8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

1/115

Exercises

Articles

Articles: a/an PEG 1-4

Insert a or an if necessary.1 My neighbour is . . . photographer; let's ask him for . . . a!ice about colour films." #e ha . . . fish an . . . chips for . . . lunch. $

%hat oesn't soun . . . !ery interesting lunch.& I ha . . . !ery ba night; I in't sleep . . . ink.4 (e is . . . !egetarian; you on't get . . . meat at his house. (e'll gi!e you . . . nut cutlet.

$)ast time I ha . . . nut cutlet I ha . . . inigestion.* . . . tra!el agent oul gi!e you . . . information about . . . hotels.+ #e' better go by . . . ta,iif e can get . . . ta,i at such . . . hour as " a.m.

. . . person ho suffers from . . . claustrophobia has . . . rea of being confine in . . .small space/ an oul alays prefer . . . stairs to . . . lift.

0 o you take . . . sugar in . . . coffee2 $I use to/ but no I'm on . . . iet. I'm trying to lose . . . eight.

3 . . . man suffering from . . . shock shoul not be gi!en anything to rink.1 5ou'll get . . . shock if you touch . . . li!e ire ith that screri!er.

#hy on't you get . . . screri!er ith . . . insulate hanle211 It costs fifty-fi!e an . . . half pence an I'!e only got . . . fifty pence piece. $ 5ou can pay by . . . che6ue here. $ 7ut can I rite . . . che6ue for . . . fifty-fi!e an . . . half pence21" . . . Mr 8mith is . . . ol customer an . . . honest man. $

#hy o you say that2 (as he been accuse of . . . ishonesty21& I'm not . . . age-earner; I'm . . . self-employe man. I ha!e . . . business of my on. $

%hen you're not . . . orker; you're . . . capitalist914 #hen he as charge ith . . . murer he sai he ha . . . alibi.1* . . . frien of mine is e,pecting . . . baby. If it's . . . girl she's going to be calle

Ethelrea. $#hat . . . name to gi!e . . . girl9

1+ I ha!e . . . hour an . . . half for lunch. $I only ha!e . . . half . . . hourbarely . . . time for . . . smoke an ... cup of coffee.

1 I hope you ha!e . . . lo!ely time an . . . goo eather. $7ut I'm not going for . . . holiay; I'm going on . . . business.

10 (e looke at me ith . . . horror hen I e,plaine that I as . . . ouble agent.13 I ouln't climb . . . mountain for :1/9 I ha!e . . . horror of . . . heights." I ha!e . . . heaache an . . . sore throat. I think I'!e got . . . col. $

I think you're getting . . . flu."1 . . . Mr ones calle hile you ere out (neither of us knows this man).(e ants to

make . . . complaint about . . . article in the paper. (e as in . . . !ery ba temper."" If you go by . . . train you can ha!e 6uite . . . comfortable

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

2/115

house to . . . ol smugglers' ca!e in the cliffs."4 I'm ha!ing . . . fe friens in to . . . coffee tomorro e!ening.

#oul you like to come2 $I' lo!e to/ but I'm afrai I'm going to . . . concert.

"* It's time you ha . . . holiay. 5ou ha!en't ha . . . ay off for . . . month."+ (e broke ...leg in... skiing accient. It's still in . . . plaster." I ant . . . assistant ith . . . knolege of =rench an . . . e,perience of . . . office

routine."0 I see that your house is built of . . . oo. >re you insure against ... fire2"3 %he escaping prisoner campe in . . . oo but he in't light . . . fire because . . .

smoke rising from the oo might attract . . . attention.& I ha . . . ama?ing e,perience last night. I sa . . . inosaur eating . . . meat pie in . . .

)onon park. $ 5ou mean you ha . . . nightmare. >nyay/ inosaurs in't eat . . . meat.&1 I'll pay you . . . hunre . . . eek. It's not . . . enormous salary but after all you are . . .

completely unskille man.&" If you kept . . . graph you coul see at . . . glance hether you ere making . . . profit

or . . . loss.&& . . . little (hardly anything)is knon about the effect of this rug; yet . . . chemist ill

sell it to you ithout . . . prescription.&4 I ha!e . . . little money left; let's ha!e inner in . . . restaurant.&* #oul it be . . . trouble to you to buy me . . . nespaper on your ay home2&+ . . . man is . . . reasoning animal.

Articles: the PEG +-0

Inserttheif necessary.

1 . . . youngest boy has

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

3/115

(a!e you rung . . . hospital to ask ho he is21" >nn's habit of riing a motorcycle up an on . . . roa early in . . . morning annoye

. . . neighbours an in . . . en they took her to . . . court.1& (e first ent to . . . sea in a 8eish ship/ so as ell as learning . . . na!igation he ha

to learn . . . 8eish.14 . . . family hotels are . . . hotels hich elcome . . . parents an . . . chilren.1* @n . . . 8unays my father stays in . . . be till ten o'clock/ reaing . . . 8unay papers.1+ %hen he gets up/ puts on . . . ol clothes/ has . . . breakfast an starts . . . ork in . . .

garen.1 My mother goes to . . . church in . . . morning/ an in . . . afternoon goes to !isit . . .

friens.10 )ike many omen/ she lo!es . . . tea parties an . . . gossip.13 My parents ha!e ... col meat an . . . sala for . . . supper/ . . . inter an . . . summer." uring . . . meal he talks about . . . garen an she tells him . . . !illage gossip."1 #e ha!e a !ery goo train ser!ice from here to . . . city centre an most people go to .

