©Black & Veatch Holding Company 2015. A
ll rights reserved.
2014REDU
Imple
BLACK & V
PREPARED
Miam
30 APRIL
4 ANNUUCTION
ementa
VEATCH PROJE
D FOR
i‐Dade W
L 2015
UAL WAN PLAN
ation St
ECT NO. 18783
Water an
ATER LN
tatus Re
2
nd Sewe
LOSS
eport
er Depart
®
tment
®
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Table of Contents i
Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 BackgroundandScopeofWork..........................................................................................................12.0 2014WaterAuditandWaterLossOverview................................................................................3
2.1 WaterLossControlImprovementsintheAuditYear................................................................32.2 EstimatedWaterSavings.......................................................................................................................42.3 AWWAWaterBalanceAnalysisOverview.....................................................................................42.4 WaterLossStandardsandReductionStrategies.........................................................................6
3.0 DataAnalysis..........................................................................................................................................114.0 WaterTreatmentPlantLosses.........................................................................................................255.0 Results.......................................................................................................................................................37
5.1 RealWaterLossGoals..........................................................................................................................375.2 ApparentWaterLossGoal..................................................................................................................38
6.0 Recommendations................................................................................................................................396.1 RecommendedBestPracticeImprovements.............................................................................406.2 EconomicAnalysisofLosses.............................................................................................................47
AppendixA. ImplementationPlan.............................................................................................................49AppendixB. WaterAuditReport................................................................................................................61AppendixC. WaterUsePermit....................................................................................................................63
LIST OF TABLES Table2‐1 StandardAWWAWaterBalanceAnalysis......................................................................................4Table2‐2 DetailsofSelectedKeyPerformanceIndicators..........................................................................8Table3‐1 Miami‐DadeWaterandSewerDepartmentWaterTreatedandWaterSales..............13Table3‐2 WaterSuppliedValidationGrading................................................................................................14Table3‐3 AuthorizedConsumptionValidationGrading............................................................................15Table3‐4 WaterLossesValidationGrading....................................................................................................17Table3‐5 LeakDetectionEquipmentSummary............................................................................................18Table3‐6 SystemDataValidationGrading......................................................................................................20Table3‐7 OperatingCostDetails2014..............................................................................................................20Table3‐8 RetailUnitCostCY2013.....................................................................................................................21Table3‐9 FY2014WaterVolumetricRate......................................................................................................22Table3‐10 VariableProductionCost2014........................................................................................................23Table3‐11 CostDataValidationGrading............................................................................................................23Table4‐1 WTPCapacitiesandFlows.................................................................................................................25Table4‐2 SummaryofBiscayneAquiferWellfields.....................................................................................25Table4‐3 SummaryofFloridanAquiferWellfields......................................................................................26Table4‐4 AlexOrrWTPRawWaterFlows......................................................................................................28
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
ii APRIL 2015
Table4‐5 Hialeah&PrestonWTPsCombinedRawWaterFlows..........................................................30Table4‐6 OrrWTPTreatedvs.RawWaterFlows........................................................................................33Table4‐7 VenturiMeterCalibrationResults:RawandFinishedWater.............................................36Table5‐1 PerformanceIndicatorsFY2014....................................................................................................37Table6‐1 ExampleMeterVolumeWarranties...............................................................................................45Table6‐2 AWWAStandardFlowTestRanges...............................................................................................46
LIST OF FIGURES Figure2‐1 WaterAuditsoftwareforCY2014.....................................................................................................5Figure2‐2 TheStandardIWAWaterBalance......................................................................................................7Figure3‐1 ExampleMeterAccuracyAnalysisofDegradingMeters(below90%
accuracy)from20125/8‐inchmetertests.................................................................................17Figure3‐2 AverageLengthofServiceLine,MeterattheCurbStop(Source:AWWA
Software)...................................................................................................................................................19Figure4‐1 AlexOrrWTPRawWaterFlows......................................................................................................29Figure4‐2 Hialeah/PrestonCombinedRawWaterFlows..........................................................................31Figure4‐3 PrestonWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows....................................31Figure4‐4 HialeahWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows....................................32Figure4‐5 Hialeah/PrestonWTPsCombinedDifferencebetweenTreatedandRaw
WaterFlows.............................................................................................................................................32Figure4‐6 OrrWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows.............................................34Figure6‐1 ExamplePressureLoggerInstallation..........................................................................................44
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Introduction 1
1.0 Introduction TheSouthFloridaWaterManagementDistrict(SFWMDorDistrict)requiredtheMiami‐DadeWaterandSewerDepartment(MDWASD)toprepareanannualstatusreportofits20‐yearWaterLossReductionPlanimplementation,perLimitingCondition49oftheMiami‐DadeCountyWaterUsePermit‐PermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐Wof16July,2012.TheDepartmentretainedBlack&VeatchCorp(Black&Veatch)topreparethe2014AnnualWaterLossReductionPlanImplementationStatusReport(2014AnnualStatusReport)andprovideassistancewiththePlanimplementationin2014.Thisdocumentisthe2014AnnualStatusReport,whichincludeswaterauditsasrequiredbyLimitingCondition49oftheformerWaterUsePermit.
TheMDWASDwatersystemconsistsofthreeregionalwatertreatmentplants(WTPs),theSouthDadeWaterSystem(aseriesofwellfieldsandfivesmalltreatmentfacilities),treatedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilities,andapproximately7,700milesofwatertransmissionanddistributionpipelines.TheregionalfacilitiesaretheHialeah,JohnE.Preston,andAlexanderOrr,Jr.WTPs,whichhaveatotalcombineddesignedratedtreatmentcapacityof473MGD.TheHialeahandPrestonplantsservethenorthpartofthesystem,theAlexOrrplantservesthecentralpartofthesystem,andfivesmallwellfieldsandtreatmentfacilities,referredtoastheSouthDadeWaterSystemthatservesthesouthernmostpartoftheCounty.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemhasapermittedtreatmentcapacityof14.19MGDcollectivelyandconsistsof12wellssituatedintheLeisureCity(fourwells),Everglades(threewells),ElevatedTank(twowells),Newton(twowells),andNaranja(onewell)wellfields.
Distributionoffinishedwaterthroughouttheserviceareaisaccomplishedwiththeuseofsevenremotefinishedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilitiesaswellasstorageandpumpingstationslocatedatthewatertreatmentfacilities.Thewatersystemservesapproximately447,722retailcustomers,and15wholesalecustomersinaserviceareaofapproximately400squaremiles
Theoverallannualaveragedailyflowoftheentiresystemisapproximately302MGD.Rawwatersupplyforthethreetreatmentplantsiscurrentlydrawnfrom83Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedinthemajorwellfields(MiamiSprings,Northwest,West,Southwest,andSnapperCreek)andseveralwellsonsiteatthethreetreatmentplants.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemisservedby12Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedatthefivesmallerwellfieldsmentionedabove.
TwonewWTPswillprovideadditionalcapacitytothewatersystem.ThenewHialeahReverseOsmosis(RO)WTPisownedjointlybytheCityofHialeahandMDWASD.TheROplantwillhaveaninitialtreatmentcapacityof10MGDanditisdesignedtohaveanultimatecapacityof17.5MGD.TherawwatersourceforthisplantwillbethebrackishUpperFloridanaquifer.TheHialeahROWTPcommencedservicein2014.TheproposedSouthMiamiHeightsWTPwillreplacethreeofthesmalltreatmentplantsoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Thisplantwillbea20MGDmembranesofteningandROplantandwillhavethecapacitytotreatwaterfromboththeBiscayneandFloridanaquifers.Thisplantisscheduledtogointoservicein2019.
1.1 BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF WORK TheDepartment’s20‐yearWaterLossReductionPlanwasbasedonanevaluationoftheDepartment’swatersupplyanddemandforFiscalYear(FY)2005.OnNovember15,2007,theSFWMDapprovedandissuedtheDepartmentitsConsolidatedPublicWaterSupply(PWS)WaterUsePermit(WUP)‐WaterUsePermitNo.13‐00017‐W.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
2 APRIL 2015
InDecember2009,theDepartmentsubmittedanapplicationforapermitmodificationtotheSFWMDpertainingtotheDepartment’salternativewatersupplyplan.Themodificationswererequestedasaresultofthelowerdemandsexperiencedandpopulationprojections.
InNovember2010,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐Wwhichexpiresin2030.
InMay2011,theDepartmentsubmittedasecondapplicationforasecondpermitmodificationtoSFWMDpertainingtotheDepartment’salternativewatersupplyplan.Theproposedmodificationswererequestedbasedoncurrentwaterusereductions,asaresultofthelowerthananticipatedpopulationgrowth,waterlossreductionandthesuccessfulimplementationoftheDepartment’sWaterConservationPlan,andpermanenttwodayaweeklandscapeirrigationrestrictionsbycountywideordinance.TheCounty’sfinishedwaterdemandisnowapproximately40milliongallonsperday(MGD)lowerthanwhatwasanticipatedwhenthefirst20‐yearwaterusepermitapplicationwassubmittedin2007,andthisdemandreductionhaseliminatedtheanticipatedsupplyshortagewhichwasthebasisforanambitiousscheduleofseveralcostlynear‐termalternativewatersupplyprojects.
InJuly16,2012,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐WwhichexpiresinDecember16,2030.AcopyoftherevisedWUPisincludedinAppendixC.
InFebruaryof2015,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐000017‐WwhichexpiresonFebruary9,2035.
TheWaterLossReductionPlanrecommendedrealandapparentwaterlossmitigationapproachesoverthenext20yearswithcorrespondingmonetarysavingsandimplementationschedulerecommendations.TheschedulesoftherealandapparentwaterlossreductionactivitiesarepresentedinAppendixAasExhibits17Aand17BoftherevisedWUP.Thetablesalsoprovidetheanticipatedannualwatersavingsandassociatedannualvalueofwatersavingsforthewaterlossreductionactivities.KeyrequirementsoftheWaterLossReductionPlanare:
Quarterlydeterminationofdistributionsystemlosses
AnnualreportingofdistributionsystemlossesonApril30ofeachyearforthepreviouscalendaryear
Determinationoflossesineachwatertreatmentplant(WTP)
WaterauditsinaccordancewithIWA/AWWAstandardmethodologies
Plannedannualreportingofwaterlossreductionactivitiesandexpenditures,alongwithassociatedwatersavingsforthesubsequentcalendaryear
Annualreportingofwaterlossreductiontrendsandchangesfromthepreviousyear
AnnualreportingofadditionalwaterlossreductionactivitiesifwaterlossesasdefinedbyAWWAmethodologyexceedtenpercent.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview 3
2.0 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview BothrealandapparentlossesareveryimportanttotheDepartment,specificallyleakageofmains,andservicelines,theaccuracyofmetersandtheinteraction/analysisofthecustomerbillingsystem.TheDepartmentcontinuouslyisimplementingimprovementsthatcanbemadetoenhancerevenueandimproveefficiency.In2014,1,240waterleakswererepairedaspro‐activeleakdetectionmeasurescontinuetobeimproved.
2.1 WATER LOSS CONTROL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AUDIT YEAR
2.1.1 Validation of Results
MDWASDhasincreasedandimproveditseffortsoverthepastcalendaryeartomoreaccuratelyunderstandandauditallthevariableswithintheAWWAstandardwateraudit.Inordertomakeinformeddecisionsasignificantamountofmetertesting,analysisofleakageandwatersupplieshasimprovedthevalidation.TheestimatedvalidationutilizingtheAWWAgradinghasdecreasedfrom77to75(outof100)between2013and2014.Whilethisisadecreaseingradingitsignifiesabetterunderstandingofcertainvariablesincludingaslightlymoreaccuratedescriptionofgradinginthefinancialauditofthesystemandunbilledmeteredusage.Thisresultsinimprovementinthelevelofunderstandingofthewatersystem.
2.1.2 Leakage Reduction
In2014therehasbeenacontinuedfocusonleakagereduction.Theleakagecontrolgrouphasincreasedthefrequencyofsurveysandcontinuednightshiftworktogetaccesstositesnotnormallypossibletosurveyduringtheday(busyintersections,etc.).Pilotschemesevaluatingautomationofleakagedetectionactivitieshavealsobeeninitiatedbytestingacousticleaknoiseloggersconnectedtodatacollectorsystems.Theoperationsgrouphasalsocontinuedtoreviewthelocationsofdifferenttypesofleakageinordertobetterunderstandthenatureofleakagewithrespecttopipematerialandsize.Thishasalsoledtothestartofamajordualmainreplacementprojectwhichtargetssmallgalvanizedservicelineswhicharelocalizedinalleywaysorbehindhomes.
In2014,1,240waterleakswererepairedasaresultofthewaterleakdetectioncrewsefforts.Thehighnumberofleakslocatedcanpartiallybeattributedtoamoreintensiveloggerplacementstrategy.
Thewaterleakdetectionprogramwasreconfiguredin2000.Thecrewhasbeenreducedtoninefull‐timestaffastheequipmentbecomesmorereliable(increasedefficiency).Thesystemisbrokenintofourterritoriesforacousticsurvey.Theteamsworkfromsouthtonorthandreportedlycompletethesystemsurveyonceevery10months.Theterritoriesaredefinedas;south,centraleast,centralwest,andnorth.
Currentlyallsurveyingiscompletedbyloggers.Overtimestaffhasdecreasedthespacingbetweenloggerssetforlift‐and‐shiftsurveying.Whatstartedoutas1000’intervalswasreducedto500’.Whenthespacingwasreducedto100’,thenumberofleaksdetectedincreasedasmorequietandserviceleakswereidentified.Manyoftheleaksthatledtothisincreaseinnumberoffailuresdeterminedwerearesultofservicelineleakswhereleadgoosenecksorpolybutyleneservicelineswerepresent.Leaksarepinpointedon‐sitewithrealtimecorrelatorsandgroundmicrophoneinstrumentation.Thepinpointingequipmentisoperatedbyexperiencedpersonnel.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
4 APRIL 2015
Inadditiontotheliftandshiftmethodofsurvey,theDepartmenthascompletedanautomated,fixednetworkpilotprogramasawaytosurveyanareaonamorefrequentbasis.
AllleaksarereportedanddocumentedintheGISsystem.Thisinformationismonitoredcloselytodeterminewhetherasectionofwaterlineshouldbescheduledforreplacement.Aspartoftheprocess,thecrewtracksthetimeittakesfromthedaytheleakispinpointedtothetimeofrepair.Repairinformation,whichincludesabasicpipeassessment/failureanalysis,isalsotrackedviaGIS.
2.1.3 Meter Testing and Replacement
Themetertestingprogramhasbeencontinuedin2014includingbothresidentialandincreasedtestingwithregardstocommercialmeters.Allmeters3”andlargerarenowtestedonanannualbasis.Allwholesalemeters(whenpossible)aretestedtwiceperyear.This,coupledwiththecontinuingproductionmetertestingallowstheDepartmenttomoreaccuratelyallocatethelossesshownontheaudit.
2.1.4 Asset Condition Assessment
ThePureTechnologiesconditionassessmentprogramtargetedthelargepre‐stressedconcretecylinder(PCCP)transmissionmains.TheDepartmentiscontinuingtodeploytechnologiesthatpermittheinspectionoflivelineswithoutinterruptingthewaterservices.Watertransmissionlinesarebeinginspectedandconditionassessmentreportsarebeingprovidedtomanagefailureriskofcriticalpipelines.
2.2 ESTIMATED WATER SAVINGS PartoftheWUPistoprovethelevelofwatersavingsandcontinuallyimprovewaterlosscontrolthrough2035.The2014auditanalysisshowsthattheapparentlosseshavestabilizedandanumberofnewprojectsareunderwaytoreducethislevelfurther.Thelevelofsavingsneedstobetrendedovertimetoproveoutthatthesavingsareconsistentandimprovingthesystem’sefficiency.Astheunderstandingofthelosses(bothrealandapparent)improves,theseauditvaluesmaychange.
2.3 AWWA WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS OVERVIEW ThewaterbalancewascreatedusingtheAWWASoftware,andanalysisofexistingdataprovidedbytheDepartment.The2014dataincomparisonto2011,2012,and2013dataareshownonTable2‐1.Itshouldbenotedthattherearestillafewareaswheredatavalidationneedstobeimprovedtoproveouttheperformanceindicators.
