22

LABOUR MIGRATION IN SOUTH EAST AND EAST ASIA- LABOUR MARKET NEEDS RECRUITMENT OF WORKERS AND COOPERATION BETWEEN LABOUR SENDING AND RECEIVING COUNTRIES.

Migration or movement of people is centuries

old process . There were no concepts of

migration, legal emigrants, irregular

emigration,, illegal migration, country of

origins destination, human smuggling, human

trafficking in past. Modern time has coined

these words and concepts.

33

Migration is for better and

secure future. It is complex

process. Interests of sending

and receiving countries are

poles apart but common

objective is economic

development.

44

Most of Asian Countries except for

Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and South

Korea are countries of origin.

Malaysia and Thailand have become

countries of destination but these are

also countries of origin. Mostly

workers for 3-D jobs and domestic

workers both male and female are

required.

55

Japan, Singapore and Taiwan are in

high income group whereas South

Korea, Malaysia and Thailand in

Middle income group. Workers from

neighboring countries are moving to

high income group countries. These

countries have exhausted their

internal workforce resources. Now

these countries need foreign workers

to meet shortage.

66

Japan and Korea are not open to

legal migrant workers only foreign

trainees are invited to meet

workforce shortages.

South Korea has recently

introduced work permit system

under Foreign worker Employment

Act. Eight Asian countries have

been declared “Source Countries

“IOM reports on it are exhaustive.

77

Singapore is following

quite restricted work

permit programme

88

As far as cooperation between labour

sending and receiving countries in the

region is concerned, I0M may provide a

platform for dialogue and inter-state

cooperation between the countries of

origin and destination for managed

migration and ensure exploitation free

jobs to foreign workers.

99

Pakistan, India, Bangladesh,

Sri-Lanka, Nepal,

Philippines, Vietnam, etc

are labour surplus

countries.

Pakistan is country of

origin, destination, and

transit.

1010

CAPACITY :

Labour force of about 42 million.

Vast network of vocational/technical training facilities.

150,000 Pakistanis go abroad for employment annually.

1159 Overseas Employment Promoters are operating all over the country.

Website, E-mail, data bank of sufficient workers in all categories for about 300,000 aspirants with OEPs.

Website of the Bureau containing complete list of Overseas Employment Promoters.

1111

As far as Pakistan is concerned, labour

migration in East Asia is negligible.

Pakistan has started sending its

manpower to Malaysia - under a MOU

signed between the two countries.

Recently licensed Pakistani Overseas

Employment Promoters have

dispatched 2000 general workers to

Malaysia.

1212

Pakistan is exporting manpower to

South Korea since 1994 under “foreign

trainee” programme through licensed

Overseas Employment Promoters to

work under umbrella of Korean

Federation of small Medium

Enterprises.

1313

Pakistan is also source country

for export of manpower to

Singapore is negligible.

Pakistan is hosting about 2.5

million refugees, and about

300,000 legal and illegal foreign

workers.

1414

Ministry of Labour Manpower & Overseas Pakistanis is responsible for:-

• Policy and programs for human resource development.

• Research into the problems of Overseas Pakistanis and resolutions of these issues.

• Social economic uplift of working labours and maintain labour management relations.

• Administration of Emigration Ordinance 1979.

• National Policy and coordination regarding manpower development and employment promotions.

• Foreign employment and emigration.

• Technical Trainings and Training programmes for workers including Research.

1515

Bureau of Emigration & Overseas Employment

Established in 1971

Web: www.beoe.gov.pkE-mail: bureaumig@isb.paknet.com.pk

bureaumig@hotmail.com

1616

a)To control and regulate emigration for

employment abroad.

b)To look after the interest of the emigrants.

c)To facilitate, supervise and monitor the

activities of Overseas Employment Promoters.

d)To advise the Federal Government on.

emigration policies and procedure.

FUNCTIONS

1717

Emigration from Pakistan for the purpose of

overseas employment is controlled

regulated, facilitated and monitored under

Emigration Ordinance 1979 & Rules made

there under (amended from time to time).

LEGAL FRAME WORK

1818

ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP

Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment is headed by a Director General having its field offices through out the country and abroad such as :

a)Protector of Emigrants at seven different stations.

b)Community Welfare Attaches in

nine countries .

1919

Map Indicating Bureau’s Regional Office namely Protector of Emigrants

2020

Only licensed Individuals, Firms or

Corporations can operate as Overseas

Employment Promoters to process demands

from foreign employers and assist them to

make recruitment and selection of workers.

WHO CAN HANDLE EMIGRATION

2121

• Must be a national of Pakistan and man of

integrity.

• Must be financially sound.

• Must be of good conduct and character -

clearance by District Government.

• Security Clearance by Intelligence Agencies as

well as Security Agencies.

• There are 1159 licensed OEPs .

WHO QUALIFIES TO GET OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT PROMOTERS LICENCE

2222

No Government interference-free choice of the employers in selection of workers.

Record of each selected worker is maintained.

Pakistan is providing manpower in more than 40 trades of highly qualified, highly skilled, skilled, semi skilled and unskilled manpower besides professionals and experts to more than 50 countries of the World.

Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain are major labour absorptive markets for Pakistani labour force.

EMIGRATION FROM PAKISTAN

2323

Since the inception of Bureau 3.61 million

emigrants have been provided overseas

employment but no country has ever reported

their involvement in any type of illegal activities

About 0.2 million Pakistani workers proceed

abroad for employment annually.

Computerized National Identity Cards issued by

NADRA to bonafide Pakistanis after due security

clearance and personal appearance of the

individual.