. . ork by train. 5ou can go by . . . bus too/ of course/ but you can't get a seasonticket on . . . bus.

"" . . . ea no longer nee . . . help. #e must concern oursel!es ith . . . li!ing. #e mustbuil . . . houses an . . . schools an . . . playgrouns.

"& I' like to see . . . Mr 8mith please. $o you mean . . . Mr 8mith ho orks in . . . bo, office or . . . other Mr 8mith2"4 i you come by . . . air2 $ Ao/ I came by . . . sea. I ha a lo!ely !oyage on . . . Bueen Eli?abeth II."* . . . most of . . . stories that . . . people tell about . . . Irish aren't true."+ . . . marrie couples ith . . . chilren often rent . . . cottages by . . . seasie for . . .

summer holiays.. . . men hire boats an go for . . . trips along . . . coast; . . . chilren spen . . . ay on . . .beach an . . . poor mothers spen . . . most of . . . time oing . . . cooking an cleaning.

" It's usually safe to alk on . . . san/ but here/ hen . . . tie is coming in/ . . . sanbecomes angerously soft. . . . people ha!e been salloe up by it.

"0 #hen . . . %itanic as crossing . . . >tlantic she struck an iceberg hich tore a hugehole in her bo. . . . captain orere . . . cre to help . . . passengers into . . . boats.

"3 E!eryhere . . . man has cut on . . . forests in orer to culti!ate . . . groun/ or touse . . . oo as . . . fuel or as . . . builing material.

& 7ut . . . interference ith . . . nature often brings . . . isaster. . . . tree-fellingsometimes turns . . . fertile lan into a ustbol.

&1 . . . people think that . . . lea is . . . hea!iest metal/ but . . . gol is hea!ier.&" @ur air hostess sai/ '. . . rack is only for . . . light articles. . . . hea!y things such as . . .

bottles must be put on . . . floor.'&& . . . inos are suppose to let in . . . light; but . . . inos of this house are so

small that e ha!e to ha!e . . . electric light on all . . . time.&4 %here'11 alays be a conflict beteen . . . ol an . . . young. . . . young people ant .

. . change but . . . ol people ant . . . things to stay . . . same.&* . . . poer tens to corrupt an . . . absolute poer corrupts absolutely.&+ 5ou can fool some of . . . people all . . . time/ an all . . . people some of . . . time; but

you cannot fool all . . . people all . . . time.

&

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

4/115

Articles: a/an, the PEG 1-0

Inserta, anortheif necessary.

1 %here as . . . knock on . . . oor. I opene it an foun . . . small ark man in . . . blueo!ercoat an . . . oollen cap.

" (e sai he as . . . employee of . . . gas company an ha come to rea . . . meter.& 7ut I ha . . . suspicion that he asn't speaking . . . truth because . . . meter reaers

usually ear . . . peake caps.4 (oe!er/ I took him to . . . meter/ hich is in . . . ark corner uner . . . stairs

C. . . meters are usually in . . . ark corners uner . . . stairsD.* I aske if he ha . . . torch; he sai he islike torches an alays rea . . . meters by . . .

light of . . . match.+ I remarke that if there as . . . leak in . . . gaspipe there might be . . . e,plosion hile

he as reaing . . . meter. (e sai/ '>s . . . matter of . . . fact/ there as . . . e,plosion in . . . last house I !isite;

an Mr 8mith/ . . . oner of . . . house/ as burnt in . . . face.'0 'Mr 8mith as holing . . . lighte match at . . . time of . . . e,plosion.'3 %o pre!ent . . . possible repetition of this accient/ I lent him . . . torch.1 (e sitche on . . . torch/ rea . . . meter an rote . . . reaing on on . . . back of .

. . en!elope.11 I sai in . . . surprise that . . . meter reaers usually put . . . reaings on in . . . book.1" (e sai that he ha ha . . . book but that it ha been burnt in . . . fire in . . . Mr 8mith's

house.1& 7y this time I ha come to . . . conclusion that he asn't . . . genuine meter reaer; an

. . . moment he left . . . house I rang . . . police.14 >re ohn an Mary . . . cousins2 $

Ao/ they aren't . . . cousins; they are . . . brother an . . . sister.1* . . . fog as so thick that e couln't see . . . sie of . . . roa. #e folloe . . . car in

front of us an hope that e ere going . . . right ay.1+ I can't remember . . . e,act ate of . . . storm/ but I kno it as . . . 8unay because

e!eryboy as at . . . church. @n . . . Monay . . . post in't come because . . . roasere blocke by . . . fallen trees.

1 Peter thinks that this is 6uite . . . cheap restaurant.10 %here's been . . . murer here. $

#here's . . . boy2$%here isn't . . . boy. $%hen ho o you kno there's been . . . murer2

13 Aumber . . . hunre an to/ - . . house ne,t oor to us/ is for sale.It's 6uite . - . nice house ith . . . big rooms. . . . back inos look out on . . . park.

" I on't kno hat . . . price . . . oners are asking. 7ut ry an ot are . . . agents.5ou coul gi!e them . . . ring an make them . . . offer.

"1 . . . postman's little boy says that he' rather be . . . entist than . . . octor/ because . . .entists on't get calle out at . . . night.