Table 2‐1 Standard AWWA Water Balance Analysis
PERFORMANCEINDICATOR(PI) UNITS 2011 2012 2013 2014
TotalNRW(%byvolume) % 30.2% 27.9% 26.7% 29.1%
ApparentLoss Gallons/conn/day 44 22 22 22
RealLoss Gallons/conn/day 126 120 113 127
AWWAgrading (1‐100) 73 78 77 75
Miami‐Dad
BLACK & VE
Figure2‐thedatafflowandauditare
Figure 2‐1
de Water and
EATCH | 2014 W
1showsascfortheFigurbillingrecorfoundinApp
Water
Sewer Depart
Water Audit and
creenshotofte2‐1weredrdsanalyzedpendixB.
Audit softwar
ment | 2014 A
Water Loss Ove
thecompletedevelopedfroforcalendar
re for CY 2014
ANNUAL WATE
erview
edAWWAFromtheinformryear2014.T
ER LOSS REDUC
reeWaterAumationproviThedetailed
CTION PLAN
uditSoftwareidedbytheDreportingw
e©for2014.ADepartment,worksheetsfo
5
Allandorthe
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
6 APRIL 2015
Section3Analysisofthisreportisstructuredintheformatofthestandardwaterbalance,focusingonthefollowingsections:watersupplied,authorizedconsumption,waterlosses,systemdataandcostdata.TheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©(version5.0)hasbeenusedtocalculatealltherequiredindicators.Thisisthenusedtodevelopanoverallwaterbalance,andrelevantperformanceindicators.Eachvariablehasbeendiscussedandthereasoningbehindeachvaluerecorded.AllvaluesnotedinthissectionhavebeendevelopedfromdataprovidedbyMDWASD,andarefortheCalendarYear2014.
In overview, the data provided by MDWASD appears to be of good quality and validation. Theoveralldatavalidationscoreof75/100isgood.
Thereareanumberofvariablesthatarecurrentlyestimated(includingmeteraccuracy,andunbilledunmeteredwater).AllthedatadevelopedisincludedeitherintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©,orinadditionalspreadsheetsattachedtothismemoinAppendixB.
Thereportedperformanceofapparentlossesofapproximately22gallonsperconnectionperday,thereallossperformanceofapproximately127gallonsperconnectionperday,andInfrastructureLeakageIndexof10.49arerelativelyhigh,butstillwithintherangeofperformanceindicatorsforutilitiesofsimilarsizeandagewithinNorthAmerica.
Itshouldbenotedthatthelevelofrealwaterlosshasincreasedslightlyfrom2013to2014.Thelevelofapparentlosswasrelativelystableandoverallwaterlossreduced.
2.4 WATER LOSS STANDARDS AND REDUCTION STRATEGIES Thissectionpresentscurrentinternationalwaterlossreductionstrategies,andhighlightstheadvantages,disadvantages,andtheirapplicabilitytotheDepartment’ssystem.Inthissectionthefollowingwillbecovered:
Identifycurrentwaterlossreductionstrategies,
Critiqueandhighlightadvantagesanddisadvantagesofidentifiedstrategies,
ComparestrategyimplementationtocurrentDepartmentpolicy,and
Researchstrategyandimplementation.
Waterlossreductionstrategiesarebestbuiltuponcalibratedandstandardizedmodels.Therearetwokindsofauditsthatcanbeperformed:atop‐downwateraudit,andabottom‐upwateraudit.Thefollowingsectionissplitintotwoparts.Thefirstpart,thetop‐downwateraudit,discussesthemodeling/audittoolsandmethodsthatareusedtoproperlyquantifylosses,anddesignthestrategy.Thesecondpart,thebottom‐upwateraudit,discussesinterventiontoolscommonlyusedtoreducelosses.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview 7
2.4.1 Top‐Down Water Audit
ThefirststepoftheTop‐DownWaterAuditistoidentifyagroupofstakeholderswithintheutilitytoaidwithgatheringtherequireddataforafirstlookattheutilityperformance.Dataisgatheredandenteredinitiallyintoasimplewaterbalancemodel.Thewaterbalancemodelprovidesthelevelofdetailforwhichdataiscurrentlyavailableatthisdesktopanalysis(top‐down)level.Figure2‐2showsthemajorcomponentsofthemostcurrentAWWA/IWAstandardwaterbalancemodel.
Own Sources
Corrected System Input Volume
Water Export
Authorized Consumption
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Water Exported
Revenue Water
Water Supply
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Un‐metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Non‐Revenue Water (NRW)
Water Imported
Unbilled Un‐metered Consumption
Water Losses
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
Customer Metering Inaccuracies and Data Handling Errors
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering
Figure 2‐2 The Standard IWA Water Balance
Oncedataisgathered,andtheutilitystartsenteringitinthewaterbalancemodel,itislikelythatsomecomponentsoftherequireddataareeithernotavailableorwereoriginallyderivedfromestimatesorengineeringjudgments.Duringthetop‐downauditingprocess,thesecomponentsareassignedarelativelylowdataconfidencelevelthroughastandardizedgradingsystemdevelopedbyAWWAintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©.
Evenwithbasicdata,mostutilitiesfindthattheyareabletoprepareaninitialwaterbalance.Confidenceorgradinglevelsforeachinputcomponentisrecorded,andthemodelprovidesanaggregatedconfidencelevelforthemainwaterlosscomponentcategories.
Onceanaggregateconfidencelevelisobtained,theutilitycanidentifythecomponentsthatwillhavethelargestimpactonimprovingtheaggregatedconfidenceofeithertheapparentlossvolumeorthereallossvolume.Theseinputcomponentsarethentypicallyprioritizedforfieldvalidationasdiscussedbelow.
2.4.2 Data Validation & Confidence Limits
Thekeytobuildingabusinesscaseforinterventionagainstwaterlossistobaseitonfacts.Buildingabusinesscaseonanecdotalorestimateddatacanresultincostlyinvestmentsthatdonotprovidetheexpectedreturn.Field‐validatingdatacanbeexpensive,butthealternativemaybemoreexpensiveifthewrongdecisionsaremade.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
8 APRIL 2015
Withoutfieldvalidationofdata,aninterimmeasureincludestheanalysisusingthegradingscaleassociatedwiththeAWWAwaterauditsoftware(AWWA‐Version5.0,2014).Thismeasurementisnotasvalidasafield‐studyaudit.However,itgivesanindicationoftheaccuracyofresults,andwheredatacollectionandwaterlossinvestmentshouldbetargeted.
Currently,MDWASDhasanestimateddataconfidencegradeof75(outof100)ontheAWWAsoftwareforCY2014.Thisgradeisdevelopedthroughestimationofthedatavalidityofeachoftheinputvalues.Asthevalidationofdataimproves,thisgradewillalsoimprove.Thecurrentgradesuggeststhatthedatastillneedtobeimproved,butthatsomehigh‐leveldecisionsontargetingofresourcescanbemadetoimprovethelevelofservice,reducelosses,andenhancerevenue.
Onetypicalplacetobeginfieldvalidationisusuallywiththeassessmentoftheaccuracyofthesupplymeters,andanupdatetothesuppliedvolumeenteredinthemodelfortheauditperiod.Afterinvestigationofthesupplymeters,thenextstepisanassessmentoftheaccuracyofvariouscategoriesofconsumermeters.MDWASDhasconductedcalibrationtestingofallthesupplymetersfromthetreatmentplantsin2012,2013,and2014.Consumermeteraccuracyvalidationisusuallydoneonstatisticallyrepresentativebatchesofmeters.Afinalstepinthisprocessistovalidatethevariousconsumptionvolumes.
2.4.3 Performance Indicators
Anothercomponentofthewaterbalancemodelinadditiontoconfidencelevelsistheexistenceofperformanceindicators(PIs).Thenewstandardauditprovidesperformanceindicatorsforallofthewaterlosscomponents,aswellasforsomeofthebasicfinancialindicators(Table2‐2).Astheauditisrefinedovertime,additionalPIscanbeincorporatedtoexpandthescopeanddepthoftheanalysis.Theuseofvariousindicators,asopposedtotheoldpracticeofusingapercentagelossbasedonthetotalwatersupplied,allowstheutilitytoaccuratelyproducebaselinedata,trackperformance,andsettargetswithpriorityonthecomponentsofwaterlossthatwillreapthemostcosteffectivereturns.
Table 2‐2 Details of Selected Key Performance Indicators
COMPONENT TYPE BASICPI DETAILEDPI
Non‐RevenueWater(NRW)
Financial VolumeofNRWas%ofSystemInputVolume
ValueofNRWas%ofcostofrunningsystem.$forapparentandreallosses.
RealLosses(RL) WaterResources
VolumeofRLas%ofSystemInputVolume
RealLossesSystemOperational
Gallons/serviceconnection/day InfrastructureLeakageIndex(ILI)Definedastheratioofthecurrentannualreallosstotheunavoidableannualrealloss=CARL/UARL
Gallonspermileofmainperday(notusedforMDWASDasnotrelevantforurbanutility)
ApparentLosses(AL)
Operational VolumeofALas%ofSystemInputVolume
Gallons/serviceconnection/year
WaterLosses(WL)
Operational Gallons/serviceconnection/year
Miami‐Dad
BLACK & VE
Trackinglossmanaensuring
Withinthbothbasithisreponon‐reve
KeyPIsrstudyare
Are
Ran
In
ApparentandtrackThevolummorecompercentagpreviousl
Tobetterindicator
Awreo
Rbovu
In(C
Uwwst
Oncevolubalancetalongwitofvolume
de Water and
EATCH | 2014 W
severalstanagementproarapidretur
hefinancial,oicanddetailertwillconcenuewater.
ecommendee:
ApparentLosevenue),
RealLosses(Gnd
nfrastructure
tandrealloskperformancmescanbedmplexeconomgetermsarelyreportedd
rstartundersrs,andkeyre
pparentLosswaterlostthreducingappafcosttothec
eallosses–Rackgroundleverflowsorlse.
nfrastructureCARL)tothe
UnavoidableAwhenthesystwatermains,ntoptometer
umesofappaools,thedollththecostofesoflosstoe
Sewer Depart
Water Audit and
ndardPIsalloogramsasaurnoninvestm
operational,aedlevels.Intentrateonon
dforuseint
ses(Gallons/
Gallons/serv
eLeakageInd
ssPIscanbeceofanindivdirectlytransmiccalculationotrecommdataduetod
standingandelatedterms
ses–Apparenroughmeteruarentlossesicustomer.
Reallossescoeakagethatileakage.The
eLeakageIndUnavoidable
AnnualRealLtemispressunumberofseorfirstpoin
arentandrealarvaluesoffinterventioneconomiclev
ment | 2014 A
Water Loss Ove
owsutilitiestuniqueentityment.
andwaterreermediatePIlyafewofth
theMDWASD
/serviceconn
viceconnectio
dex(ILI‐dim
usedtoestabvidualutility’slatedintodoonsasthescmendedastheifferingmeth
dcalculatingforthisstage
ntlossesconunder‐registisanimprov
onsistofwatsattributedkeyimpacto
dex–AdimeneAnnualRea
Loss–Thethurized.TheUerviceconnetofusage),a
allosseshavethesecomponcanbeassevels.
ANNUAL WATE
erview
toeasilyseey.Shorterpay
esourcescateIshavealsobhekeyandm
Dwaterlossm
nection/day,
on/day,and
mensionless)
blishbaselin’slossmanagollarvaluesfcopeofthisoeyaresubjechodologiesin
thesePIs,beeoftheDepa
nsistofunauttrationanddvedrevenues
erleaksandtoinfrastrucofreducingr
nsionlessratalLosses(UA
eoreticallowUARLcalculatctions,averaandoperating
ebeenidentionentscanbessed,andab
ER LOSS REDUC
thelonger‐teybackinitiati
egories,PIshbeenproposmostusefulPI
managemen
,andlost
lostrevenue
).
neinformatiogementefforforsimpleororsubsequencttowidervntheanalysi
elowaredefiartment’saud
thorizedcondatahandlingstream,anda
breaks(eithctureconditioreallossesis
tiooftheCurARL).
westlevelofationtakesinagelengthofgpressure.
ifiedandvaleclearlydefibusinesscas
CTION PLAN
ermperformivescanquic
havebeenreedinsomecIsrelatingto
t
e),
onrts.rntanalysisevariations,ans.
initionsofthdit:
sumptionangerrors.Theamoreequit
herreportedons,andreseadirectredu
rrentAnnual
annualrealltoaccountlefserviceconn
idatedusingfined.Thevalecanbemad
manceofwatecklybeident
commendedcases;howevowaterlosse
volves.Thendconflictwi
eperforman
ndvolumesokeyimpactotabledistribu
orunreporteervoirorstouctioninwat
lRealLosses
lossesachievengthofthenections(cur
gthewaterlueofthelosdeforreduct
9
ertified
dforver,sand
ith
nce
ofofution
ed),rageter
vable
rb
sstion
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
10 APRIL 2015
ThereareadditionaltargetedPIswhichcanbeusedbyMDWASDtoanalyzespecificareasoftheutility’sbusiness.ThesePIsincludethenumberofzeroreadings,stoppedmeters,andtestingofinaccuratemeters.Theseindicatorscanberecordedandtrendedovertimetoimprovesystemknowledge,efficiency,andaccountability.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 11
3.0 Data Analysis TheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©(version5.0)hasbeenusedtocalculatealltherequiredindicators.Thisisthenusedtodevelopanoverallwaterbalance,andrelevantperformanceindicatorsfortheutility.ThedetailsofthismethodologyarefoundinAWWAManualM36(WaterAuditsandLossControlPrograms,3rdEdition,2009)andwithintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware.InformationonthevalidationmethodsandrankingsinthesoftwarearecopiedinAppendixB.Thefollowingsectionsarestructuredtofollowtheintheformatofthestandardwaterbalanceasdescribedintheprevioussection2.4anddepictedinFigure2‐2.Thefollowingcategoriesofthereportarethefocusfortheanalysis:
Watersupplied,(allthewaterinputintothesystem,includingimportsandremovingexportedorwholesalewater)
Authorizedconsumption,(meteredandbilledusageandotherauthorizeduses)
Waterlosses,(meterinaccuracies,billingerrors,theftandleakage)
Systemdata,and(milesofmain,pressure,numberofconnections)
Costdata.(totalcostofoperatingthewatersystem,retailunitandvariableproductioncosts)
Eachvariablehasbeendiscussedandthereasoningbehindeachvaluerecorded.Allvaluesnotedinthissectionhavebeendevelopedfromdataprovidedbytheutility,andareforCY2013.
ThisdatawhichisusedtodeterminethefollowinginputsshouldbevalidatedbyMDWASDstaffonaregularbasistoensureinputsareasaccurateaspossible.Additionally,thisauditneedstocontinuetobeconductedonanannualbasistodetermineperformancetrendsandanydataerrors.Thereareanumberofvariablesthatarecurrentlyestimated(includingmeteraccuracy,andunbilledunmeteredwater)asdefinedinthefollowingsubsections.Foramoreaccurateanalysisthesedatapointsshouldbemeasuredinthesystemforfutureaudits.
3.1.1 Water Supplied
Total Water Supplied = 89,582.983 Million gallons
[Calculation:VolumefromOwnSource+Importedwater–Exported(wholesale)water]
Volume from Own Sources
Thisincludesallthevolumefromthewatertreatmentplants.
ThedetailsofproductionutilizedfortheauditwereobtainedbysummarizingSCADApumpagedata.MDWASDprovidedSCADAdatawithdailysystempumpageforboththerawwaterfromthewellsandfortheinfluentandfinishedwaterfromthetreatmentplants.Thispumpagedatawasusedasanapproximationoftheproducedvolume.
Thetotalproducedvolumefor2014wasrecordedas110,364.440milliongallons.
Master Meter Error Adjustment
Noadditionalevaluationoftheelectronicorflowtestcalibrationrecordswereconductedinthisinitialreview.However,analysisoftheAlexanderOrr,Jr.Plant(Orr),HialeahandJohnEPreston(Preston)WaterTreatmentPlantsVenturimeters(Raw)wereanalyzedaswithinallowablelimits
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
12 APRIL 2015
ofaccuracy(av~101%)andtheFinishedwatermeterswereanalyzedaswithinallowablelimitsofaccuracy(av~99.5%).Sinceallthevaluesreviewedarewithinthecalibrationlimitstheassumptionisthatthemetersareaccurateandsothereisnomastermetererroradjustment.
