 1

42)

378

(31

7 ndash

449

)12

8(1

15

ndash 21

4)

203

dagger(1

37

ndash 31

3)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s7

07(6

45

ndash 7

74)

165

(14

2 ndash

179

)2

06(1

80

ndash 2

33)

684

(62

2 ndash

746

)24

9(2

23

ndash 31

8)

327

(27

0 ndash

436

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 5

10

15

Plas

ma

myr

isto

leic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

15



Plas

ma

myr

isto

leic

aci

dPl

asm

a m

yris

tole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 5

1015

0

510


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

21a

1 P

lasm

a pa

lmit

olei

c ac

id (1

61n

-7)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

217

(205

ndash 2

29)

733

(65

1 ndash

781

)84

0(7

90

ndash 89

6)

213

(196

ndash 2

30)

563

(526

ndash 6

64)

727

(657

ndash 8

06)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

195

(185

ndash 2

05)

725

(60

4 ndash

787

)82

0(7

50

ndash 84

1)

185

(173

ndash 1

94)

539

(450

ndash 6

74)

685

(611

ndash 8

40)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

228

(210

ndash 2

48)

693

(45

2 ndash

781

)82

4(7

13

ndash 96

8)

228

(206

ndash 2

51)

572

(525

ndash 7

72)

770

(671

ndash 8

37)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er23

8(2

20 ndash

259

)84

8(6

54

ndash 94

1)

100

(87

9 ndash

113)

241

(216

ndash 2

63)

559

(528

ndash 6

49)

676

(589

ndash 7

63)

681

Gen

der

Mal

es20

7(1

90 ndash

225

)69

0(5

34

ndash 74

7)

777

(68

8 ndash

840

)20

3(1

82 ndash

225

)56

2(4

95 ndash

683

)68

2(5

78 ndash

926

)86

3Fe

mal

es22

6(2

14 ndash

239

)83

2(7

12

ndash 88

4)

934

(89

1 ndash

104)

226

(204

ndash 2

43)

567

(528

ndash 6

79)

729

(630

ndash 8

46)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s24

0(2

09 ndash

277

)78

6dagger

(60

0 ndash

862

)87

0(6

42

ndash 95

4)

239

(204

ndash 2

81)

692

(594

ndash 7

80)

769dagger

(699

ndash 1

110

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks15

7(1

48 ndash

167

)64

8dagger

(47

2 ndash

689

)70

3(6

42

ndash 73

2)

151

(142

ndash 1

62)

429

(352

ndash 5

29)

523dagger

(433

ndash 7

55)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s22

1(2

08 ndash

236

)74

9(5

30

ndash 83

5)

889

(79

3 ndash

965

)22

1(2

01 ndash

237

)55

4(5

22 ndash

661

)72

2(6

15 ndash

831

)99

0dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 10

0 20

0 30

0 40

0

Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 40

0 0

100

200

300


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

22a

1 P

lasm

a ci

s-va

ccen

ic a

cid

(18

1n-7

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

146

(141

ndash 1

50)

753

(65

1 ndash

810

)83

6(7

62

ndash 89

7)

143

(139

ndash 1

48)

262

(251

ndash 2

74)

303

(283

ndash 3

44)

176

2A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

131

(126

ndash 1

38)

656

(58

6 ndash

753

)76

9(6

33

ndash 82

7)

129

(122

ndash 1

37)

235

(214

ndash 2

59)

269

(248

ndash 3

44)

589

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

148

(143

ndash 1

54)

764

(64

4 ndash

855

)86

6(7

51

ndash 95

5)

144

(139

ndash 1

50)

282

(251

ndash 3

09)

333

(298

ndash 5

33)

501

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

8(1

62 ndash

173

)94

1(8

53

ndash 10

2)10

3(9

34

ndash 10

9)16

6(1

62 ndash

172

)26

6(2

58 ndash

297

)30

1(2

78 ndash

344

)67

2G

ende

rM

ales

145

(139

ndash 1

51)

715

(62

4 ndash

812

)83

4(7

04

ndash 90

3)

141

(135

ndash 1

48)

265

(242

ndash 3

01)

325

(277

ndash 3

90)

845

Fem

ales

147

(141

ndash 1

53)

777

(61

8 ndash

817

)85

8(7

54

ndash 92

0)

145

(139

ndash 1

51)

260

(240

ndash 2

82)

301

(273

ndash 3

45)

917

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s15

2(1

38 ndash

166

)65

9dagger

(55

7 ndash

827

)80

9(5

80

ndash 93

1)

146

(136

ndash 1

64)

304

(258

ndash 3

78)

336dagger

(326

ndash 3

84)

373

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

129

(120

ndash 1

38)

695

dagger(5

45

ndash 74

7)

748

(68

0 ndash

803

)12

5(1

17 ndash

134

)23

7(2

06 ndash

354

)29

5dagger(2

51 ndash

429

)30

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

146

(140

ndash 1

52)

770

(62

1 ndash

854

)86

7(7

51

ndash 93

1)

144

(139

ndash 1

49)

260

(242

ndash 2

75)

298

(275

ndash 3

37)

958

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

0 20

0 30

0

Plas

ma

cisminus

vacc

enic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

cisminus

vacc

enic

aci

dPl

asm

a ci

sminusva

ccen

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 0

100

200


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tab

le 2

23

a1

Pla

sma

olei

c ac

id (1

81n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

210

0(2

050

ndash 2

150

)1

110

(10

30 ndash

11

70)

122

0(1

170

ndash 1

270

)2

070

(20

00 ndash

21

50)

385

0(3

590

ndash 4

220

)4

480

(42

30 ndash

49

40)

179

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

191

0(1

840

ndash 1

980

)1

020

(955

ndash 1

080

)1

130

(10

80 ndash

11

70)

184

0(1

750

ndash 1

970

)3

710

(31

20 ndash

41

40)

419

0(3

770

ndash 8

650

)60

840

ndash59

year

s2

160

(21

00 ndash

22

30)

116

0(9

93 ndash

12

20)

128

0(1

180

ndash 1

350

)2

120

(20

10 ndash

21

90)

415

0(3

610

ndash 4

800

)4

790

(42

90 ndash

53

20)

512

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

360

(22

90 ndash

24

40)

133

0(1

290

ndash 1

400

)1

430

(13

40 ndash

15

50)

238

0(2

290

ndash 2

450

)3

850

(34

90 ndash

44

10)

441

0(4

120

ndash 4

930

)67

8G

ende

rM

ales

214

0(2

060

ndash 2

220

)1

140

(10

40 ndash

12

10)

123

0(1

160

ndash 1

300

)2

100

(20

10 ndash

22

00)

411

0(3

560

ndash 4

930

)4

930

(45

00 ndash

55

30)

858

Fem

ales

207

0(2

000

ndash 2

140

)1

090

(972

ndash 1

140

)1

200

(11

30 ndash

12

70)

202

0(1

940

ndash 2

140

)3

810

(34

90 ndash

40

20)

424

0(4

030

ndash 4

400

)94

0Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

224

0(2

060

ndash 2

430

)1

110dagger

(871

ndash 1

240

)1

270

(987

ndash 1

340

)2

170

(19

90 ndash

24

70)

428

0(3

850

ndash 5

240

)4

940dagger

(44

00 ndash

66

40)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

181

0(1

730

ndash 1

890

)1

020dagger

(892

ndash 1

080

)1

150

(10

10 ndash

11

80)

171

0(1

620

ndash 1

830

)3

180

(28

90 ndash

37

60)

376

0dagger(3

350

ndash 8

200

)30

8N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

213

0(2

060

ndash 2

200

)1

120

(990

ndash 1

210

)1

230

(11

40 ndash

13

20)

212

0(2

020

ndash 2

180

)3

840

(35

80 ndash

41

90)

438

0(4

160

ndash 4

930

)98

6dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

Plas

ma

olei

c ac

id(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4000



Plas

ma

olei

c ac

idPl

asm

a ol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

0

1000

20

00

3000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

24a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cose

noic

aci

d (2

01n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

136

(13

2 ndash

141

)6

69(6

33

ndash 7

03)

756

(68

3 ndash

798

)13

3(1

28

ndash 13

8)

259

(24

2 ndash

305

)33

1(2

99

ndash 38

3)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

126

(12

0 ndash

133

)6

35(5

53

ndash 6

66)

682

(63

5 ndash

749

)12

1(1

14

ndash 12

9)

258

(22

7 ndash

373

)34

7(2

63

ndash 45

2)

608

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

135

(13

0 ndash

141

)6

96(4

20

ndash 7

54)

759

(70

0 ndash

825

)13

2(1

23

ndash 13

8)

257

(23

6 ndash

317

)31

8(2

76

ndash 47

0)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er15

6(1

51

ndash 16

1)

894

(75

0 ndash

941

)9

74(8

98

ndash 10

3)

151

(14

7 ndash

158

)26

0(2

44

ndash 30

4)

311

(28

1 ndash

395

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

139

(13

3 ndash

145

)6

70(6

12

ndash 7

50)

768

(67

2 ndash

827

)13

5(1

29

ndash 14

2)

287

(24

6 ndash

334

)37

1(3

18

ndash 42

5)

865

Fem

ales

134

(12

8 ndash

140

)6

66(5

98

ndash 7

01)

748

(68

3 ndash

784

)13

0(1

26

ndash 13

6)

249

(23

2 ndash

266

)30

1(2

61

ndash 35

3)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s15

4(1

44

ndash 16

5)

686

dagger(6

00

ndash 8

62)

865

(63

3 ndash

925

)14

7(1

37

ndash 16

4)

331

(27

9 ndash

408

)38

7dagger

(33

2 ndash

459

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks11

7(1

10

ndash 12

4)

611

dagger(5

11

ndash 6

37)

639

(60

8 ndash

685

)11

1(1

02

ndash 12

1)

234

(21

3 ndash

281

)29

4dagger

(25

1 ndash

513

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

136

(13

1 ndash

142

)6

83(5

83

ndash 7

46)

763

(67

0 ndash

815

)13

4(1

29

ndash 13

8)

249

(23

5 ndash

301

)31

7(2

65

ndash 39

3)

989

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 5

10

15

20

25

Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

25



Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 5

1015

2025

0

5 10

1520


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

25a

1 P

lasm

a do

cose

noic

aci

d (2

21n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

344

(29

7 ndash

399

)lt

LOD

712

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

25)

362

(33

0 ndash

407

)10

3(9

50

ndash 12

2)

136

(11

8 ndash

166

)1

604

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s3

36(2

75

ndash 4

11)

lt LO

D6

12(lt

LO

D ndash

13

8)3

46(3

10

ndash 4

06)

116

(93

2 ndash

167

)14

7(1

24

ndash 20

1)

533

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

339

(28

9 ndash

397

)3

10(lt

LO

D ndash

677

)7

29(lt

LO

D ndash

11

5)3

51(3

16

ndash 4

23)

945

(86

2 ndash

134

)12

6(1

08

ndash 16

6)

454

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

67(3

18

ndash 4

24)

421

(lt L

OD

ndash 8

90)

831

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

46)

393

(35

5 ndash

447

)9

69(8

60

ndash 10

9)

112

(97

4 ndash

155

)61

7G

ende

rM

ales

334

(28

5 ndash

392

)lt

LOD

620

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

11)

354

(32

4 ndash

404

)10

1(9

39

ndash 11

9)

129

(10

9 ndash

140

)76

7Fe

mal

es3

54(3

04

ndash 4

12)

334

(lt L

OD

ndash 9

36)

941

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

41)

366

(33

3 ndash

423

)11

0(8

65

ndash 14

7)

147

(11

9 ndash

177

)83

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

338

(28

3 ndash

403

)lt

LOD

dagger6

92(lt

LO

D ndash

14

6)3

69(3

32

ndash 4

29)

105

(74

0 ndash

230

)13

3dagger

(87

8 ndash

238

)34

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

81(3

39

ndash 4

29)

673

dagger(lt

LO

D ndash

14

7)1

43(lt

LO

D ndash

17

2)3

83(3

46

ndash 4

50)

108

(94

1 ndash

150

)13

4dagger

(11

0 ndash

201

)28

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

336

(27

9 ndash

405

)lt

LOD

613

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

15)

354

(31

6 ndash

423

)10

1(9

13

ndash 12

6)

136

(11

4 ndash

168

)86

3lt

LO

D m

eans

less

than

the

limit

of d

etec

tion

whi

ch m

ay v

ary

for s

ome

com

poun

ds b

y ye

ar S

ee A

ppen

dix

D fo

r LO

D

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 2

4 6

Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6



Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

02

46

02

4


Females Males

























Tabl

e 2

26a

1 P

lasm

a ne

rvon

ic a

cid

(24

1n-9

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

749

(72

4 ndash

774

)45

6(4

29

ndash 47

8)

498

(45

9 ndash

520

)75

0(7

20

ndash 77

7)

116

(112

ndash 1

21)

126

(122

ndash 1

34)

169

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

722

(68

7 ndash

758

)44

5(4

01

ndash 45

9)

478

(44

5 ndash

516

)72

1(6

78

ndash 77

2)

109

(103

ndash 1

15)

118

(112

ndash 1

26)

573

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

743

(71

5 ndash

771

)46

4(3

49

ndash 50

4)

512

(46

2 ndash

532

)74

1(7

14

ndash 77

6)

109

(105

ndash 1

21)

123

(113

ndash 1

40)

492

60 y

ears

and

old

er81

0(7

77

ndash 84

6)

441

(41

8 ndash

499

)50

7(4

46

ndash 53

2)

799

(77

2 ndash

848

)12

8(1

21 ndash

138

)13

7(1

29 ndash

161

)63

1G

ende

rM

ales

720

(69

5 ndash

745

)44

3(4

03

ndash 45

9)

470

(44

5 ndash

509

)71

9(6

98

ndash 74

4)

109

(105

ndash 1

14)

118

(113

ndash 1

27)

816

Fem

ales

777

(74

8 ndash

807

)47

9(4

46

ndash 50

0)

516

(47

0 ndash

553

)77

6(7

43

ndash 80

0)

121

(116

ndash 1

26)

131

(124

ndash 1

41)

880

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s74

4(7

10

ndash 78

0)

464

dagger(3

26

ndash 52

8)

514

(43

8 ndash

543

)76

0(7

11

ndash 77

9)

108

(101

ndash 1

21)

115dagger

(108

ndash 1

57)

373

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

773

(72

1 ndash

828

)44

4dagger

(23

7 ndash

492

)49

3(3

89

ndash 53

8)

775

(72

6 ndash

818

)12

3(1

15 ndash

131

)12

9dagger(1

24 ndash

161

)28

8N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

741

(71

3 ndash

770

)45

0(4

25

ndash 46

4)

492

(45

4 ndash

518

)74

0(7

10

ndash 77

4)

117

(111

ndash 1

22)

127

(122

ndash 1

35)

914

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 50

10

0 15

0

Plas

ma

nerv

onic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

nerv

onic

aci

dPl

asm

a ne

rvon

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 0

50

100


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

27a

1 P

lasm

a lin

olei

c ac

id (1

82n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

345

0(3

390

ndash 3

510

)2

210

(20

70 ndash

23

00)

237

0(2

310

ndash 2

450

)3

430

(33

70 ndash

35

20)

498

0(4

810

ndash 5

190

)5

410

(51

40 ndash

58

40)

180

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

334

0(3

260

ndash 3

410

)2

150

(18

30 ndash

22

90)

234

0(2

200

ndash 2

460

)3

310

(32

40 ndash

33

70)

481

0(4

630

ndash 5

230

)5

250

(49

10 ndash

62

60)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

352

0(3

440

ndash 3

600

)2

230

(17

40 ndash

23

60)

242

0(2

250

ndash 2

570

)3

500

(34

10 ndash

36

20)

506

0(4

830

ndash 5

610

)5

550

(51

10 ndash

58

80)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

520

(34

30 ndash

36

00)

225

0(1

960

ndash 2

320

)2

360

(22

80 ndash

24

90)

357

0(3

480

ndash 3

640

)5

090

(48

70 ndash

52

20)

544

0(5

160

ndash 5

890

)68

1G

ende

rM

ales

338

0(3

300

ndash 3

470

)2

240

(21

20 ndash

23

10)

234

0(2

310

ndash 2

410

)3

360

(32

40 ndash

34

50)

490

0(4

640

ndash 5

360

)5

240

(50

90 ndash

58

10)

863

Fem

ales

350

0(3

430

ndash 3

580

)2

170

(19

10 ndash

23

40)

242

0(2

300

ndash 2

540

)3

530

(34

50 ndash

36

00)

504

0(4

880

ndash 5

280

)5

500

(51

00 ndash

59

00)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s3

730

(35

70 ndash

39

00)

232

0dagger(1

840

ndash 2

480

)2

490

(23

30 ndash

26

10)

366

0(3

510

ndash 3

900

)5

800

(52

70 ndash

65

70)

632

0dagger(5

810

ndash 7

000

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

210

(30

90 ndash

33

40)

214

0dagger(1

850

ndash 2

200

)2

250

(21

10 ndash

23

60)

313

0(3

030

ndash 3

230

)4

610

(44

60 ndash

48

10)

496

0dagger(4

640

ndash 8

680

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

344

0(3

370

ndash 3

510

)2

210

(20

20 ndash

23

00)

236

0(2

270

ndash 2

500

)3

440

(33

60 ndash

35

40)