"" ust as . . . air hostess (there was only one on the plane)as haning me . . . cup of . . .coffee . . . plane ga!e . . . lurch an . . . coffee ent all o!er . . . person on . . . other

4

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

5/115

sie of . . . gangay."& %here as . . . collision beteen . . . car an . . . cyclist at . . . crossroas near . . . my

house early in . . . morning. . . . cyclist as taken to . . . hospital ith . . . concussion. .. . ri!er of . . . car as treate for . . . shock. . . . itnesses say that . . . car as goingat . . . se!enty miles . . . hour.

"4 Professor ones/ . . . man ho isco!ere . . . ne rug that e!eryone is talking about/refuse to gi!e . . . press conference.

"* Peter Piper/ . . . stuent in . . . professor's college/ aske him hy he refuse to talkto . . . press.

"+ #e're going to . . . tea ith . . . 8miths toay/ aren't e2 8hall e take . . . car2 $ #e can go by . . . car if you ash . . . car first. #e can't go to . . . Mrs 8mith's in . . .

car all co!ere ith . . . mu." (e got . . .

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

6/115

3 I ha!e . . . pain in . . . shouler.1 %he inscreen as smashe an the ri!er as cut in . . . face by broken glass.11 (e as . . . !ery tall man ith . . . ark hair an . . . small bear/ but I couln't see . . .

eyes because he as earing . . . ark glasses.1" (e tore . . . trousers getting o!er a barbe ire fence.1& 7rother an sister ere 6uite unlike each other. (e ha . . . fair a!y hair; . . . hair

as ark an straight.14 8he pulle . . . slee!e to attract his attention.1* 8he pulle him by . . . slee!e.1+ '(ans up9' sai the maske man/ an e all put . . . hans up.1 >sk . . . oman in front of you to take off . . . hat.10 (e stroke . . . chin thoughtfully.13 If you're too hot hy on't you take off . . . coat2" I sa him raise . . . right han an take . . . oath."1 %he lioness bit him in . . . leg."" 5ou shoul change . . . et shoes/ or you'll catch another col."& %here as a shot an a policeman came out ith . . . bloo running on . . . face.

"4 #e shook . . . hans ith . . . host."* (e fell off his horse an in

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

7/115

* I'!e tol you . . . hunre times not to come into . . . room ith . . . hat on.+ It's unlucky to light three cigarettes ith . . . match. $

%hat's only . . . superstition. @nly . . . iiot belie!es in superstitions. (e says . . . cara!an is no goo; he nees . . . cottage.0 . . . plate is no goo; e nee . . . o?en.3 )ast time there as . . . fog here . . . plane crash-lane in . . . fiel near the airport. %he

cre ha . . . lucky escape. . . . man broke his leg; the rest ere unhurt.1 5ou'!e been . . . great help to me; . . . ay I ill repay you.11 My car broke on near . . . bus stop. %here as . . . man aiting for . . . bus so I

aske him for . . . a!ice.1" (e took . . . 6uick look at my car an sai/ '7uy . . . ne . . . .'1& %here as . . . oman there. %he rest ere men. $

%here shouln't ha!e been e!en . . . oman. It as meant to be . . . stag party.14 on't tell . . . soul9 Aot e!en your ife9 $

@f course not9 I' ne!er tell . . . secret to . . . oman.1* Most of the staff ha been there for only . . . !ery short time/ but . . . man ha been

there . . . year an . . . half/ so he kne . . . little more than the rest.

1+ Foul you len me . . . ictionary/ please2 I'm trying to o . . . crossor pu??le. $I'm afrai I'!e only got . . . ictionary/ an %om's borroe it.

1 . . . chop on't be enough for %om; he'll ant to; he's . . . small man but he's got . . .big appetite.

10 1 ant . . . !olunteers for . . . angerous

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

8/115

1 mayfor possibility rarely begins a sentence. Instea e use doyou think CthatD Hpresentfuture or isH sub

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

9/115

accoring to the rule for orinary !erbs/ i.e. ithdo.8ometimes either form is possible.

Make the sentences CaD negati!e an CbD interrogati!e/ using ooesi.

1 %hey ha!e eggs for breakfast.

" (e nees a ne coat.& (e use to sell fruit.4 %hey ha!e to ork har.* 8he oes the houseork.+ (e nees more money. (e ha a ro ith his boss.0 8he ha a heart attack.3 (er hair neee cutting.1 (e oes his homeork after supper.11 8he has a singing lesson e!ery eek.1" 8he ha to make a speech.1& (e oes his best.14 (e has to get up at si, e!ery ay.1* %he chilren ha!e inner at school.1+ 8he are him to climb it.1 5ou i it on purpose.10 (e has his piano tune regularly/ (see 119)13 (e ares to say that9" %hey ha a goo time."1 %he rink i him goo."" My atch nees cleaning."& (e ha an accient."4 5ou ha your house painte.

"* 8he use to make her on clothes."+ 5ou o the e,ercises." (e ha ifficulty CinD getting a

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

10/115

3 (e neen't pay at once.1 (e hopes that %om ill be there. C(e hope . . .D11 (o much oes this cost21" (e says that >nn may be there. C(e sai . . D1& (o ol is he214 o you see any ifference21* I o hat I can.1+ (o far can you sim21 I must change my shoes.10 %om ares not complain.13 I on't are CtoD touch it." (a!e you time to o it2"1 >re you frightene2"" Must you pay for it yourself2"& %he letter neen't be type."4 #e hope that he'll come. C#e hope. . .D"* (e says that she may not be in time. C(e sai that she . . .D

"+ o you unerstan hat he is saying2 I on't." %here are accients e!ery ay at these crossroas."0 8he thinks that it may cost :1. C8he thought that it . . .D"3 oesn't Mr Pitt kno your aress2& %hey aren't e,pecting me/ are they2&1 (e thinks that the snakes may be angerous/ (see 28)&" 8he ants to kno if she can borro the car. C8he ante to kno if...D&& Fan't you manage on :1 a eek2&4 %om is certain that he ill in.&* Fan you rea the notice2 Ao/ I can't.&+ I on't think that the bull ill attack us.