ThetotalmastermetererroradjustmentassignedforCY2014wasrecordedas0milliongallons.
TheDepartmenthasrecentlyimplementedaproductionmetertestingplanthatwillallowmoreaccuratecalculationofmastermetererroradjustmentsforthe2015wateraudit.
Imported Water
In2014,MDWASDimportedwaterfromtwosuppliers–theCityofHomesteadandtheCityofNorthMiamiBeach.TheseprovidewatertolocationswithintheDepartment’ssystemthataredifficulttoreachwiththecurrentpumpingsystem.
Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas152.264milliongallons.Thisvalueincluded19.358milliongallonsfromHomesteadand132.906milliongallonsimportedfromNorthMiamiBeach.
Exported Water
MDWASDsellswatertobothretailandwholesalecustomers.TheMDWASDhas15waterwholesalecustomersandattheendofCY2014.TheMDWASDhas459,202activeandinactiveserviceconnectionsthroughoutthesystem.ThewholesaleusesweresummarizedfromtheMDWASDwholesalerecordsfrommeteredsalesdatafrom2014.Thelistofwholesaleentitiesisshowninthetablebelowwiththeirrespectiveannualusein2014.
Amastermetererroradjustmentforexportedwaterwasestimatedat1.5%withavalidationgradeof5fortheCY2014.The1.5%valuewasestimatedduetoanumberofmetersexpectedtobeattheedgesofthestandardaccuracylimitsduetoage.Thesemetersareannuallytestedandrepaired(ifnecessary),soloweraccuracylevelswerenotestimatedatthistime.TheDepartmenthasimplementedalargecustomermeterassessmentprogramthatwilltargetmeterprofilesandaccuracywhichwillincreasethevalidationscoreandprovidemoredataforaccuracycalculationsfor2015.
Thetotalwatersoldtowholesalecustomersin2014wasrecordedat20,620.469milliongallons.Thisdatawasderivedfromwholesalecustomerinvoicesandcrosscheckedwithbillingspreadsheetsdevelopedforthelargecustomermeterassessmentprogram.
TheDepartmentemploysthreefulltimelargewater(commercialandwholesale)metertestingpersonnel.Thedutiesofthesepersonnelincludewatermetertesting,repairs,installationsattimes,customershut‐offs,andinspections.Eachmetertechnicianisresponsibleforcompletingallnecessarymetertestsintheirgiventerritory.Wholesalemetersaretestedtwiceperyearandmostcommercialorlargecustomermeters(3”+)aretestedannually.TheprotocolemployedbytheDepartmentinsuresthatexperiencedtechniciansaretestingalllargemeters(wherepossible).Eachtechnicianbeginsbytestingsmallermetersbeforegraduatingtolargermetersastheybecomemoreexperienced.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 13
Table 3‐1 Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department Water Treated and Water Sales
Calendar Year 2014 Units ‐ thousand gallons
WATERSYSTEM
Watersoldbycustomer
Wholesalecustomers
MiamiBeach 7,581,004
Hialeah 7,105,359
NorthMiami 1,823,132
Opa‐Locka 916,486
HialeahGardens 591,156
Medley 481,176
NorthBayVillage 408,685
BalHarbour 398,741
Surfside 314,790
BayHarbor 305,653
WestMiami 270,650
Homestead 216,829
IndianCreekVillage 118,073
VirginiaGardens 87,931
NorthMiamiBeach 806
TotalWholesale 20,620,469
Retail 63,470,026
Totalwatersold 84,090,495
Source: MDWASD
TheDepartmentcompletesalllargemetertestingandrepairsinthefield.Thestandardlargeduelmeterconfigurationincludestwo(type2)turbometers.Thestandardby‐passmeterisa2”turbineorPDmeter.Testsarerununtilatleast100CFofwaterhasregisteredonthetestmeter.Thetechniciansslowlyclosethevalveonthetestertoreducewaterhammerordamagetothetestequipment.Eachregistersvolumeisdocumentedpriortotesting.Itisthendocumentedafteralltestshavebeencompleted.Thisinformation(non‐revenuewater)isthengiventothebillingdepartmentwhopassestheinformationtotheNRWstaffforaccountability.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
14 APRIL 2015
Other Water Supplied Notes
Therearenootherknownwatersupplies,otherthantheASRwellswhichareusedfortesting,butnotconnectedtothesupplysystemcurrently.ThenewHialeahreverseosmosistreatmentplantwasoperationalin2014andprovidedwatertotheMDWASDdistributionsystem.
Table 3‐2 Water Supplied Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
VolumefromOwnSources
8 Calibrationconductedannually,occasionalflowtesting
MasterMeterError 5 Metercalibrationsconducted,continuouslyevaluated
Waterimported 8 Calibrationsconductedannuallybywholesaleentities.Resultsnotknown.
WaterExported 7 Meterstestedbi‐annually.Notallconfigurationsallowforflowtesting
3.1.2 Authorized Consumption
Total Authorized Consumption = 64,611.518 Million gallons
[Calculation:AuthorizedConsumption=Billedmetered+Billedunmetered+Unbilledmetered+Unbilledunmetered]
Authorizedconsumptionincludesthevolumeofwatertakenbyregisteredcustomers,thewatersupplier,andotherswhoareauthorizedtodosobythewatersupplier,foranypurpose.Itshouldbenotedthatthisdoesnotincludewaterexported.
Authorizedconsumptionmayincludeitemssuchasfire‐fightingandtraining,flushingofsewers,transmissionanddistributionmains,streetcleaning,wateringofDepartmentfacilities,etc.
Billed Metered Consumption
ThebilledmeteredconsumptionisalmostallcustomerswithintheDepartment’sjurisdiction.Thiswillincludeallresidential,commercial,industrial,andinstitutionalcustomers.Sincethesystemisreportedly100%metered,allbutaverysmallportionshouldfallintothiscategory.Notethatthewholesalevolumehasbeenremovedfromthisbilledmeteredvalue(eachwholesalecustomerhasitsownregulatoryreportingrequirements,andownwaterlosses,andthesevolumesareremovedfromtheauditatthewatersuppliedstageofaccounting).MiamiDadehaveconductedextensiveretailmetertestingoverthepastyeartoevaluatetheleveloflosseswithrespecttometeraccuracy.
ThevalueofBilledMeteredConsumptionfor2014wasrecordedas63,470.026milliongallons.
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Thereisreportedlynobilledunmeteredconsumption.
ThevalueforBilledUnmeteredConsumptionin2014wasrecordedas0milliongallons.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 15
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Thereisusuallyonlyasmallamountofwaterinthiscategory.ItcanincludeDepartmentfacilitiesthathaveameterbutdonotreceiveabill,parks,fountainsetc.InCY2012thiswasanestimationbasedonreviewsofotherutilities.InCY2013metereddatafromthetreatmentplantswasrecordedandutilizedforthisvolumeinput.
ThevalueforUnbilledMeteredConsumptionin2014wasrecordedas21.705milliongallons.
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unbilledunmeteredconsumptionisoftendifficulttocalculate,althoughalmosteveryutilityhasconsumptioninthiscategory(duetothewaysystemsareflushed,andfire‐fightingoccurs,whichmakeitalmostimpossibletomeasurebymeteringeffectively).Thereforeadefaulthasbeendevelopedwithinthewaterauditsoftwaretoallowanapproximatecalculationusingvalidateddatafromothersystems.Inthisinitialauditthisdefaultof1.25%ofwatersuppliedhasbeenchosen.
Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas1,119.787milliongallons.
Other Authorized Consumption notes
Watertreatmentplantsdohavearequirementtousewaterincertainsituations(backflushing,etc.).However,itisanticipatedthatalltheselocationsoccurredpriortothefinishedwatermeter.Thereforethisdataisnotincludedinthiswateraudit.
Table 3‐3 Authorized Consumption Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
BilledMetered
7 Goodbillingsystems,extensivemeteraccuracytestingalthoughslightlyreducedin2013/14.Regularreplacementofoldestmeters
BilledUnmetered
n/a Nobilledunmeteredconsumptionreported
UnbilledMetered
8 Unbilledmeterarereadandmaintainedinthesamemannerasretailmeters.Stillneedtoevaluatetestingandbillingproceduresforunbilledproperties
UnbilledUnmetered
‐ Thedefaultwasusedforthisvariable
3.1.3 Water Losses
TotalWaterLosses =TotalWaterSupplied–TotalAuthorizedConsumption
=24,971.465
Thewater losses are further broken down into apparent losses and real losses, which are bothoutlinedbelow.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
16 APRIL 2015
Apparent Water Losses
Total Apparent Water Losses = 3,689.331 Million gallons
[Calculation:ApparentWaterLosses=Unauthorizedconsumption+Customermeteringinaccuracies+Systematicdatahandlingerrors]
Unauthorized Consumption
UnauthorizedconsumptionincludesallusesnotauthorizedbytheDepartment,includingillegaluseofhydrants,bypassesetc.,aswellreversedortamperedmetersandAMRsystems.Inthisauditthedatawasnotavailable;therefore,thedefaultof0.25%ofwatersuppliedwasused.
Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas223.957milliongallons.
Customer Meter Inaccuracies
Allmetersthreeinchesandlargeraretestedandnowrepairedorreplaced(ifnecessary)onanannualbasis.Atestingprogramforthesmallermetersisalsooperational.Itisexpectedthatthecurrentmeterstockisrelativelyaccurate;however,additionaltestingonthe1‐inchto2‐inchmetersmaybenecessarytoproveouttheaccuracyofthesegroupsofmeters.Testingshouldanalyzebothmeterage,throughput(volumethroughthemeter),andifpossibletheaveragepressureforthelocationofthemeter.
TheDepartmentistakingstepstobetterunderstandcustomermeterinaccuraciesbyimplementingalargecustomermeterassessmentproject.Anestimateof2.4%(1,561.272milliongallons)underreportingacrossthemeterstockhasbeenusedforthisaudit.Thissuggestsmetersofvaryingageandreliabilityandaslightincreaseinmeterinaccuracyduetotheoverallmeterstockageingbetween2013and2014.Thevalidationgradeandaccuracydatawilllikelyincreaseforthe2015auditduetotheprojectimplementation.
Ahigh‐levelevaluationwasperformedtoreviewwatermeteraccuracydatafromstudiesdevelopedbetween2008through2012andtooutlineanypotentialissuesfortheMDWASD.Thisdataisstillvalidforevaluationpurposes,withtheexpectationthatadditionaldegradationoftheoldermeteringunitswillhaveoccurredintheaudityear.Reportingandtestdatareviewedincluded.
ComparisonofcurrentDepartmentpracticesformetertestingandreplacementwithindustrystandards;
Reviewofmetertestingproceduresandproviderecommendationsfordevelopinganongoinganddynamicperformance‐basedmetertestingprogram.Theperformance‐basedmetertestingprogramshouldhavethecapabilitytoperiodicallyupdateandrefinethedegradationcurvesforresidentialmeters.
PracticeofLargemetertestingin‐situ(inthefield)byadedicatedtestingcrew.
Thetestingincludesaportablemetertesterwhichisconnectedtothedownstreamtestportforthedurationofthetest.
FieldcrewsallfollowAWWAguidelinesforthetestinglimitsandfrequencyoftests.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 17
Figure 3‐1 Example Meter Accuracy Analysis of Degrading Meters (below 90% accuracy) from 2012 5/8‐inch meter tests
Systematic Data Handling Error Estimation
TheDepartmentutilizesseveralautomatedandhumanerrorcheckingprocessesfortheirbillingpractices.Althoughbillingsystemreportsaresizeable,specifictriggersbuiltintotrackpotentialdatahandlingerrorsarebuiltinandforwardedontostaffspecificallyassignedforaddressingpotentialdataerrorsinthebillingprocess.Tothebestofourknowledge,therearenosystemswithzerosystematicdatahandlingerrors,thereforeanestimatedvalueof3%ofwatersupplied,or1,904.101milliongallonshasbeenusedforthisvariable.
Table 3‐4 Water Losses Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
UnauthorizedConsumption
‐ Thedefaultwasusedforthisvariable
MeterInaccuracies
7 Adetailedtestingprogramwasinitiatedfor5/8‐inchmetersin2012.Additionaltestingonothersizedmeterswasconductedin2013tocontinuewithprogram.Somemetertestingwasconductedin2014,butthiswasreducedvolumeforresidentialsizedmeters
DataHandlingErrors
5 Thisisanestimateassumingacomplexbillingsystem
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
18 APRIL 2015
3.1.3.1 Real Losses
IntheAWWAsoftwarethereallossvalueistheremainder,orwhatisleftoverafteralltheothervariables(watersupplied,authorizedconsumption,andapparentlosses)arecalculated.InordertoprovideabetterestimatethereviewofsystemdataandleakdetectionprogramstheWaterDistributionDivisioncollectsandestimatesleakageandauthorizeduses.Thesevaluesarematchedtothesoftwarecalculationtoactasavalidationtool.
TheDepartmenthas,however,conductedasignificantamountofleakdetectionduringtheaudityear.Thisappearstobeimprovingefficiencyandwillcontinuetobemonitoredinfutureyears.AlistingoftheequipmentusedonadailybasisisoutlinedinTable3‐5.
Table 3‐5 Leak Detection Equipment Summary
EQUIPMENT TYPE(MANUFACTURER/MODEL) QUANTITY
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER AQUASCOPES/HEATHCONSULTANTS 12
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER STETHOPHON04/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 5
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER(WIRELESS) AQUATESTT‐10/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 4
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER LD15/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 2
MECHANICALSOUNDAMPLIFIER GEOPHONES/HEATHCONSULTANTS 5
MECHANICALSOUNDAMPLIFIER GEOPHONES/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 6
UNDERGROUNDLINELOCATOR SURE‐LOCK/HEATHCONSULTANTS 6
ELECTRICDRILLS BOSCH 6
METALLOCATOR ML‐1M/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 1
METALLOCATOR PIPEHORN800‐HL 1
SOUNDCORRELATOR LC2500/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 2
SOUNDCORRELATOR SECORR08/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 3
SOUNDCORRELATOR ACCUCORR3000/FCS 1
CORRELATINGLOGGER SEPEM02/SEWERIN 98
CORRELATINGLOGGER SOUNDSENS/FCS 36
CORRELATINGLOGGER GUTERMANNZONESCAN820ALPHA 10
LEAKNOISELOGGER PERMALOG/FCS 100
InadditiontothestandardornormalleakagedetectionactivitiestheDepartmentconductedpilotstudiesoftwotypesofacousticleaknoiseloggers.Theseweretestedtogaugetheireffectivenessandoperationalcapabilitiesinareaswhichwerenormallydifficulttoaccessorhadissuesforsurveycrewstoperformleakagedetectionduringnormalconditions.
2014 Total Real Water Losses =21,282.134 Million gallons
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 19
3.1.4 System Data
Length of Mains
MDWASD’swatersystemconsistsofthreeregionalwatertreatmentplants(WTPs),theSouthDadeWaterSystem(aseriesofwellfieldsand5smalltreatmentfacilities),treatedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilities,andapproximately7,941milesofwatertransmission,distributionandservicepipelinesincludingwholesalecustomers.Theretailtransmissionanddistributionportionincludes5,947milesandisthevalueusedintheaudit.Thisvalueisslightlylowerthanthe2013pipeinventoryastherawwaterandsludgelinedatawassubtractedfromthedetailedpipeschedule.TheregionalwatertreatmentfacilitiesaretheHialeah,JohnE.Preston,andAlexanderOrr,Jr.WTPs,whichhaveatotalcombineddesignedratedtreatmentcapacityof473MGD.
Number of Service Connections
Thenumberofserviceconnectionsincludesbothactiveandinactiveservicelines.Thisvaluewascalculatedbythecustomerservicesdepartmentin2013andincluded448,749connections.Thiswasanincreaseofapproximately10,000connectionscomparedwith2012.The2013numberswerecalculatedwithmoreaccuratedataandactiveandinactiveconnectionswerecountedseparately.Thenumberofactiveandinactiveserviceconnectionscalculatedfortheyear2014is459,202.Thisisanincreaseof10,453connectionscomparedtothe2013auditnumber.