2424

CountryCountry YEARSYEARS

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 ( (up to July)up to July)

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia 6742567425 9726297262 104783104783 126397126397 7089670896 2088320883

UAEUAE 2655126551 1842118421 3411334113 6132961329 6578665786 4119441194

OmanOman 43804380 38023802 9595 69116911 89828982 48624862

QatarQatar 32273227 16331633 480480 367367 23832383 789789

BahrainBahrain 901901 11731173 10221022 809809 855855 10071007

KuwaitKuwait 122122 440440 32043204 1208712087 1449814498 64106410

YemenYemen 55 2525 7373 8585 157157 4040

LibyaLibya 17891789 713713 781781 13741374 365365 240240

MalaysiaMalaysia 193193 6464 5959 114114 6565 16201620

Korea Korea 10711071 271271 564564 21442144 24742474 813813

UKUK 235235 800800 703703 858858 14191419 926926

USAUSA 700700 788788 310310 140140 130130 123123

ItalyItaly 325325 824824 4848 128128 581581 256256

Spain Spain 9090 362362 389389 202202 254254 241241

OthersOthers 719719 13511351 798798 10941094 49794979 10041004

Total:Total: 107733107733 127929127929 147422147422 214039214039 173824173824 8040880408

2525

BROAD-BASED CATEGORY-WISE PAKISTANI BROAD-BASED CATEGORY-WISE PAKISTANI EMIGRATION FOR THE LAST 6 YEARSEMIGRATION FOR THE LAST 6 YEARS

Broad-based Broad-based Categories.Categories.

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 2005 2005 (up to (up to July)July)

Highly qualifiedHighly qualified 29992999 31553155 26182618 27192719 32913291 19971997

Highly skilled Highly skilled 102092102092 1084610846 1477814778 2215222152 1555715557 84298429

Skilled Skilled 5411054110 6409864098 7496874968 101713101713 7703377033 3458734587

Semi-skilledSemi-skilled 21252125 27682768 32363236 46014601 38403840 26802680

Un-skilledUn-skilled 3820738207 4706247062 5182251822 8285482854 7410374103 3271532715

TotalTotal 107733107733 127929127929 147422147422 214039214039 173824173824 8040880408

2626

An Overseas Employment Promoter can only process a

demand from abroad if he is in possession of Power of

Attorney and Demand letter from the foreign employer

which shall be attested by either of the following:

a). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the host country.

b). Embassy of the host country in Pakistan.

c). Embassy of Pakistan in the country of

employer. In case of Malaysia power of attorney and demand

letter are required to be attested only by CWA after

verification of jobs availability, financial soundness

and genuineness of employer.

PROCESSING OF FOREIGN DEMANDDocuments

2727

Grant of permission by the Protector of Emigrants to the

concerned Overseas Employment Promoters . Advertisement in the National News papers Selection from Data Bank maintained by Overseas

Employment Promoters. Trade test/interview by foreign employer himself or his

authorized representative to select right person for the

right job. Police verification certificate from District Police Officer Medical examination from Medical Centers approved by

host country. Arrangement of employment visa. Deposit of prescribed fee in designated banks.

PROCEDURE

2828

Machine Readable Passports issued by the Director General Passport after due security clearance and personal appearance of the individual

Personal appearance of the workers before Protector of Emigrants at the time of registration.

Clearance of each worker from Police authorities (requirement of the Malaysian Government)

Close liaison with FIA regarding illegal emigration and issues of mutual interest.

2929

WELFARE SERVICES FOR THE MIGRANT WELFARE SERVICES FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS AND THEIR FAMILIES/DEPENDENTS.WORKERS AND THEIR FAMILIES/DEPENDENTS.

Financial Aid. Compensation/Assistance to the Gulf War

Affectees. Health Facilities. Free Ambulance Services for Transpiration

of Dead Bodies of Overseas Pakistanis. Education Facilities, Scholarships and

Merit Awards. Housing Schemes. Radio Broadcast.

3030

ENHANCEMENT OF SKILLS TO IMPROVE OVERSEAS ENHANCEMENT OF SKILLS TO IMPROVE OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM TO BENEFIT MIGRANT EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM TO BENEFIT MIGRANT WORKERS. WORKERS.

Imparting of training to officers of Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment, labour Attaches/ Community Welfare Attaches posted in Pak- Missions abroad to look after /welfare of emigrants.

Training of licensed Overseas Employment Promoters.

Awareness compaign for migrant workers through Print and Electric Media.

Interaction with country of destination for proper look after for interest of migrants.

3131

PRE-DEPARTURE BRIEFING Briefing regarding terms and conditions of

service by Overseas Employment Promoters Briefing by O & B officer on the climate, social,

customs, traditions and labour laws of the host country, Dos & Don'ts while abroad and voluntary willingness of the emigrant to serve abroad.

Briefing by Protector of Emigrants on terms & conditions of service as given in employment contract.

Malaysia bound workers shall get briefing and orientation as modules prescribed by Malaysian Government.

3232

REGISTRATION OF WORKERS. Execution of Foreign Service Agreement

/Contract between emigrant and the employer or the Overseas Employment Promoter on behalf the employer.

Foreign Service Agreement covers terms & conditions, salary and other fringe benefits.

Registration of Foreign Service Agreement /Contract with Protector of Emigrants is mandatory.

Every worker is insured with an Insurance company .

3333

Overseas Employment Promoter who indulges

in mal-practices and over charging is dealt with

severally as under:

Licence is cancelled.

Licence is suspended for a specified period.

Security is forfeited in whole or in part.

Special courts to try offences.

Imprisonment which may extend to 14 years.

VIOLATION OF EMIGRATION LAW

3434

Thanks