Auxiliary verbs

PEG 10

>nser the folloing 6uestions CaD in the affirmati!e CbD in the negati!e/ in each caserepeating the au,iliary an using a pronoun as sub

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

11/115

Must you go20 >re you en to the folloing remarks using(and) soH the nounpronoun in brackets Hthe au,iliary. If there is an au,iliary in the first remark repeat this; if not use do/does/did. (e li!es in )onon. CID (e li!es in )onon and so do 1. (e ha to ait. CyouD (e ha to ait and so had you.

1 I ha!e rea it. CohnD" (e is a riter/ CsheD& %om can speak #elsh/ Chis ifeD4 8he ought to get up. CyouD* I shoul be earing a seat belt. CyouD+ ohn ill be there. C%omD %he first bus as full. Cthe seconD0 I bought a ticket/ Cmy brotherD3 5ou must come. Cyour sonD1 %his bus goes to Piccailly. CthatD

11

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

12/115

11 I'm getting out at the ne,t stop. Cmy frienD1" (e use to ork in a restaurant. C1D

Part 2 > to the folloing remarks using CanD neithernor H the au,iliary H thenounpronoun in brackets. (e isn't back. CsheD (e isn't back and neither is she.

1& I ha!en't seen it. C%omD14 5ou shouln't be atching %K. C%omD1* 5ou mustn't be late. C1D1+ (e can't come. Chis sisterD1 I on't belie!e it. C>nnD10 >lice couln't unerstan. C>nreD13 I'm not going/ CyouD" %his telephone oesn't ork. CthatD"1 %om's car on't start. CmineD"" I han't any change. Cthe ta,i ri!erD"& (e in't kno the ay. Canyone elseD

"4 My father ouln't min. Cmy motherD

Part 3 Fontrary aitions.> to the folloing remarks usingbutH nounpronoun H the au,iliaryor do/does/did.Make a negati!e aition to an affirmati!e remark 8he thanke me. CheD 8he thanke me $ut he didn"t.Make an affirmati!e aition to a negati!e remark 8he can't eat oysters. CID 8he can't eat oysters $ut I #an.Jse neen't as the negati!e of must/ an must as the affirmati!e of neen't.

"* ohn as seasick. CMaryD

"+ (e asn't there/ CsheD" 5ou must go. Cyour brotherD"0 My sister can speak German. CID"3 >le,aner in't ant to ait. CamesD& 7ill neen't stay. C8tanleyD&1 > cat ouln't eat it. Ca ogD&" (e ill engreements ith affirmati!e remarks.>gree ith the folloing remarks/ using yes/soH pronoun H the au,iliary ordo/does/did.%o e,press surprise/ use @h/ so . . . (e has a goo influence on her. - Yes, he has.

1"

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

13/115

1 #e must ha!e a large room." I as !ery rue.& 8he alays ears ark glasses.4 8he may be a spy.* %om coul tell us here to go.+ %here's a snake in that basket. (e nees si, bottles.0 %his boat is leaking93 (is re!ol!er as loae.1 %his restaurant might be e,pensi!e.11 %hey use to ha!e a parrot.1" %he fog is getting thicker.

Part 2 >greements ith negati!e remarks.>gree ith the folloing remarks/using noH pronoun H the au,iliary. Elephants ne!er forget. $!o, they don"t.

1& Fuckoos on't buil nests.14 (e in't complain.1* It isn't orth keeping.1+ (e can't help coughing.1 %he ice asn't thick enough.10 %he lift ouln't come on.13 %his flat hasn't got !ery thick alls." %hey on't ha!e earth6uakes there.

"1 %he oranges in't look !ery goo."" It hasn't been a ba summer."& I on't look my age."4 (e mightn't like that colour.

Part 3 isagreements ith affirmati!e or negati!e remarks. isagree iththe folloing remarks/ using oh no/butH pronoun H au,iliary. Jse a negati!e au,iliaryif the first !erb is affirmati!e an an affirmati!e au,iliary if the first !erb is negati!e.

(e on't be any use. $ (Oh) yes, he will. 8he orke here for a year. - (Oh) no, she didn"t.

"* 5ou're runk.

"+ I in't o it on purpose." %hey eren't in your ay."0 I asn't born then."3 8he' rather li!e alone.& 5ou ga!e him my aress.&1 I can use your bicycle.&" %hat fi!e poun note belongs to me.&& (e in't mean to be rue.&4 Fhilren get too much pocket money.

1&

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

14/115

&* E,ams shoul be abolishe.&+ 8he promise to obey him.

Question tags after negative statements

!"##$

> 6uestion tags to the folloing statements. 7ill oesn't kno >nn. %ill doesn"t know &nn, does he' >nn hasn't got a phone. &nn hasn "t got a phone, has she'

this/thatCsubnn on the phone." 5ou in't o it on purpose."1 %his on't take long.

"" 8he oesn't belie!e you."& It in't matter !ery much."4 (e shouln't put so much salt in it."* Mary couln't lea!e the chilren alone."+ 5ou aren't oing anything tonight." 5ou ouln't min helping me ith this."0 George han't been there before."3 %he chilren eren't surprise.

