EDUQAS Design and Technology (Materials Technology Timbers) Website: http://resource.download.wjec.co.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/vtc/2016-17/16- 17_1-4/website/index.html (online revision guide) www.technologystudent.com (excellent database for DT) Revision Guide: Collins Design Technology revision guide. Core knowledge revision topics: Timbers (Resistant Materials): Unit Revision topic Fact revision Exam prep revision Student choice Materials and their properties Textiles Polymers Metals Timber Papers and boards New and emerging technology Industry and enterprise Sustainability and the environment People, culture and society Production techniques and systems Informing design decisions Energy, materials, systems and devices Energy generation Energy storage Modern materials Smart materials Composite materials and technical textiles Systems approach to designing Electronic systems processing Mechanical devices Specialist Knowledge: Resistant Materials ONLY Unit Revision topic Fact revision Exam prep revision Student choice Tim ber Sources and origins Revision guide – Available
Transcript
EDUQAS Design and Technology (Materials Technology Timbers)
1. Which of the following is an example of a textile from an animal-based source? [1]⬨ Lycra
⬨ Cotton
⬨ Polyester
⬨ Silk
2. What would be a suitable fabric construction for a pair of tights? Explain how the fabric construction can improve the performance of a product.[4]
3. Blended or mixed fabrics are used to combine the most desirable properties of two or more fibres. Polycotton, made from cotton and polyester, is used by many mass-market clothing manufacturers. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using polycotton in mass-produced apparel? [6]
4. Match the key terms to the definitions. [4]
Key term Definition
Woven Non-woven fabric made from brushed and compressed fibres.
KnittedFabrics made by interlocking yarns that run from top to bottom (the warp) and right to left (the weft). The fabric is made on a loom.
Felted One or more non-woven fabric that has been bonded, fused or stitched to another fabric.
Bonded Fabric made from a single interlocking yarn. Construction allows fabric to stretch.
Total 15
Core theory: Polymers 1. State the two categories of polymer? [2]
2. What type of plastic is most commonly used for disposable cups, food containers, cheap toys, and school based vacuum forming? [1]
⬨ Expanded polystyrene
⬨ High Density Polyethylene
⬨ HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene)
⬨ Acrylic
3. Complete the following table by matching each plastic (polymer) with its correct category. The first two have been completed for you. [6]
4. Urea formaldehyde is commonly used in the manufacture of electrical plugs and fittings.Give two properties of urea formaldehyde that make it suitable for these applications. [2]
5. Bleach bottles are commonly manufactured from HDPE.
Give two properties of HDPE that make it suitable for this use. [1]
6. Give two reasons as to why PVC is the most widely used polymer in medical applications such as blood bags, tubes, surgical and examination gloves? [2]
Total 14 marks
Core theory: Metals and alloys
1. Which one of the following metals is the most effective conductor of electricity? [1]⬨ Tin
⬨ Iron
⬨ Copper
⬨ Steel
2. From the list of common items:
(a) Name the metal and state if they are ferrous or non-ferrous metals [5]
(b) Match the characteristics to the item [5]
Metal Name Characteristics
Hard and hard wearing, less ductile
Soft, malleable, good conductor
Easily machined, formed or brazed. Ductile and tough.
LightweightDuctileGood strength to weight ratio
Hard, brittle
3. Metal naturally occurs in the crust of earth. In its natural state, what is the mixture of metal and rock known as? [1]
4. Name one method of extracting metal from the earth. [1]
5. Name one element that is combined with iron to produce steel. [1]
6. Name one key difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals. [1]
7. Explain how the addition of carbon affects the properties of steel. [1]
8. Explain what is meant by:
(a) ductility [1]
(b) malleability [1]
Total 18 Marks
Core theory: Natural and manufactured timbers1. Which one of the following is a type of wood from a coniferous tree? [1]
⬨ Beech
⬨ Ash
⬨ Oak
⬨ Larch
2. Give one common characteristic of hardwood trees. [1]
3. Give one advantage of using ash to make a set of cricket stumps. [1]
4. (a) Suggest an appropriate type of wood for making a model aircraft. [1]
(b) Give two reasons for your choice. [2]
5. An architect has designed a house that is entirely clad in larch.
State and justify one physical or working property of larch that make it suitable for exterior cladding. [2]
6. A kitchen worktop has been made from melamine laminate covered chipboard. Evaluate the use of chipboard for a kitchen worktop. [4]
Total 12 marks
Core theory: Papers and boards
1. Which of the following is a unit of paper measurement? [1]⬨ Milligram
⬨ Grams per square metre
⬨ Micron
⬨ Nanometre
2. Wood fibre is used to make paper pulp. (a) Name two alternative fibres that can be used? [2]
(b) Give two reasons why wood fibres are most commonly used. [2]
3. Name one common paper with high absorbency. [1]
4. Describe the properties of one board that make it suitable for displaying artwork. [2]
5. Study the packaging below. Considering the physical and working properties of the materials used, explain one reason why each type of paper and board has been utilised. [6]
Carton board containerThis material is used because…
Corrugated card cup sleeveThis material is used because…
2-ply servietteThis material is used because…
150gsm paper bag with handleThis material is used because…
Total 14 marks
Duplex board containerThis material is used because…100gsm brown
paper bagThis material is used because…
Core theory: Industry and enterprise1. The automotive industry makes use of robotics in production line manufacturing.