Average Length of Customer Service Line
Theaveragelengthofcustomerservicelineiszero(notethatthedistancefromthemaintothepropertyboundaryhasalreadybeenfactoredintothiscalculation,andsothedistanceis0feet).
Figure 3‐2 Average Length of Service Line, Meter at the Curb Stop (Source: AWWA Software)
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
20 APRIL 2015
Average Operating Pressure
Theaverageoperatingpressurewasestimatedfromalargeamountoffieldoperationsdatafromtestswithinthedistributionsystem.Analysisofthehydraulicmodelwasalsoconductedtogiveasecondopinion.Thisprovidedavalueofjustover56psi.However,since55psiisusedinallthewaterlosscalculationsconductedbyfieldstaffitwasdecidedthatthedifferencewasnotgreatenoughtowarrantachange.Anaveragesystempressureof55psiwasusedforthisaudit.
Table 3‐6 System Data Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
LengthofMains 9 DevelopedthroughGIS,uncertainprotocolsfortransferofnewdata
NumberofServices 7 Goodbillingrecords,uncertainpoliciesandprocedures
CustomerServiceLine 10 Allservicesatpropertyboundaries(thereforezero(0)value)
AverageOperatingPressure
7 Utilizedoperationsaveragewhichwasnearvalidatedbyanalysisofthehydraulicmodel.
3.1.5 Cost Data
Total Annual Cost of Operating the Water System
Thetotalannualcostofoperatingthewatersystemincludesoperations,maintenanceandanyannuallyincurredcostsforlong‐termupkeepofthesystem,suchasrepaymentofcapitalbondsforinfrastructureexpansionorimprovement.Typicalcostsincludeemployeesalariesandbenefits,materials,equipment,insurance,fees,administrativecostsandallothercoststhatexisttosustainthedrinkingwatersupplyandsystem.BasedontheDepartment’swatersystemfinancialstatementsfortheCY2014thetotalannualcostofoperatingthewatersystemwasderivedfromthefollowingcomponents:
Operationsandmaintenanceincurredcosts
Depreciationcosts
Table 3‐7 Operating Cost Details 2014
TOTALCOST CY2014
O&M 152,873,192
Depreciation 65,846,584
TotalAnnualCost $218,719,776
Source: MDWASD
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 21
BecausetheDepartmentoperatesonanOctoberthroughSeptemberfiscalyear,financialstatementsfromFY2014andFY2015wereutilizedtodevelopCY2014financialdata.Thefullannualcostutilizedfortheauditisthetotaloperatingcostsincludingoperatingandmaintenanceexpensesanddepreciation.Thetotalcostofoperatingthewatersystemdidincreaseslightlybetween2013and2014.AnincreaseinO&Mcostsof$6.4millionwasoffsetbylowerdepreciationexpense($4.9million)resultinginanoverallincreaseofoperatingcostsof$1.5million.
In2014theoverallcostofrunningthewatersystem(includingdepreciation)was$218,719,776.
Customer Retail Unit Cost
Customerretailunitcostrepresentstheweightedaverageofindividualcostsandnumberofcustomeraccountsofeachclass.Thisiscalculatedasannualretailrevenuedividedbyannualretailsalesvolume.Totalretailwaterrevenueisutilized,however,inordertocalculatevolumetricbasedwatersalesunitcost,MDWASD’smeterbasechargerevenueandunread/unbilledwaterrevenuesareremovedisolatingthevolumetricbasedwatersalesforthecalculationofcustomerretailunitcost.Retailwatersaleslesstheseitemsfor2014wereapproximately$195.3million.
Table 3‐8 Retail Unit Cost CY 2013
RETAILUNITCOST CY2014
MeteredSales‐Residential‐Watr $62,126,908
MeteredSales‐MultiFamily‐Wtr $27,735,528
MeteredSales‐ResSprink‐Wtr $5,124,614
MeteredSales‐Commercial‐Water $90,231,118
Meteredsales‐WASDWtrFacility $432,555
MeteredSales‐NonResSprink‐Wtr $9,115,692
MeteredSales‐Marina‐Water $112,485
MeteredSales‐Firelines $267,937
WaterConservationSurchargeforExcessWaterUsage $108,101
TotalRetailWaterSales $195,254,939
BilledWater(1,000gallons) 63,470,026
RetailUnitCostofWaterSold(per1,000gallons) $3.08
Source: MDWASD
Totalbilledwaterfor2014wasapproximately63,500,000thousandgallons.Customerretailsalesdividedbytheassociatedbilledwaterfor2014resultsinacustomerretailunitcostof$3.08perthousandgallons.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
22 APRIL 2015
MDWASDhasanincliningblockwaterconservationratestructureforallitsresidentialcustomers.Thetablebelowshowsthecurrentvolumetricratestructureforawatercustomer:
Table 3‐9 FY 2014 Water Volumetric Rate
ORDINARYCOMMODITYCHARGE
FY2014RATE(PER100CUBICFEET)
0to5hundredcubicfeet $0.37
6to9hundredcubicfeet $2.53
10to17hundredcubicfeet $3.15
18andoverhundredcubicfeet $4.17
ForpurposesofthisaudittheretailrateforthemajorityofCY2014was$3.15perhundredcubicfeet(CCF)andisthemostlikelyratewherelosseswouldbesetasaveragemonthlyuseisestimatedbytheDepartmenttobe9CCFpermonthor27CCFperquarterforanormalresidentialcustomer(notethatresidentialcustomersarebilledonaquarterlybasis).Inordertofurthervalidatethis,areviewofthemeteredsalesagainstbilledmeteredwaterwasalsoconductedandanaverageof$3.08per1000gallonswascalculated.Thecalculatedaveragewasusedinthecalculationsasitisamoreconservativevalueofwhatcostcouldberecovered.
Variable Production Cost
Variableproductioncostsrepresentthecosttoproduceandsupplyoneadditionalunitofwaterandareestimatedastotalproductioncostsofthewatersystemincludingvariablecostsofsourceofsupply,powerandpumping,purification,anddistributiondividedbythetotalvolumeofwatersuppliedtothewaterdistributionsystemincludingimportedwater.
Variablecostsincluded:
Electricalservices
Naturalgas
Waterandsewerservice
Purchasedwater
Calciumcarbonatedisposal
Fuel
Petroleumgas
Hazardouswastedisposal
Chemicals
Laboratorysupplies
Gases
Andothers
Totalvariableproductioncostswereestimatedtobeapproximately$36.0millionin2014.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 23
Table 3‐10 Variable Production Cost 2014
LINE VARIABLECOST CY2014
1 WaterSourceofSupply $4,251,986
2 WaterPumping $1,418,675
3 WaterTreatmentandPurification $28,481,936
4 WaterTransmissionandDistribution $1,827,615
5 TotalVariableCost $35,980,212
6 FinishedWater(MG) 110,364.601
7 PurchasedWater(MG) 152.26
8 TotalWaterSupplied 110,516.861
9 CosttoProduce1MillionGallonsofWater $325.56
Source: MDWASD
FinishedwatersuppliedtothedistributionsystempluspurchasedwaterfromthecitiesofHomesteadandNorthMiamiBeachwasapproximately110,516.861milliongallons(Line8inTable3‐10)in2014resultinginavariableproductioncostof$325.56(Line5/Line8inTable3‐10)per1milliongallonsofwater.
Thevariableproductioncostsincludeallthecostsforpumping,treatmentandchemicalsfromthetreatmentplants.Inthiscase,thecalculationfor2014was$325.56permilliongallons.Thiswascalculatedusingthefinancialreports,allocatingonlyvariablecoststothecalculation.Thevariableproductioncostsincreasedfrom2013to2014byapproximately$150,000.
Table 3‐11 Cost Data Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
TotalCostofOperation
9 AllcostsdevelopedandThirdpartyCPAaudited.Sincetheauditisconductedonafinancialyearanddataconstructedinacalendaryear,theremaybesomeerrorsindatatransfer.
CustomerRetailUnitCost
8 Usedthecalculationofmeteredsalesagainstthetotalbilledmetered,thismatchesrelativelywellwiththeaverageuseblock($3.15perCCF)
VariableProductionCost
8 Anevaluationofthefinancialreportscalculatingonlyvariablecosts
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Water Treatment Plant Losses 25
4.0 Water Treatment Plant Losses TheDepartmentoperatesthreeregionalWTPs:Hialeah,Preston,andOrr;andsmallerplantsthatarepartoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Table4‐1summarizestheplantcapacitiesandactualflows.AdescriptionofeachWTPisprovidedinthesubsectionsbelow.Theoverallannualaveragedailyflowoftheentiresystemisapproximately299.2MGD.
Table 4‐1 WTP Capacities and Flows
COMPONENT
FACILITY
HIALEAH/PRESTON
ALEXORR
SOUTHDADEWATERSYSTEM1
InstalledCapacity(MGD) 235.02 256.03 14.2
ActualFlows4
AverageDaily(MGD) 124.0 168.1 7.1
PeakDay(MGD) 158.6 187.0 1Represents five smaller WTPs in southern Miami‐Dade County. 2Treatment Facility capacity is 235 MGD. But the permit is currently limited to 225 MGD. Hialeah Plant permit capacity is 60 MGD and Preston Plant is 165 MGD for a total of 225 MGD. 3Treatment Facility capacity is 256 MGD but the permit is currently limited to 214.74 MGD, based on water allocation. 4For Calendar Year 2014
Rawwatersupplyforthethreeregionaltreatmentplantsiscurrentlydrawnfrom83Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedinthemajorwellfields(MiamiSprings,Northwest,Medleywhichisinstand‐by,West,Southwest,andSnapperCreek)andseveralwellsonsiteatthethreetreatmentplants.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemisservedby12BiscayneaquiferwellslocatedatthefivesmallerwellfieldsreferencedinTable4‐1above.Table4‐2providesasummaryofeachoftheMiami‐DadeCountypermittedBiscayneaquiferwells.
TwonewWTPswillprovideadditionalcapacitytothewatersystem.TheHialeahReverseOsmosis(RO)WTPisownedjointlybytheCityofHialeahandMDWASD.TheROplanthasaninitialtreatmentcapacityof10MGDanditisdesignedtohaveanultimatecapacityof17.5MGD.Thisplantcommencedproductionin2014.TherawwatersourceforthisplantisthebrackishUpperFloridanaquifer.TheproposedSouthMiamiHeightsWTPwillreplacethreeofthesmalltreatmentplantsoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Thisplantwillbea20MGDmembranesofteningandROplantandwillhavethecapacitytotreatwaterfromboththeBiscayneandFloridanaquifers.Thisplantisscheduledtogointoservicein2019.TheDepartmentalsohastheabilitytowithdrawwaterfromtheFloridaaquiferandfromAquiferStorageandRecovery(ASR)wells.FloridanaquiferandASRwellsarelistedintheTable4‐3below.
Table 4‐2 Summary of Biscayne Aquifer Wellfields
WELLFIELDS WTPSERVED
DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)
NUMBEROFWELLS
Hialeah Hialeah/Preston 12.54 3
JohnE.Preston Hialeah/Preston 53.28 7
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
26 APRIL 2015
WELLFIELDS WTPSERVED
DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)
NUMBEROFWELLS
MiamiSpringsUpperLower
Hialeah/Preston 79.30 Upper–12Lower–8
Medley(Stand‐by)
Hialeah/Preston 48.96 Stand‐by‐4
Northwest Hialeah/Preston 149.35 15
AlexanderOrr Orr 74.40 10
SnapperCreek Orr 40.00 4
Southwest Orr 161.20 17
West Orr 32.40 3
SouthDade SouthDadeWaterSystem 19.01 LeisureCity–4Everglades–3ElevatedTank–2Newton–2Naranja–1
SouthMiamiHeights SouthMiamiHeightsWTP 4.006.00
FormerPlant‐1RobertaHunterPark‐4
Source: MDWASD
Table 4‐3 Summary of Floridan Aquifer Wellfields
WELLFIELDS WTPSERVED
DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)
NUMBEROFWELLS
PERMITTEDALLOCATION
(MGY)
SouthwestWellfieldASR AlexOrr 10.00 2 1,522
WestWellfieldASR AlexOrr 15.00 3 2,283
HialeahROWTP HialeahROWTP 20.00 14 4,855
SouthMiamiHeights NewSMHWTP 24.00 7 8,494
Source: MDWASD
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Water Treatment Plant Losses 27
TheHialeahandPrestontreatmentfacilitiespumpintoboththehighpressureandlowpressuresystems.Theplantsareinterconnectedpriortothehighservicedistributionpumpingsystemandoperateasinglehighservicepumpingstation.Independentpumpingstationsateachplantpumpintothelowpressuresystem.
“Real”waterlossesinfacilitiesthatuseconventionallimesofteningprocessescanaccountfor3to5percentofrawwatersupplied.Alargeportionofthisreallosscanbeaccountedforbythehandlinganddisposalofresiduals.Aspreviouslyindicatedlimesofteningistheprimarytreatmentofthegroundwateratthethreeregionaltreatmentfacilities.Theresidualsgeneratedintheprocessarecomprisedalmostentirelyofcalciumcarbonate(CaCO3)solids.
TheHialeahandPrestonplantsdischargethecalciumcarbonateresiduals‐limeslurry‐fromthelimesofteningprocessthrougha12‐indiameterlinefromtheHialeahplantanda16‐indiameterlinefromthePrestonplanttoeithertheMiamiSpringsand/orNorthwestWellfieldresidualslagoons.
TheHialeahWTPalsoincludesalimerecalcinationfacility.Thisfacilityisarotarykiln‐naturalgasfiredtypefacility.Dewateredlimeisthenrecycledthroughtheprocessofrecalcination.ThelimekilnburnsCaCO3andproducesupto100‐115tonsperdayofcalciumoxide(CaO)whichisthenslakedandreturnedforreuseinthelimesofteningprocess.TheplantalsotreatstheresidualsgeneratedatthePrestonWTPfromaccelatorunits1,2,and3.Thereleasedcarbondioxide(CO2)iscapturedandusedintherecarbonationprocessattheplant.Theairvayorsystemisusedtopneumaticallytransferlimefromthelimestoragesilosattherecalcinationplantbacktolimefeedsiloatthelimeslurryfeedplant.
AttheAlexanderOrrplant,fiftypercentoftheresidualsgeneratedinthelimesofteningprocessarestoredandprocessedthroughalimerecalcinationfacilitysimilartotheoneattheHialeahplant.AnyexcesscalciumcarbonatefromthetreatmentprocessesissenttothesludgeholdingcellsattheSouthwestwellfieldorthecellsattheOrrplant.
Priortorecalcination,someofthewaterisextractedfromthesolidsviacentrifugationandreturnedtothetreatmentprocess.Watervaporizedduringtheheatingofthesolidsduringrecalcinationisnotrecovered.Smallamountsofwaterarealsoused(lost)formonitoringplantperformance.Watermayalsobelostviaundetectedleaksinwatertreatmentplantstructuresandpiping.
Inadditiontoreallosses,apparentwaterlossmayalsooccurasaresultoferrorsintheindividualwellmeters,rawwaterinfluentplantVenturimeters,andfinishedwatereffluentmeterreadings.Analysisofthemeteredrawwaterflowsandfinishedwaterflowsfortheplantsispresentedinthefollowingsub‐sectionstoquantifytheoverallwaterlossesattheOrrandHialeah/PrestonWTPs.Althoughlargequantitiesofwaterareusedintheprocessforbackwashingfilters,feedingchemicals,etc.,thegreatmajorityofthiswaterisrecycledbackintothetreatmentprocess.Sincealllargeprocessrecyclestreamsoccurinternaltotheplant,theseflowsarenotmeasuredtwicebyeithertheraworfinishedwaterventurimeters.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
28 APRIL 2015
4.1.1 Raw Water Flows
Rawwaterflowscontinuedtobemeasuredbothateachindividualwellinthesystemandenteringthetreatmentplants.
4.1.1.1 Alex Orr Water Treatment Plant
Tables4‐4andFigure4‐1belowcomparetherawwaterflows(MillionGallons)meteredatthewellfieldsandtherawwaterflowsmeteredattheplant.