14

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

15/115

& 5ou ouln't like another rink.&1 %om oesn't ha!e to go to lectures.&" 7ill hasn't got a car.&& 7ill couln't ha!e pre!ente it.&4 I neen't ait any longer.&* %here eren't any mos6uitoes.&+ %he fire asn't starte eliberately.

Question tags after affirmative statements

!"##$ > 6uestion tags to the folloing statements

%om goes to 7ath 6uite often/ doesn "t he'

(e tol you about his last trip/ didn "t he' It as !ery col last night/ wasn "t it'

7e careful of the contractions 's an'd: (e's reay/ isn "t he' (e's finishe/ hasn "t he' (e' seen it/ hadn"t he' (e' like it/ wouldn"t he'

%hese shoul be practise mainly ith a statement intonation/ but they coul also be saiith a 6uestion intonation. 8ee notes to pre!ious e,ercise.

1 %he chilren can rea =rench." (e's ten years ol.& 7ill came on a bicycle.

4 %he 8miths ha!e got to cars.* 5our granfather as a millionaire.+ %om shoul try again. It coul be one.0 5our brother's here.3 %hat's him o!er there.1 George can lea!e his case here.11 %his ill fit in your pocket.1" (is ife has heaaches 6uite often.1& 8he's got lo!ely blue eyes.14 %he tins arri!e last night.

1* Mary paints portraits.1+ 7ill puts the money in the bank.1 7ill put the money in the bank.10 Prices keep going up.13 I'!e seen you before." 7ill's ritten a no!el."1 (is mother's !ery prou of him."" %he tins use to play rugby."& %om might be at home no.

1*

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

16/115

"4 #e must hurry."* 5ou' been there before."+ 5ou' like a rink." %he boys prefer a cooke breakfast."0 Mary ought to cook it for them."3 %hat as >nn on the phone.& %he 8miths nee to cars.&1 5ou'll help me.&" (e use to eat ra fish.&& %here'11 be plenty for e!eryone.&4 5ou' better ait for 7ill.&* 5ou' come if I neee help.&+ 5ou coul come at short notice.

Question tags: mixed

PEG 11

8ee notes to E,ercises 1" an 1&.Aote that a statement containing ors such asnone, nobody, hardly/hardly anyetc. istreate as a negati!e statement (e harly e!er makes a mistake/ oes he2#hen the sub 6uestion tags to the folloing statements.

1 5ou take sugar in tea." 7ut you on't take it in coffee.& %he lift isn't orking toay.4 It ne!er orks !ery ell.* %he area as e!acuate at once.+ %here as no panic. %hough e!eryboy reali?e the anger.0 %here as a lot of noise.3 7ut noboy complaine.1 Mary harly e!er cooks.11 8he buys con!enience foos.1" 8he' sa!e money if she bought fresh foo.1& Mr 8mith usually remembere his ife's birthays.

14 7ut he in't remember this one.1* >n his ife as !ery isappointe.1+ (e ought to ha!e mae a note of it.1 Aeither of them offere to help you.10 %hey on't allo pet ogs in this shop.13 7ut guie ogs can come in." (e harly e!er lea!es the house."1 %hat isn't 7ill ri!ing.

1+

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

17/115

"" Aothing ent rong."& )ions are loose in this reser!e."4 8o e' better get back in the car."* It' be unpleasant to be attacke by a lion."+ >n it ouln't be any use running aay." It is a pity >nn in't come ith us."0 8he' ha!e en

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

18/115

%hey on't are CrefuseD."0 5ou must ClookD both ays before crossing the roa."3 5our map may Cha!e beenD out of ate.& 5ou ought Cha!e finisheD it last night.&1 I must CsayD I think you beha!e !ery baly.&" I ill ha!e CcarryD a tent.&& #e'!e got Cget outD.&4 It might CkillD someboy.&* @ught you CbeD atching %K2&+ 8houln't you CbeD oing your homeork2

Auxiliaries: mixed

PEG chapters 11-1+

=ill each of the folloing gaps ith a suitable au,iliary or au,iliary form.

1 8choolboy to frien I left my book at home. . . . I share yours2

" I'm taking simming lessons. I hope to . . . to sim by the en of the month.& 5ou . . . better take off your et shoes.4 I'm sorry I'm late. I . . . to ait ages for a bus.* %eacher 5ou . . . (o$ligation)rea the play/ but you . . . (no o$ligation)rea

the preface.+ I kne he as rong but I . . . (hadn "t the #ourage)to tell him so. 5ou're getting fat. 5ou . . . to cut on on your beer rinking.0 (e . . . to smoke !ery hea!ily. Ao he harly smokes at all.3 %he ne motoray . . . opene this afternoon/ (plan)1 I'!e come ithout any money. . . . you possibly len me :*211 >nn . . . e meet at Piccailly Fircus2

1" %om It . . . be better to meet at the theatre. #e . . . miss one another at Piccailly.1& . . . you like to come canoeing ith me ne,t eeken214 Mary I . . . to pay "p. for this little chap on the bus yesteray.1* >nn My little boy's uner three so I . . . (!o o$ligation. se present tense.)to pay

for him.1+ %he plane . . . lane (unfulfilled plan)at (eathro/ but it has been i!erte to

Gatick.1 5ou'!e spelt it rong. %here . . . be another 's'.10 5ou . . . tol me9 (I"m disappointed that you didn"t tell me.)13 #e . . . to take a ta,i. @therise e'll be late." >t the holiay camp e . . . to get up at si, an bathe in the ri!er.