495

0(4

800

ndash 5

080

)5

190

(50

50 ndash

57

80)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

00

4000

60

00

Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6000



Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 20

00

4000

60

00

0 20

00

4000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

28a

1 P

lasm

a al

pha-

linol

enic

aci

d (1

83n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

631

(60

5 ndash

658

)25

2(2

14

ndash 27

5)

300

(26

0 ndash

331

)61

4(5

89

ndash 63

7)

137

(128

ndash 1

51)

165

(153

ndash 1

92)

180

1A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

581

(55

8 ndash

606

)24

9(1

99

ndash 26

6)

273

(25

2 ndash

303

)57

5(5

52

ndash 59

9)

127

(117

ndash 1

50)

159

(137

ndash 2

21)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

650

(60

7 ndash

696

)25

1(1

43

ndash 30

3)

308

(22

7 ndash

356

)61

2(5

82

ndash 66

9)

134

(127

ndash 1

62)

174

(157

ndash 2

03)

513

60 y

ears

and

old

er69

0(6

52

ndash 73

0)

293

(20

8 ndash

332

)33

5(2

84

ndash 36

4)

683

(64

9 ndash

723

)14

3(1

38 ndash

154

)15

9(1

47 ndash

234

)67

8G

ende

rM

ales

621

(58

8 ndash

655

)23

0(1

70

ndash 26

2)

276

(22

4 ndash

317

)59

9(5

73

ndash 64

2)

142

(128

ndash 1

72)

173

(155

ndash 2

10)

859

Fem

ales

641

(61

1 ndash

672

)27

2(2

36

ndash 30

6)

328

(27

5 ndash

347

)62

4(5

99

ndash 65

5)

131

(123

ndash 1

50)

158

(146

ndash 1

84)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s69

0(6

38

ndash 74

5)

239

dagger(2

01

ndash 30

7)

318

(24

3 ndash

361

)66

2(5

96

ndash 73

9)

160

(135

ndash 2

46)

199dagger

(159

ndash 4

21)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

538

(50

4 ndash

574

)24

5dagger

(13

3 ndash

288

)28

8(2

37

ndash 30

8)

505

(48

2 ndash

531

)11

5(1

07 ndash

147

)14

9dagger(1

21 ndash

362

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

633

(59

9 ndash

668

)25

2(2

00

ndash 27

5)

295

(25

8 ndash

330

)62

3(5

89

ndash 65

7)

133

(124

ndash 1

53)

157

(143

ndash 1

93)

986

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 50

10

0 15

0

Plas

ma

alph

aminuslin

olen

icac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

150



Plas

ma

alph

aminuslin

olen

icPl

asm

a al

phaminus

linol

enic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 0

50

100


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

29a

1 P

lasm

a ga

mm

a-lin

olen

ic a

cid

(18

3n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

469

(45

0 ndash

490

)17

1(1

37

ndash 19

1)

202

(19

0 ndash

220

)49

0(4

64

ndash 51

5)

100

(94

2 ndash

106)

117

(107

ndash 1

27)

179

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

417

(39

4 ndash

441

)15

0(1

26

ndash 17

7)

193

(15

1 ndash

212

)41

9(3

87

ndash 46

5)

851

(79

1 ndash

105)

998

(86

2 ndash

140)

603

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

510

(48

4 ndash

538

)18

4(1

50

ndash 19

4)

204

(18

3 ndash

240

)53

3(5

01

ndash 56

4)

108

(96

5 ndash

118)

121

(113

ndash 1

29)

513

60 y

ears

and

old

er49

6(4

59

ndash 53

6)

183

(14

4 ndash

203

)22

0(2

03

ndash 23

6)

512

(46

1 ndash

570

)10

2(9

74

ndash 11

9)11

5(1

04 ndash

142

)67

9G

ende

rM

ales

480

(45

5 ndash

506

)17

1(1

31

ndash 20

3)

220

(18

7 ndash

235

)50

0(4

80

ndash 52

4)

992

(90

5 ndash

120)

120

(105

ndash 1

29)

855

Fem

ales

460

(43

7 ndash

484

)16

8(1

28

ndash 19

1)

195

(17

0 ndash

216

)47

2(4

40

ndash 50

6)

100

(92

8 ndash

106)

110

(106

ndash 1

28)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s41

8(3

81

ndash 45

8)

126

dagger(6

25

ndash 15

0)

151

(99

0 ndash

186

)43

1(3

84

ndash 49

9)

940

(89

7 ndash

115)

116dagger

(96

3 ndash

132)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

425

(40

4 ndash

447

)16

5dagger

(14

9 ndash

183

)20

6(1

58

ndash 23

1)

428

(40

0 ndash

464

)84

1(7

67

ndash 11

2)10

5dagger(8

67

ndash 13

8)30

9N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

488

(46

1 ndash

516

)19

2(1

39

ndash 21

3)

221

(19

7 ndash

238

)50

5(4

75

ndash 53

2)

101

(93

4 ndash

108)

117

(105

ndash 1

28)

981

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icacid (μ

molL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icPlasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icacid (μ

molL)

acid (μ

molL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

80



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

30a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cosa

dien

oic

acid

(20

2n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

212

(20

7 ndash

218

)11

2(1

05

ndash 11

6)

124

(11

9 ndash

128

)20

9(2

03

ndash 21

6)

369

(35

1 ndash

399

)42

2(3

99

ndash 47

3)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

202

(19

5 ndash

209

)10

4(9

44

ndash 11

0)

113

(10

7 ndash

120

)19

4(1

86

ndash 20

3)

385

(35

8 ndash

432

)43

9(4

07

ndash 50

1)

607

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

215

(20

6 ndash

223

)11

7(1

03

ndash 12

2)

128

(11

8 ndash

137

)21

2(2

03

ndash 22

4)

354

(33

9 ndash

403

)42

0(3

81

ndash 47

5)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er22

8(2

21

ndash 23

5)

129

(10

6 ndash

140

)14

3(1

31

ndash 15

3)

231

(22

3 ndash

236

)35

4(3

37

ndash 37

4)

386

(36

6 ndash

466

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

204

(19

7 ndash

212

)11

4(1

06

ndash 11

9)

126

(11

8 ndash

130

)20

2(1

93

ndash 21

1)

329

(31

3 ndash

371

)40

0(3

51

ndash 44

9)

865

Fem

ales

220

(21

3 ndash

227

)11

0(1

04

ndash 11

4)

122

(11

4 ndash

130

)21

7(2

10

ndash 22

3)

385

(36

4 ndash

438

)46

5(4

09

ndash 49

6)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s25

2(2

35

ndash 27

1)

114

dagger(8

60

ndash 13

3)

133

(11

3 ndash

144

)24

9(2

28

ndash 26

6)

495

(43

2 ndash

693

)55

0dagger

(49

5 ndash

121)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

192

(18

3 ndash

201

)10

8dagger

(90

0 ndash

112

)11

4(1

05

ndash 12

5)

190

(18

1 ndash

197

)33

5(2

84

ndash 40

5)

363

dagger(3

46

ndash 51

6)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s20

9(2

03

ndash 21

5)

112

(98

3 ndash

118

)12

3(1

17

ndash 12

9)

207

(20

1 ndash

214

)35

0(3

35

ndash 38

1)

407

(36

9 ndash

465

)99

0dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

eico

sadi

enoi

cac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

40



Plas

ma

eico

sadi

enoi

cPl

asm

a ei

cosa

dien

oic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30


Females Males





















Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

31a

1 P

lasm

a ho

mo-

gam

ma-

linol

enic

aci

d (2

03n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

151

(147

ndash 1

56)

732

(67

9 ndash

796

)87

5(8

46

ndash 89

9)

151

(145

ndash 1

56)

262

(254

ndash 2

74)

289

(281

ndash 3

20)

180

6

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s14

5(1

40 ndash

149

)71

5(5

77

ndash 78

3)

849

(75

9 ndash

913

)13

9(1

35 ndash

146

)25

1(2

39 ndash

276

)28

1(2

62 ndash

317

)60

940

ndash59

year

s15

5(1

47 ndash

163

)72

0(6

77

ndash 86

3)

883

(83

1 ndash

940

)15

6(1

47 ndash

164

)26

5(2

58 ndash

286

)31

2(2

84 ndash

337

)51

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

156

(148

ndash 1

64)

770

(62

8 ndash

840

)86

6(7

77

ndash 92

8)

158

(148

ndash 1

67)

262

(254

ndash 2

85)

288

(275

ndash 3

57)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es14

5(1

39 ndash

153

)72

8(6

22

ndash 76

4)

861

(76

4 ndash

900

)14

4(1

35 ndash

153

)25

2(2

37 ndash

277

)28

1(2

60 ndash

373

)86

4Fe

mal

es15

7(1

52 ndash

162

)72

9(6

79

ndash 84

9)

885

(84

7 ndash

930

)15

6(1

50 ndash

163

)27

2(2

61 ndash

287

)30

4(2

87 ndash

321

)94

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

166

(154

ndash 1

79)

822

dagger(5

89

ndash 89

6)

920

(77

8 ndash

101)

167

(153

ndash 1

80)

297

(260

ndash 3

63)

330dagger

(295

ndash 7

16)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

131

(128

ndash 1

35)

700

dagger(5

28

ndash 75

7)

767

(70

3 ndash

855

)13

1(1

27 ndash

136

)20

3(1

96 ndash

230

)22

3dagger(2

06 ndash

276

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

152

(146

ndash 1

59)

760

(67

7 ndash

846

)88

9(8

49

ndash 92

9)

152

(144

ndash 1

57)

261

(250

ndash 2

81)

287

(275

ndash 3

24)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

0 20

0 30

0

Plas

ma

hom

ominusga

mm

aminuslin

olen

icac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

hom

ominusga

mm

aminuslin

olen

icPl

asm

a ho

mominus

gam

maminus

linol

enic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 0

100

200



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

32a

1 P

lasm

a ar

achi

doni

c ac

id (2

04n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

776

(761

ndash 7

91)

445

(418

ndash 4

63)

484

(456

ndash 5

00)

789

(772

ndash 8

05)

118

0(1

150

ndash 1

230

)1

320

(12

40 ndash

14

20)

180

7

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s73

5(7

16 ndash

755

)42

9(3

86 ndash

455

)47

9(4

45 ndash

504

)73

7(7

13 ndash

761

)1

110

(10

50 ndash

12

30)

123

0(1

140

ndash 1

380

)61

040

ndash59

year

s79

3(7

72 ndash

814

)44

5(3

72 ndash

470

)48

0(4

50 ndash

496

)80

8(7

85 ndash

829

)1

220

(11

60 ndash

13

60)

138

0(1

260

ndash 1

560

)51

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

819

(798

ndash 8

41)

448

(421

ndash 4

80)

502

(460

ndash 5

35)

841

(814

ndash 8

68)

120

0(1

180

ndash 1

260

)1

430

(13

10 ndash

14

90)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es76

4(7

44 ndash

785

)45

2(4

24 ndash

473

)48

0(4

55 ndash

495

)78

0(7

56 ndash

806

)1

150

(10

90 ndash

12

20)

123

0(1

160

ndash 1

460

)86

4Fe

mal

es78

7(7

69 ndash

806

)42

9(3

86 ndash

465

)49

0(4

36 ndash

520

)79

2(7

69 ndash

821

)1

220

(11

80 ndash

13

00)

137

0(1

320

ndash 1

460

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

722

(678

ndash 7

68)

419dagger

(376

ndash 4

32)

440

(396

ndash 4

87)

726

(675

ndash 7

68)

111

0(1

040

ndash 1

310

)1

290dagger

(11

40 ndash

14

60)

376

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

884

(839

ndash 9

32)

526dagger

(226

ndash 5

72)

576

(493

ndash 6

11)

883

(831

ndash 9

41)

133

0(1

260

ndash 1

580

)1

520dagger

(13

60 ndash

17

70)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s77

3(7

52 ndash

795

)44

5(4

19 ndash

463

)48

5(4

46 ndash

511

)78

5(7

67 ndash

807

)1

160

(11

20 ndash

12

20)

126

0(1

190

ndash 1

480

)99

1dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

0 10

00

1500

Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

1500



Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

0 10

00

1500

0

500

1000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

33a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cosa

pent

aeno

ic a

cid

(20

5n-3

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

421

(39

5 ndash

450

)14

8(1

18

ndash 16

1)

171

(15

7 ndash

186

)40

9(3

76

ndash 43

8)

113

(103

ndash 1

38)

151

(136

ndash 1

76)

180

6

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s35

9(3

38

ndash 38

1)

135

(91

0 ndash

149

)15

8(1

36

ndash 16

8)

342

(32

0 ndash

362

)10

6(8

43

ndash 13

7)13

4(1

10 ndash

193

)60

940

ndash59

year

s45

5(4

18

ndash 49

5)

171

(14

6 ndash

174

)19

0(1

71

ndash 20

8)

450

(41

0 ndash

483

)11

4(1

02 ndash

153

)15

6(1

34 ndash

200

)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

485

(43

3 ndash

544

)15

3(7

79

ndash 19

9)

200

(11

8 ndash

231

)49

4(4

35

ndash 53

8)

132

(111

ndash 1

62)

175

(139

ndash 2

07)

682

Gen

der

Mal

es43

1(3

98

ndash 46

6)

157

(11

2 ndash

169

)17

1(1

55

ndash 20

1)

414

(37

6 ndash

451

)12

1(1

03 ndash

150

)15

6(1

36 ndash

199

)86

3Fe

mal

es41

3(3

87

ndash 44

1)

141

(11

2 ndash

157

)16

9(1

52

ndash 18

3)

401

(37

5 ndash

431

)11

1(9

99

ndash 14

3)14

6(1

18 ndash

177

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

310

(28

7 ndash

335

)8

80dagger

(60

3 ndash

109

)10

9(7

53

ndash 15

3)

314

(28

4 ndash

354

)77

1(6

90

ndash 86

4)

865

dagger(7

91

ndash 98

9)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

388

(34

7 ndash

434

)14

9dagger

(10

8 ndash

161

)16

7(1

44

ndash 18

8)

361

(33

0 ndash

416

)11

3(9

53

ndash 16

9)14

1dagger(1

14 ndash

247

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

435

(39

8 ndash

477

)15

8(1

16

ndash 17

3)

181

(14

9 ndash

208

)42

6(3

81

ndash 46

0)

112

(101

ndash 1

42)

152

(133

ndash 1

77)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma eicosape

ntaeno

icacid (μ

molL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plasma eicosape

ntaeno

icPlasma eicosape

ntaeno

icacid (μ

molL)

acid (μ

molL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

80



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

34a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

tetr

aeno

ic a

cid

(22

4n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

250

(24

4 ndash

256

)12

1(1

04

ndash 13

1)

144

(13

3 ndash

149

)24

7(2

41

ndash 25

6)

430

(41

6 ndash

447

)47

7(4

54

ndash 53

5)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

244

(23

4 ndash

254

)12

2(1

04

ndash 13

8)

143

(13

1 ndash

150

)23

9(2

31

ndash 24

9)

411

(38

8 ndash

460

)47

1(4

28

ndash 58

0)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

255

(24

5 ndash

264

)11

2(9

62

ndash 12

9)

143

(12

0 ndash

154

)25

0(2

43

ndash 26

6)

445

(42

1 ndash

462

)50

0(4

50

ndash 63

4)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er25

3(2

46

ndash 26

0)

126

(93

4 ndash

144

)14

8(1

29

ndash 15

8)

257

(24

5 ndash

266

)42

2(3

96

ndash 45

3)

471

(44

7 ndash

495

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

253

(24

4 ndash

262

)11

8(9

72

ndash 13

1)

145

(13

5 ndash

149

)25

0(2

43

ndash 26

1)

424

(41

0 ndash

449

)46

8(4

46

ndash 58

2)

865

Fem

ales

247

(24

0 ndash

255

)12

2(9

93

ndash 13

9)

143

(13

0 ndash

151

)24

5(2

36

ndash 25

6)

437

(41

4 ndash

459

)48

0(4

48

ndash 56

3)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s27

5(2

56

ndash 29

5)

131

dagger(1

12

ndash 15

6)

158

(12

9 ndash

166

)27

4(2

51

ndash 29

6)

473

(45

9 ndash

533

)58

5dagger

(48

0 ndash

669

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks26

0(2

51

ndash 26

8)

134

dagger(9

11

ndash 15

0)

150

(13

2 ndash

167

)25

8(2

43

ndash 26

8)

450

(42

0 ndash

467

)50

4dagger

(46

1 ndash

729

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

248

(23

9 ndash

256

)12

1(1

00

ndash 13

5)

145

(13

0 ndash

151

)24

6(2

39

ndash 25

6)

419

(39

6 ndash

447

)47

2(4

45

ndash 56

1)

992

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30

40



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

35a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

ic-3

aci

d (2

25n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

416

(40

2 ndash

431

)22

1(1

72

ndash 23

8)

245

(22

8 ndash

258

)41

4(4

00

ndash 42

8)

727

(69

7 ndash

767

)82

9(7

85

ndash 92

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

381

(37

1 ndash

390

)20

0(1

51

ndash 22

7)

232

(20

9 ndash

244

)38

0(3

68

ndash 39

3)

630

(58

0 ndash

733

)73

0(6

55

ndash 95

1)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

431

(41

1 ndash

453

)22

2(1

35

ndash 24

3)

249

(20

6 ndash

269

)43

2(4

06

ndash 46

0)

770

(72

6 ndash

810

)84

9(7

94

ndash 10

5)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

455

(42

3 ndash

488

)24

5(1

17

ndash 26

7)

265

(23

6 ndash

285

)45

7(4

28

ndash 49

1)