Table 4‐4 Alex Orr WTP Raw Water Flows
MONTH
SUMOFINDIVIDUALWELLFLOWS
RAWWATERPLANTFLOWS
VOLUMEDIFFERENCE
PERCENTDIFFERENCE
January 5,469 5,105 365 7%
February 4,961 4,612 349 8%
March 5,457 5,081 377 7%
April 5,287 4,994 293 6%
May 5,820 5,327 494 9%
June 5,830 5,356 474 9%
July 5,868 5,406 462 9%
August 6,009 5,481 528 10%
September 5,899 5,297 602 11%
October 5,831 5,284 547 10%
November 5,459 5,071 388 8%
December 5,649 5,245 404 8%
CY2014Avg 5.628 5.188 440 8%
Source: MDWASD
AttheOrrWTPthesumoftheindividualwellsrawwaterflowsregisteredonaverage8percentpermonthhigherthanmeasuredattheplantrawwaterinfluentventurimeters.Thisisareflectionofbothunder/overregistrationandmeteraccuraciesgiventhatthesetotalsreflectthesumof38individualmeters‐34remotewellmetersand4rawwaterventurimetersattheplant.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Water Treatment Plant Losses 29
Figure 4‐1 Alex Orr WTP Raw Water Flows
4.1.1.2 Hialeah and John Preston Water Treatment Plants
TheHialeahandPrestonplantsreceiveacombinationoftheflowscomingfromtheNorthwestandMiamiSprings(UpperandLower)wellfieldsinadditiontothewellfieldslocatedwithintheplantsites.ThePrestonplantreceivesprimarilyflowsfromtheNorthwestwellfieldbutitalsoreceivesaportionoftheflowsfromtheMiamiSpringsupperwellfield.TheHialeahplantreceivesmostlyflowsfromtheMiamiSpringwellfieldsbutalsoreceivesaportionofflowsfromtheNorthwestwellfield.
Tables4‐5andFigure4‐2belowcomparetherawwaterflows(MillionGallons)meteredatthewellfieldsandtherawwaterflowsmeteredattheHialeahandPrestonplantscombined.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
30 APRIL 2015
Table 4‐5 Hialeah & Preston WTPs Combined Raw Water Flows
MONTH
SUMOFINDIVIDUALWELLFLOWS
RAWWATERPLANTFLOWS
VOLUMEDIFFERENCE
PERCENTDIFFERENCE
January 4,263 4,226 37 1%
February 4,058 4,199 (141) ‐3%
March 4,409 4,380 29 1%
April 4,151 4,267 (116) ‐3%
May 4,255 4,183 72 2%
June 3,587 3,401 186 5%
July 3,774 3,411 363 11%
August 3,910 3,549 360 10%
September 3,591 3,362 229 7%
October 3,987 3,845 143 4%
November 3,970 3,909 61 2%
December 4,115 4,051 64 2%
CY2014Avg 4,006 3,898 107 3%
Source: MDWASD
TheHialeah/Prestoncombinedsumoftheindividualwellsrawwaterflowsreflectsbothunder/overregistrationthroughouttheyear.HoweverwhenlookingatthetotalrawwaterpumpedinCY2014fromthewellsandrawwaterenteringtheplants,thedifferenceis3%.Themonthlyunder/overregistrationofthesetotalsreflectinherentmeterinaccuraciesgiventhatthesereflectthesumof50individualmeters‐45remotewellmetersand5rawwaterventurimetersatthetwoplants.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Water Treatment Plant Losses 31
Figure 4‐2 Hialeah/Preston Combined Raw Water Flows
4.1.2 Treated Water Flows
4.1.2.1 Hialeah and Preston Water Treatment Plants
ResultspresentedinFigure4‐3indicatethattherawwaterinfluentflowwasonanaverage11%morepermonththanthemeteredtreatedwateratthePrestonPlant.
Figure 4‐3 Preston WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
32 APRIL 2015
Figure4‐4indicatesthattherawwaterinfluentflowwasonaverage11%permonthlowerthanthetreatedwaterflowmeteredattheHialeahPlant.
Figure 4‐4 Hialeah WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
Whenthesetwoplantflowsarecombinedandaddedup,theresultsindicatethat,onaverage,thereisathreepercentwaterlossthroughtheHialeah/Prestontreatmentcomplex.ThisisshowninFigure4‐5below.Thisisconsistentwiththeresultsreportedforcalendaryears2012and2013.
Figure 4‐5 Hialeah/Preston WTPs Combined Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Water Treatment Plant Losses 33
Thedifferencesinthemeteredflowsforeachindividualplantreflectthefactthattheyneedtobecombinedgiventhehydraulicsbetweenthetwoplants.ThePrestonplantfeedstreatedwatertothefinishedwaterclearwellattheHialeahplant.ThisinterplantflowisnotmeasuredbutexplainstheunderegistrationoftreatedwaterflowsmeteredatPrestonandoverregistrationoftreatedwaterflowsmeteredattheHialeahplant.
4.1.2.2 Alexander Orr Water Treatment Plant
Table4‐6belowindicatethattherawwaterflowsmeasuredattheOrrplantwereonaverage1.5%higherthanthetreatedwaterflowsmeteredattheplant.Thisrepresentsawaterlossoflessthantwopercentthroughtheplant,andwellwithinexpectedtypicallosses.
Table 4‐6 Orr WTP Treated vs. Raw Water Flows
2013
TOTALRAWWATER
(MGD)TOTALFINISHEDWATER(MGD)
DIFFERENCE(FINISHEDLESSRAW)
%DIFFERENCE
January 5,027 5,105 (78) ‐2%
February 4,542 4,612 (70) ‐2%
March 5,003 5,081 (78) ‐2%
April 4,919 4,994 (75) ‐2%
May 5,249 5,327 (78) ‐1%
June 5,281 5,356 (75) ‐1%
July 5,328 5,406 (78) ‐1%
August 5,403 5,481 (78) ‐1%
September 5,222 5,297 (75) ‐1%
October 5,207 5,284 (78) ‐1%
November 4,996 5,071 (75) ‐1%
December 5,167 5,245 (78) ‐1%
Source: MDWASD
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
34 APRIL 2015
Figure 4‐6 Orr WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
4.1.3 Verification and Calibration of Treatment Plant Meters
Theanalysisandverificationofmeteraccuracyisseparatedintothreesections:
1. FlowSignal2. ControlLoop3. Repeatability
Thisstructureallowsmoreauditabledataandbetteraccountingandtransparencyofinformation.Abasicreviewofverificationandcalibrationwasconducted.Additionalworkisanticipatedtobecompletedin2014.
4.1.3.1 Flow Signal Verification
Theflowsignalverificationincludestheflowmeasurementdevice,whichfortheDepartmentareallventuriflowtubes.Italsoincludestheimpulselines(thedifferentialpressureflowlinesfromtheventurimeter)andthedifferentialpressuretransmitter(currentlymostareRosemountunits–either1151or3051).
4.1.3.2 Control Loop Verification
Thecontrolloopwithrespecttoflowmeteringincludesthetransmissionofdatafromthedifferentialpressuretransmitterandalltheinfrastructuretocalculateandstoretheflowmeasurementdata.ThisincludesthePLCs,andSCADAsystem,allthewiringsystemsandconnectionsbetweentheseunitsandthedatastoragewithintheiHistorianorphysicaltotalizers.Thisisduetobeassessedin2014.
4.1.3.3 Repeatability Quality Assurance (QA) Process
The‘RepeatabilityQAprocess’isrequiredtodetermineasequenceofanalyseswhichwillimproveauditingandaccuracyofthedata.TherearestandardverificationandcalibrationschedulessetwithintheFlowSignalandControlLoopverificationstages.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Water Treatment Plant Losses 35
TheRepeatabilityQAprocessshouldincludealayeredaccountabilitystructurethatshouldincludethefollowing:
acknowledgementfromfieldstaffthatperformanceofallrequiredprocedureshavebeenperformedinaccordancewiththeproceduresintheadoptedSOP’s
acknowledgementfromplantsupervisorystaffthattheyhaverevieweddocumentationandresultsandthatthesearecompliantwithCCMWASOP’sandpolicies.
4.1.3.4 DP Transmitter Calibration Procedure and Documentation
Calibrationshouldbeconductedinlaboratoryconditionswithstabletemperature,humidityandlowlevelsofdustorotherparticulates.ThiscanbeconductedinDepartment’sfacilitiesifthecorrectandcalibrated(traceable)equipmentisused.Itshouldnotbeconductedinthefield.Itisexpectedthatthiswillbeconductedbythemanufactureroraqualifiedthirdpartyatleastduringtheinitialstagesofthisassessment.Fullbenchcalibrationdocumentationdata,inclusiveofNISTtraceabilitycompliancestatementsmustbeincludedinthedocumentationpackageassociatedwiththeRepeatabilityQAProcess.
4.1.4 Treatment Plant Venturi Accuracy
Reviewofverificationandcalibrationssheetsprovidedsuggeststhatalltheventurimetersarewithinaccuracytoleranceswithrespecttoelectronicverificationpractices.
Table4‐4aboveshowstheresultsofthecalibrationforbothCY2013andCY2012.
4.1.5 Conclusions
Hialeah/Preston WTPs
Combinedflowsindicate‐showninFigure4‐5above‐that,onaverage,thereislessthanathreepercentwaterlossthroughtheHialeah/Prestontreatmentcomplex.Thisisconsistentwiththeresultsreportedforcalendaryears2012and2013forthecombinedplants.Thisvolumeoflossismorecommensuratewithtypicalwaterlossesthroughconventionaltreatmentplants.
Rawwaterflowthroughaboosterpumpstationinstalledin2004atthePrestonWTPisnotcurrentlyaccountedforattherawwaterVenturimetersattheHialeah/PrestonWTPs.ItisrecommendedthatMDWASDtakeactionstoremedythis,whichwillallowformoreaccurateestimatesoftherawandfinishedwaterlossestobeestimatedforsubsequentyears.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
36 APRIL 2015
Table 4‐7 Venturi Meter Calibration Results: Raw and Finished Water
LOCATION METERDESCRIPTION“ASLEFT2013”
(AVG%VARIANCE)“ASLEFT2012”
(AVG%VARIANCE)
Orr FinishedWater#1 ‐0.102% ‐0.112%
Orr FinishedWater#2 0.076% 0.006%
Orr FinishedWater#3 ‐0.008% ‐0.002%
Orr FinishedWater#4 ‐0.068% 0.032%
Orr FinishedWater#5 ‐0.136% 0.01%
Orr RawWater#1 0.3% 0.07%
Orr RawWater#2 0.08% ‐0.042%
Orr RawWater#3 0.092% ‐0.068%
Orr RawWater#4 0.252% 0.000%
Hialeah FinishedBFlowMeter 0.24% 0.2618%
Hialeah FinishedLowPressure#4 0.02% 0.001%
Hialeah FinishedLowPressure#5 ‐0.01% ‐0.01196%
Hialeah FinishedWaterMiamiSprings ‐0.10% 0.19036%
Hialeah RawWater#1 0.04% 0.0444%
Hialeah RawWater#2 ‐0.07% 0.0323%
Preston RawWater#1 0.09% 0.00%
Preston RawWater#2 0.81% 0.02%
Preston RawWater#3 0.45% 0.13046%
Preston FinishedWater#1 0.24% 0.088%
Preston FinishedWater#2 ‐0.19% 0.02%
Source: MDWASD
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Results 37
5.0 Results Performanceindicatorsareanimportantmeasurementtool,tomakesurethattheutilityiskeepingontrack(withrespecttoitsoperationalpracticesandtoreduceanywaterlosses)bothinternallyandincomparisontoitspeers.Thenewstandardmethodologyfundamentallybreaksdowneachmajoraspectofwaterlossesandusesintospecificcategories.Thisbreakdownthenallowsformoredetailedandaccuratereporting,andmoreaccuratetargetingofthevolumeandcostoflosses,therebyallowingtargetingofresourcestotheareasmostinneed.
MDWASDappearstohavereasonableperformanceasdeterminedandrecordedinTable11below.However,thereareanumberofvariablessuchastheunauthorizeduseandunbilledunmeteredconsumptionwhichstillneedtobecalculatedinfutureyearstofurthervalidatethesefigures.BenchmarkdataisunderdevelopmentbyAWWA,againstwhichthedataandresultscanbedirectlycomparedtointhefuture.
Table 5‐1 Performance Indicators FY 2014
INDICATOR VALUE UNITS
ValidationGrading 75 outof100
Non‐revenuewateraspercentbyvolumeofWaterSupplied:
29.1% %
ApparentLossesperserviceconnectionperday: 22.1 Gallonsperconnectionperday
RealLossesperserviceconnectionperday: 126.98 Gallonsperconnectionperday
InfrastructureLeakageIndex 10.49 Dimensionless
AnnualCostofApparentlosses $11,363,138 $
AnnualCostofRealLosses $6,928,612 $
5.1 REAL WATER LOSS GOALS MDWASD’sReallossperformanceindicatorsincludedthereallossingallonsperserviceconnectionofapproximately126.98,andInfrastructureLeakageIndex(ILI)whichisestimatedtobeapproximately10.49in2014.ILIisadimensionlessratiooftheCurrentAnnualRealLosses(CARL)totheUnavoidableAnnualRealLosses(UARL).Itisafunctionofthenumberofmilesofpipe,numberofconnections,andpressureinthesystem.Eachofthesevariableshasaneffectontheleakage–asthevaluesformiles,numberofconnections,andpressureincreases,theUARLwillincrease.MoredetailsregardingcalculationoftheILIcanbefoundinAWWAmanualM36(thirdedition,2009)andtheAWWAfreeWaterAuditSoftware.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
38 APRIL 2015
Basedon2010to2012benchmarkdatafromtheAWWAWaterAuditDataInitiative,theaverageutilityreportedreallossof63gallons/connection/day.1Asanotherpointofcomparison,anILIvalueof3isconsideredreasonableforutilitiesintheUnitedStateswhohavesimilarresourceneedscomparedwithMDWASD.2
5.2 APPARENT WATER LOSS GOAL Apparentlossiswaterthatisbeingusedbutforwhichtheutilityreceivesnocompensation.Reducingapparentlossdoesnotreducewateruse,butdoesenhanceutilityrevenue.Estimatedapparentlossesareapproximately22gallons/connection/day.BasedontheAWWANationalWaterAuditDataInitiative(WADI)datafrom2010to2012,theaverageutilityreportedapparentlossofapproximately10gallons/connection/day.
Withrespecttoapparentlosses,suchasmeterandbillinginaccuracies,atargetof10gallons/connection/dayforapparentlosseshasbeenusedinthisanalysis.Itistheoreticallypossibletoreduceapparentlossestozero,butthiswillnotbepossibleduetothesizeandcomplexityoftheMDWASDsystem,andtheamountoffundingthatwouldbenecessary.
Thecombinationofbestmanagementpracticesandrecommendations,whichareproposedtoimprovethebillingsystem,reducemeterinaccuracy,andfurtherreduceleakage,canhaveasignificantpositivefinancialeffectintheshort‐term.Theprogramcanstartwitharelativelysmallcapitalinvestmenttoresearchandreducethebillinginconsistenciesandinaccuratemeters.Theresultingadditionalrevenuecanthenbeusedtohelpenhancethemeterreplacementandleakagereductionprogramsinthenearfuture,ifadditionalfundsfortheseprogramsarenotimmediatelyavailable.
Thetargetsdiscussedintheprevioussectionareexcellentmediumtolong‐termgoals.However,aroadmapisneededtoreachthesegoals.Therecommendedmanagementstrategiesarethebeginningoftheprocess.Thesestrategiesshouldbereviewedatleasteveryfiveyears,preferablyeverytwoyearstore‐assesstheireffectiveness.
1 Alan Plummer Associates, Inc. and Water Prospecting and Resource Consulting, LLC, January 24, 2007. Final Report: An Analysis of Water Loss as Reported by Public Water Suppliers in Texas, prepared for the Texas Water Development Board. 2 AWWA Manual M36
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Recommendations 39
6.0 Recommendations Therearemanyon‐goingactivitieswhichMDWASDwillcontinuetoconductduringthenextaudityear.Thesewillincludeactiveleakagedetection,testingandreplacementofunder‐performingmetersandtestingandre‐calibrationoftheproductionmeters.Inadditiontothesenormaloperationalimprovementsitisrecommendedthatthefollowingprogramsareconductedin2015.
1. Continuewiththedualmainreplacementproject.Thecontinuedreplacementoftheoldgalvanizedservicelineswillhaveasignificanteffectonreducingwaterlossinthedistributionsystem.