(a) Describe two factors that make the production of cars suitable for automated assembly line manufacture. [4]
(b) The introduction of robotics and automation in industry has impacted the design of the workplace.
(i) Explain one way in which automation may affect the physical layout of a parts warehouse. [2]
(ii) Explain one way in which automation may have changed systems and procedures in picking and packing items from the warehouse. [2]
2. The invention of a new and emerging technology often requires significant investment for product development and advertising before it can become mainstream.Explain one method a small organisation might employ to increase funding or awareness of their new product. [2]
Total 10 marks
Core theory: Sustainabilty and the environment1. Energy sources can be categorised as either finite or non-finite.
(a) State what is meant by a finite resource. [1]
(b) Give one example of a non-finite energy source. [1]
(c) Explain one benefit to the environment of using non-finite energy resources. [2]
2. Manufacturers frequently make choices about their suppliers of raw materials based on their impact on society and the environment.Examples include the use of recyclable components, fair trade textiles and biodegradable packaging.Discuss how these choices may improve the ethical image of a company. [6]
3. The Japanese ‘Kaizen’ culture describes continuous improvement. (a) Describe what is meant by ‘continuous improvement’. [2]
(b) State how employees are commonly involved in the continuous improvement process. [1]
4. State one way in which manufacturing and consumption affects: (a) pollution levels [1]
(b) global warming [1]
Total 15 Marks
Core theory: People, culture and society1. ‘Technology push’ and ‘market pull’ are forces that bring new invention and discovery to
the market place. (a) Give two reasons why a competitive advantage can be gained by a company
in being the first to push a new technology onto the market. [2]
(b) (i) State what is meant by ‘market pull’. [1]
(ii) Give one example of a market pull force. [1]
2. A supplier is discovered to be selling clothing items of a similar quality significantly cheaper than any of its competitors. (a) Discuss any ethical questions that retailers might ask before purchasing stock? [4]
(b) The supplier reports that its materials are produced in a factory that is entirely automated.
Explain one reason why automation might enable a factory to reduce production costs? [2]
(c) Suggest one cost that may increase with an increase in automation. [1]
3. A new supermarket is being built on the outskirts of a town. Discuss how its design might incorporate features to avoid negative impact on minority groups including the disabled and the elderly. [4]
Total 15 Marks
Core theory: Production techniques and systems1. Which one of the following is a principle of ‘lean’ manufacturing: [1]
⬨ Increasing production speed
⬨ Eliminating waste
⬨ Reducing quality
⬨ Improving staff morale
2. Which one of the following statements is true? [1]⬨ Flexible Manufacturing Systems are largely manual processes
⬨ Computer Aided Manufacture is slower than using traditional machines and tools
⬨ Computer Aided Design can only produce two-dimensional designs
⬨ Computer Numerical Control is used with automated milling machines
3. Describe one feature of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) that make them suitable for producing short runs of a particular part? [2]
4. A component is shown below.
(a) The part needs to be drawn to a scale of 1:4. Calculate the diameter of hole A on the new scale drawing. [1]
(b) The part is currently being designed in the UK using a Computer Aided Design (CAD) software package before being manufactured by an automated machine.