740

(70

7 ndash

819

)82

0(7

66

ndash 97

8)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es42

8(4

10

ndash 44

8)

242

(15

0 ndash

256

)26

2(2

47

ndash 27

1)

425

(40

6 ndash

441

)72

7(6

81

ndash 81

6)

872

(78

7 ndash

972

)86

5Fe

mal

es40

5(3

91

ndash 42

0)

205

(13

6 ndash

228

)23

1(2

07

ndash 24

5)

406

(38

8 ndash

420

)72

7(6

78

ndash 78

6)

804

(75

5 ndash

898

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

399

(37

2 ndash

429

)16

9dagger

(12

1 ndash

223

)22

4(1

41

ndash 25

0)

400

(36

4 ndash

441

)71

5(6

78

ndash 79

3)

809

dagger(7

25

ndash 11

2)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks38

9(3

68

ndash 41

0)

201

dagger(1

75

ndash 21

5)

223

(20

6 ndash

238

)38

1(3

62

ndash 40

0)

645

(62

0 ndash

801

)85

0dagger

(67

0 ndash

108)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s42

1(4

01

ndash 44

1)

228

(15

6 ndash

242

)24

7(2

25

ndash 26

7)

422

(40

4 ndash

438

)71

7(6

79

ndash 78

5)

812

(75

5 ndash

927

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 2

0 40

60

Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus3ac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus3Pl

asm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

icminus3

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 2

0 40

60

0 2

0 40

60



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

36a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

ic-6

aci

d (2

25n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

196

(18

9 ndash

204

)8

56(7

60

ndash 9

46)

980

(93

0 ndash

105

)19

3(1

86

ndash 20

1)

390

(36

1 ndash

424

)46

5(4

29

ndash 52

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

195

(18

6 ndash

205

)9

15(8

17

ndash 9

51)

988

(92

5 ndash

111

)18

8(1

79

ndash 20

0)

414

(35

5 ndash

463

)47

8(4

51

ndash 54

4)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

194

(18

4 ndash

204

)8

37(4

40

ndash 9

67)

980

(77

9 ndash

111

)19

0(1

83

ndash 20

5)

360

(34

5 ndash

391

)41

6(3

72

ndash 50

8)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er20

3(1

95

ndash 21

2)

800

(58

8 ndash

884

)9

63(8

26

ndash 10

8)

205

(19

5 ndash

215

)41

4(3

79

ndash 48

4)

521

(46

8 ndash

580

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

186

(17

7 ndash

197

)8

11(6

96

ndash 9

23)

966

(88

3 ndash

104

)18

6(1

78

ndash 19

3)

346

(32

2 ndash

405

)42

8(3

86

ndash 45

2)

865

Fem

ales

206

(19

8 ndash

214

)8

92(7

74

ndash 9

55)

995

(93

0 ndash

112

)20

5(1

92

ndash 21

7)

419

(38

5 ndash

478

)50

6(4

64

ndash 59

0)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s23

5(2

10

ndash 26

2)

104

dagger(6

86

ndash 11

5)

116

(89

4 ndash

135

)22

8(1

97

ndash 27

1)

476

(44

2 ndash

560

)53

6dagger

(48

5 ndash

602

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks21

3(2

03

ndash 22

4)

927

dagger(5

89

ndash 10

3)

102

(93

5 ndash

116

)20

8(1

97

ndash 22

4)

430

(40

4 ndash

504

)50

6dagger

(45

0 ndash

632

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

191

(18

3 ndash

199

)8

15(7

49

ndash 9

20)

967

(85

2 ndash

106

)18

9(1

83

ndash 19

8)

360

(34

0 ndash

409

)45

2(4

07

ndash 51

4)

992

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus6ac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus6Pl

asm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

icminus6

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30

40



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

37a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

hexa

enoi

c ac

id (2

26n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

125

(118

ndash 1

33)

549

(52

4 ndash

578

)61

1(5

62

ndash 65

2)

121

(114

ndash 1

28)

277

(248

ndash 3

10)

323

(302

ndash 3

72)

180

8

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s11

5(1

08 ndash

122

)54

3(4

55

ndash 57

3)

581

(53

6 ndash

625

)11

1(1

02 ndash

119

)25

4(2

28 ndash

316

)31

6(2

75 ndash

484

)61

040

ndash59

year

s12

5(1

15 ndash

136

)54

1(5

02

ndash 58

3)

606

(53

8 ndash

656

)12

1(1

11 ndash

136

)27

2(2

37 ndash

303

)30

5(2

90 ndash

400

)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

145

(135

ndash 1

56)

645

(54

8 ndash

704

)73

5(5

62

ndash 81

9)

142

(132

ndash 1

54)

305

(268

ndash 3

58)

373

(330

ndash 3

98)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es11

7(1

10 ndash

125

)53

9(4

93

ndash 55

7)

579

(54

0 ndash

624

)11

4(1

07 ndash

123

)25

3(2

29 ndash

299

)30

3(2

77 ndash

368

)86

5Fe

mal

es13

3(1

25 ndash

141

)57

8(4

83

ndash 63

0)

652

(56

1 ndash

720

)12

7(1

21 ndash

135

)29

3(2

58 ndash

323

)33

7(3

15 ndash

385

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

111

(105

ndash 1

19)

544

dagger(4

64

ndash 58

0)

588

(55

2 ndash

602

)11

1(9

98

ndash 12

3)21

1(1

91 ndash

251

)25

0dagger(2

18 ndash

342

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks14

0(1

24 ndash

157

)64

9dagger

(47

5 ndash

724

)72

5(5

94

ndash 80

3)

133

(118

ndash 1

52)

304

(254

ndash 4

25)

348dagger

(321

ndash 4

16)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s12

2(1

13 ndash

130

)54

7(5

13

ndash 56

2)

595

(55

0 ndash

646

)11

7(1

10 ndash

127

)25

9(2

41 ndash

294

)31

5(2

83 ndash

375

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e



0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 25

0

Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 25

0 0

50

100

150

200



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)






















































a a a a a

a b b b

b

b

b c c

b b

b

c

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Total population


Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

1988-1994 1999-2002 2005-2006

















Tabl

e 2

1a

1 S

erum

vit

amin

A C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

547

(53

8 ndash

556

)29

6(2

87

ndash 30

5)

325

(31

8 ndash

332

)55

2(5

42

ndash 56

1)

878

(85

6 ndash

905

)96

7(9

31

ndash 10

1)7

254

Age

gro

up6ndash

11 y

ears

364

(35

6 ndash

372

)22

8(1

99

ndash 24

8)

256

(24

3 ndash

269

)36

6(3

59

ndash 37

3)

524

(49

1 ndash

543

)54

4(5

33

ndash 57

3)

860

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

465

(45

4 ndash

477

)28

9(2

86

ndash 29

6)

320

(30

6 ndash

330

)46

0(4

46

ndash 47

5)

696

(66

9 ndash

731

)75

7(7

14

ndash 82

9)

195

420

ndash39

year

s54

3(5

33

ndash 55

3)

312

(29

2 ndash

321

)33

9(3

22

ndash 35

1)

547

(53

5 ndash

556

)84

4(8

19

ndash 87

9)

891

(87

2 ndash

933

)1

688

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

587

(57

7 ndash

597

)33

1(3

14

ndash 34

2)

368

(36

0 ndash

380

)59

5(5

81

ndash 60

4)

903

(87

2 ndash

943

)10

0(9

47

ndash 10

7)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er64

4(6

28

ndash 66

1)

364

(31

6 ndash

388

)40

2(3

82

ndash 43

0)

649

(63

1 ndash

670

)99

8(9

62

ndash 10

2)10

8(1

05 ndash

115

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es57

2(5

63

ndash 58

2)

303

(29

2 ndash

312

)33

6(3

27

ndash 34

8)

580

(57

1 ndash

590

)89

0(8

65

ndash 93

0)

100

(93

3 ndash

104)

354

7Fe

mal

es52

4(5

13

ndash 53

5)

289

(27

7 ndash

301

)31

9(3

12

ndash 32

6)

524

(50

8 ndash

538

)85

9(8

33

ndash 88

7)

948

(89

8 ndash

103)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

484

(47

3 ndash

495

)27

8(2

62

ndash 28

6)

303

(29

3 ndash

312

)48

8(4

68

ndash 50

2)

737

(71

9 ndash

770

)82

1(7

62

ndash 88

4)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks48

3(4

73

ndash 49

3)

257

(23

8 ndash

275

)28

8(2

76

ndash 29

8)

481

(47

0 ndash

495

)82

0(7

84

ndash 85

5)

897

(86

1 ndash

936

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s57

4(5

64

ndash 58

4)

315

(30

6 ndash

324

)34

8(3

30

ndash 36

2)

579

(56

8 ndash

590

)89

8(8

76

ndash 93

3)

100

(95

6 ndash

104)

297

3


0 20

40 60

80

Serum vita

min A

(μgdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80



Serum vita

min A

Serum vita

min A

(μgdL

) (μgdL

) 0

20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

i

i i

70

i i i

i i

i

i

i

i

i i

i i

i

i

i i

i i i

i i

i

i i

i

i i i

40

60

80

100

95th

Per

cent

ile

i i i

i i

i i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i i i

i

i i

i

i i



60

50

40

30

40

35

30

25

20

15

i

i i

i

i i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i

i i

i

i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6





Sample size

Prevalence

(95 conf interval)





Sample size











Tabl

e 2

2a

1 S

erum

reti

nyl p

alm

itat

e C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

211

(20

5 ndash

217

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

08(1

99

ndash 2

17)

567

(53

5 ndash

603

)7

35(6

93

ndash 7

96)

694

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs2

15(2

01

ndash 2

29)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

214

(19

3 ndash

227

)5

01(4

70

ndash 5

81)

618

(56

7 ndash

884

)82

712

ndash19

year

s1

90(1

84

ndash 1

97)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

183

(17

4 ndash

194

)4

78(4

51

ndash 5

37)

619

(57

7 ndash

677

)1

865

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

213

(20

4 ndash

223

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

18(2

03

ndash 2

29)

500

(46

7 ndash

536

)6

31(5

70

ndash 7

62)

162

040

ndash59

year

s2

14(2

04

ndash 2

25)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

212

(20

0 ndash

224

)6

15(5

46

ndash 6

80)

758

(67

4 ndash

910

)1

315

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

14(2

01

ndash 2

28)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

204

(18

8 ndash

223

)6

87(6

04

ndash 8

01)

880

(78

6 ndash

117

)1

319

Gen

der

Mal

es2

15(2

08

ndash 2

23)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

214

(20

4 ndash

224

)5

89(5

50

ndash 6

32)

726

(67

8 ndash

826

)3

397

Fem

ales

207

(20

1 ndash

212

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

01(1

94

ndash 2

11)

551

(49

6 ndash

612

)7

45(6

53

ndash 8

14)

354

9Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

185

(17

8 ndash

191

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D1

78(1

69

ndash 1

88)

477

(44

0 ndash

518

)5

69(5

19

ndash 7

49)

174

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks2

04(1

90

ndash 2

19)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

203

(18

4 ndash

220

)5

00(4

65

ndash 5

76)

636

(57

0 ndash

756

)1

842

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s2

17(2

10

ndash 2

25)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

217

(20

4 ndash

227

)6

02(5

60

ndash 6

49)

782

(70

4 ndash

874

)2

838

lt LO

D m

eans

less

than

the

limit

of d

etec

tion

whi

ch m

ay v

ary

for s

ome

com

poun

ds b

y ye

ar S

ee A

ppen

dix

D fo

r LO

D


0 1

2 3

4

Seru

m re

tinyl

pal

mita

te(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4



Seru

m re

tinyl

pal

mita

teSe

rum

retin

yl p

alm

itate

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

01

23

4 0

12

3


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)






8

(

( ( (

( ( (

(

( (

( (

( (

(

( (

( (

(

(

(

( (

( ( (

( (

5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

6

4

2

25

20

15

10

05

08

07

06

05

04

03

(

(

(

(

(

(

( (

(

( (

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

( (

(

(

(

( (

(

(

(

(

(

( (

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6





Tabl

e 2

3a

1 S

erum

reti

nyl s

tear

ate

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

131

(12

3 ndash

148

)1

95(1

79

ndash 2

09)

669

8A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

33(1

08

ndash 1

97)

197

(16

5 ndash

408

)79

212

ndash19

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D9

11(7

43 ndash

11

4)1

48(1

18

ndash 2

00)

180

120

ndash39

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D9

47(8

50 ndash

10

9)1

32(1

14

ndash 1

76)

155

540

ndash59

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

35(1

23

ndash 1

63)

200

(16

8 ndash

231

)1

262

60 y

ears

and

old

er

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

93(1

59

ndash 2

58)

277

(22

6 ndash

358

)1

288

Gen

der

Mal

es

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

40(1

29

ndash 1

54)

194

(18

6 ndash

205

)3

276

Fem

ales

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

125

(10

9 ndash

148

)1

99(1

62

ndash 2

34)

342

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

933

(792

ndash 1

19)

135

(10

8 ndash

207

)1

739

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

896

(829

ndash 1

10)

138

(11

0 ndash

171

)1

699

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

50(1

36

ndash 1

64)

206

(19

3 ndash

236

)2

747

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD

Not

cal

cula

ted

Pro

port

ion

of re

sults

bel

ow li

mit

of d

etec

tion

was

too

high

to p

rovi

de a

val

id re

sult





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




2

4

6

8

10

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

2

4

6

8

10

50th

Per

cent

ile

0

5

10

15

95th

Per

cent

ile





Tabl

e 2

4a

1 S

erum

vit

amin

E C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

109

0(1

070

ndash 1

120

)57

8(5

63 ndash

587

)63

1(6

20 ndash

642

)1

060

(10

30 ndash

10

80)

209

0(2

010

ndash 2

180

)2

460

(23

10 ndash

26

00)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs82

0(8

00 ndash

841

)54

6(5

18 ndash

573

)58

3(5

63 ndash

601

)80

6(7

88 ndash

826

)1

200

(11

20 ndash

13

70)

136

0(1

230

ndash 1

510

)86

012

ndash19

year

s77

0(7

57 ndash

783

)49

7(4

66 ndash

519

)52

7(5

16 ndash

541

)75

9(7

49 ndash

767

)1

160

(11

30 ndash

12

00)

132

0(1

240

ndash 1

450

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

102

0(9

98 ndash

10

40)

590

(559

ndash 6

19)

645

(621

ndash 6

68)

100

0(9

80 ndash

10

20)

173

0(1

620

ndash 1

900

)1

940

(18

10 ndash

23

80)

168

840

ndash59

year

s1

230

(11

90 ndash

12

60)

702

(656

ndash 7

21)

749

(724

ndash 7

69)

120

0(1

160

ndash 1

240

)2

210

(20

80 ndash

24

00)

251

0(2

260

ndash 3

110

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er1

400

(13

60 ndash

14

40)

704

(611

ndash 7

50)

783

(733

ndash 8

35)

139

0(1

330

ndash 1

430

)2

600

(25

10 ndash

26

60)

290

0(2

710

ndash 3

130

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es1

060

(10

40 ndash

10

90)

559

(543

ndash 5

75)

610

(594

ndash 6

25)

103

0(1

010

ndash 1

070

)2

010

(19

30 ndash

20

90)

236

0(2

160

ndash 2

520

)3

547

Fem

ales

112

0(1

090

ndash 1

140

)59

6(5

85 ndash

612

)65

3(6

39 ndash

664

)1

080

(10

50 ndash

11

00)

217

0(2

080

ndash 2

260

)2

510

(23

70 ndash

26

60)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

101

0(9

80 ndash

10

40)

581

(553

ndash 5

99)

623

(602

ndash 6

37)

976

(945

ndash 1

000

)1

790

(17

50 ndash

18

70)

212

0(1

960

ndash 2

330

)1

844

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

933

(915

ndash 9

51)

548

(530

ndash 5

59)

588

(581

ndash 6

01)

903

(884

ndash 9

18)

166

0(1

560

ndash 1

750

)1

800

(17

40 ndash

20

80)

189

1N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

114

0(1

110

ndash 1

160

)58

4(5

66 ndash

596

)64

3(6

24 ndash

658

)1

110

(10

80 ndash

11

40)

217

0(2

090

ndash 2

270

)2

520

(24

20 ndash

26

90)

297

3



050

010

0015

0020

00

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


050

010

0015

0020

00


Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)




050

010

0015

0020

00

Seru

m v

itam

in E

(microg

dL)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




400

500

600

700

800

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

600

800

1000

1200

50th

Per

cent

ile

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

95th

Per

cent

ile





Sample size

Prevalence

(95 conf interval)







Tabl

e 2

5a

1 S

erum

gam

ma-

toco

pher

ol C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

188

(180

ndash 1

96)

535

(49

6 ndash

599

)70

4(6

29

ndash 75

4)

196

(187

ndash 2

04)

424

(408

ndash 4

46)

489

(464

ndash 5

19)

721

7A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs18

2(1

71 ndash

193

)68

1(5

52

ndash 85

2)

915

(71

3 ndash

992

)17

9(1

69 ndash

193

)35

3(3

33 ndash

390

)39

2(3

67 ndash

455

)85

812

ndash19

year

s17

9(1

71 ndash

188

)75

5(6

20

ndash 81

8)

890

(79

8 ndash

938

)18

4(1

75 ndash

194

)32

4(3

11 ndash

343

)37

6(3

44 ndash

413

)1

942

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

194

(184

ndash 2

05)

654

(50

6 ndash

767

)81

9(7

53

ndash 93

8)