2. Continuetodevelopin‐houseleakdetectiondatamanagementtoallowtheintensiveassessmentneededtoevaluateacomponentanalysis.TheanalysisofthishistoricdatawillgiveoptionstotheDepartmenttoincreaseefficiencyandcompletemorestrategicwaterleaksurveys.
3. AMiamiSpringspilotDMAzoneshouldbesetuptohelpprovetheconcept.Thisisoneunitofthedistributionsystemthatisreadymadeforadistrictanalysis(onesupplypipewithexistingmeteredconnection).RegardlessofleakagelocatedinMiamiSprings,multiplefieldsurveysshouldbecompletedtotesttheeffectivenessoftheequipmentandmethodology.Theworkencompassesthefollowinggoals:
a. Tocomparativelyanalyzetheeffectivenessofastandardacousticwaterleaksurvey(surveytool,groundmicrophonesandcorrelatorsversusloggingsystems).
b. EvaluatethedataavailabilityfromthecurrentlyinstalledAMRsystemandusethisdatatoperformawaterlossanalysisinthepilotzone.
c. Theoreticallyanalyzetheeffectivenessofpressuremanagement.
Thetruepictureofwhatisphysicallylostoutofthesystemwillonlybetrulyknownafterfieldvalidationofwaterlossesthroughmeasurementssuchasdistrictmeteredareas.Intheshorttomedium‐termtheknowledgecanbeimprovedbymoredetailedevaluationofthemeteringandbillingsystemstoimprovetheestimationsofapparentlosses(andsoreducetheerrorintheremainderwhichisrealloss).
TheWUPhighlightsareasforimplementation(seeAppendixC).InadditiontheinitialreviewoftheAuditSoftwareresultshighlightedthefollowingaspossibleissues:
I. Validityofdata–anumberof thedataevaluationswereestimateswhichneedadditionalworktoproveandvalidate.ImprovementsweremadeinCY2014,butadditionalworkstillneedstobedone.
II. Leakage–There isarelatively largereal lossvolumeexpectedtobe leakage.DistributionandTransmissionmainleakagesurveyswillcontinuetobeneeded.
III. Meteraccuracy–moreanalysisneedstobeconductedannuallytoimprovemeteraccuracy.Testingdataneedstobeevaluated,replacementprogramsanalyzedandadetailedtestingprogramfor1‐to2‐inchmetersinitiated.In2015,theutilityhasstrivedtoimprovelargemeteraccuracybyincreasingthefrequencyoftestingonlargecustomermetersaswellaswholesalemeters. Large customermeters (3” and larger) are tested on an annual basisinsteadoftheoriginal3yearrotationbasis. Wholesalemeteraretested(wherepossible)bi‐annually.Additionally,theimplementationofthelargecustomermeterassessmentand
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
40 APRIL 2015
production meter assessment projects will increase the understanding and validation ofinformationforthe2105audit.
IV. Billingsystemaccuracy–therelativelylargewaterlosscomponentmeansthatevaluationofcustomeraccountstoreduceapparentlosserrorfrommis‐classifiedormissingaccountsis advisable. As part of themeter assessment programs, the billing data for these largemeterswillbereviewedbythirdpartypersonnelwhichwilllikelyincreasethevalidationofmeteringcomponentsduringthe2015audit.
6.1 RECOMMENDED BEST PRACTICE IMPROVEMENTS Recommendeditemsforbestpracticeimprovementinclude;
Validity of Data
1. Conductdiscussionswiththerelevantstaffforeachofthepriorityitems.Re‐evaluatedatafrommultipleyearsandremoveorunderstandanomalies
2. Continuetoevaluatecalibrationdataandtestingdataforproduction/finishedwatermeterson an annual basis. Conduct flowvolume to complement the electronic calibration.Movefrom estimation to calculation of the master meter error adjustment. (Also see meteraccuracysectionforretailmeterdatavalidity)
3. Continue to conduct the audit onan annual cycle.Continuediscussionswith theworkinggrouptoanalyzeandassesswaterlosses,andtocreateaccountabilityfordata.
Reduce Leakage
1. Continuewith theautomated (leaknoise logger) surveymethodsand increaseamountofmanualgroundsurveystoimproveactiveleakagecontrol.
2. Construct pilot district metered area(s) in one or more selected portions of the system.Analyzeactualleakageforthe(se)specificsystemsectorsanddeterminethecosts,benefitsandcomplexitiesofexpandingtoadditionalareas.
3. Conductadditional“bottom‐up”analysisofleakageresultsthroughtestingindistrictareastodetermineeffectivenessofsurveymethods.
4. Conductevaluationofpressuremanagementpotential.
5. Conduct a review of staffing levels and equipment that may be required for properimplementationofrecommendations.
Meter Accuracy
1. Conducttestingofaselectionofretailmetersof1‐inch,1.5‐inchand2‐inchsizestocomplementtheworkonthe5/8‐inchand3‐inchandlargermetersthatwereconductedin2012.Continuetotestmetersofallsizesandmanufacturersthroughoutthefollowingyears.Recordtheaverageinaccuracy,weighttheaveragedependingonthevolumethrougheachmetersize,andrecordintheauditforCY2015year.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Recommendations 41
2. Testthewholesalecustomermeterstwiceayear.Determineifthereareanyinaccuraciesandrecordthisintheoverallaudit.Continuetotestthewholesalecustomermeterstwiceperyear.Implementaprocesswhereanyinaccuraciesareactivelyrecordedfortheannualaudit.Additionally,developawrittenprocedurethatinsuresthatallwaterusedfortestingisbeingaccountedforinfutureaudits.
3. Analyzemastermetertestingresultseveryyear,andnoteandcalculateanydiscrepanciesontheaudit.
Billing System Accuracy
1. Conductdetailedreviewofbillingsystemoperations,including
a. Reviewoflargemetermultipliers
b. Reviewofclassificationsforaccountswithchangeofuse
c. Cross‐reference property parcels, tax and utility records to water utility accountrecords
2. Conductpilotbillingsystemanomalyassessmenttomakesurethattherearenoerrors inaccountingofdata,orfrommeterreadingstothebillingsystem.
SomeofthemainbusinessbestpracticechangeswhichcouldbeusedtoimproveandreducewaterlossesareoutlinedinSections6.1.1through6.1.4
Prioritisation of Implementation Programs
Eachoftheprogramsdescribedaboveandintheoutlinesbelowwillprovidesomemeasureofaidtoreducingthevolumeofwaterlossand/orreducetherevenueimpactofthoselosses.Aswouldbeexpectedsomewillhaveafasterreturnoninvestment.Astheanalysesaredevelopedanddatafurthervalidatedtheleveltowhichthelossescanbereducedwillbebetterunderstood.Theanalysisofexistingleakagedataisaidingwithprioritization,butdevelopmentofthedistrictmeteredareaandpressuremanagementpilotswillenablemoreaccuratecostbenefittobedevelopedforreallosses.Thiswillhelptodeterminewhethertechniquessuchasstandardacousticsurveys,technology(e.g.noiseloggers),orpressuremanagementarethemosteffectiveforreducingleakage.Apparentlossesarealreadybeingprioritizedthroughtheanalysisofthemetertestingdataoverthepastfewyears.Thisisimprovingknowledgeofwhenmetersarefailingandwhentheyshouldbereplaced.Thisprioritizationwillbeimprovedasthesedynamicsarebetterunderstoodthroughanalysisofadditionaldataandthroughevaluationofthebillingsystemanditsinteractionwiththesemeteringsystems.
6.1.1 Validity of Data ‐ Improving Validation
Improvementsinvalidationcouldincludeannualreviewofdataandmorediscussionregardingthescoringoftheaccuracyofdata.Theperformanceindicatorsdevelopedaboveshouldbeusedinthiseffort.ThisisalsocompletedwithintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftwareonabasiclevel(usinga1to10scoringsystem),andthisformatcouldbeincludedintheadditionalperformanceindicators.Staffwouldthenreviewthescoringandtheimportanceofthevariable,andworktowardsimprovingthevalidationscoresofthemostimportantindicators.
Transparentanalysisofdatamustbedeveloped.Arevenueenhancementteamshouldbesetuptoincludemembersfromeachdepartment,whomakesureallthedataisreviewed,andestimatesarereplacedbyactualdatathroughincreasedvalidation.Eachmembershouldbeaccountablefortheirportionofthedataset.Thedatasetcouldbedividedamongteammembersinasimilarformatwith
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
42 APRIL 2015
theperformanceindicators.Thisgroupshouldmeetatleasteveryquarter.Thedepartmentsinvolvedinthisteamshouldinclude(butnotbelimitedto):Administration/Management,CustomerService/Billing,Finance,MeterMaintenance,Operations,Personnel/HumanResources,SpecialProjects,andTreatment.
6.1.1.1 Continue Annual Water Audit
ConductanannualwaterauditfortheentireDepartment’ssystem,andifpossibleforselectedpressurezones.Inaddition,futureauditingandreportingfortheDepartmentshouldbeperformedwitheitheranoverreachingauditdepartment/managementanalystorathirdpartyauditor.Thispartywillreviewthedocumentation,andreportitannuallytoalldepartments(atleastinternally).
TheAWWAmethodologyremovesitselffromtheunaccounted‐for‐waterpercentagesusedinpreviousyears,andfocusesmoreonperformanceindicatorssuchasgallonsperconnection.Theseindicatorsaregenerallymorerobustandlesssusceptibletoclimaticchangesfromyeartoyear.Itisexpectedthatpercentageswillstillbeusedbyadministrationandbudgetstaff.However,withrespecttowaterlossespercentageisapoorindicatorandshouldbeusedsparingly.
Onceperformancetrendsareestablished,astaffmembershouldbeassignedtoreviewandcontrolthedata.InmanycasesthemostefficientmethodistohaveaManagementAnalystworkingfull‐timeonthisanalysis.Thisworkalmostalwayspaysforitselfwiththerevenueenhancementsandsavingsthatthisindividualcanfindandhelptomanagereduction.
6.1.2 Reduce Leakage
GeneralDepartmentresponseandactionwithrespecttowatermainbreaksisequaltooraboveindustryaverages.Therearesomeareasofpossibleimprovementavailableinallthreecomponentsofreportedleakage:awareness,location,andrepair.
TheDepartmentcurrentlyhasanexcellentactiveleakagecontrolprogram,andthisprogramshouldimprovewiththeadditionofextrastaffandreviewofhistoricdata.Withrespecttounreportedleaks,theDepartmentcanimprovebyreducingthetimetosurveythesystem.However,therearesignificantconstraintsbeyondthecontrolofMDWASDwhichhamperthiseffort.Theseincludethelinelocationcompanytimerequirementswhicharesetandfixedtimelines.Oncemoredetailedanalysisofthecostsandbenefitsoftheleakdetectionprogramisperformed;theactualreductioninwaterlossescanbeestimated.IfthereallossesarestillgreaterthantheILIgoal,thenadditionalresourcescouldbetargetedtoreducethesurveycyclefurtherorotherwiseimprovetheleakdetectionandrepairprocess.Thiswouldreducetheruntimeofunreportedleaksandreducewaterlossesproportionally.
Tocontrolleakagetotheeconomiclevel,3anincreasedlevelofactiveleakagecontrolbeyondthatcurrentlyemployedbytheDepartmentislikelytoberequired.Thecurrentpracticeofutilizingacousticnoiseloggersisexcellentpractice;however,thiswillnotfindalltheleakageinasystemduetotheconflictingnoisesinadistributionsystem.Electricaltransformers,streetlights,pumpingequipmentandpipelinebendsandconstrictionscanallcausenoisesignatureswhichcanconfusethenoiseloggingunits.Thereforeacomponentofthisprogramshouldalsoincludefieldstaffconductingacousticsurveyswithequipmentspecificallydesignedforsurveyingofwaterleaks,andlisteningtoallthehydrants,valves,andfittingsintargetedareas.Remotetechnologyisanexcellenttool,butitdoesnotyetactasatotalreplacementforactivesurveys.Performanceindicators
3 At the economic level of water loss, the cost of additional water loss reduction outweighs the benefits.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Recommendations 43
showingthenumberofleaks,typesofleaks,andidentificationmethodshouldberecordedandreported.
Thecurrentdualmainreplacementprogramwillalsoaidthereductionofleakageastheoldgalvanizedservicelinesinalleywaysareknowntobeamajorsourceofleakagewherevertheyarestillpartoftheinfrastructuremix.Also,hot‐spotareaswithunusuallylargeleakageshouldbeidentifiedandmeasuredthroughactivesurveys,andtargetingmethodssuchasDistrictMeteredAreas(DMA).Thiswouldallowbettertargetingofresourcestothemostproblematicareas.
6.1.2.1 District Zone Active Leak Detection
ActiveleakdetectionshouldincludethedevelopmentofDMAstoimprovetheknowledgeofactualamountofwaterlossinapilotzone.ThissubsectionalsodescribesanoverviewofanactiveleakdetectionprocesseswhichcouldbeusedfortheDepartment.
6.1.2.2 District Metering
Districtmeteringreferstorecordingallflowsintoadiscreteareaofthedistributionsystem.Dataregardinginflowsintothediscreteareaprovidethebasisofanassessmentoflevelsofwaterloss,aswellasaidinginquantifyingactualreductionsinthelevelsofwaterlossesachievedbyvariousactivities.Reallossisusuallyassessedbasedontheminimumflowrateinagivenarea.TheMinimumNightFlow(MNF)usuallyoccursbetween02:00AMand04:00AMeachmorning,andisoneofthemostmeaningfulpiecesofdataformeasuringleakage.However,intheDepartment‐specificcase,therewillbesectorswithinthedistributionsystemwheretheminimumflowratedoesnotoccurduringthisperiod.Thoseareaswithnewerhomes,whichhaveautomaticsprinklersystems,canchangethewaterusecharacteristicsconsiderably.Automaticsprinklersareoftensetbetween2AMand4AM.Inthesecases,itismoredifficulttodeterminetheminimumflowunlessartificialmethodsareincorporatedsuchasrestrictingoutdoorwaterusetospecificdaysoftheweek.Duringthelowest‐useperiod,thepressureishigher,authorizedconsumptionisataminimum,andtherefore,leakageisatitsmaximumpercentageofthetotalflow.Ifthereweredayswithintheweekwherenoirrigationwasallowed,thenitwouldbepossibletocontinuewiththispracticeduringtherestoftheyear.
Districtmeteringmaybecomplexorcostlytoimplementinsomeportionsofthesystem.Pilotstudyareaswillallowthesecostsandcomplexitiestobeevaluated.Analysisofminimumnightflowsrequirestheuseofsophisticatedtechniquestodeterminelegitimatenightuse,whichincludeconductinganAssessedNightUsestudy.CurrentlynoDMAstudieshavebeenconductedwithintheDepartmentservicearea.
6.1.2.3 Analysis of Flow and Pressure Data
Analysisofflowandpressureshouldbeconductedinordertoevaluatethegreatestriskforleakage.Ingeneral,thehigherthepressure,thegreatertheriskofleakagethereis.
Figure6‐1showsanexampleinstallationofapressureloggerontheoutletfromaPRV.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
44 APRIL 2015
Figure 6‐1 Example Pressure Logger Installation
6.1.2.4 Improve Current Leak location practices
Decreasingleakawarenesstimescanbeaccomplishedbyeducatingandengagingthepublic,utilitystaff,andprivategroupstobemorevigilantinreportingleakage.ThiscanbepartiallyachievedthroughtheexistingPublicAwarenessProgram.Leaklocationtimescanbereducedbyutilizingspecifictechnologyandbyprovidingadditionaltrainedleak‐locatingcrews.Thelimitingfactorassociatedwithfasterrepairtimesmaybeassociatedwithobtainingtimelyutilitylocates.Byimprovingotherutility(gas,electricDepartment,etc.)locationtimes,repairscanbecompletedinamoretimelymanner.
6.1.3 Meter Accuracy ‐ Water Meter Testing and Replacement
MeteraccuracyisoneofthemostimportantfactorswithrespecttooverallwaterlossesintheDepartmentsystematthetimeofthisproject.Improvementinthisareawillnotreducetheamountofwaterdelivered,butwillsignificantlyincreaserevenuesfrompreviouslyunder‐performingmeters.Thefollowingsubsectionsoutlinesomeofthemethodswhichcanbeusedtoanalyzethetruevalueofthelossesandwaystoalleviatethem.