(i) State two advantages of using CAD software to produce the drawing. [2]
(ii) Give one disadvantage of using CAD to produce the design. [1]
(c) Explain two benefits that just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing could have for the manufacturer of the part. [4]
Total 12 Marks
Core theory: Informing design decisions
A
1. Planned obsolescence is used to create products with a deliberately limited lifespan. Which one of the following is not a factor in deciding the lifespan of a product: [1]⬨ Fashion⬨ Colour⬨ Available material⬨ Function
2. Manufacturers might consider using recycled material in the construction of a new product.(a) Identify three considerations when sourcing used parts. [3]
(b) Describe two benefits to a manufacturer of designing and making a product from recycled parts. [4]
The new product should be responsibly disposed of at the end of its life.(c) Give two ways a company can design a product to improve its recyclability? [2]
3. Manufacturers can design products so that can be easily repaired or maintained.(a) Give one design feature that makes a product easier to repair at home. [1]
(b) State one advantage and one disadvantage to a company of making their products easily repairable by professionals. [2]
(c) Why might it still be cheaper for consumers to purchase a new product rather than having it repaired by a third party? [1]
Total 14 Marks
Core theory: Energy generation
1. Which of the following statements about fossil fuels is false? [1]⬨ Fossil fuels are burned to create heat, which fires steam-driven turbines
⬨ Fossil fuels include gas, oil and coal
⬨ Fossil fuels produce no CO2 when burned
⬨ Fossil fuels cannot be replaced as fast as they are being used
2. Name three different renewable energy sources. [3]
3. The National Grid is the network of power cables that connect power sources to supply electricity to businesses and homes in the UK. Discuss how the National Grid ensures a consistent supply of power on a cold and still winter’s evening and justify why demand might be high at this point? [5]
4. Explain how fossil fuels are used to produce electricity. [3]
5. Explain how shale gas is produced by fracking (hydraulic fracturing). [3]
Total 15 marks
Core theory: Energy storage 1. Which one of the following is a type of kinetic energy? [1]
⬨ Mechanical
⬨ Sound
⬨ Chemical
⬨ Nuclear
2. Name three simple methods of storing energy that can be found in most homes or in a design and technology workshop? [3]
3. Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy, giving one example for each. [4]
4. Describe how flywheels can be used to store surplus energy and smooth erratic energy generation from some renewable sources. [6]
5. Describe the use of energy storage systems, including kinetic pumped storage systems, to use surplus energy to help smooth peak supply and balance the demand on the National Grid.You may use a diagram to aid your answer. [4]
6. Standard alkaline battery cells are 1.5V.
(a) State the voltage of a rechargeable cell. [1]
(b) How many rechargeable cells would be required in a 12V battery? [1]
Total 20 marks
Core theory: Modern materials 1. Which one of the following statements is false? [1]
⬨ Nanomaterials are between 1 and 1000 nanometres in size
⬨ Graphene is a carbon lattice structure one atom thick
⬨ Biodegradable polymers are made from petrochemical resources
⬨ Information is transmitted down fibre optic cables using pulses of light
2. Name three different modern materials and describe one use for each. [6]
3. Explain why LCD screens are appropriate for use in a battery powered metronome? [3]
4. Explain why biodegradable polymers are considered to be CO2 neutral. [3]
5. How might metal foams be beneficial to patients receiving orthopaedic implants? [2]
Total 15 marks
Core theory: Smart materials
1. Which one of the following smart materials does not react to electricity? [1]⬨ Shape memory alloy
⬨ Quantum tunnelling compound
⬨ Thermochromic pigment
⬨ Piezoelectric material
2. Which smart material can be both a conductor and an insulator? [1]
3. Explain one disadvantage of using photochromic particles with self-darkening glasses. [2]
4. Describe how self-healing polymers could be useful in the construction of plastic frames for glasses and sunglasses. [2]
5. Use the following key words to create a short paragraph that explains the process that self-healing concrete undergoes when activated. [3]
6. The following question is about the shape memory alloy, nitinol.(a) Nitinol is an alloy of nickel and which other metal? [1]
(b) How is a shape ‘set’ in to the memory of nitinol? [2]
(c) A piece of Nitinol has a shape ‘set’ in its memory.
Explain what stimulus is required to return the material to its ‘set’ shape, once deformed. [1]
(d) Name and briefly describe one commercial use of nitinol. [2]
Total 15 marks
Core thoery: Composite materials
1. Which one of the following is a type of Aramid fibre? [1]⬨ Cotton
⬨ Stainless steel thread
⬨ Gore-Tex®
⬨ Kevlar®
2. What is meant by a ‘composite’ material? [2]
3. Put the following steps, for forming a single layer glass reinforced plastic component, in the correct order. Draw lines between the steps. [8]
Step 1 Apply resin and work evenly into matting
Step 2 Clamp in position and leave to cure
Step 3 Apply GRP matting
Step 4 Trim and finish workpiece
Step 5 Prepare mould
Step 6 Apply gel coat
Step 7 Apply release agent
Step 8 Release the workpiece from the mould
4. Explain how a Gore-Tex® membrane works. [3]
5. Gasses, liquids and solids can be microencapsulated in a fabric. Give two applications of microencapsulation within a technical textile [2]
6. Discuss the environmental concerns regarding microfibre products such as the cleaning glove shown below. [4]
Total 20 marks
Core thoery: Systems approach 1. Which one of the following components is used to detect light levels? [1]