200

(192

ndash 2

09)

423

(401

ndash 4

60)

489

(447

ndash 5

53)

167

540

ndash59

year

s20

1(1

92 ndash

212

)53

0(4

65

ndash 61

2)

690

(56

1 ndash

800

)21

3(2

03 ndash

221

)45

2(4

37 ndash

498

)54

5(4

92 ndash

604

)1

358

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

5(1

54 ndash

177

)45

1(4

14

ndash 49

8)

524

(49

7 ndash

575

)17

6(1

61 ndash

192

)42

2(4

03 ndash

462

)48

6(4

61 ndash

539

)1

384

Gen

der

Mal

es19

2(1

84 ndash

200

)54

9(4

86

ndash 63

3)

745

(62

4 ndash

808

)19

8(1

89 ndash

206

)43

4(4

11 ndash

471

)50

5(4

78 ndash

564

)3

528

Fem

ales

184

(175

ndash 1

94)

524

(49

4 ndash

585

)67

7(6

01

ndash 73

5)

194

(183

ndash 2

03)

419

(400

ndash 4

41)

464

(444

ndash 4

97)

368

9Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

204

(192

ndash 2

17)

804

(64

2 ndash

863

)93

8(8

40

ndash 10

2)20

9(1

95 ndash

222

)43

7(3

90 ndash

503

)50

4(4

63 ndash

585

)1

841

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

214

(198

ndash 2

31)

706

(52

2 ndash

855

)92

0(6

74

ndash 10

6)21

9(2

04 ndash

235

)42

9(4

08 ndash

488

)50

9(4

57 ndash

550

)1

865

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s18

2(1

73 ndash

191

)51

2(4

67

ndash 55

0)

651

(57

4 ndash

723

)19

0(1

79 ndash

200

)42

3(4

07 ndash

445

)48

5(4

54 ndash

531

)2

965



010

020

030

0

Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


010

020

030

0


Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)




010

020

030

0

Seru

m g

amm

aminusto

coph

erol

(microg

dL)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




0

50

100

150

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

3minus5y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

6minus11y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

12minus19y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

20+y

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

99minus0

001

minus02

05minus0

6

150

200

250

300

50th

Per

cent

ile

300

400

500

600

95th

Per

cent

ile




Tabl

e 2

6a

1 S

erum

alp

ha-c

arot

ene

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

276

(25

4 ndash

299

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

63(2

40

ndash 2

84)

141

(12

4 ndash

165

)19

5(1

76

ndash 23

7)

724

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs2

64(2

32

ndash 3

01)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

259

(23

1 ndash

290

)11

5(9

30

ndash 15

1)

157

(11

6 ndash

347

)86

012

ndash19

year

s1

85(1

69

ndash 2

03)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

172

(15

3 ndash

191

)7

91(6

65

ndash 10

2)

108

(89

6 ndash

152

)1

950

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

248

(22

4 ndash

274

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

36(2

06

ndash 2

69)

113

(10

1 ndash

147

)16

3(1

27

ndash 23

6)

168

440

ndash59

year

s3

15(2

85

ndash 3

47)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

301

(27

2 ndash

336

)17

0(1

45

ndash 21

9)

271

(20

3 ndash

359

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

42(3

05

ndash 3

83)

lt LO

D7

11(lt

LO

D ndash

811

)3

33(2

86

ndash 3

86)

170

(14

0 ndash

198

)21

6(1

93

ndash 25

9)

138

7G

ende

rM

ales

237

(22

0 ndash

255

)lt

LOD

lt LO

D2

23(2

06

ndash 2

39)

115

(99

2 ndash

139

)16

1(1

32

ndash 20

9)

354

4Fe

mal

es3

18(2

89

ndash 3

50)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

301

(27

4 ndash

332

)16

4(1

46

ndash 18

4)

239

(19

4 ndash

300

)3

702

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s2

99(2

79

ndash 3

21)

lt LO

D8

24(7

49 ndash

889

)2

87(2

61

ndash 3

21)

108

(10

5 ndash

125

)14

8(1

39

ndash 16

6)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks1

98(1

74

ndash 2

26)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

171

(14

9 ndash

199

)11

0(8

83

ndash 14

8)

152

(12

4 ndash

331

)1

890

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s2

80(2

60

ndash 3

02)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

267

(24

7 ndash

289

)14

4(1

28

ndash 16

7)

202

(18

1 ndash

242

)2

966

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD


0 2

4 6

Seru

m a

lpha

minuscar

oten

e(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6



Seru

m a

lpha

minuscar

oten

eSe

rum

alp

haminusc

arot

ene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

02

46

02

4


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




075

080

085

090

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

10

15

20

25

30

35

50th

Per

cent

ile

5

10

15

20

95th

Per

cent

ile





Tabl

e 2

7a

1 S

erum

tran

s-be

ta-c

arot

ene

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

121

(11

5 ndash

128

)2

32(1

98

ndash 2

67)

318

(29

2 ndash

342

)11

6(1

11

ndash 12

3)

533

(49

1 ndash

593

)74

1(6

81

ndash 83

3)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs13

0(1

21

ndash 14

0)

414

(26

7 ndash

505

)5

15(4

11

ndash 5

61)

127

(11

8 ndash

136

)37

7(2

99

ndash 49

2)

476

(39

6 ndash

100)

860

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

924

(87

6 ndash

975

)2

59(2

05

ndash 2

96)

320

(28

7 ndash

352

)8

96(8

30

ndash 9

66)

283

(26

3 ndash

307

)35

3(3

13

ndash 41

8)

195

420

ndash39

year

s10

4(9

63

ndash 11

3)

241

(14

0 ndash

281

)3

01(2

79

ndash 3

23)

997

(91

4 ndash

109

)41

6(3

69

ndash 53

3)

595

(48

7 ndash

851

)1

688

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

128

(11

9 ndash

139

)1

94(1

36

ndash 2

20)

269

(21

5 ndash

341

)12

4(1

16

ndash 13

4)

630

(53

5 ndash

738

)79

2(7

33

ndash 97

9)

136

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

164

(15

1 ndash

177

)2

80(2

64

ndash 3

20)

390

(34

3 ndash

417

)15

9(1

45

ndash 17

8)

746

(66

3 ndash

834

)10

2(8

59

ndash 14

3)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es10

3(9

89

ndash 10

8)

196

(14

0 ndash

225

)2

77(2

28

ndash 3

06)

103

(96

2 ndash

109

)40

8(3

68

ndash 46

4)

543

(49

4 ndash

662

)3

547

Fem

ales

142

(13

3 ndash

151

)2

93(2

45

ndash 3

23)

377

(35

1 ndash

405

)13

2(1

20

ndash 14

4)

645

(58

3 ndash

736

)84

7(7

59

ndash 10

2)3

707

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s11

5(1

05

ndash 12

7)

267

(21

9 ndash

306

)3

49(3

15

ndash 3

86)

113

(10

4 ndash

124

)39

2(3

51

ndash 46

5)

486

(46

2 ndash

594

)1

844

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

108

(97

2 ndash

120

)2

29(2

00

ndash 2

54)

302

(25

7 ndash

336

)10

5(9

31

ndash 11

4)

450

(38

3 ndash

537

)57

4(5

14

ndash 73

5)

189

1N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

123

(11

6 ndash

131

)2

20(1

90

ndash 2

65)

306

(28

0 ndash

341

)11

8(1

12

ndash 12

6)

569

(50

4 ndash

649

)76

2(7

23

ndash 93

3)

297

3



010

2030

Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

FemalesMales


010

2030


Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)




010

2030

Seru

m tr

ansminus

beta

minuscar

oten

e(micro

gdL

)

Females

Age (years)


Males

Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




2

3

4

5

6

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

8

10

12

14

16

50th

Per

cent

ile

20

40

60

80

95th

Per

cent

ile




Tabl

e 2

8a

1 S

erum

cis

-bet

a-ca

rote

ne C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

320

(28

7 ndash

364

)4

48(3

93

ndash 5

11)

661

6A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

95(1

63

ndash 2

68)

267

(21

6 ndash

422

)77

912

ndash19

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D1

47(1

33

ndash 1

81)

187

(15

8 ndash

239

)1

785

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

251

(20

8 ndash

319

)3

74(2

88

ndash 5

09)

152

840

ndash59

year

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

730

(lt L

OD

ndash 7

83)

373

(32

1 ndash

444

)4

84(4

34

ndash 5

50)

125

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

108

(985

ndash 1

17)

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

903

(811

ndash 9

92)

459

(39

3 ndash

532

)6

53(5

17

ndash 8

65)

127

0G

ende

rM

ales

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

226

(19

9 ndash

260

)3

09(2

67

ndash 3

91)

320

4Fe

mal

es

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

759

(708

ndash 8

16)

388

(36

0 ndash

448

)5

27(4

71

ndash 6

32)

341

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

lt

LOD

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

226

(19

7 ndash

259

)2

80(2

48

ndash 3

46)

170

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D2

81(2

37

ndash 3

38)

351

(31

7 ndash

461

)1

673

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s

lt LO

Dlt

LOD

lt LO

D3

44(3

06

ndash 3

82)

471

(41

1 ndash

520

)2

725

lt L

OD

mea

ns le

ss th

an th

e lim

it of

det

ectio

n w

hich

may

var

y fo

r som

e co

mpo

unds

by

year

See

App

endi

x D

for L

OD

Not

cal

cula

ted

Pro

port

ion

of re

sults

bel

ow li

mit

of d

etec

tion

was

too

high

to p

rovi

de a

val

id re

sult





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




070

075

080

085

5th

Perc

entil

e

Total(6+y)

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

3minus5y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

6minus11y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

12minus19y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

20+y

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Males

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

Females

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

MA

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHB

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

NHW

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

070

075

080

085

50th

Per

cent

ile

1

2

3

4

5

95th

Per

cent

ile





Tabl

e 2

9a

1 S

erum

bet

a-cr

ypto

xant

hin

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n microg

dL)

for t

he to

tal U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 6

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

5ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

770

(73

4 ndash

808

)1

90(1

63

ndash 2

06)

246

(22

6 ndash

263

)7

62(7

24

ndash 7

99)

241

(22

5 ndash

264

)30

5(2

87

ndash 33

2)

719

5A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs9

47(8

88

ndash 10

1)

341

(26

8 ndash

369

)3

90(3

32

ndash 4

23)

914

(85

2 ndash

966

)24

9(2

30

ndash 28

7)

304

(27

1 ndash

423

)85

512

ndash19

year

s7

82(7

42

ndash 8

23)

256

(21

3 ndash

297

)3

20(2

91

ndash 3

50)

749

(70

1 ndash

799

)20

3(1

88

ndash 23

4)

255

(23

6 ndash

272

)1

924

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

795

(75

2 ndash

840

)2

33(1

84

ndash 2

53)

278

(25

0 ndash

297

)7

81(7

31

ndash 8

18)

245

(21

7 ndash

288

)31

7(2

88

ndash 38

0)

167

940

ndash59

year

s7

24(6

60

ndash 7

94)

148

(11

4 ndash

192

)2

16(1

80

ndash 2

40)

703

(65

0 ndash

782

)24

8(2

15

ndash 29

2)

303

(27

7 ndash

411

)1

357

60 y

ears

and

old

er7

39(6

86

ndash 7

97)

152

(13

8 ndash

162

)1

98(1

62

ndash 2

25)

748

(70

3 ndash

813

)24

2(2

27

ndash 27

6)

319

(27

8 ndash

352

)1

380

Gen

der

Mal

es7

51(7

10

ndash 7

94)

186

(14

2 ndash

214

)2

41(2

10

ndash 2

70)

749

(71

2 ndash

788

)22

8(2

15

ndash 25

0)

284

(26

4 ndash

309

)3

514

Fem

ales

789

(75

3 ndash

827

)1

93(1

68

ndash 2

10)

254

(22

4 ndash

269

)7

74(7

28

ndash 8

14)

255

(23

4 ndash

281

)32

5(3

00

ndash 37

1)

368

1Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

130

(11

8 ndash

143

)3

45(3

15

ndash 3

89)

442

(38

7 ndash

486

)12

9(1

19

ndash 14

2)

362

(32

4 ndash

454

)46

2(4

07

ndash 63

0)

184

2N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks8

34(7

88

ndash 8

84)

232

(20

2 ndash

251

)2

89(2

59

ndash 3

11)

823

(78

0 ndash

881

)23

6(2

08

ndash 27

8)

298

(26

9 ndash

356

)1

848

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s6

94(6

59

ndash 7

32)

166

(14

7 ndash

192

)2

26(2

07

ndash 2

44)

696

(66

2 ndash

738

)20

5(1

97

ndash 21

9)

255

(23

3 ndash

282

)2

960


0 5

10

15

20

Seru

m b

etaminus

cryp

toxa

nthi

n(μ

gdL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Seru

m b

etaminus

cryp

toxa

nthi

nSe

rum

bet

aminuscr

ypto

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 5

1015

20

0 5

1015


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

40

30

20

10

16

14

12

10

8

6

5

4

3

2

1

1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1

1

1 1

1 1

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6




Tabl

e 2

10a

1 S

erum

lute

inz

eaxa

nthi

n C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

138

(13

4 ndash

142

)4

95(4

69

ndash 5

19)

590

(56

8 ndash

618

)13

7(1

32

ndash 14

1)

313

(30

3 ndash

332

)38

5(3

70

ndash 40

0)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs13

1(1

26

ndash 13

7)

574

(41

3 ndash

647

)6

70(5

50

ndash 7

67)

133

(12

8 ndash

139

)24

5(2

35

ndash 27

4)

290

(27

3 ndash

302

)86

012

ndash19

year

s10

7(1

03

ndash 11

1)

491

(43

9 ndash

518

)5

67(5

21

ndash 5

91)

106

(10

0 ndash

111

)20

0(1

91

ndash 21

1)

227

(21

4 ndash

251

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

136

(13

1 ndash

141

)4

94(4

24

ndash 5

46)

591

(51

9 ndash

641

)13

6(1

29

ndash 14

4)

293

(27

7 ndash

321

)35

2(3

17

ndash 40

0)

168

840

ndash59

year

s14

5(1

38

ndash 15

2)

462

(40

2 ndash

531

)5

82(5

28

ndash 6

13)

145

(13

7 ndash

152

)35

7(3

33

ndash 37

8)

408

(38

5 ndash

461

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er15

5(1

49

ndash 16

2)

527

(47

2 ndash

583

)6

44(6

02

ndash 6

69)

157

(15

0 ndash

165

)35

9(3

28

ndash 40

3)

425

(39

7 ndash

512

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es13

6(1

31

ndash 14

0)

492

(44

8 ndash

530

)5

93(5

42

ndash 6

35)

135

(13

0 ndash

141

)30

7(2

87

ndash 31

4)

357

(33

3 ndash

390

)3

547

Fem

ales

140

(13

5 ndash

144

)4

98(4

62

ndash 5

26)

589

(56

9 ndash

613

)13

8(1

33

ndash 14

4)

328

(31

0 ndash

357

)39

9(3

84

ndash 41

5)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

151

(14

5 ndash

158

)6

36(5

62

ndash 6

79)

741

(67

9 ndash

783

)15

0(1

44

ndash 15

6)

313

(29

2 ndash

341

)35

5(3

32

ndash 40

8)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks15

3(1

48

ndash 15

8)

588

(52

0 ndash

637

)7

03(6

33

ndash 7

71)

154

(15

0 ndash

158

)31

5(2

94

ndash 35

1)

380

(34

8 ndash

417

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s13

2(1

28

ndash 13

6)

474

(44

6 ndash

496

)5

70(5

33

ndash 5

88)

129

(12

5 ndash

134

)30

9(2

91

ndash 32

8)

375

(34

4 ndash

399

)2

973


0 1

0 20

30

Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30



Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

Seru

m lu

tein

zea

xant

hin

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

35

30

25

20

15

16

14

12

10

8

8

7

6

5

4

i i

i i i

i i

i i

i i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i i i

i

i i i

i

i i i

i

i

i i

i i

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6






Tabl

e 2

11a

1 S

erum

tran

s-ly

cope

ne C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

212

(20

7 ndash

217

)5

64(4

99

ndash 6

25)

781

(73

3 ndash

840

)22

7(2

22

ndash 23

2)

436

(42

4 ndash

449

)48

4(4

75

ndash 49

8)

725

4A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs21

7(2

05

ndash 22

9)

767

(52

7 ndash

929

)9

48(7

38

ndash 10

9)

225

(21

1 ndash

237

)42

8(4

00

ndash 46

0)

461

(44

0 ndash

548

)86

012

ndash19

year

s21

9(2

11

ndash 22

6)

842

(73

1 ndash

878

)9

91(8

98

ndash 11

0)

223

(21

8 ndash

229

)42

6(4

02

ndash 45

1)

468

(44

4 ndash

527

)1

954

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

239

(23

3 ndash

244

)8

24(7

38

ndash 8

96)

107

(89

7 ndash

114

)25

1(2

43

ndash 25

6)

461

(44

1 ndash

472

)51

6(4

89

ndash 53

5)

168

840

ndash59

year

s21

6(2

04

ndash 22

8)

513

(37

6 ndash

634

)7

69(6

02

ndash 8

98)

232

(22

1 ndash

244

)44

6(4

25

ndash 47

1)

500

(47

2 ndash

559

)1

365

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

4(1

54

ndash 17

4)

375

(26

9 ndash

436

)5

19(4

32

ndash 5

97)

178

(16

8 ndash

190

)38

8(3

73

ndash 40

7)

