2012-01-12_JMMC-Hazards_15min_Anett-Blischke

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Hydrocarbon exploration in deep water, offshore environmentalconsiderations and geo-hazards

Environmental parameters Reservoir depth (drilling depth, drill path & position) Water depth Sea currents, weather & wave heights Sea & surface temperature Sea ice Distance to shore Wild life

Deep water geo-hazards Complex & unstable sea beds Active & changing foundations Shallow geo-pressure Drilling hazards Deep sea environmental issues

Known hazards in O&G drilling and production operations process

Knowing preventive measures beforehand contingency planning Define possible environmental, geo- or technical hazards Risk assessment and mitigation is essential Detailed contingency planning

ORKUSTOFNUNNational Energy Authority

30 th Nord ic Geolo gic al Winter Meeting , Reykjav k, Januar y 12, 2012


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Jan Egil Arneb erg, BayernGas, Norge, Iceland Explo ration Conference, 2008

Environmental impact parameters comparison


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Environment impact parametersMain conclusions from the SEA (Strategic Environment Assessment)

Water depths 1000m to 2000 m in 80% of the area

Great variability in biomass and consequently in habitats

The area is important feeding ground for pelagic fish, especially herring,

and possibly for whales

On-site current measurements needed (collected 2007-2008)

Need for registration and mapping of delicate habitats of benthicspecies (started in 2008)

No information on demersal fish in the area (investigated in 2009)


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Gygrid o ffshore d evelopment examp le, FMC Techno logies , Inc. , Jan. 2011

Deep sea drilling and operations example


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Deep Water Geo-Hazards

Complex & unstable sea beds Soft, thick and high fluid content sediments

at sea floor Rugged, steep and sloping topography that

can lead to failure with sediment flows andturbidites Rapid sedimentation and erosional

processes

Active & changing foundations Continuous and active faulting can lead to

foundation instability Salt tectonics and sea floor deformations Steep fault scarps and extreme topography



Reference: modified after Kelvin Chow, Fugro, 2006

Shallow geo-pressure Shallow water flows Weakened sea bed and sub-sea bed

foundation

Mud volcanoes, diapirs, fluid ventsDrilling hazards

Shallow gas Gas hydrates Shallow water flow

Deep sea environmental issues Deep sea currents Oscillating deep sea currents


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Possible Environmental and Geo-Hazards to consider



Steve Wardlaw and Richard Salisbury, Fugro GeoConsu lt ing, Geophyics and Geohazards Defining Subsea Engin eering Risk, March 2010


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Deep Water Geo-Hazards Applicability for the Jan Mayen Ridge

Complex & unstable sea beds Soft, thick and high fluid content sediments at sea floor Rugged, steep and sloping topography that can lead to failure with

sediment flows and turbidites Rapid sedimentation and erosional processes possible

gravitational failure on steep slopes of the JMR

Active & changing foundations Continuous and active faulting can lead to foundation instability Salt tectonics and sea floor deformations Steep fault scarps and extreme topography Earth quakes



Reference: modified after

Kelvin Chow, Fugro, 2006


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50

5

E l e v a

t i o n

D i p



Minding TopographyMulti-beam Surv ey 2008

Marine Research Institute & NEA

Possibly polygonal fault pattern related to de-watering of clay rich soft sediments.


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National Energy Authority30 th Nord ic Geolo gic al Winter Meeting , Reykjav k, Januar y 12, 2012

Minding TopographyMulti-beam Surv ey 2008

Marine Research Ins titute & NEA

Sediment s l ide example


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50

5

E l e v a

t i o n

D i p



Minding Topography

Identifying steep slopeareas

Modified Multi-beam Surv ey 2008 Marine Research Institute & NEA


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Deep Water Geo-Hazards Applicability for the Jan Mayen Ridge

Shallow geo-pressure Shallow water flows ?

Weakened sea bed and sub-sea bedfoundation Mud volcanoes ? , diapirs, fluid vents

Drilling hazards

Shallow gas

possible Gas hydrates possible Shallow water flow ?



Reference: modified after

Kelvin Chow, Fugro, 2006


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Possible indications of Gas Hydrates: Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) or diagenetic effects?

Data by courtesy of

NNESSW

T W T ( m s )

~500ms


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Possible indications of Gas

Hydrates: BottomSimulating Reflector (BSR)or diagenetic effects?

Potent ial BSR m apped over the Dreki area of th e JMMC




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Fluid vent example Southeastern JMR

Seabed

Pleistocene - Pliocene UC Late Oligocene - Miocene UC Base Late Oligocene Top Eocene UC Middle Eocene UC Top Paleocene

Eocene Oligocene Intrusive

Data by courtesy of

NNESSW



900m

T W

T

( m s )


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Steep slopes and gravitational failure example - JMR

Data by courtesy of NWSE

T W T ( m s ) 3000m


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Deep sea environmental issues

Deep sea bottom currents

weak flow Oscillating deep sea currents

local seasonal variations



Surface currents in the North-Atlantic

Measurements conducted by taking ADCP profiles from a ship and by ananchored mooring

Weak flow of bottom current velocityin the area on the order of 5 cm/s

Seasonal variation between upper current and bottom flows

Marine Research Institute, 2007


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Kjell Arne Mork et al, 2011

Curtesy of Ste ingr imur Jnsson, Univers i ty of A kureyr i


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Necessity to specifying Risk Risk Matrix Example

Steve Wardlaw and Richard Salisbury, Fugro GeoConsu lt ing, Geophyics and Geohazards Defining Subsea Engin eering Risk, March 2010


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Need to be realistic: Accidents during the offshore oil and gas development dohappen - but they need to be avoided as far as planning, technology and operationsare concerned.

Safety and environmental regulations have to be followed !

Not to follow short cuts due to time or financial pressure this has played a role inthe events leading up to most recorded incidents of disaster and pollution.

Most typical causes of accidents include: Equipment failure Personnel mistakes Extreme natural impacts (seismic activity, ice fields, hurricanes, etc.)

Main hazards are connected with: Spills and blowouts of oil, condensate, gas, and other chemical substances Environmental consequences can be severe near shore, in shallow waters or areas

with slow water circulation.

Summary


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ORKUSTOFNUN30 th Nord ic Geolo gic al Winter Meeting Reykjav k Januar y 12 2012

Thank you very much for your attention !

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2012-01-12_JMMC-Hazards_15min_Anett-Blischke

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