%hen e . . . come back an cook an enormous breakfast/ (routine a#tions)"1 %om . . . kno the aress. (om pro$a$ly knows.)"" %om . . . kno the aress. (I"m sure that om knows.)"& I'!e lost my umbrella9 I . . . left it on the bus9 (dedu#tion)"4 %heatre regulations >t the en of the performance the public . . . (are permitted to)

lea!e by all e,it oors."* If I . . . you I' get a ta,i."+ i you paint it yourself or i you . . . it painte2" 5ou . . . (negati*e)to be ri!ing so fast. %here's a spee limit here.

10

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

19/115

"0 5ou . . . (re+uest)get me some aspirin hen you're at the chemist's.

have: possessive PEG 1""

In 7ritish English/ ha!e meaning possess is not normally con

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

20/115

10 %hat cup . . . a crack in it.13 5ou . . . any suspicion ho i it2" %his esk . . . a secret raer2 $

Ao/ moern esks e!er . . . secret raers. (negati*e)"1 #hen you go to a place for the first time/ you e!er . . . a feeling that you'!e been there

before2"" 7abies . . . teeth hen they're born2"& (o many sies . . . a pentagon2"4 @ur cat . . . kittens e!ery year. $

(o many she . . . each time2"* %hey say that if chilren . . . complete freeom hen they are young/ they . . .

inhibitions hen they gro up. (2nd *er$ negati*e)"+ 5ou . . . mos6uitoes in your country in summer2" 5ou . . . chilren2$

5es/ I . . . to/ a boy an a girl."0 5ou . . . a motor cycle2 $

Ao/ I only . . . an orinary bicycle/ but I . . . a motor cycle ne,t year.

"3 #hy o you suenly ant to back out2 5ou . . . col feet2& Fustomer 5ou . . . any mushrooms toay2

8hopkeeper #e usually . . . them but I'm afrai e . . . any at the moment. (last *er$ negati*e)&1 I think I kno the man you mean. (e . . . one blue eye an one bron one2 (negati*e)&" Fhilren noaays . . . far too much pocket money. I . . . any hen I as at school.

(2nd *er$ negati*e)&& #e ere alays getting lost in the esert. $

5ou . . . compasses2 (negati*e)&4 e-haire people alays . . . ba tempers2&* o you think e shoul eat this meat2 It . . . a !ery nice smell. (negati*e)

&+ %he stairs are on fire9 5ou . . . a long rope2

have: various uses

PEG 1"&

havecan meanta!eCa meallessonbath/ etc.D/entertainCguestsD/ encounterCifficulty/etc.D/en"oyCa time

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

21/115

#hat time you . . . breakfast2 $#e usually . . . it at 0..

0 #hat you . . . for breakfast2 $#e . . . toast an coffee.

3 #hy you . . . a cooke breakfast2 (negati*e) It's too much trouble.

1 #hy ere they making such a noise2 -%hey . . . an argument.

11 5ou . . . a thunerstorm yesteray21" Fome in/ e . . . a ebate.1& 5ou . . . a cup of coffee2 $

5es/ please.14 #e . . . a meeting tomorro to iscuss safety precautions.1* %he tree

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

22/115

PEG 113

Part I =ill in the spaces by inserting the correct form of have. Jse am/is/are havinasa future form. Cget can be use instea of ha!e/ but is more collo6uial.D

1 I . . . my house painte. %hat is hy there is all this mess." My hair looks reaful; I think I . . . it set tomorro.& %he attic as ark so last year e . . . skylight put in.4 %hat ea tree is angerous. I . . . it cut on tomorro.* #e . . .

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

23/115

&1 %hey areemployin buildersto buil a garage.&"I pay a %indo% cleanerto clean my inos e!ery month.&& I ent to an oculist an he teste my eyes for me.&4 %he ol gypsy is telling %om's fortune. %om . . .&*I as!ed the $ishmonerto open the oysters$or me.&+ I%ent to a "e%eller and hepierce my ears$or me.

be

PEG 11&-1/ "3/ "3&/ &/ &"

%his is a general e,ercise hich inclues infiniti!es/ sub

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

24/115

"1 (e . . . here by se!en but no it's nine an there's no sign of him. CbeD"" %hey ecie that !oting papers . . . to all members. CsenD"& %here . . . eggs for breakfast tomorro2"4 If only 1... there9 C7ut I asn't.D"* %he Bueen . . . the ne hospital ne,t eek. CopenD"+ I couln't see the man ho as guiing us an I in't kno here e . . . CtakeD" It . . . a trilogy but in the en the author foun that he ha only enough material for

to !olumes/ CbeD"0 5ou.. . !ery angry if I refuse2"3 %he matter . . . iscusse in tomorro's ebate.& (is mare . . . in tomorro's race but he sai this morning that she as sick an

ouln't be running after all. CrunD&1 %he house asn't reay; it still . . . an there ere pots of paint an laers e!eryhere/

CpaintD&" %hey ecie that an e,purgate eition . . . for use in schools. CprintD&& (is orks are immensely popular; they . . . into all the mas... ... sunny she ecie to take the chilren to the sea.+ #hy on't you go for a alk2 . . . . . . a pity to stay in hen . . . . . . so nice outsie. ... ... not any shaos because ... ... not any sun.0 ... ... going to be a bus strike tomorro. $

... ... ...all right if ... ... a fine ay; but if ... ... et

... ... ... long 6ueues on the Jnergroun.3 ... ... not any glass in the inos; that is hy . . . . . . so col in the room.1 ... ... !ery et yesteray; ... ... impossible to go out.11 ... ...a lot of rain last eek. ... ... floos e!eryhere.1" ... ...a thick fog last night. ... ... se!eral accients on the motoray.1& ... ... foolish to ri!e fast hen ... ... foggy.14 ... ... ifficult to fin your ay roun this ton. . . . . . . so many streets all looking

e,actly alike.1* Fome on/ chilren9 ... ... time to get up9 ... ... nearly breakfast time.