444

(40

7 ndash

465

)1

387

Gen

der

Mal

es21

8(2

10

ndash 22

6)

579

(45

4 ndash

670

)7

85(6

99

ndash 8

89)

234

(22

6 ndash

243

)44

7(4

37

ndash 47

0)

521

(49

0 ndash

557

)3

547

Fem

ales

206

(20

0 ndash

212

)5

47(4

93

ndash 6

39)

776

(70

9 ndash

840

)22

2(2

15

ndash 22

6)

423

(41

2 ndash

439

)46

3(4

51

ndash 48

8)

370

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

195

(19

1 ndash

200

)7

04(6

09

ndash 7

33)

880

(78

3 ndash

929

)20

2(1

96

ndash 20

9)

380

(36

4 ndash

402

)42

5(3

98

ndash 49

9)

184

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks22

0(2

09

ndash 23

2)

629

(54

6 ndash

699

)8

11(7

39

ndash 8

77)

235

(22

6 ndash

247

)47

0(4

47

ndash 49

5)

535

(51

0 ndash

573

)1

891

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s21

3(2

08

ndash 21

9)

546

(48

3 ndash

626

)7

69(7

04

ndash 8

47)

230

(22

4 ndash

235

)43

8(4

24

ndash 45

2)

485

(47

3 ndash

506

)2

973


0 1

0 20

30

Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30



Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

Seru

m tr

ansminus

lyco

pene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

12

10

8

6

4

2

i i

i

i

i

i

i i i i

i

i

i

i

i

i i

i

i

i i i i

i i i

i i i

i

i

i i

i i

i

i

i

i i

i

i i

i

i

i i

i i i i

i i

i i i i

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6

01minus0

2

05minus0

6






Tabl

e 2

12a

1 S

erum

tota

l lyc

open

e C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

ser

um c

once

ntra

tions

(in

microgd

L) fo

r the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

6 y

ears

and

old

er N

atio

nal H

ealth

an

d N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

005ndash

2006

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 6

year

s an

d ol

der

394

(38

5 ndash

402

)11

3(1

04

ndash 12

6)

154

(14

6 ndash

161

)41

8(4

10

ndash 42

6)

808

(78

8 ndash

825

)90

7(8

79

ndash 94

7)

714

9A

ge g

roup

6ndash11

yea

rs39

7(3

75

ndash 42

0)

149

(10

7 ndash

178

)18

8(1

51

ndash 19

9)

409

(38

5 ndash

441

)78

4(7

48

ndash 82

5)

830

(80

6 ndash

105)

851

12ndash1

9 ye

ars

395

(38

2 ndash

408

)15

4(1

29

ndash 17

4)

191

(17

2 ndash

209

)40

6(3

96

ndash 42

0)

739

(71

5 ndash

790

)82

8(7

81

ndash 93

4)

190

720

ndash39

year

s43

8(4

27

ndash 44

9)

159

(14

0 ndash

178

)20

0(1

70

ndash 21

8)

452

(43

8 ndash

466

)83

3(8

14

ndash 86

1)

927

(87

4 ndash

993

)1

667

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

405

(38

2 ndash

429

)10

6(7

35

ndash 13

2)

150

(12

4 ndash

171

)43

1(4

11

ndash 45

3)

841

(79

9 ndash

892

)97

2(9

07

ndash 10

3)1

346

60 y

ears

and

old

er31

5(2

98

ndash 33

2)

808

(69

6 ndash

957

)10

7(9

50

ndash 12

4)

335

(31

4 ndash

359

)72

8(6

95

ndash 76

4)

817

(76

3 ndash

894

)1

378

Gen

der

Mal

es40

6(3

93

ndash 42

0)

114

(92

8 ndash

132

)15

6(1

39

ndash 17

3)

435

(42

2 ndash

447

)84

5(8

16

ndash 86

9)

952

(89

9 ndash

103)

349

3Fe

mal

es38

2(3

71

ndash 39

3)

111

(10

3 ndash

129

)15

3(1

42

ndash 16

4)

401

(38

9 ndash

416

)77

6(7

51

ndash 80

5)

860

(81

9 ndash

921

)3

656

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s36

2(3

53

ndash 37

1)

137

(11

8 ndash

143

)16

6(1

53

ndash 17

9)

374

(36

1 ndash

389

)70

5(6

70

ndash 74

0)

793

(74

1 ndash

913

)1

818

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

413

(39

2 ndash

435

)12

9(1

09

ndash 14

2)

167

(14

3 ndash

180

)43

1(4

11

ndash 45

5)

864

(83

0 ndash

895

)97

2(9

15

ndash 10

7)1

846

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s39

6(3

86

ndash 40

6)

109

(97

2 ndash

125

)15

1(1

42

ndash 16

0)

424

(41

3 ndash

433

)81

1(7

89

ndash 82

9)

897

(87

2 ndash

948

)2

943


0 20

40 60

Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

(μg

dL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

60



Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

Seru

m to

tal l

ycop

ene

(μg

dL)

(μg

dL)

0 2

0 40

60

0 2

0 40


Females


Males

40minus59 60+


6minus11 12minus19

Age (years)


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




























































a a

a a

a

a

b b b

b

b

b

b b b

b

c

b

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total population


Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Seru

m 2

5-hy

drox

yvita

min

D (n

mol

L)

1988-1994 2001-2002 2003-2006









a

b

c

a

b

c

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Mexican American

Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Mexican American

Non- Hispanic

black

Non- Hispanic

white

Prev

alen

ce (

)


a

b

c

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Prev

alen

ce (

)


lt 40 nmolL

Non-Hispanic white





213a1)










Tabl

e 2

13a

1 S

erum

25-

hydr

oxyv

itam

in D

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of s

erum

con

cent

ratio

ns (i

n nm

olL

) for

the

tota

l US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

1 y

ear a

nd o

lder

Nat

iona

l Hea

lth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

06

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 1

year

and

old

er55

6(5

36

ndash 57

6)

185

(17

4 ndash

197

)23

2(2

14

ndash 25

0)

580

(56

3 ndash

599

)96

6(9

39

ndash 10

1)10

8(1

05 ndash

112

)16

604

Age

gro

up1ndash

5 ye

ars

686

(66

7 ndash

705

)36

9(3

29

ndash 38

8)

416

(39

5 ndash

434

)68

8(6

69

ndash 70

6)

996

(95

7 ndash

107)

107

(102

ndash 1

21)

179

96ndash

11 y

ears

638

(61

6 ndash

661

)30

5(2

73

ndash 31

6)

353

(32

0 ndash

387

)64

5(6

30

ndash 66

1)

972

(92

5 ndash

108)

105

(98

4 ndash

122)

176

812

ndash19

year

s55

1(5

24

ndash 58

0)

180

(15

6 ndash

201

)22

7(1

98

ndash 25

1)

576

(55

3 ndash

601

)98

4(9

43

ndash 10

8)11

1(1

06 ndash

123

)4

044

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

545

(52

1 ndash

570

)17

6(1

59

ndash 19

0)

218

(20

3 ndash

233

)56

6(5

44

ndash 58

9)

102

(97

2 ndash

108)

115

(110

ndash 1

22)

326

240

ndash59

year

s53

6(5

13

ndash 56

0)

178

(16

3 ndash

189

)21

7(1

98

ndash 23

6)

560

(54

1 ndash

581

)94

3(9

05

ndash 98

3)

103

(98

0 ndash

110)

266

060

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

541

(52

4 ndash

558

)19

1(1

81

ndash 20

1)

231

(21

6 ndash

246

)56

9(5

54

ndash 58

5)

919

(89

5 ndash

950

)10

0(9

66

ndash 10

6)3

071

Gen

der

Mal

es56

7(5

47

ndash 58

7)

207

(18

6 ndash

223

)25

8(2

38

ndash 27

3)

589

(57

1 ndash

607

)94

0(9

07

ndash 97

7)

103

(98

6 ndash

109)

814

5Fe

mal

es54

5(5

25

ndash 56

6)

176

(16

2 ndash

185

)21

2(1

98

ndash 22

5)

572

(55

2 ndash

592

)99

4(9

61

ndash 10

6)11

2(1

08 ndash

117

)8

459

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s48

7(4

63

ndash 51

2)

182

(16

8 ndash

194

)21

5(1

96

ndash 23

3)

499

(47

7 ndash

534

)81

8(7

92

ndash 84

7)

882

(85

4 ndash

920

)4

275

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

361

(34

3 ndash

380

)12

0(1

10

ndash 12

8)

143

(13

5 ndash

151

)36

6(3

42

ndash 39

1)

709

(68

5 ndash

737

)79

0(7

49

ndash 82

2)

434

9N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

619

(60

3 ndash

634

)24

9(2

33

ndash 25

9)

310

(29

1 ndash

326

)63

2(6

18

ndash 64

6)

102

(97

8 ndash

106)

113

(110

ndash 1

17)

669

8


0 20

40 60

80

Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

(nmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80



Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

Serum 25minus

hydroxyvita

min D

(nmolL)

(nmolL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)



140

120

5th

Perc

entil

e 50

th P

erce

ntile

95th

Per

cent

ile

100

80

60

80

70

60

50

40

30

50

40

30

20

10


01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6

01minus0

203

minus04

05minus0

6






Sample size






Sample size






Sample size






Sample size


































































1

10

100

1000

10000



eom

etric

mea

n (

mol

L)

20

30

40

50

60

A

b

a a

10


EPA

( m

olL

)

180

160

40

20

0

b

a

b


DH

A (

mol

L)

140

120

100

80

60











Tabl

e 2

14a

1 P

lasm

a m

yris

tic

acid

(14

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

119

(113

ndash 1

25)

425

(39

9 ndash

451

)48

1(4

62

ndash 50

5)

116

(108

ndash 1

23)

308

(282

ndash 3

53)

392

(360

ndash 4

38)

179

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

110

(104

ndash 1

17)

390

(31

1 ndash

425

)45

0(4

25

ndash 46

8)

106

(99

0 ndash

118)

301

(252

ndash 3

70)

370

(330

ndash 5

33)

603

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

126

(117

ndash 1

36)

462

(41

4 ndash

479

)51

8(4

72

ndash 56

4)

120

(109

ndash 1

32)

329

(287

ndash 4

01)

410

(383

ndash 4

81)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er12

1(1

12 ndash

131

)44

5(3

79

ndash 47

5)

502

(46

3 ndash

545

)12

0(1

12 ndash

127

)30

0(2

43 ndash

366

)32

9(3

07 ndash

426

)67

9G

ende

rM

ales

120

(112

ndash 1

29)

406

(34

0 ndash

451

)47

6(4

48

ndash 52

6)

118

(105

ndash 1

29)

320

(285

ndash 3

84)

414

(366

ndash 5

08)

856

Fem

ales

117

(111

ndash 1

24)

446

(39

5 ndash

459

)48

3(4

59

ndash 50

8)

115

(107

ndash 1

21)

303

(258

ndash 3

59)

365

(325

ndash 4

34)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s12

6(1

10 ndash

144

)41

6dagger

(39

1 ndash

475

)48

5(4

06

ndash 52

3)

124

(108

ndash 1

44)

342

(304

ndash 4

70)

408dagger

(349

ndash 1

810

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks85

8(7

89

ndash 93

3)

328

dagger(2

79

ndash 38

3)

398

(30

2 ndash

435

)84

3(7

20

ndash 95

0)

223

(178

ndash 2

83)

261dagger

(229

ndash 4

10)

309

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s12

3(1

16 ndash

131

)45

6(3

84

ndash 47

8)

509

(46

5 ndash

558

)11

9(1

10 ndash

127

)31

0(2

86 ndash

364

)39

6(3

58 ndash

464

)98

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0

Plas

ma

myr

istic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

myr

istic

aci

dPl

asm

a m

yris

tic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 0

50

100

150


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

15a

1 P

lasm

a pa

lmit

ic a

cid

(16

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

271

0(2

640

ndash 2

780

)1

570

(14

20 ndash

16

10)

169

0(1

610

ndash 1

770

)2

630

(25

40 ndash

27

30)

471

0(4

500

ndash 5

030

)5

370

(51

80 ndash

56

30)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

254

0(2

470

ndash 2

610

)1

440

(13

30 ndash

15

50)

159

0(1

480

ndash 1

670

)2

450

(23

80 ndash

25

40)

455

0(4

000

ndash 5

330

)5

340

(47

40 ndash

68

60)

609

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

278

0(2

680

ndash 2

880

)1

600

(13

30 ndash

17

50)

183

0(1

650

ndash 1

910

)2

650

(25

30 ndash

28

00)

475

0(4

560

ndash 5

320

)5

410

(52

60 ndash

57

60)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

890

(27

90 ndash

29

90)

175

0(1

610

ndash 1

860

)1

910

(17

60 ndash

19

70)

282

0(2

740

ndash 2

940

)4

630

(43

90 ndash

51

60)

522

0(4

830

ndash 5

790

)68

2G

ende

rM

ales

270

0(2

590

ndash 2

810

)1

560

(13

80 ndash

16

50)

167

0(1

570

ndash 1

790

)2

610

(25

00 ndash

27

10)

473

0(4

400

ndash 5

320

)5

630

(50

90 ndash

60

90)

863

Fem

ales

272

0(2

640

ndash 2

800

)1

570

(14

00 ndash

16

10)

171

0(1

660

ndash 1

780

)2

640

(25

40 ndash

27

60)

466

0(4

450

ndash 5

270

)5

350

(49

70 ndash

55

00)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s2

880

(27

10 ndash

30

50)

150

0dagger(1

310

ndash 1

710

)1

750

(15

00 ndash

18

30)

275

0(2

620

ndash 2

970

)5

430

(45

80 ndash

63

10)

598

0dagger(5

640

ndash 6

380

)37

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks2

450

(23

40 ndash

25

70)

154

0dagger(1

250

ndash 1

580

)1

590

(13

20 ndash

17

30)

233

0(2

240

ndash 2

480

)4

020

(36

10 ndash

45

10)

457

0dagger(4

050

ndash 8

480

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

272

0(2

630

ndash 2

810

)1

570

(13

80 ndash

16

10)

169

0(1

600

ndash 1

780

)2

650

(25

50 ndash

27

30)

472

0(4

430

ndash 5

270

)5

350

(49

30 ndash

56

40)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4000



Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

Plas

ma

palm

itic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

0

1000

20

00

3000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

16a

1 P

lasm

a st

eari

c ac

id (1

80)

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

692

(678

ndash 7

06)

432

(411

ndash 4

44)

471

(440

ndash 4

84)

684

(663

ndash 7

05)

104

0(1

020

ndash 1

100

)1

180

(11

30 ndash

12

70)

180

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

649

(635

ndash 6

64)

420

(362

ndash 4

37)

444

(422

ndash 4

68)

638

(624

ndash 6

59)

998

(922

ndash 1

120

)1

150

(10

30 ndash

14

70)

609

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

718

(698

ndash 7

38)

430

(383

ndash 4

73)

481

(426

ndash 5

24)

711

(682

ndash 7

33)

110

0(1

040

ndash 1

160

)1

210

(11

30 ndash

13

50)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er72

4(7

03 ndash

746

)47

1(4

30 ndash

489

)51

1(4

73 ndash

534

)73

1(6

97 ndash

763

)1

030

(976

ndash 1

120

)1

130

(10

40 ndash

13

10)

682

Gen

der

Mal

es69

0(6

71 ndash

710

)43

3(4

08 ndash

469

)47

2(4

40 ndash

483

)67

3(6

44 ndash

711

)1

090

(10

30 ndash

12

00)

128

0(1

170

ndash 1

360

)86

4Fe

mal

es69

4(6

77 ndash

712

)42

1(3

99 ndash

441

)46

2(4

33 ndash

489

)68

9(6

67 ndash

712

)1

030

(975

ndash 1

080

)1

140

(10

80 ndash

11

90)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s71

0(6

77 ndash

745

)44

0dagger(4

11 ndash

467

)47

5(4

34 ndash

492

)71

0(6

66 ndash

748

)1

150

(10

30 ndash

13

20)

121

0dagger(1

170

ndash 1

330

)37

4N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks67

6(6

55 ndash

697

)44

0dagger(3

56 ndash

471

)47

3(4

35 ndash

495

)66

9(6

45 ndash

693

)96

1(9

01 ndash

11

30)

113

0dagger(9

98 ndash

20

10)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s69

2(6

76 ndash

709

)42

1(4

08 ndash

441

)46

5(4

30 ndash

485

)68

6(6

63 ndash

709

)1

040

(10

20 ndash

10

90)

117

0(1

090

ndash 1

270

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

0 10

00

Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

1000



Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

Plas

ma

stea

ric a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

0 10

00

0 50

0

20minus39 40minus59

Females


Males

60+


20minus39

Age (years)


Age (years)

60+




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

17a

1 P

lasm

a ar

achi

dic

acid

(20

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

234

(23

0 ndash

239

)15

1(1

44

ndash 15

5)

162

(15

4 ndash

167

)23

2(2

29

ndash 23

6)

336

(32

5 ndash

359

)36

7(3

50

ndash 39

1)

175

7A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

222

(21

6 ndash

229

)14

8(1

33

ndash 15

2)

156

(15

0 ndash

162

)22

1(2

14

ndash 23

0)

316

(30

3 ndash

340

)33

9(3

24

ndash 36

6)

592

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

239

(23

3 ndash

245

)15

4(1

44

ndash 16

3)

168

(15

6 ndash

175

)23

5(2

29

ndash 24

2)

340

(32

4 ndash

368

)36

9(3

42

ndash 43

6)