⬨ LED
⬨ Thermistor
⬨ LDR
⬨ Resistor
2. Which one of the following is an output component? [1]⬨ Speaker
⬨ PTM switch
⬨ Pressure pad
⬨ Microphone
3. Explain the functional difference between a closed loop system and an open loop system. [2]
4. This question is about connecting components together in a circuit.
(a) What is the name for the style of circuit drawn below? [1]
(b) Which electronic component is labelled SW1? [1]
(c) Which electronic component is labelled D1? [1]
(d) Explain the function of resistor R1. [2]
(e) Split the timing circuit below into three blocks by drawing two vertical lines across it. Label each of the blocks, stating whether it is the input, output or process. [3]
Total 12 marks
Core theory: Electronic systems processing 1. Which one of the following components will give a digital signal? [1]
⬨ Microphone
⬨ Light dependent resistor
⬨ Toggle switch
⬨ Thermistor
2. Using notes and sketches, explain the characteristics of the following types of signal. [4]
Analogue: Digital:
3. Explain how a microcontroller can be programmed. [2]
4. A digital egg timer uses an input, process and output.(a) Suggest an appropriate input component. [1]
(b) Suggest an appropriate output component. [1]
(c) Circle the most appropriate device below to be used for the timing process.[1]Monostable
Astable
Total 10 marks
Core thoery: Mechanical devices 1. Which one of the following motions describes travel along a straight path? [1]
⬨ Reciprocating motion
⬨ Linear motion
⬨ Rotary motion
⬨ Oscillating motion
2. Which type of motion best describes the movement of a washing machine drum? [1]
3. Which class of lever best describes the action of lifting a wheeled suitcase? [1]
4. What is meant by the term equilibrium when applied to levers? [1]
5. Give two functions of a linkage. [2]
6. A crank and slider converts one motion into another. State both motions. [2]
7. For each of the following statements, state the type of cam described.(a) A round cam with a hole for the camshaft positioned off centre. [1]
(b) A cam with a long dwell, a slow rise and a sudden drop. [1]
(c) A cam designed to have no dwell period. [1]
(d) A cam with a long dwell and a rapid rise and fall. [1]
8. Which type of follower is the most accurate but most prone to wear? [1]
9. Explain the use of an idler gear? [2]
Total 15 marks
Timber knowledge: Sources, origins and properties1. Which of the following pairs of production methods are used with manufactured boards:
[1]⬨ Compression and steaming
⬨ Warping and compression ⬨ Compression and lamination
⬨ Suspension and steaming
2. What does the term 'timber conversion' refer to? [1]⬨ The cutting down of trees once they have reached maturity
⬨ The drying out of timber to a usable moisture content
⬨ The process of cutting timber into standard sized planks
⬨ The manufacture of waste material from the timber industry into boards
3. State and explain two processes carried out in managed forests that help to make them sustainable.(i) Process: [1]
Explanation: [1]
(ii) Process: [1]
Explanation: [1]
4. When converting timber into planks, what do the initials PAR stand for? [1]
5. Justify one suitable use of PAR timber. [2]
6. Give one advantage of kiln drying timber over air drying. [1]
7. Discuss the possible environmental impact of using chipboard to make flat-packed furniture.
Your answer should include reference to:• sourcing the raw material• the manufacture of the board• the end of the product’s life
[10]
[Total 20 Marks]
Timber knowledge: Working with timber
1. Study the picture of the hand-held disc sander shown below. [10]
Complete the table below by identifying a hazard and stating a precaution.An example has been given.Hazard PrecautionLong hair could get caught in the disc Ensure long hair is tied back
2. Name each of the following tools. Give details of a specific process where you would use each tool.[4]
Name
Process
Name
Process
3. A timber 'moulding' would be suitable for which one of the following applications? [1]
⬨ Reinforcing a wood joint
⬨ A skirting board
⬨ Shaping a steam bent plank
⬨ A kitchen worktop
4. What is the function of a surform? [1]
⬨ To route a groove in wood
⬨ To remove wood from rebates and recesses
⬨ To smooth a surface
⬨ For the fast removal of material
5. State two advantages of having stock forms and sizes of timber readily available. [2]
6. Briefly explain the process of steam bending a piece of timber. [2]
[20 marks]
Timber knowledge: Manufacturing and finishing1. Give four advantages to a manufacturer of using CNC machinery to produce a
range of timber based products. [4]
2. A mass produced breadboard has been produced using a CNC router.(a) Describe two factors that make the board suitable for CNC manufacture. [2]
(b) What quality control measure could a manufacturer use to ensure that all the hole cut in the board is within a specific tolerance? [1]
(c) In the space below, design and annotate a component to explain your answer to part (b) above. [4]
3. Give two reasons why a manufacturer uses systems to ensure the accuracy of their products. [2]
4. A company manufacturing children’s furniture wants to extend their range to include high quality educational toys.
Name one suitable material that you would recommend to manufacture the toys from. [1]
6. Which one of the finishes below is not suitable for use on an external window frame? [1]
⬨ Varnish
⬨ Wax
⬨ Paint
⬨ Stain
Wood preservative ⬨7. When purchasing rough-sawn timber for outdoor use, you may opt to have
tantalised timber.
(a) Explain the process of tanalising. [3]
(b) State two advantages of tanalising timber. [2]