"4

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

25/115

1+ . .. . .. ... lunch time hen e get to 5ork/ so let's ha!e lunch there.$ Ao/ ... ... not be time for lunch because our train to Einburgh lea!es 5ork at 1&.1*.1 ... ...a funny smell here. ... ... turpentine210 ... ...all sorts of stories about obin (oo/ but ... ... not knon e,actly ho he as or

hat he i.13 ... ... sai that if you break a mirror you'll be unlucky for se!en years." >s he ha !ery ba sight ... ... ifficult for him to recogni?e people."1 'Fan I ha!e a elegraph,please2' sai the customer.

I'm afrai ... ... not any left/' sai the nesagent. '7ut . . . . . . a uardianon the rackbesie you. #hy not take that2 ... ...

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

26/115

=ill the folloing spaces/ using canfor present/ couldfor past an shall/%ill be ableforfuture. %here is no nee to use other able form in this section. Put to here necessarybefore the infiniti!es.

1 . . . you stan on your hea2#I . . . hen I as at school but I . . . no. (2nd *er$ negati*e)

2#hen I'!e passe my ri!ing test I . . . hire a car from our local garage.& >t the en of the month the Post @ffice ill sen him an enormous telephone bill hich

he . . . pay. (negati*e)4 I . . . remember the aress/ (negati*e)

. . .you e!en remember the street2 (negati*e)* #hen the fog lifts e . . . see here e are. .+ 5ou'!e put too much in your rucksack; you ne!er . . . carry all that. #hen I as a chil I . . . unerstan aults/ an no that I am an ault I . . . unerstan

chilren/ (negati*e, negati*e)0 #hen you ha!e taken your egree you . . . put letters after your name2

3 on't try to look at all the pictures in the gallery. @therise hen you get home you . . .remember any of them. (negati*e)

1 #hen I first ent to 8pain I . . . rea 8panish but I . . . speak it. (2nd *er$ negati*e)11 ...you type2$

5es/ I . . . type but I . . . o shorthan/ (2nd *er$ negati*e)1" I'm locke in. I . . . get out9 (negati*e)

. . .you s6uee?e beteen the bars2 (negati*e) Ao9 I . . .; I'm too fat. (negati*e)

Part 2couldan asableIn some of the folloing sentences eithercould or %as ablecoul be use. In others only

%as/%ere ableis possible. =ill the spaces an put to here necessary before theinfiniti!es.

1& (e as !ery strong; he . . . ski all ay an ance all night.14 %he car plunge into the ri!er. %he ri!er . . . get out but the passengers ere

rone.1* I as a long ay from the stage. I . . . see all right but I . . . hear !ery ell.

(2nd *er$ negati*e)1+ #e . . . borro umbrellas; so e in't get et.1 . . . you alk or i they ha!e to carry you210 I ha no key so I . . . lock the oor. (negati*e)13 I kne the ton so I . . . a!ise him here to go." #hen the garage ha repaire our car e . . . continue our

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

27/115

%his section inclues e,amples ofcoulduse for polite re6uests an as a conitional.

"* . . . I speak to Mr Pitt/ please2$I'm afrai he's out at the moment. . . . you ring back later2

"+ If you stoo on my shoulers . . . you reach the top of the all2 $Ao/ I'm afrai I . . . (negati*e)

" If I sang . . . you accompany me on the piano2$Ao/ 1.../ 1... play the piano9 (negati*e, negati*e)

"0 If a letter comes for me . . . you please forar it to this aress2"3 8he mae the all !ery high so that boys . . . climb o!er it. (negati*e)& %hey took his passport so that he . . . lea!e the country/ (negati*e)&1 . . . you tell me the time/ please2 $

I'm afrai 1. . . . I ha!en't got a atch. (negati*e)&" If you ha to/ . . . you go ithout foo for a eek2$

I suppose I . . . if I ha plenty of ater.&& . . . you len me :*2 $

Ao/ I . . . (negati*e)

&4 %hey use to chain !aluable books to library esks so that people . . . take them aay.(negati*e)

&* (e says that he sa Flementine roning but . . . help her as he . . . sim.(negati*e, negati*e)

&+ If you ha ha the right tools . . . you ha!e repaire the engine2

may

PEG 1"-&&/ "0*/ "00/ &4

Insert the correct form of may/mihte,cept in 1 an &+/ here a be allo%edform isnecessary.

1 It - . . rain/ you' better take a coat." (e sai that it . . . rain.& #e . . . as ell stay here till the eather impro!es.4 . . . I borro your umbrella2'5ou . . . tell me9 (I think I ha*e a right to know.)+ Faniates . . . not bring te,tbooks into the e,amination room. People con!icte of an offence . . . (ha*e a right to)appeal.0 If he kne our aress he . . . come an see us.3 . . . I come in2 $

Please o.1 #hen he as a chil he . . . (they let him)o e,actly as he like.11 I think I left my glasses in your office. 5ou . . . ask your secretary to look for them for

me. (re+uest)1" (e . . . be my brother (I admit that he is)but I on't trust him.1& I . . . ne!er see you again.14 (e... be on the ne,t train. #e . . . as ell ait.1* If e got there early e . . . get a goo seat.1+ %he police . . . (ha*e a right to)ask a ri!er to take a breath test.