500

60 y

ears

and

old

er24

8(2

41

ndash 25

4)

156

(13

7 ndash

163

)16

7(1

56

ndash 18

0)

249

(23

8 ndash

257

)36

1(3

38

ndash 38

6)

386

(36

5 ndash

422

)66

5G

ende

rM

ales

223

(21

8 ndash

228

)14

4(1

27

ndash 15

2)

155

(14

5 ndash

163

)22

0(2

17

ndash 22

3)

320

(31

4 ndash

328

)33

8(3

25

ndash 36

4)

843

Fem

ales

245

(23

9 ndash

251

)15

9(1

50

ndash 16

5)

169

(16

1 ndash

177

)24

3(2

37

ndash 25

1)

357

(33

6 ndash

384

)38

5(3

64

ndash 42

2)

914

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s22

5(2

13

ndash 23

8)

135

dagger(1

14

ndash 15

6)

156

(12

7 ndash

168

)22

4(2

11

ndash 23

7)

327

(31

2 ndash

355

)35

1dagger

(33

2 ndash

410

)36

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks23

2(2

21

ndash 24

3)

146

dagger(9

41

ndash 15

3)

154

(13

6 ndash

167

)22

7(2

19

ndash 23

5)

334

(31

2 ndash

408

)35

9dagger

(33

6 ndash

766

)30

7N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

236

(23

0 ndash

242

)15

3(1

41

ndash 15

8)

163

(15

3 ndash

168

)23

5(2

29

ndash 24

0)

341

(32

6 ndash

369

)37

5(3

56

ndash 39

5)

962

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

20 30

Plas

ma

arac

hidi

c ac

id(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

30



Plas

ma

arac

hidi

c ac

idPl

asm

a ar

achi

dic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30

0 1

0 20


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

18a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

noic

aci

d (2

20)

Con

cent

rati

ons

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

693

(67

7 ndash

710

)41

5(3

81

ndash 43

2)

452

(42

9 ndash

476

)69

5(6

80

ndash 71

4)

102

(99

0 ndash

108)

110

(106

ndash 1

17)

173

9

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s66

5(6

51

ndash 67

9)

426

(38

0 ndash

443

)46

1(4

30

ndash 48

1)

665

(65

0 ndash

685

)97

4(9

44

ndash 98

7)

999

(98

3 ndash

104)

589

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

718

(68

5 ndash

752

)41

6(2

01

ndash 45

2)

464

(40

2 ndash

495

)74

0(6

83

ndash 76

6)

105

(99

0 ndash

111)

111

(106

ndash 1

34)

496

60 y

ears

and

old

er70

2(6

82

ndash 72

4)

392

(31

7 ndash

429

)43

0(4

01

ndash 46

2)

709

(68

1 ndash

734

)10

9(1

05 ndash

114

)11

5(1

11 ndash

128

)65

4G

ende

rM

ales

658

(64

0 ndash

677

)39

3(3

42

ndash 42

4)

430

(39

7 ndash

451

)66

2(6

42

ndash 68

3)

964

(94

9 ndash

982

)10

5(9

82

ndash 11

1)83

4Fe

mal

es72

8(7

04

ndash 75

2)

434

(40

5 ndash

470

)48

4(4

51

ndash 50

3)

737

(70

7 ndash

756

)10

6(1

02 ndash

111

)11

3(1

08 ndash

128

)90

5Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

644

(61

3 ndash

677

)39

0dagger

(35

4 ndash

418

)42

0(3

74

ndash 46

5)

644

(60

9 ndash

674

)95

3(8

71

ndash 12

9)97

9dagger

(94

9 ndash

129)

367

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

696

(66

5 ndash

730

)41

1dagger

(20

8 ndash

472

)46

3(3

45

ndash 51

1)

694

(64

3 ndash

747

)10

6(1

04 ndash

107

)11

5dagger(1

07 ndash

123

)30

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

704

(68

9 ndash

720

)42

6(3

94

ndash 43

7)

469

(43

4 ndash

485

)70

9(6

94

ndash 72

8)

104

(99

2 ndash

110)

111

(108

ndash 1

21)

947

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80 100

Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

(μmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

Plasma do

cosano

ic acid

(μmolL)

(μmolL)

0 20

40 60

80 100

0

20

40 60

80


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

19a

1 P

lasm

a lig

noce

ric

acid

(24

0) C

once

ntra

tion

sG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

540

(52

8 ndash

553

)31

2(2

95

ndash 33

0)

353

(32

7 ndash

368

)53

8(5

26

ndash 55

6)

809

(79

0 ndash

836

)87

0(8

49

ndash 90

2)

174

3A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

516

(50

3 ndash

530

)31

8(2

68

ndash 35

2)

356

(32

4 ndash

366

)51

3(4

98

ndash 52

9)

736

(71

8 ndash

786

)82

0(7

60

ndash 88

3)

583

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

564

(54

2 ndash

587

)33

2(2

87

ndash 37

6)

378

(32

9 ndash

396

)56

6(5

41

ndash 59

6)

811

(77

4 ndash

880

)86

8(8

36

ndash 94

4)

495

60 y

ears

and

old

er54

3(5

27

ndash 56

0)

291

(21

7 ndash

310

)31

6(3

00

ndash 34

2)

548

(52

4 ndash

575

)86

9(8

19

ndash 91

9)

923

(89

1 ndash

975

)66

5G

ende

rM

ales

537

(52

2 ndash

552

)30

6(2

85

ndash 33

0)

346

(30

7 ndash

377

)53

7(5

16

ndash 55

8)

808

(76

4 ndash

849

)86

1(8

45

ndash 93

1)

836

Fem

ales

544

(52

6 ndash

562

)32

4(2

98

ndash 35

0)

358

(32

6 ndash

370

)53

8(5

27

ndash 56

1)

807

(78

7 ndash

845

)87

3(8

38

ndash 91

9)

907

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s50

4(4

73

ndash 53

7)

299

dagger(1

92

ndash 32

6)

324

(28

7 ndash

360

)50

1(4

72

ndash 53

8)

764

(71

1 ndash

830

)80

7dagger

(76

9 ndash

117)

355

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

533

(50

5 ndash

562

)30

8dagger

(24

0 ndash

354

)34

8(2

70

ndash 38

0)

531

(49

6 ndash

570

)79

0(7

33

ndash 84

2)

839

dagger(7

90

ndash 11

2)30

2N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

547

(53

4 ndash

560

)31

5(2

87

ndash 33

6)

358

(33

1 ndash

372

)54

8(5

30

ndash 56

5)

814

(79

1 ndash

850

)87

2(8

51

ndash 92

1)

966

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma lig

noceric

acid

(μmolL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

80



Plasma lig

noceric

acid

Plasma lig

noceric

acid

(μmolL)

(μmolL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

20a

1 P

lasm

a m

yris

tole

ic a

cid

(14

1n-5

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

657

(60

8 ndash

709

)1

45(1

31

ndash 1

56)

179

(16

8 ndash

196

)6

50(5

90

ndash 6

99)

239

(21

4 ndash

293

)32

1(2

70

ndash 40

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

621

(56

7 ndash

680

)1

47(1

17

ndash 1

64)

176

(16

4 ndash

201

)6

05(5

34

ndash 6

75)

240

(19

3 ndash

326

)31

9(2

48

ndash 67

0)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

706

(63

0 ndash

790

)1

44(1

11

ndash 1

69)

186

(16

3 ndash

202

)6

87(6

20

ndash 7

62)

258

(21

4 ndash

346

)34

6(2

70

ndash 52

9)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er6

39(5

61

ndash 7

26)

140

(11

7 ndash

167

)1

73(1

56

ndash 1

99)

640

(55

3 ndash

745

)23

3(1

93

ndash 30

9)

269

(23

4 ndash

407

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

635

(57

0 ndash

707

)1

25(1

05

ndash 1

39)

170

(14

1 ndash

182

)6

47(5

47

ndash 7

28)

249

(22

8 ndash

297

)33

0(2

94

ndash 40

6)

865

Fem

ales

677

(62

6 ndash

732

)1

59(1

46

ndash 1

75)

194

(17

1 ndash

232

)6

51(5

96

ndash 6

96)

234

(19

9 ndash

312

)30

7(2

39

ndash 48

1)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s6

95(5

89

ndash 8

20)

153

dagger(1

02

ndash 1

80)

182

(15

1 ndash

205

)6

83(5

44

ndash 8

30)

261

(21

1 ndash

356

)33

1dagger

(27

4 ndash

684

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

91(3

50

ndash 4

38)

106

dagger(7

03 ndash

11

7)1

18(1

06

ndash 1

42)

378

(31

7 ndash

449

)12

8(1

15

ndash 21

4)

203

dagger(1

37

ndash 31

3)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s7

07(6

45

ndash 7

74)

165

(14

2 ndash

179

)2

06(1

80

ndash 2

33)

684

(62

2 ndash

746

)24

9(2

23

ndash 31

8)

327

(27

0 ndash

436

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 5

10

15

Plas

ma

myr

isto

leic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

15



Plas

ma

myr

isto

leic

aci

dPl

asm

a m

yris

tole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 5

1015

0

510


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

21a

1 P

lasm

a pa

lmit

olei

c ac

id (1

61n

-7)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

217

(205

ndash 2

29)

733

(65

1 ndash

781

)84

0(7

90

ndash 89

6)

213

(196

ndash 2

30)

563

(526

ndash 6

64)

727

(657

ndash 8

06)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

195

(185

ndash 2

05)

725

(60

4 ndash

787

)82

0(7

50

ndash 84

1)

185

(173

ndash 1

94)

539

(450

ndash 6

74)

685

(611

ndash 8

40)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

228

(210

ndash 2

48)

693

(45

2 ndash

781

)82

4(7

13

ndash 96

8)

228

(206

ndash 2

51)

572

(525

ndash 7

72)

770

(671

ndash 8

37)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er23

8(2

20 ndash

259

)84

8(6

54

ndash 94

1)

100

(87

9 ndash

113)

241

(216

ndash 2

63)

559

(528

ndash 6

49)

676

(589

ndash 7

63)

681

Gen

der

Mal

es20

7(1

90 ndash

225

)69

0(5

34

ndash 74

7)

777

(68

8 ndash

840

)20

3(1

82 ndash

225

)56

2(4

95 ndash

683

)68

2(5

78 ndash

926

)86

3Fe

mal

es22

6(2

14 ndash

239

)83

2(7

12

ndash 88

4)

934

(89

1 ndash

104)

226

(204

ndash 2

43)

567

(528

ndash 6

79)

729

(630

ndash 8

46)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s24

0(2

09 ndash

277

)78

6dagger

(60

0 ndash

862

)87

0(6

42

ndash 95

4)

239

(204

ndash 2

81)

692

(594

ndash 7

80)

769dagger

(699

ndash 1

110

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks15

7(1

48 ndash

167

)64

8dagger

(47

2 ndash

689

)70

3(6

42

ndash 73

2)

151

(142

ndash 1

62)

429

(352

ndash 5

29)

523dagger

(433

ndash 7

55)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s22

1(2

08 ndash

236

)74

9(5

30

ndash 83

5)

889

(79

3 ndash

965

)22

1(2

01 ndash

237

)55

4(5

22 ndash

661

)72

2(6

15 ndash

831

)99

0dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 10

0 20

0 30

0 40

0

Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

palm

itole

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 40

0 0

100

200

300


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

22a

1 P

lasm

a ci

s-va

ccen

ic a

cid

(18

1n-7

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

146

(141

ndash 1

50)

753

(65

1 ndash

810

)83

6(7

62

ndash 89

7)

143

(139

ndash 1

48)

262

(251

ndash 2

74)

303

(283

ndash 3

44)

176

2A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

131

(126

ndash 1

38)

656

(58

6 ndash

753

)76

9(6

33

ndash 82

7)

129

(122

ndash 1

37)

235

(214

ndash 2

59)

269

(248

ndash 3

44)

589

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

148

(143

ndash 1

54)

764

(64

4 ndash

855

)86

6(7

51

ndash 95

5)

144

(139

ndash 1

50)

282

(251

ndash 3

09)

333

(298

ndash 5

33)

501

60 y

ears

and

old

er16

8(1

62 ndash

173

)94

1(8

53

ndash 10

2)10

3(9

34

ndash 10

9)16

6(1

62 ndash

172

)26

6(2

58 ndash

297

)30

1(2

78 ndash

344

)67

2G

ende

rM

ales

145

(139

ndash 1

51)

715

(62

4 ndash

812

)83

4(7

04

ndash 90

3)

141

(135

ndash 1

48)

265

(242

ndash 3

01)

325

(277

ndash 3

90)

845

Fem

ales

147

(141

ndash 1

53)

777

(61

8 ndash

817

)85

8(7

54

ndash 92

0)

145

(139

ndash 1

51)

260

(240

ndash 2

82)

301

(273

ndash 3

45)

917

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s15

2(1

38 ndash

166

)65

9dagger

(55

7 ndash

827

)80

9(5

80

ndash 93

1)

146

(136

ndash 1

64)

304

(258

ndash 3

78)

336dagger

(326

ndash 3

84)

373

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

129

(120

ndash 1

38)

695

dagger(5

45

ndash 74

7)

748

(68

0 ndash

803

)12

5(1

17 ndash

134

)23

7(2

06 ndash

354

)29

5dagger(2

51 ndash

429

)30

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

146

(140

ndash 1

52)

770

(62

1 ndash

854

)86

7(7

51

ndash 93

1)

144

(139

ndash 1

49)

260

(242

ndash 2

75)

298

(275

ndash 3

37)

958

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

0 20

0 30

0

Plas

ma

cisminus

vacc

enic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

cisminus

vacc

enic

aci

dPl

asm

a ci

sminusva

ccen

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 0

100

200


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tab

le 2

23

a1

Pla

sma

olei

c ac

id (1

81n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

210

0(2

050

ndash 2

150

)1

110

(10

30 ndash

11

70)

122

0(1

170

ndash 1

270

)2

070

(20

00 ndash

21

50)

385

0(3

590

ndash 4

220

)4

480

(42

30 ndash

49

40)

179

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

191

0(1

840

ndash 1

980

)1

020

(955

ndash 1

080

)1

130

(10

80 ndash

11

70)

184

0(1

750

ndash 1

970

)3

710

(31

20 ndash

41

40)

419

0(3

770

ndash 8

650

)60

840

ndash59

year

s2

160

(21

00 ndash

22

30)

116

0(9

93 ndash

12

20)

128

0(1

180

ndash 1

350

)2

120

(20

10 ndash

21

90)

415

0(3

610

ndash 4

800

)4

790

(42

90 ndash

53

20)

512

60 y

ears

and

old

er2

360

(22

90 ndash

24

40)

133

0(1

290

ndash 1

400

)1

430

(13

40 ndash

15

50)

238

0(2

290

ndash 2

450

)3

850

(34

90 ndash

44

10)

441

0(4

120

ndash 4

930

)67

8G

ende

rM

ales

214

0(2

060

ndash 2

220

)1

140

(10

40 ndash

12

10)

123

0(1

160

ndash 1

300

)2

100

(20

10 ndash

22

00)

411

0(3

560

ndash 4

930

)4

930

(45

00 ndash

55

30)

858

Fem

ales

207

0(2

000

ndash 2

140

)1

090

(972

ndash 1

140

)1

200

(11

30 ndash

12

70)

202

0(1

940

ndash 2

140

)3

810

(34

90 ndash

40

20)

424

0(4

030

ndash 4

400

)94

0Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

224

0(2

060

ndash 2

430

)1

110dagger

(871

ndash 1

240

)1

270

(987

ndash 1

340

)2

170

(19

90 ndash

24

70)

428

0(3

850

ndash 5

240

)4

940dagger

(44

00 ndash

66

40)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

181

0(1

730

ndash 1

890

)1

020dagger

(892

ndash 1

080

)1

150

(10

10 ndash

11

80)

171

0(1

620

ndash 1

830

)3

180

(28

90 ndash

37

60)

376

0dagger(3

350

ndash 8

200

)30

8N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

213

0(2

060

ndash 2

200

)1

120

(990

ndash 1

210

)1

230

(11

40 ndash

13

20)

212

0(2

020

ndash 2

180

)3

840

(35

80 ndash

41

90)

438

0(4

160

ndash 4

930

)98

6dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

Plas

ma

olei

c ac

id(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

4000



Plas

ma

olei

c ac

idPl

asm

a ol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 10

00

2000

30

00

4000

0

1000

20

00

3000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

24a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cose

noic

aci

d (2

01n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

136

(13

2 ndash

141

)6

69(6

33

ndash 7

03)

756

(68

3 ndash

798

)13

3(1

28

ndash 13

8)

259

(24

2 ndash

305

)33

1(2

99

ndash 38

3)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

126

(12

0 ndash

133

)6

35(5

53

ndash 6

66)

682

(63

5 ndash

749

)12

1(1

14

ndash 12

9)

258

(22

7 ndash

373

)34

7(2

63

ndash 45

2)

608

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

135

(13

0 ndash

141

)6

96(4

20

ndash 7

54)

759

(70

0 ndash

825

)13

2(1

23

ndash 13

8)

257

(23

6 ndash

317

)31

8(2

76

ndash 47

0)

514

60 y

ears

and

old

er15

6(1

51

ndash 16

1)

894

(75

0 ndash

941

)9

74(8

98

ndash 10

3)

151

(14

7 ndash

158

)26

0(2

44

ndash 30

4)

311

(28

1 ndash

395

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

139

(13

3 ndash

145

)6

70(6

12

ndash 7

50)