6.1.3.1 Volume Limits
Asampleofresidentialmeterswiththroughputvolumeswhichareabovethewarrantylimits(Table6‐1)forrepairedmetersshouldbetested.Itisexpectedthatthereareanumberof2‐,1.5‐,1‐,and5/8‐inchmeterswithflowvolumesinexcessofthewarrantylimits.The5/8‐inchmetersarealreadybeingtestedaspartofanongoingprograminitiatedin2012.
Metertestingisexpectedtodeterminethatdegradationofthemeteraccuracyoccursatarateofthroughputgreaterthanthewarrantyvolume.Thismaybeuptothreetimesthewarranty(asdevelopedinpreviousstudies,butonlyorganizedtestingandanalysisoftheseresultswillallowthistobedetermined.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Recommendations 45
Table 6‐1 Example Meter Volume Warranties
METERSIZE UNITSWARRANTYLIMITS 1.5XWARRANTY
5/8‐inch CCF 2,005(1.5MG) 3,008(2.25MG)
1‐inch CCF 4,010(3MG) 6,015(4.5MG)
1.5‐inch CCF 6,684(5MG) 10,026(7.5MG)
2‐inch CCF 10,694(8MG) 16,041(12MG)
Ifthecustomerisusingenoughwaterforthemetertobeoutofwarranty(throughflowvolume)withinfiveyears,thenthecustomershouldbecontactedinanefforttoreducetheirusagetowithinthenormalrangeofthemeterwarranty.Ifthisisnotpossible,themetersshouldbechangedoutformeterswithlargerdiameters(oncemeter‐sizinganalysis[seeAWWAmanualsM22andM6formoreinformation]determinesthebestmetersizeforthecustomer).Inaddition,improvementsinmeteraccuracywillimproverevenuerecoveryfromsewerusagecharges.Theseneedtobereviewedwithinthisstrategy.
6.1.3.2 Age Limits
Mostmeterreplacementprogramsarebasedonage.Inmanycases,theturnoverofmetersisquickerthannecessary.Thesamestandardizedtestingregimeusedforvolumeofthroughputshouldbecompletedformeterswithrespecttoageaswell.Testsfromothersystemshavedeterminedagesofreplacementupto25years(dependingalsoonotherfactorssuchasvolumeofthroughput).Thiswouldbe10yearsbeyondthefactorywarrantylimits,andcouldtheoreticallydefer40%ofnormalexpenditureonthemeterscomparedtoarepairpolicyjustbasedonwarranty.
Itshouldbenotedthatwearenotrecommendingablanketmeterreplacementprogramofevery25years.Thisistheexpectedaverageageofmeters,duetoprogramsandtestingdevelopedthroughcarefulstudy,andwouldneedtoberelatedtotheDepartmentspecificdataforittoapplytotheDepartmentaswell.Thestructuredapproachevaluatingvolume,variationsinhigh,intermediate,andlowflow,aswellasageandmetersizingisrecommended.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
46 APRIL 2015
6.1.3.3 Testing of Meters
TheformatofmetertestingshouldfollowthecurrentAWWAstandards.Thisisasfollows:
Table 6‐2 AWWA Standard Flow Test Ranges
METERSIZE UNITS FULL INT LOW
5/8‐inch GPM 15 2 ¼
1‐inch GPM 40 4 ¾
1.5‐inch GPM 50 8 1.5
2‐inch GPM 100 15 2
3‐inch GPM 150 20 4
4‐inch GPM 200 40 7
6‐inch4 GPM 500 60 12
Additionally,eachtestshouldincludea“testblank”whichisanewmeterwithknowntesthistoryfromthemanufacturer.Ifthismeterwhentestedismorethan2%outsidethemanufacturertestedrange,thenthismetershouldbesentbacktothemanufacturerforre‐testing.Ifthereisstilla2%discrepancybetweenthemanufacturer’stestandthetestconductedbyDepartmentstaff,thenanotherrepresentativetestshouldbeconductedbya“third‐party”metertester.Oncethisisconductedthecorrectanalysiscanbeevaluated.
6.1.3.4 Conduct Assessment of AMR/AMI Implementation
AnevaluationofthecostsandbenefitsofthecurrentmeteringprogramsisunderwayinCY2015.Thereviewwillincludeexpectedtimelinesandcostsforfuturemaintenanceand/orreplacement.Currentlythestaffcostsforbillingareverylow,andadditionalfactorswouldberequiredtomakeafixednetworkorsimilarAMR/AMIimplementationcosteffective.Staffwouldassessandreportonthesecostsandbenefits,andrecommendthemostadvantageousprogram.
6.1.4 Billing System Accuracy
TheDepartmenthasdedicatedstaffandputprocessesinplacetoassistindetectingbillingsysteminaccuracies;howevermanyofthesechecksandcontrolsarededicatedtohighorlowexceptions,meterchanges,submeterusage,andno‐readswithlimitedchecksforreviewingbillingsystemaccuracyonotherbills.
6.1.4.1 Review Unauthorized Uses
Conductananalysisoftheftofservice,andcustomersnotcurrentlyreceivingthecorrectbill.Thisneedstobeinconjunctionwithabillinganalysis.Initialreviewwouldincludeanalysisofcustomerswithwaterservicebutnowastewaterservice,accountsthatconsistentlyreadzero,identificationofaddresseswithnoservice,etc.
4 The large meter testing flow rates are being changed in the newest version of AWWA Manual M6 (2014). See this manual for more detailed testing information.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Recommendations 47
6.1.4.2 Evaluate Mis‐classified Accounts
Evaluateandcorrectaccountswithmis‐classifiedmetertypes(residentialorirrigation)toenablemoreequitablecostofserviceforallcustomers.Thewateruseassociatedwithasprinkleraccountisnotassessedaseweragecharge,thereforeanymis‐classifiedaccountswouldneedtobedeterminedandchanged.
6.1.4.3 Water Billing Data Quality Control
AlthoughtheDepartmenthasstaffspecificallydedicatedtobillingprocessandreadexceptionanalyses,additionalresourceswouldenhancetheprogress.Existingstaffhaveotherbillingrelatedtasks.Underthisstrategy,theDepartmentwoulddedicateafull‐timeManagementAnalysttooverseethewaterlossreductionandrevenueenhancementprogram.ImprovementsinwaterlossreductionmustbedocumentedtoshowthattheDepartmentisimproving,andthattheinvestmentcommittedtotheBilling,MeterMaintenance,andLeakDetection/Operationsdepartmentsisreducingtheselosses.TheManagementAnalystshouldinterfacewithallrelevantDepartments,collateandorganizeallthedata,andpreparereportsontheperformanceofeacharea.Thiswillinclude,butnotbelimitedto,thefollowingrecommendedactivities:
Reviewsewerusagechargestoimproverevenuerecoveryfrominaccuratemeters.Thisisanadd‐ontotheanalysisofmeteraccuracy.Sinceitisnotexactlyaone‐to‐onerelationshipbetweentheinaccuracyofthewatermeterandthelossofsewercharges,thisneedstobeanalyzedseparately.
Reviewcustomeraccountswithawateraccount,butnowastewateraccount.
Reviewfirelineclassification,anddetermineifanyareunbilled.
6.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LOSSES Inthecurrenteconomicclimate,financialpressurewilldriveallinvestmentsininfrastructurewhichcandrivedownleakageandapparentlosses.Itwillbeaveryimportantnextsteptocontinuetoevaluatetheeconomiclevelofeachofthewaterlossareas.
Focusingononeormoreofthebestpracticeimprovementsdepictedabovecanhavetheeffectofdrivingtheannualwaterlossvolumefromthecurrentleveltowardstheunavoidableannualvolumelevel.Somewhereinbetweenwillbetheeconomiclevelfortheutilitytomaintain.Theeconomicleveloflossesisusuallydescribedasfollows:whenthesavingsfromtherecoveredwaterexactlyoffsettheexpendituretosavethewater.However,allnewsourceshaveanassociateddevelopmentcost.Therefore,theeconomiclevelofrecoveryforreallossesshouldalsoaccountfortheminimumamountthatanewwaterresourcecancost.ThisavoidedcostisamorerelevantbaselinefortheDepartmentduetothefuturewaterresourceconstraintssuggestedinthe20yearplanninghorizonoftheWaterUsePlan.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 49
Appendix A. Implementation Plan
Exhibits17Aand17BoftheDepartment’sWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐WofFebruary9,2015,providesascheduleofactivitieslistedinthewaterlossreductionplan.
BelowarelistedalltheactivitieslistedinExhibits17Aand17B.Eachitemisfurtherdescribedinthefollowingsections.
AppendixA‐TableofContents
A.5 RecommendationsforRealLossReduction
A.5.3.1 SystemDesign(ActiveReview)[Completed]
A.5.3.2.2 SystemManagement
A.5.3.2.3 AssetMaintenanceorReplacement
A.5.3.2.4 ReduceMaintenanceResponseTimes
A.5.3.2.5 ActiveLeakageControlandSounding
A.5.3.2.6 NumbernotusedinTable
A.5.3.2.7 PressureManagement
A.5.3.2.8 SpeedandQualityofRepairs
PerformVenturiComparativeTests
ConductWholesaleCustomerUnmeteredConnectionSurvey[Completed]
PilotFixedNetworkAMR
EnhanceGISDatabase
A.6 RecommendationsforApparentLossReduction
A.6.3.1 ReducingUnmeteredSupplies
A.6.3.2 ImprovedMeterAccuracy
A.6.3.3 CommercialMeterTypesandSizes
A.6.3.3.2.1 CompoundMetersandTurbineMeterComparisonofUsage
A.6.3.3.2.2 SettingEconomicMeterTestingGoals
A.6.3.4 ImprovedCalibrationofWholesaleCustomerMeters
A.6.3.5WholesaleCustomerUnmeteredConnectionAnalysis
ConductFieldAccuracyTestingofCommercialMeters
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
50 APRIL 2015
PilotAMRtoImproveDataandReduceCost
CharacterizeResidentialWaterDemandUsePattern
DetermineEconomicOptimumforResidentialMeterReplacement
A.5.3.1 – SYSTEM DESIGN (5.3.1 IN WATER USE PERMIT)
History
Completed
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
None
A.5.3.2.3 – ASSET MAINTENANCE OR REPLACEMENT ActionItem:TheDepartmentinitiatedeffortstoevaluateandimprovethedistributionpipereplacements.
History
In2010,MDWASDperformedan‘EconomicAnalysesofLeakDetectionProgramandPipeReplacement’study,whichevaluatedhistoricaltrendstoestablishanadaptivestrategyforpipereplacementandleakdetectionprogramsbasedonstatisticalanalysisofleakincidences,pipereplacementinvestments,andeconomiclevelsofreturn.Thestudyproposedamodifiedapproachtoalignsystembettermentinvestmentswitheconomicimpactassessmentofleakincidences.
In2010,MDWASDalsoinitiatedthe“ConditionAssessmentofPrestressedConcreteCylinderPipe(PCCP)”programwhichsurveyedthemajorwatertransmissionpipelines.Asaresultoftheassessment,MDWASDdevelopedarehabilitationprogramusingCarbonFiberReinforcedPlastic(CFRP)systemandover40milesofPCCPwereinspectedin2011.
In2012theDepartmentcompletedinspectionofall120milesoflargediameterPCCPpipeinthewaterdistributionsystemandsuccessfullyrepaired/replaced118segments.
In2013theDepartmentupdatedthedistributionsystemdatabasewithnewdevelopmentsandreplacementsincludinginformationonpipeageandpipematerialtobettercorrelatepipebreakswithpiperehabilitationand/orreplacementefforts.
3. Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014theDepartmentupdatedtheGISdatabaseforreplacementsincludinginformationonpipeageandpipematerial.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Implementthemodifiedapproachforpipereplacementasrecommendedbythestudy.
Whilecollectingleakdetectionandpipelinedata,recordtheinformationthatintegratestheinterconnectivityofthesystemandtherelationtoothersetsofdata,suchasundergroundpipematerial,size,age,andenvironment(i.e.soiltype,soilcorrosivity,etc.)thatcanhelpdocumentthebasisforpipefailure.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 51
Validatetheaccuracyoftheassetconditionassessmentthroughevaluationthroughfieldtesting.ContinuethePCCPrehabilitationprogram,asrecommendedintheassessment.
Followupontherecommendationsofthisstudyinordertoconductpipelineconditionassessmentonthosesegmentsofthedistributionsystemfoundcritical.
A.5.3.2.4 – REDUCE MAINTENANCE RESPONSE TIMES MDWASDinitiatedeffortstoreducethetimeittakesforitsmaintenancecrewstorespondtoleaksandtoimprovethespeedandqualityofitsrepairs.
History
MDWASDhaskeptbasicdataonspeedandqualityofrepairformanyyears,however,untilrecentlyithasnotgenerallybeentransferredtoAssetManagementdatabasesformoreaccuratereview.QualityofrepairshasbeendrivenbyutilizationofstandardmethodsandpracticessuchasthosedevelopedfromAWWAStandardsdocuments.
In2013MDWASDcommencedincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014theDepartmentreviewedthetrackingofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).Examplecomponentanalysisreviewofresponsetimeswasconsidered.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Continuewithdevelopmentofanactivedatabaseofthetimesthatleakswerereported,pinpointedandrepaired.Thecostsofrepair(laborandmaterials)shouldalsobeincludedantheamountoflostwaterestimatedwhenthisdataisavailable.Thisdatashouldbeusedtodeterminethecostsofeachleakandcost‐benefitofavoidingthesecostsdeveloped..
Toreduceresponsetimestorepairleaksofthegreatesvalue,itisrecommendedthattheprogramincludeleakclassificationsaspartoftheworkordergenerationproceduresasameanstoprioritizeleakrepairs.
Evaluateawarenesstimesincaseswhereknownissueshaverunforextendedperiodsoftime(butwerenotassociatedtoleakageuntilafteraleakwasfound).
Conductareviewofthequalityoffittingsandrepairs.Evaluateifanyofthefittingsusedareperformingpoorlyandifsoreviewthestandardsandspecificationsaroundtheseitems.
Reviewcurrentfailureanalysisdocumentationaswellasallrepairdatatodetermineamoreefficientandcostefficientproceduretoincreasereturnoninvestmentwhilereducingwaterloss.
Conductareviewofstaffinglevelsandequipmentthatmayberequiredforimplementingrecommendations.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
52 APRIL 2015
A.5.3.2.5 – ACTIVE LEAKAGE CONTROL AND SOUNDING MDWASDinitiatedanactiveleakagecontrolandsoundingprogram,includingbothunmanned(noiselogger)andmannedleakpinpointing.
History
In2010,MDWASDperformedan‘EconomicAnalysesofLeakDetectionProgramandPipeReplacement’study,whichevaluatedhistoricaltrendstoestablishanadaptivestrategyforpipereplacementandleakdetectionprogramsbasedonstatisticalanalysisofleakincidences,investments,andeconomiclevelsofreturn.Thestudyproposedamodifiedapproachtoalignsystembettermentinvestmentswitheconomicimpactassessmentofleakincidences.
MDWASDisalsointheprocessofincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).
In2013MDWASDinitiatedanevaluationofautomatedleakagedetectionthroughleaknoiseloggers.Twosystemsweretrialed(thetrialsarecontinuinginto2014)andevaluationsofsuccesscomparedwithleaksdetectedandrepairedarebeingconducted.MDWASDhasalsoincreasedthesensitivityofitsleakdetectionprogrambyreducingthedistancebetweennoiseloggers(bothautomatedandmanuallydeployed).Mappingwasconductedtodeterminethelocationofleakswithinthesystem.ThiswastransferedontoGISandleak“hotspot”mapsdeveloped.Currentlythedataisshownbyleakspersquaremile.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDfocusedonimprovingefficiencyoftheleaknoiseloggerdeployments.Thelift‐and‐shiftmethodologywasusedtosurveysystemandallowmoreeffectiveuseofleakpinpointingresources.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Implementthemodifiedapproachforleakdetectionasrecommendedbythestudy.
Whilecollectingleakdetectiondata,recordtheinformationthatintegratestheinterconnectivityofthesystemandtherelationtoothersetsofdata,suchasundergroundpipematerial,size,age,andenvironment(i.e.soiltype,soilcorrosivity,etc.)thatcanhelpdocumentthebasisforpipefailure/causesofleak.
