2012 ZEV Amendments

Benefits of Small Battery PHEVs – Toyota

January 2012

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ RAV4-EV ]

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ RAV4-EV ]

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)[ Prius PHEV ]

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)[ Prius PHEV ]

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ FT-EV ]

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)[ FT-EV ]

FCV-R (FCV-R (December 2011Tokyo Motor Show)

FCV-R (FCV-R (December 2011Tokyo Motor Show)

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)[ Prius ]

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)[ Prius ]

Toyota’s Advanced Technology Portfolio

3

Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments

Cumulative % of Daily Travel Distance

Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov

Cumulative % of Daily Energy Use15 mile PHEV

35 mile PHEV

73 mile BEV

Total Sample Size: 81,096 Vehicles(Vehicle Type 1 - Automobile/Car/Station Wagon)

Daily Travel Distance in the US

4

Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile IncrementsData Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov

Percentage of Reports

Percent of Drivers vs. Daily Travel Distance

5

Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments

Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov

Perc

en

t Tota

l G

asolin

e C

on

su

mp

tion

Baseline Consumption vs. Daily Travel Distance

Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments

6Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov

Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments

61% Savings From EV

No Fuel Savings From HV

61% Savings Total

EV Data AssumedElectric Range (mi) 73Gas-mode Fuel Economy (mpg) NA

Perc

en

t Tota

l G

asolin

e C

on

su

mp

tion

EV Analysis

7Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov

Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments

Perc

en

t Tota

l G

asolin

e C

on

su

mp

tion PHEV Data Assumed

Electric Range (mi) 35Gas-mode Fuel Economy (mpg) 37

62% Savings From EV

8% Savings From HV

70% Savings Total

35 Mile PHEV Analysis

8

Perc

en

t Tota

l G

asolin

e C

on

su

mp

tion

Data Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2009 National Household Travel Survey. URL: http://nhts.ornl.gov

Daily Travel Distance in 5 Mile Increments

PHEV Data AssumedElectric Range (mi) 15Gas-mode Fuel Economy (mpg) 49

36% Savings From EV

26% Savings From HV

62% Savings Total

15 Mile PHEV Analysis

73 mile EV

35 mile PHEV

15 mile PHEV Comment

1. Coverage of Daily Travel

Distance

For an EV, 2nd vehicle needed for travel > EV range, or widespread fast charging infrastructure

2. Gasoline Saved

(100% of Gasoline used on all DTDs up to 600

miles)

15 mile PHEV can potentially save significant percentages of gasoline, similar to EVs and 35 mile PHEVs.

3. Relative Battery Cost

Incentives reduce customer costs, but not total cost; Offset ratio varies by battery size

100%

100%

36%

36%

62%

5.5x

1x

3.6x

68%

62%

70%

HV

Conclusions

90%

61%

Benefits of Small Battery PHEVs

• PHEVs can offer significant fuel savings (and vehicle GHG reductions), since they can be used for all daily driving without the need for a second vehicle for longer drive distances.

• Shorter range hybrid technology with efficient blended architecture can exhibit similar gasoline savings as more expensive large battery Plug-in Electric vehicles (EV and PHEV)

• Smaller batteries are more fully utilized and thus the amount of EV-driving per unit of capacity(cost) is higher than for larger batteries.