768

(67

2 ndash

827

)13

5(1

29

ndash 14

2)

287

(24

6 ndash

334

)37

1(3

18

ndash 42

5)

865

Fem

ales

134

(12

8 ndash

140

)6

66(5

98

ndash 7

01)

748

(68

3 ndash

784

)13

0(1

26

ndash 13

6)

249

(23

2 ndash

266

)30

1(2

61

ndash 35

3)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s15

4(1

44

ndash 16

5)

686

dagger(6

00

ndash 8

62)

865

(63

3 ndash

925

)14

7(1

37

ndash 16

4)

331

(27

9 ndash

408

)38

7dagger

(33

2 ndash

459

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks11

7(1

10

ndash 12

4)

611

dagger(5

11

ndash 6

37)

639

(60

8 ndash

685

)11

1(1

02

ndash 12

1)

234

(21

3 ndash

281

)29

4dagger

(25

1 ndash

513

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

136

(13

1 ndash

142

)6

83(5

83

ndash 7

46)

763

(67

0 ndash

815

)13

4(1

29

ndash 13

8)

249

(23

5 ndash

301

)31

7(2

65

ndash 39

3)

989

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 5

10

15

20

25

Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

25



Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

eico

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 5

1015

2025

0

5 10

1520


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

25a

1 P

lasm

a do

cose

noic

aci

d (2

21n

-9)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

344

(29

7 ndash

399

)lt

LOD

712

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

25)

362

(33

0 ndash

407

)10

3(9

50

ndash 12

2)

136

(11

8 ndash

166

)1

604

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s3

36(2

75

ndash 4

11)

lt LO

D6

12(lt

LO

D ndash

13

8)3

46(3

10

ndash 4

06)

116

(93

2 ndash

167

)14

7(1

24

ndash 20

1)

533

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

339

(28

9 ndash

397

)3

10(lt

LO

D ndash

677

)7

29(lt

LO

D ndash

11

5)3

51(3

16

ndash 4

23)

945

(86

2 ndash

134

)12

6(1

08

ndash 16

6)

454

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

67(3

18

ndash 4

24)

421

(lt L

OD

ndash 8

90)

831

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

46)

393

(35

5 ndash

447

)9

69(8

60

ndash 10

9)

112

(97

4 ndash

155

)61

7G

ende

rM

ales

334

(28

5 ndash

392

)lt

LOD

620

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

11)

354

(32

4 ndash

404

)10

1(9

39

ndash 11

9)

129

(10

9 ndash

140

)76

7Fe

mal

es3

54(3

04

ndash 4

12)

334

(lt L

OD

ndash 9

36)

941

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

41)

366

(33

3 ndash

423

)11

0(8

65

ndash 14

7)

147

(11

9 ndash

177

)83

7Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

338

(28

3 ndash

403

)lt

LOD

dagger6

92(lt

LO

D ndash

14

6)3

69(3

32

ndash 4

29)

105

(74

0 ndash

230

)13

3dagger

(87

8 ndash

238

)34

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

81(3

39

ndash 4

29)

673

dagger(lt

LO

D ndash

14

7)1

43(lt

LO

D ndash

17

2)3

83(3

46

ndash 4

50)

108

(94

1 ndash

150

)13

4dagger

(11

0 ndash

201

)28

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

336

(27

9 ndash

405

)lt

LOD

613

(lt L

OD

ndash 1

15)

354

(31

6 ndash

423

)10

1(9

13

ndash 12

6)

136

(11

4 ndash

168

)86

3lt

LO

D m

eans

less

than

the

limit

of d

etec

tion

whi

ch m

ay v

ary

for s

ome

com

poun

ds b

y ye

ar S

ee A

ppen

dix

D fo

r LO

D

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 2

4 6

Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6



Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

Plas

ma

doco

seno

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

02

46

02

4


Females Males

























Tabl

e 2

26a

1 P

lasm

a ne

rvon

ic a

cid

(24

1n-9

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

749

(72

4 ndash

774

)45

6(4

29

ndash 47

8)

498

(45

9 ndash

520

)75

0(7

20

ndash 77

7)

116

(112

ndash 1

21)

126

(122

ndash 1

34)

169

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

722

(68

7 ndash

758

)44

5(4

01

ndash 45

9)

478

(44

5 ndash

516

)72

1(6

78

ndash 77

2)

109

(103

ndash 1

15)

118

(112

ndash 1

26)

573

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

743

(71

5 ndash

771

)46

4(3

49

ndash 50

4)

512

(46

2 ndash

532

)74

1(7

14

ndash 77

6)

109

(105

ndash 1

21)

123

(113

ndash 1

40)

492

60 y

ears

and

old

er81

0(7

77

ndash 84

6)

441

(41

8 ndash

499

)50

7(4

46

ndash 53

2)

799

(77

2 ndash

848

)12

8(1

21 ndash

138

)13

7(1

29 ndash

161

)63

1G

ende

rM

ales

720

(69

5 ndash

745

)44

3(4

03

ndash 45

9)

470

(44

5 ndash

509

)71

9(6

98

ndash 74

4)

109

(105

ndash 1

14)

118

(113

ndash 1

27)

816

Fem

ales

777

(74

8 ndash

807

)47

9(4

46

ndash 50

0)

516

(47

0 ndash

553

)77

6(7

43

ndash 80

0)

121

(116

ndash 1

26)

131

(124

ndash 1

41)

880

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s74

4(7

10

ndash 78

0)

464

dagger(3

26

ndash 52

8)

514

(43

8 ndash

543

)76

0(7

11

ndash 77

9)

108

(101

ndash 1

21)

115dagger

(108

ndash 1

57)

373

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

773

(72

1 ndash

828

)44

4dagger

(23

7 ndash

492

)49

3(3

89

ndash 53

8)

775

(72

6 ndash

818

)12

3(1

15 ndash

131

)12

9dagger(1

24 ndash

161

)28

8N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

741

(71

3 ndash

770

)45

0(4

25

ndash 46

4)

492

(45

4 ndash

518

)74

0(7

10

ndash 77

4)

117

(111

ndash 1

22)

127

(122

ndash 1

35)

914

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 50

10

0 15

0

Plas

ma

nerv

onic

aci

d(μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

nerv

onic

aci

dPl

asm

a ne

rvon

ic a

cid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 0

50

100


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

27a

1 P

lasm

a lin

olei

c ac

id (1

82n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

345

0(3

390

ndash 3

510

)2

210

(20

70 ndash

23

00)

237

0(2

310

ndash 2

450

)3

430

(33

70 ndash

35

20)

498

0(4

810

ndash 5

190

)5

410

(51

40 ndash

58

40)

180

6A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

334

0(3

260

ndash 3

410

)2

150

(18

30 ndash

22

90)

234

0(2

200

ndash 2

460

)3

310

(32

40 ndash

33

70)

481

0(4

630

ndash 5

230

)5

250

(49

10 ndash

62

60)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

352

0(3

440

ndash 3

600

)2

230

(17

40 ndash

23

60)

242

0(2

250

ndash 2

570

)3

500

(34

10 ndash

36

20)

506

0(4

830

ndash 5

610

)5

550

(51

10 ndash

58

80)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er3

520

(34

30 ndash

36

00)

225

0(1

960

ndash 2

320

)2

360

(22

80 ndash

24

90)

357

0(3

480

ndash 3

640

)5

090

(48

70 ndash

52

20)

544

0(5

160

ndash 5

890

)68

1G

ende

rM

ales

338

0(3

300

ndash 3

470

)2

240

(21

20 ndash

23

10)

234

0(2

310

ndash 2

410

)3

360

(32

40 ndash

34

50)

490

0(4

640

ndash 5

360

)5

240

(50

90 ndash

58

10)

863

Fem

ales

350

0(3

430

ndash 3

580

)2

170

(19

10 ndash

23

40)

242

0(2

300

ndash 2

540

)3

530

(34

50 ndash

36

00)

504

0(4

880

ndash 5

280

)5

500

(51

00 ndash

59

00)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s3

730

(35

70 ndash

39

00)

232

0dagger(1

840

ndash 2

480

)2

490

(23

30 ndash

26

10)

366

0(3

510

ndash 3

900

)5

800

(52

70 ndash

65

70)

632

0dagger(5

810

ndash 7

000

)37

5N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks3

210

(30

90 ndash

33

40)

214

0dagger(1

850

ndash 2

200

)2

250

(21

10 ndash

23

60)

313

0(3

030

ndash 3

230

)4

610

(44

60 ndash

48

10)

496

0dagger(4

640

ndash 8

680

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

344

0(3

370

ndash 3

510

)2

210

(20

20 ndash

23

00)

236

0(2

270

ndash 2

500

)3

440

(33

60 ndash

35

40)

495

0(4

800

ndash 5

080

)5

190

(50

50 ndash

57

80)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

00

4000

60

00

Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

6000



Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

Plas

ma

linol

eic

acid

(μm

olL

) (μ

mol

L)

0 20

00

4000

60

00

0 20

00

4000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

28a

1 P

lasm

a al

pha-

linol

enic

aci

d (1

83n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

631

(60

5 ndash

658

)25

2(2

14

ndash 27

5)

300

(26

0 ndash

331

)61

4(5

89

ndash 63

7)

137

(128

ndash 1

51)

165

(153

ndash 1

92)

180

1A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

581

(55

8 ndash

606

)24

9(1

99

ndash 26

6)

273

(25

2 ndash

303

)57

5(5

52

ndash 59

9)

127

(117

ndash 1

50)

159

(137

ndash 2

21)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

650

(60

7 ndash

696

)25

1(1

43

ndash 30

3)

308

(22

7 ndash

356

)61

2(5

82

ndash 66

9)

134

(127

ndash 1

62)

174

(157

ndash 2

03)

513

60 y

ears

and

old

er69

0(6

52

ndash 73

0)

293

(20

8 ndash

332

)33

5(2

84

ndash 36

4)

683

(64

9 ndash

723

)14

3(1

38 ndash

154

)15

9(1

47 ndash

234

)67

8G

ende

rM

ales

621

(58

8 ndash

655

)23

0(1

70

ndash 26

2)

276

(22

4 ndash

317

)59

9(5

73

ndash 64

2)

142

(128

ndash 1

72)

173

(155

ndash 2

10)

859

Fem

ales

641

(61

1 ndash

672

)27

2(2

36

ndash 30

6)

328

(27

5 ndash

347

)62

4(5

99

ndash 65

5)

131

(123

ndash 1

50)

158

(146

ndash 1

84)

942

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s69

0(6

38

ndash 74

5)

239

dagger(2

01

ndash 30

7)

318

(24

3 ndash

361

)66

2(5

96

ndash 73

9)

160

(135

ndash 2

46)

199dagger

(159

ndash 4

21)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

538

(50

4 ndash

574

)24

5dagger

(13

3 ndash

288

)28

8(2

37

ndash 30

8)

505

(48

2 ndash

531

)11

5(1

07 ndash

147

)14

9dagger(1

21 ndash

362

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

633

(59

9 ndash

668

)25

2(2

00

ndash 27

5)

295

(25

8 ndash

330

)62

3(5

89

ndash 65

7)

133

(124

ndash 1

53)

157

(143

ndash 1

93)

986

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 50

10

0 15

0

Plas

ma

alph

aminuslin

olen

icac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

150



Plas

ma

alph

aminuslin

olen

icPl

asm

a al

phaminus

linol

enic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 0

50

100


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

29a

1 P

lasm

a ga

mm

a-lin

olen

ic a

cid

(18

3n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

469

(45

0 ndash

490

)17

1(1

37

ndash 19

1)

202

(19

0 ndash

220

)49

0(4

64

ndash 51

5)

100

(94

2 ndash

106)

117

(107

ndash 1

27)

179

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

417

(39

4 ndash

441

)15

0(1

26

ndash 17

7)

193

(15

1 ndash

212

)41

9(3

87

ndash 46

5)

851

(79

1 ndash

105)

998

(86

2 ndash

140)

603

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

510

(48

4 ndash

538

)18

4(1

50

ndash 19

4)

204

(18

3 ndash

240

)53

3(5

01

ndash 56

4)

108

(96

5 ndash

118)

121

(113

ndash 1

29)

513

60 y

ears

and

old

er49

6(4

59

ndash 53

6)

183

(14

4 ndash

203

)22

0(2

03

ndash 23

6)

512

(46

1 ndash

570

)10

2(9

74

ndash 11

9)11

5(1

04 ndash

142

)67

9G

ende

rM

ales

480

(45

5 ndash

506

)17

1(1

31

ndash 20

3)

220

(18

7 ndash

235

)50

0(4

80

ndash 52

4)

992

(90

5 ndash

120)

120

(105

ndash 1

29)

855

Fem

ales

460

(43

7 ndash

484

)16

8(1

28

ndash 19

1)

195

(17

0 ndash

216

)47

2(4

40

ndash 50

6)

100

(92

8 ndash

106)

110

(106

ndash 1

28)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s41

8(3

81

ndash 45

8)

126

dagger(6

25

ndash 15

0)

151

(99

0 ndash

186

)43

1(3

84

ndash 49

9)

940

(89

7 ndash

115)

116dagger

(96

3 ndash

132)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

425

(40

4 ndash

447

)16

5dagger

(14

9 ndash

183

)20

6(1

58

ndash 23

1)

428

(40

0 ndash

464

)84

1(7

67

ndash 11

2)10

5dagger(8

67

ndash 13

8)30

9N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

488

(46

1 ndash

516

)19

2(1

39

ndash 21

3)

221

(19

7 ndash

238

)50

5(4

75

ndash 53

2)

101

(93

4 ndash

108)

117

(105

ndash 1

28)

981

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icacid (μ

molL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icPlasma ga

mmaminus

linolen

icacid (μ

molL)

acid (μ

molL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

80



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

30a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cosa

dien

oic

acid

(20

2n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

212

(20

7 ndash

218

)11

2(1

05

ndash 11

6)

124

(11

9 ndash

128

)20

9(2

03

ndash 21

6)

369

(35

1 ndash

399

)42

2(3

99

ndash 47

3)

180

5A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

202

(19

5 ndash

209

)10

4(9

44

ndash 11

0)

113

(10

7 ndash

120

)19

4(1

86

ndash 20

3)

385

(35

8 ndash

432

)43

9(4

07

ndash 50

1)

607

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

215

(20

6 ndash

223

)11

7(1

03

ndash 12

2)

128

(11

8 ndash

137

)21

2(2

03

ndash 22

4)

354

(33

9 ndash

403

)42

0(3

81

ndash 47

5)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er22

8(2

21

ndash 23

5)

129

(10

6 ndash

140

)14

3(1

31

ndash 15

3)

231

(22

3 ndash

236

)35

4(3

37

ndash 37

4)

386

(36

6 ndash

466

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

204

(19

7 ndash

212

)11

4(1

06

ndash 11

9)

126

(11

8 ndash

130

)20

2(1

93

ndash 21

1)

329

(31

3 ndash

371

)40

0(3

51

ndash 44

9)

865

Fem

ales

220

(21

3 ndash

227

)11

0(1

04

ndash 11

4)

122

(11

4 ndash

130

)21

7(2

10

ndash 22

3)

385

(36

4 ndash

438

)46

5(4

09

ndash 49

6)

940

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s25

2(2

35

ndash 27

1)

114

dagger(8

60

ndash 13

3)

133

(11

3 ndash

144

)24

9(2

28

ndash 26

6)

495

(43

2 ndash

693

)55

0dagger

(49

5 ndash

121)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

192

(18

3 ndash

201

)10

8dagger

(90

0 ndash

112

)11

4(1

05

ndash 12

5)

190

(18

1 ndash

197

)33

5(2

84

ndash 40

5)

363

dagger(3

46

ndash 51

6)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s20

9(2

03

ndash 21

5)

112

(98

3 ndash

118

)12

3(1

17

ndash 12

9)

207

(20

1 ndash

214

)35

0(3

35

ndash 38

1)

407

(36

9 ndash

465

)99

0dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

eico

sadi

enoi

cac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

40



Plas

ma

eico

sadi

enoi

cPl

asm

a ei

cosa

dien

oic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30


Females Males





















Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

31a

1 P

lasm

a ho

mo-

gam

ma-

linol

enic

aci

d (2

03n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

151

(147

ndash 1

56)

732

(67

9 ndash

796

)87

5(8

46

ndash 89

9)

151

(145

ndash 1

56)

262

(254

ndash 2

74)

289

(281

ndash 3

20)

180

6

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s14

5(1

40 ndash

149

)71

5(5

77

ndash 78

3)

849

(75

9 ndash

913

)13

9(1

35 ndash

146

)25

1(2

39 ndash

276

)28

1(2

62 ndash

317

)60

940

ndash59

year

s15

5(1

47 ndash

163

)72

0(6

77

ndash 86

3)

883

(83

1 ndash

940

)15

6(1

47 ndash

164

)26

5(2

58 ndash

286

)31

2(2

84 ndash

337

)51

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

156

(148

ndash 1

64)

770

(62

8 ndash

840

)86

6(7

77

ndash 92

8)

158

(148

ndash 1

67)

262

(254

ndash 2

85)

288

(275

ndash 3

57)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es14

5(1

39 ndash

153

)72

8(6

22

ndash 76

4)

861

(76

4 ndash

900

)14

4(1

35 ndash

153

)25

2(2

37 ndash

277

)28

1(2

60 ndash

373

)86

4Fe

mal

es15

7(1

52 ndash

162

)72

9(6

79

ndash 84

9)