Continuetoevaluateleakspermileofmainforthetotalsystemandpersectortogaininformationonwherereallossesare.Considerconnectingwiththehydraulicmodeltodetermineifpressure,age,ormaterialhasaneffectwithrespecttoleakage.
EvaluatetheeffectivenessofacousticleaknoiseloggersurveysversusstandardacousticsurveysconductedbyLeakageTechnicians.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 53
A.5.3.2.7 – PRESSURE MANAGEMENT Aspartofthis,MDWASDplanstocompleteaZoneManagementPilot.
History
MDWASDisintheprocessofdevelopingapilotstudyforPressureandZoneManagementthatwillassessastrategyfortimelyreducingsystem‐widerealwaterlosses(andattendantnon‐revenuewater)withoutcompromisinglevelofservice.
In2013initialreviewoftheMiami‐DadesystemwasconductedandtheMiamiSpringsareawaschosentobeevaluatedforapilotzoneevaluationforpressuremanagement.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014additionalreviewoftheMiami‐Dadesystemwasconductedandmeteringdatawasevaluatedpriortoanyfinaldecisionforapilotzoneevaluationforpressuremanagement.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Developaconceptualplanforthepilotstudy
AssesstheeffectivenessofpressuremanagementwithinMiamiSprings
A.5.3.2.8—SPEED AND QUALITY OF REPAIRS MDWASDinitiatedeffortstoimprovethespeedandqualityofitsrepairs.
History
MDWASDhaskeptbasicdataonspeedandqualityofrepairformanyyears,however,untilrecentlyithasnotgenerallybeentransferredtoAssetManagementdatabasesformoreaccuratereview.QualityofrepairshasbeendrivenbyutilizationofstandardmethodsandpracticessuchasthosedevelopedfromAWWAStandardsdocuments.
TheMDWASDhas10crewsdedicatedtofixanyleaksassoonaspossibleincludingnight‐shiftteams.
In2013MDWASDwasintheprocessofincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDcontinuedtoincorporateleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Updatethedistributionsystemdatabasewithpipeageandpipematerialtobettercorrelatepipebreakswithpiperehabilitation/replacementefforts.
Createandmonitormetricsforqualityoffixtures(howoftentheybreak,etc.)andthetimefromawarenesstorepair.
IncludetotheEAMStrackingadetailedfailureanalysisaswellaswhetheraleakwasreportedorunreported.Thisstepwillhelpmanagementmakemoreinformeddecisionsregardinglinerefurbish/replacement.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
54 APRIL 2015
ENHANCE GIS DATABASE MDWASDiscurrentlyenhancingitsGISdatabase.
History
MDWASDcontinuestoenhanceitsGISdatabasetoincludemoreinformationonitsdistributionsystemfeatures(pipelengths,diameters,materials,ageinservice,etc.).
TheGISdatabasewasqueriedtoaccessthecurrentmileageofpipelinewithinthesystem.Thedatabasecontinuestobeupdatedactivelywhenevernewwatermainprojectsarecompletedandafteranyfield‐basedreportsshowdifferencesfromwhatiscurrentlywithinthedatabase.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
AdditionalimprovementsintheGISdatabasewereincludedin2014.Thisincludedremovalofasmallnumberofmilesofrawwatermainpreviouslyincludedintheaudit.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Planintegrateduseofexpandedcapabilitiesinassetmanagementprogramandconductinitialfieldvalidationtoproveaccuracyofdatabase..
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPARENT LOSS REDUCTION
A.6.3.1 – REDUCING UNMETERED SUPPLIES MDWASDcontinueswitheffortstoreduceunmeteredwatersupplies.
History
Fire‐fightingandmainflushingarethelargestunmeteredusesinMDWASD’ssystem.Althoughnotmetered,mainflushingvolumesareestimatedusingindustryaccepted(flowxduration)protocolandareconsistentlyrecorded.Usagebyfiredepartmentsiscurrentlyneitherestimatednorrecorded.
In2010,FireDepartmentsthatreceivewaterfromMDWASDwereidentifiedandcontactedtorequesttheircooperationindevelopingamethodologytobetteraccountfortheirwaterusage.
In2013mainflushingcontinuedtobemonitoredactivelyandflowxdurationcalculationsdeveloped.Firedepartmentwaterusewasnotaccountedfor.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014mainflushingcontinuedtobemonitoredandflowxdurationcalculationsdeveloped.Firedepartmentwaterusecontinuestonotbeaccountedfor.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
ConductmeetingswiththeidentifiedFireDepartmentstoevaluatetheirwaterusage.
BasedonthefeedbackfromtheFireDepartments,developamethodologyforappropriatelyaccountingforFireDepartmentwateruse.
Recordallunmeteredusesanddevelopannualtrendsofthisusage.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 55
A.6.3.2 – IMPROVED (RETAIL) METER ACCURACY MDWASDcontinuestoconductfieldaccuracytestingofcommercialmeterstoimprovemeteraccuracy.
History
Somecommercialmetersiteshaveprovedtobechallengingtotest,notbecauseofthesites,butbecauseofcircumstancessuchasJacksonHospital’sinabilitytoshutdownanentirelinefortestingpurposes.
In2010,adedicatedtestingsitewasinstalledtotest4‐inchmeters.In2012,twonewtechnologies(ultrasoundandelectromagneticmeters)continuetobetested.In2012aresidentialmetertestingprogramwasinitiated.Morethan800metersweretestedin2012.
In2013MDWASDcontinuedtoconductaccuracytestingandevaluationtoestimatetheoverallaccuracyandreplacementofsuspectretailmeters.Analysisoftestdatawasalsoconductedbystaffinternstoevaluateage‐basedperformancedata.NewmeterssuchasSensusiPerlarebeingtrialled.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDfocusedonlargecustomermetertestingandrepair.Thedurationbetweentestswasactivelyreducedinthisaudityear.TheDepartmentisalsoimplementingalargecustomermeterassessment(2014/2015)tohelpdefineoverallmeteraccuracyanddeterminepropersizeandtypeofmetersinstalledonallcustomerswithmeters3”andlarger.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Determinemetertestingfrequencybymetersizeandconfigurationbasedoneconomicalandstatisticalanalysesofcommercialmetersamples.
Installtesttapsatlocationsthathavebeenevaluatedandinspectedwheredisplacementmetersandturbinemeterswerebeingusedinacompoundsetting.
Installandtestnewmetersforbetteraccuracyandlessmaintenance.
Monitorandanalyzedatatodirectreplacementandmaintenanceimprovements
A.6.3.3.2.1 – COMPOUND METER USAGE COMPARED TO SAME SIZE TURBINE METERS MDWASDinitiatedeffortstocomparecompoundmeterusagetosimilarly‐sizedturbinemetersettings.
History
MDWASDhasobtainedafewnewstyle“Omni”metersfromSensusforevaluation.ThesemetersactascompoundmetersandwereinstalledbyMDWASDatvarioussitesandpassedtheevaluationprocesswithsatisfactoryresultsregardingmeasurementofultralowflowswithafullrangeofhighflows.The“Omni”metershavenowbecomestandardforMDWASD.
In2013MDWASDcontinuedtouseandspecifytheOmnimeters.Continuedanalysishasbeenconductedtoproveoutthesatisfactoryresultsdevelopedinpreviousyears.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
56 APRIL 2015
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDcontinuestouseandspecifytheOmnimeters.Continuedanalysishasbeenconductedtoproveoutthesatisfactoryresultsdevelopedinpreviousyears.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Continuetodocumenttheinitialevaluationof“Omni”meters.
Developandanalyzeadatabasewithtestingdataresults..Aspartofthelargecustomermeterassessmentprogram,varioustestdatawillbeanalyzedtodetermineanoverallinventoryaccuracy.
Continuereplacingtheobsoleteturbinemeterswith“Omni”orotherreliablemeterscurrentlyunderevaluationbyMDWASD.
Continuetotesttheturbinemeterstodeterminethemeteraccuracyandtorankreplacements
A.6.3.3.3 – LOOKING FORWARD (SETTING ECONOMIC METER TESTING GOAL)
History
Completed
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
None
A.6.3.4 – IMPROVED CALIBRATION OF WHOLESALE CUSTOMER METERS MDWASDiscurrentlyperformingcomparativeaccuracytestingonitswholesalecustomerventuri,turbine,andpositivedisplacementmeters.
History
MDWASDperformstestingofthewholesaleturbinemeterstwiceayear
VenturiMeterSites:In2010,stepsweretakentoconnectthesemeterstoSCADA.Testtapinstallationsthatarerequiredforaccuracytestingarepending.
TurbineMeterSites:ThesemeterswereallconnectedtotheAMRsystem.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
Thewholesalecustomermeterscontinuetobetestedtwiceperyear.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
PlanCapitalImprovementProgramrequiredfortestinginaccessiblemeters.
Continuetoconductsemi‐annualtestingofwholesalemeters
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 57
A.6.3.5 – WHOLESALE CUSTOMER UNMETERED CONNECTION ANALYSIS MDWASDinitiatedunmeteredwholesalecustomerconnectionsurveyandanalysis.
History
In2009,MDWASDfoundawholesalemeterby‐passthatwasopenallowingunmeteredwaterdeliverytothewholesalecustomer.Allby‐passmetershavenowbeenlockedandevaluationofmeteringorconnectiontoSCADAwillbeundertakenin2011.
In2013MDWASDcontinuedtochecktheby‐passmeterstomakesuretheycontinuetobelockedandnotamperinghadbeenconducted.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDcontinuedtochecktheby‐passmeterstomakesuretheycontinuetobelockedandnotamperinghadbeenconducted.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
CompletetheevaluationofmeteringandconnectiontoSCADAofallthewholesalemeters
Continuetomonitorallbypassestomakesurethatnounmeteredwholesaleuseisoccurring.
Considerinstallingbypassmetersonanyunmeteredline
PERFORM VENTURI COMPARATIVE TESTS ‐ WTPS MDWASDiscurrentlyperformingcomparativeaccuracytestingonthecombinedrawandfinishedwatermetersatitswatertreatmentplants.
History
In2012MDWASD;
ContractedwithGEMeasurementandControltoconductflowdiagnosticsofallthemagneticflowmeterscurrentlyinstalledatallthesupplywellsinthesystem.ThetestresultspresentedintheJune3,2012reporttitled“WellWaterFlowMeterVerificationReport”showedthatallthemetersarewithinthemanufacturer’snormaloperatingrangeandareregisteringflowsaccurately
In2012theDepartmentalsoconductedtheirbiannualcalibrationoftheflowtransmittersatalltherawandfinishedwaterventurimetersinthethreeplants.Calibrationreportsindicatedthatalltransmitters“passed”thecalibrationtestsinboththe“asfound”and“asleft”condition.
In2013calibrationwasconductedattheAlexanderOrr,HialeahandPrestonPlantsforfourrawwaterVenturiMetersandfinishedwatermeters.GEMeasurementandControlwasagaincontractedtoconductflowdiagnosticsofallthemagneticflowmeterscurrentlyinstalledatallthesupplywellsinthesystem
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014aProductionMetersAssessmentwasinitiatedtomoreaccuratelyvalidatethefinishedwaterventurimeteringsystems.Thisisduetobecompletedin2015.
2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
58 APRIL 2015
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Continuetoflowtestandcalibratemetersonanannualbasis
● TestingfortherawandfinishedVenturiwatermetersatsomeofthethePrestonandHialeahplantscannotbeperformeduntiltesttapsareinstalled.ReviewinstallationlocationsfortesttapsneededtovalidatethelevelofmeteringaccuracyatthePreston/Hialeahplants.
Identifyanycapitalprojectsthatmayberequiredtosupportmetertesting.
PERFORM COMPARATIVE TESTS – WHOLESALE CUSTOMERS MDWASDcontinuestoperformcomparativeaccuracytestingonitswholesalecustomerventuri,turbine,andpositivedisplacementmeters.
History
VenturiMeterSites:In2010,stepsweretakentoconnectthesemeterstoSCADA.Testtapinstallationsthatarerequiredforaccuracytestingarepending.
TurbineMeterSites:In2010,thesemeterswereallconnectedtotheAMRsystem.Evaluationofotherwholesalemetersispendinguponinstallationofadditionaltesttaps.
Wholesalecustomermeterswereflowtestedannuallywherepossible.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2013)
Wholesalecustomermeterswereflowtestedsemi‐annually.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
ContinuetoplanCapitalImprovementProgramsrequiredfortesting,monitoringand/orreplacementofinaccessiblemeters.
AdditionalevaluationoftheSCADAorAMIconnectivityisbeingconsidered
PILOT FIXED NETWORK MDWASDiscurrentlyexpandingtheAMR/AMInetwork.
History
In2010,MDWASDinitiatedtheexpansionoftheAMInetworkwiththeinstallationofadditionalAMImetersfromSensusMeteringSystems,Inc.Atotalof820AMImeterswereinstalledintheMDWASDserviceareaand4,300AMRmetersintheMiamiSpringsserviceareahavebeeninstalled.
MDWASDalsoworkedonajointAMIprojectwiththeParksdepartment.
AdditionalAMIandAMRinterfaceunitswereconnectedtothesystemin2013andtheMiamiSpringsnetworkwastested.Thissystemwasoperationalin2013,andwasoperationalforbillingpurposesin2014.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
TheMiamiSpringsAMInetworkwasoperationalinApril2014.Datafromthesystemhasbeenreviewedandevaluatedthroughtheaudityearandinto2015.
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 59
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
ContinuetoexpandAMR/AMInetworkandcontinuetotestitseffectivenessintheMDWASDservicearea.EvaluatetotalsystemAMR/AMIpotential.
DETERMINE ECONOMIC OPTIMUM FOR RESIDENTIAL METER REPLACEMENT ThisitemrequiresthatMDWASDcharacterizeresidentialwaterdemandpatternsanddetermineeconomicoptimumforresidentialmeterreplacement.
History
“MeterMaster”loggersweredeployedtocharacterizeresidentialdemandinOctober2008andwererotatedthrougharepresentativesetofmetersonaweeklybasis.Residentialdemanddata,alongwithageandmetertestingdata,wasusedtoestablishaneconomicoptimumformeterreplacement.
SensusSRmodelmeterisanoldmeterdesignthatcomprisesmostoftheMDWASD’smeterinventory.In2010,MDWASDinvestigateddifferentmetermodelsandbegantoconsidernewmeterssuchasSensus“iPERL”.
In2011,MDWASDstartedtheimplementationof4,000+“iPERL”meters.
In2012aresidentialmetertestingprogramwasinitiated.Morethan800metersweretestedin2012.Reviewofthemetershopoperationsandpracticeswasalsoconductedtoimproveefficiencyofreplacementunderstandingandprocedures.
Analysisofthedegradationoftheretailcustomermeterswasevaluatedin2013toinitiatemoreactivereplacementpoliciesforthesemeterswithintheMDWASDsystem.Reviewofthelead‐freerequirementsofSection1417oftheSafeDrinkingwaterActwasconductedtoassesshowitmayaffecttherepairandreplacementoftheexistingmeterstock.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
Meteringfocuswasshiftedtemporarilytothelargecustomermetersin2014.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Reviewresidentialtestingrequirementstoimprovesmallmeteraccuracy.
Continueloggingandanalyzingdatafromnew‐modelmetersinstalledinthesystemtoupdatetheassessmentoftheeconomicoptimumreplacement.
Continuethereplacementofresidentialmeterswiththenew“iPERL”orsimilarmeterswithintegraldatalogging.
Conductresidentialdemandpatternanalysiswithnewstandardmeterswhichcanbettermeasurelowflows.
Miami‐Dad
BLACK & VE
Appen
de Water and
EATCH |
ndix B.
Sewer Depart
Water
ment | 2014 A
Audit R
ANNUAL WATE
eport
ER LOSS REDUCCTION PLAN
61
62
20014 ANNUAL WWATER LOSS REEDUCTION PLAAN | Miami‐Daade Water andd Sewer Depar
APRI
rtment
IL 2015
Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 63
Appendix C. Water Use Permit
The Deparment’s current Consolidated Water Use Permit, Permit No. 13‐00017‐W, is available from the
South Florida Water Management District’s ePermitting webpage via the following link.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/ePermitting/DetailedReport.do?recordId=0&showMenu=false