885

(84

7 ndash

930

)15

6(1

50 ndash

163

)27

2(2

61 ndash

287

)30

4(2

87 ndash

321

)94

2Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

166

(154

ndash 1

79)

822

dagger(5

89

ndash 89

6)

920

(77

8 ndash

101)

167

(153

ndash 1

80)

297

(260

ndash 3

63)

330dagger

(295

ndash 7

16)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

131

(128

ndash 1

35)

700

dagger(5

28

ndash 75

7)

767

(70

3 ndash

855

)13

1(1

27 ndash

136

)20

3(1

96 ndash

230

)22

3dagger(2

06 ndash

276

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

152

(146

ndash 1

59)

760

(67

7 ndash

846

)88

9(8

49

ndash 92

9)

152

(144

ndash 1

57)

261

(250

ndash 2

81)

287

(275

ndash 3

24)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 10

0 20

0 30

0

Plas

ma

hom

ominusga

mm

aminuslin

olen

icac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

hom

ominusga

mm

aminuslin

olen

icPl

asm

a ho

mominus

gam

maminus

linol

enic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 10

0 20

0 30

0 0

100

200



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

32a

1 P

lasm

a ar

achi

doni

c ac

id (2

04n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

776

(761

ndash 7

91)

445

(418

ndash 4

63)

484

(456

ndash 5

00)

789

(772

ndash 8

05)

118

0(1

150

ndash 1

230

)1

320

(12

40 ndash

14

20)

180

7

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s73

5(7

16 ndash

755

)42

9(3

86 ndash

455

)47

9(4

45 ndash

504

)73

7(7

13 ndash

761

)1

110

(10

50 ndash

12

30)

123

0(1

140

ndash 1

380

)61

040

ndash59

year

s79

3(7

72 ndash

814

)44

5(3

72 ndash

470

)48

0(4

50 ndash

496

)80

8(7

85 ndash

829

)1

220

(11

60 ndash

13

60)

138

0(1

260

ndash 1

560

)51

460

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

819

(798

ndash 8

41)

448

(421

ndash 4

80)

502

(460

ndash 5

35)

841

(814

ndash 8

68)

120

0(1

180

ndash 1

260

)1

430

(13

10 ndash

14

90)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es76

4(7

44 ndash

785

)45

2(4

24 ndash

473

)48

0(4

55 ndash

495

)78

0(7

56 ndash

806

)1

150

(10

90 ndash

12

20)

123

0(1

160

ndash 1

460

)86

4Fe

mal

es78

7(7

69 ndash

806

)42

9(3

86 ndash

465

)49

0(4

36 ndash

520

)79

2(7

69 ndash

821

)1

220

(11

80 ndash

13

00)

137

0(1

320

ndash 1

460

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

722

(678

ndash 7

68)

419dagger

(376

ndash 4

32)

440

(396

ndash 4

87)

726

(675

ndash 7

68)

111

0(1

040

ndash 1

310

)1

290dagger

(11

40 ndash

14

60)

376

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

884

(839

ndash 9

32)

526dagger

(226

ndash 5

72)

576

(493

ndash 6

11)

883

(831

ndash 9

41)

133

0(1

260

ndash 1

580

)1

520dagger

(13

60 ndash

17

70)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s77

3(7

52 ndash

795

)44

5(4

19 ndash

463

)48

5(4

46 ndash

511

)78

5(7

67 ndash

807

)1

160

(11

20 ndash

12

20)

126

0(1

190

ndash 1

480

)99

1dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 50

0 10

00

1500

Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males

1500



Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

Plas

ma

arac

hido

nic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

0 10

00

1500

0

500

1000


Females Males








Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

33a

1 P

lasm

a ei

cosa

pent

aeno

ic a

cid

(20

5n-3

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

421

(39

5 ndash

450

)14

8(1

18

ndash 16

1)

171

(15

7 ndash

186

)40

9(3

76

ndash 43

8)

113

(103

ndash 1

38)

151

(136

ndash 1

76)

180

6

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s35

9(3

38

ndash 38

1)

135

(91

0 ndash

149

)15

8(1

36

ndash 16

8)

342

(32

0 ndash

362

)10

6(8

43

ndash 13

7)13

4(1

10 ndash

193

)60

940

ndash59

year

s45

5(4

18

ndash 49

5)

171

(14

6 ndash

174

)19

0(1

71

ndash 20

8)

450

(41

0 ndash

483

)11

4(1

02 ndash

153

)15

6(1

34 ndash

200

)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

485

(43

3 ndash

544

)15

3(7

79

ndash 19

9)

200

(11

8 ndash

231

)49

4(4

35

ndash 53

8)

132

(111

ndash 1

62)

175

(139

ndash 2

07)

682

Gen

der

Mal

es43

1(3

98

ndash 46

6)

157

(11

2 ndash

169

)17

1(1

55

ndash 20

1)

414

(37

6 ndash

451

)12

1(1

03 ndash

150

)15

6(1

36 ndash

199

)86

3Fe

mal

es41

3(3

87

ndash 44

1)

141

(11

2 ndash

157

)16

9(1

52

ndash 18

3)

401

(37

5 ndash

431

)11

1(9

99

ndash 14

3)14

6(1

18 ndash

177

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

310

(28

7 ndash

335

)8

80dagger

(60

3 ndash

109

)10

9(7

53

ndash 15

3)

314

(28

4 ndash

354

)77

1(6

90

ndash 86

4)

865

dagger(7

91

ndash 98

9)

375

Non

-His

pani

c Bl

acks

388

(34

7 ndash

434

)14

9dagger

(10

8 ndash

161

)16

7(1

44

ndash 18

8)

361

(33

0 ndash

416

)11

3(9

53

ndash 16

9)14

1dagger(1

14 ndash

247

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

435

(39

8 ndash

477

)15

8(1

16

ndash 17

3)

181

(14

9 ndash

208

)42

6(3

81

ndash 46

0)

112

(101

ndash 1

42)

152

(133

ndash 1

77)

991

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 20

40 60

80

Plasma eicosape

ntaeno

icacid (μ

molL)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plasma eicosape

ntaeno

icPlasma eicosape

ntaeno

icacid (μ

molL)

acid (μ

molL)

0 20

40 60

80

0 20

40 60

80



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

34a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

tetr

aeno

ic a

cid

(22

4n-6

) Co

ncen

trat

ions

Geo

met

ric m

ean

and

sele

cted

per

cent

iles

of p

lasm

a co

ncen

trat

ions

(in

micromol

L) f

or th

e fa

sted

US

pop

ulat

ion

aged

20

year

s an

d ol

der

Nat

iona

l H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n Ex

amin

atio

n Su

rvey

200

3ndash20

04

Geo

met

ric

mea

n (9

5 c

onf

inte

rval

)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

250

(24

4 ndash

256

)12

1(1

04

ndash 13

1)

144

(13

3 ndash

149

)24

7(2

41

ndash 25

6)

430

(41

6 ndash

447

)47

7(4

54

ndash 53

5)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

244

(23

4 ndash

254

)12

2(1

04

ndash 13

8)

143

(13

1 ndash

150

)23

9(2

31

ndash 24

9)

411

(38

8 ndash

460

)47

1(4

28

ndash 58

0)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

255

(24

5 ndash

264

)11

2(9

62

ndash 12

9)

143

(12

0 ndash

154

)25

0(2

43

ndash 26

6)

445

(42

1 ndash

462

)50

0(4

50

ndash 63

4)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er25

3(2

46

ndash 26

0)

126

(93

4 ndash

144

)14

8(1

29

ndash 15

8)

257

(24

5 ndash

266

)42

2(3

96

ndash 45

3)

471

(44

7 ndash

495

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

253

(24

4 ndash

262

)11

8(9

72

ndash 13

1)

145

(13

5 ndash

149

)25

0(2

43

ndash 26

1)

424

(41

0 ndash

449

)46

8(4

46

ndash 58

2)

865

Fem

ales

247

(24

0 ndash

255

)12

2(9

93

ndash 13

9)

143

(13

0 ndash

151

)24

5(2

36

ndash 25

6)

437

(41

4 ndash

459

)48

0(4

48

ndash 56

3)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s27

5(2

56

ndash 29

5)

131

dagger(1

12

ndash 15

6)

158

(12

9 ndash

166

)27

4(2

51

ndash 29

6)

473

(45

9 ndash

533

)58

5dagger

(48

0 ndash

669

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks26

0(2

51

ndash 26

8)

134

dagger(9

11

ndash 15

0)

150

(13

2 ndash

167

)25

8(2

43

ndash 26

8)

450

(42

0 ndash

467

)50

4dagger

(46

1 ndash

729

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

248

(23

9 ndash

256

)12

1(1

00

ndash 13

5)

145

(13

0 ndash

151

)24

6(2

39

ndash 25

6)

419

(39

6 ndash

447

)47

2(4

45

ndash 56

1)

992

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

Plas

ma

doco

sate

trae

noic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30

40



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

35a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

ic-3

aci

d (2

25n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

416

(40

2 ndash

431

)22

1(1

72

ndash 23

8)

245

(22

8 ndash

258

)41

4(4

00

ndash 42

8)

727

(69

7 ndash

767

)82

9(7

85

ndash 92

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

381

(37

1 ndash

390

)20

0(1

51

ndash 22

7)

232

(20

9 ndash

244

)38

0(3

68

ndash 39

3)

630

(58

0 ndash

733

)73

0(6

55

ndash 95

1)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

431

(41

1 ndash

453

)22

2(1

35

ndash 24

3)

249

(20

6 ndash

269

)43

2(4

06

ndash 46

0)

770

(72

6 ndash

810

)84

9(7

94

ndash 10

5)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

455

(42

3 ndash

488

)24

5(1

17

ndash 26

7)

265

(23

6 ndash

285

)45

7(4

28

ndash 49

1)

740

(70

7 ndash

819

)82

0(7

66

ndash 97

8)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es42

8(4

10

ndash 44

8)

242

(15

0 ndash

256

)26

2(2

47

ndash 27

1)

425

(40

6 ndash

441

)72

7(6

81

ndash 81

6)

872

(78

7 ndash

972

)86

5Fe

mal

es40

5(3

91

ndash 42

0)

205

(13

6 ndash

228

)23

1(2

07

ndash 24

5)

406

(38

8 ndash

420

)72

7(6

78

ndash 78

6)

804

(75

5 ndash

898

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

399

(37

2 ndash

429

)16

9dagger

(12

1 ndash

223

)22

4(1

41

ndash 25

0)

400

(36

4 ndash

441

)71

5(6

78

ndash 79

3)

809

dagger(7

25

ndash 11

2)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks38

9(3

68

ndash 41

0)

201

dagger(1

75

ndash 21

5)

223

(20

6 ndash

238

)38

1(3

62

ndash 40

0)

645

(62

0 ndash

801

)85

0dagger

(67

0 ndash

108)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s42

1(4

01

ndash 44

1)

228

(15

6 ndash

242

)24

7(2

25

ndash 26

7)

422

(40

4 ndash

438

)71

7(6

79

ndash 78

5)

812

(75

5 ndash

927

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e


0 2

0 40

60

Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus3ac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus3Pl

asm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

icminus3

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 2

0 40

60

0 2

0 40

60



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

36a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

ic-6

aci

d (2

25n

-6)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles (

95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

196

(18

9 ndash

204

)8

56(7

60

ndash 9

46)

980

(93

0 ndash

105

)19

3(1

86

ndash 20

1)

390

(36

1 ndash

424

)46

5(4

29

ndash 52

2)

180

8A

ge g

roup

20ndash3

9 ye

ars

195

(18

6 ndash

205

)9

15(8

17

ndash 9

51)

988

(92

5 ndash

111

)18

8(1

79

ndash 20

0)

414

(35

5 ndash

463

)47

8(4

51

ndash 54

4)

610

40ndash5

9 ye

ars

194

(18

4 ndash

204

)8

37(4

40

ndash 9

67)

980

(77

9 ndash

111

)19

0(1

83

ndash 20

5)

360

(34

5 ndash

391

)41

6(3

72

ndash 50

8)

515

60 y

ears

and

old

er20

3(1

95

ndash 21

2)

800

(58

8 ndash

884

)9

63(8

26

ndash 10

8)

205

(19

5 ndash

215

)41

4(3

79

ndash 48

4)

521

(46

8 ndash

580

)68

3G

ende

rM

ales

186

(17

7 ndash

197

)8

11(6

96

ndash 9

23)

966

(88

3 ndash

104

)18

6(1

78

ndash 19

3)

346

(32

2 ndash

405

)42

8(3

86

ndash 45

2)

865

Fem

ales

206

(19

8 ndash

214

)8

92(7

74

ndash 9

55)

995

(93

0 ndash

112

)20

5(1

92

ndash 21

7)

419

(38

5 ndash

478

)50

6(4

64

ndash 59

0)

943

Race

eth

nici

tyM

exic

an A

mer

ican

s23

5(2

10

ndash 26

2)

104

dagger(6

86

ndash 11

5)

116

(89

4 ndash

135

)22

8(1

97

ndash 27

1)

476

(44

2 ndash

560

)53

6dagger

(48

5 ndash

602

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks21

3(2

03

ndash 22

4)

927

dagger(5

89

ndash 10

3)

102

(93

5 ndash

116

)20

8(1

97

ndash 22

4)

430

(40

4 ndash

504

)50

6dagger

(45

0 ndash

632

)31

0N

on-H

ispa

nic

Whi

tes

191

(18

3 ndash

199

)8

15(7

49

ndash 9

20)

967

(85

2 ndash

106

)18

9(1

83

ndash 19

8)

360

(34

0 ndash

409

)45

2(4

07

ndash 51

4)

992

dagger Es

timat

e is

sub

ject

to g

reat

er u

ncer

tain

ty d

ue to

sm

all c

ell s

ize


0 1

0 20

30 40

Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus6ac

id (μ

mol

L)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sape

ntae

noic

minus6Pl

asm

a do

cosa

pent

aeno

icminus6

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 1

0 20

30 40

0

10

20 30

40



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Tabl

e 2

37a

1 P

lasm

a do

cosa

hexa

enoi

c ac

id (2

26n

-3)

Conc

entr

atio

nsG

eom

etric

mea

n an

d se

lect

ed p

erce

ntile

s of

pla

sma

conc

entr

atio

ns (i

n microm

olL

) for

the

fast

ed U

S p

opul

atio

n ag

ed 2

0 ye

ars

and

olde

r N

atio

nal

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Exam

inat

ion

Surv

ey 2

003ndash

2004

G

eom

etri

c m

ean

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sele

cted

per

cent

iles

(95

con

f in

terv

al)

Sam

ple

size

25t

h5t

h50

th95

th97

5th

Tota

l 20

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

125

(118

ndash 1

33)

549

(52

4 ndash

578

)61

1(5

62

ndash 65

2)

121

(114

ndash 1

28)

277

(248

ndash 3

10)

323

(302

ndash 3

72)

180

8

Age

gro

up20

ndash39

year

s11

5(1

08 ndash

122

)54

3(4

55

ndash 57

3)

581

(53

6 ndash

625

)11

1(1

02 ndash

119

)25

4(2

28 ndash

316

)31

6(2

75 ndash

484

)61

040

ndash59

year

s12

5(1

15 ndash

136

)54

1(5

02

ndash 58

3)

606

(53

8 ndash

656

)12

1(1

11 ndash

136

)27

2(2

37 ndash

303

)30

5(2

90 ndash

400

)51

560

yea

rs a

nd o

lder

145

(135

ndash 1

56)

645

(54

8 ndash

704

)73

5(5

62

ndash 81

9)

142

(132

ndash 1

54)

305

(268

ndash 3

58)

373

(330

ndash 3

98)

683

Gen

der

Mal

es11

7(1

10 ndash

125

)53

9(4

93

ndash 55

7)

579

(54

0 ndash

624

)11

4(1

07 ndash

123

)25

3(2

29 ndash

299

)30

3(2

77 ndash

368

)86

5Fe

mal

es13

3(1

25 ndash

141

)57

8(4

83

ndash 63

0)

652

(56

1 ndash

720

)12

7(1

21 ndash

135

)29

3(2

58 ndash

323

)33

7(3

15 ndash

385

)94

3Ra

cee

thni

city

Mex

ican

Am

eric

ans

111

(105

ndash 1

19)

544

dagger(4

64

ndash 58

0)

588

(55

2 ndash

602

)11

1(9

98

ndash 12

3)21

1(1

91 ndash

251

)25

0dagger(2

18 ndash

342

)37

6N

on-H

ispa

nic

Blac

ks14

0(1

24 ndash

157

)64

9dagger

(47

5 ndash

724

)72

5(5

94

ndash 80

3)

133

(118

ndash 1

52)

304

(254

ndash 4

25)

348dagger

(321

ndash 4

16)

310

Non

-His

pani

c W

hite

s12

2(1

13 ndash

130

)54

7(5

13

ndash 56

2)

595

(55

0 ndash

646

)11

7(1

10 ndash

127

)25

9(2

41 ndash

294

)31

5(2

83 ndash

375

)99

2dagger

Estim

ate

is s

ubje

ct to

gre

ater

unc

erta

inty

due

to s

mal

l cel

l siz

e



0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 25

0

Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

acid

(μm

olL

)

Overall


Mexican Americans

Females Males



Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

Plas

ma

doco

sahe

xaen

oic

acid

(μm

olL

) ac

id (μ

mol

L)

0 50

10

0 15

0 20

0 25

0 0

50

100

150

200



Females


Age (years)



Males


Age (years)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)





Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)




Geometric mean

(95 conf interval)






















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2. Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Nutrients - Centers for Disease

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