"

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

28/115

1 5ou ought to buy no; prices . . . go up.10 I'll ait a eek so that he . . . ha!e time to think it o!er.13 (e isn't going to eat it; 1... as ell gi!e it to the og." 5ou . . . at least rea the letter. C think you should.)"1 5ou . . . ha!e ritten/ (I am annoyeddisappointed that you didn "t.)"" #e' better be early; there . . . be a cro."& Aoboy knos ho people first came to these islans. %hey . . . ha!e saile from

8outh >merica on rafts."4 5ou . . . (ha*e permission to)use my office."* (e sai that e . . . use his office hene!er e like."+ I on't think I'll succee but I . . . as ell try." 5ou ought to go to his lectures/ you . . . learn something."0 If e can gi!e him a bloo transfusion e . . . be able to sa!e his life."3 %o parallel hite lines in the mile of the roa mean that you . . . not o!ertake.& If I bought a lottery ticket I . . . in :1/.&1 If you sai that/ he . . . be !ery offene.&" I oner hy they in't go. $

%he eather . . . ha!e been too ba.&& #arning Ao part of this book . . . be reprouce ithout the publisher's permission.&4 (e has refuse/ but he . . . change his min if you aske him again.&* . . . I see your passport/ please2&+ (e . . . (negati*e)ri!e since his accient. (hey ha*en"t let him dri*e.)

mustandhave to

PEG 144-*=ill the spaces in the folloing sentences by insertingmustor the present/ future/ or pastform ofhave to.

1 8he . . . lea!e home at eight e!ery morning at present." Aotice in a picture gallery Fameras/ sticks an umbrellas . . . be left at the esk.& (e sees !ery baly; he . . . ear glasses all the time.4 1... o all the typing at my office.* 5ou . . . rea this book. It's really e,cellent.+ %he chilren . . . play in the streets till their mothers get home from ork. 8he felt ill an . . . lea!e early.0 Mr Pitt . . . cook his on meals. (is ife is aay.3 I han't enough money an I . . . pay by che6ue.1 I ne!er remember his aress; I alays . . . look it up.11 Employer 5ou . . . come to ork in time.1" If you go to a entist ith a pri!ate practice you . . . pay him 6uite a lot of money.

1& =ather to small son 5ou . . . o hat Mummy says.14 My neighbour's chil . . . practise the piano for three hours a ay.1* octor I can't come no.

Faller 5ou . . . come; he's terribly ill.1+ English chilren . . . stay at school till the age of 1+.1 In my istrict there is no gas lai on. People . . . use electricity for e!erything.10 Aotice abo!e petrol pump >ll engines . . . be sitche off.13 Mother to aughter 5ou . . . come in earlier at night.

"0

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

29/115

" %he shops here on't eli!er. #e . . . carry e!erything home oursel!es."1 %he buses ere all full; I . . . get a ta,i."" Aotice besie escalators ogs an push chairs . . . be carrie."& '>u pair' girls usually . . . o 6uite a lot of houseork."4 %ell her that she . . . be here by si,. I insist on it."* #hen a tyre is puncture the ri!er . . . change the heel."+ Park notice >ll ogs . . . be kept on leas." 8he . . . learn ho to ri!e hen her local railay station is close."0 ailay notice Passengers . . . cross the line by the footbrige."3 I got lost an . . . ask a policeman the ay.& =armers . . . get up early.&1 If you buy that tele!ision set you . . . buy a licence for it.&" #hen I change my

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

30/115

"4 5ou . . . smoke in a non-smoking compartment."* Police notice Fars . . . be parke here."+ #e . . . open the lion's cage. It is contrary to oo regulations." 5ou . . . make your be. %he mai ill o it."0 I ant this letter type but you . . . o it toay. %omorro ill o."3 I'll len you the money an you . . . pay me back till ne,t month.& #e . . . climb any higher; e can see !ery ell from here.&1 5ou . . . look uner the be. %here isn't anyboy there.&" 5ou . . . ask a oman her age. It's not polite.&& 5ou'!e gi!en me too much. $

5ou . . . eat it all.&4 #e . . . forget to shut the lift gates.&* Mother to chil 5ou . . . interrupt hen I am speaking.&+ If you ant the time/ pick up the recei!er an ial 001; you . . . say anything.

need notanddon't have toetc(

PEG 140-*

eplace the ors in bol type by neednot/need I2 etc./ or a negati!e or interrogati!ehave toform. I'!e been in!ite to a eing; but I can't go. &ill it benecessary for me to sen a

present2 5hall I ha*e to send a present'

1It isn't necessary $or himto go on orking. (e has alreay reache retiring age.0-e . . .)

" &as it necessary $or you toait a long time for your bus2

&It isn't necessary $or me toater my tomato plants e!ery ay. It %ill be necessary $or them toget up early hen they go out to ork e!ery ay.* #e ha to stop at the frontier but e%ere not reuired toopen our cases.+ It asn't necessary to alk. (e took us in his car. (6e . . .)My employer sai/ shan't reuireyou tomorro.' (You . . . #ome.)0It is never necessary $or me toork on 8aturays.3 #hen I am eighteen I'll be of age. %henit %on't be necessary toli!e at home if I on't

ant to.1 Ae teacher to his classIt isn't necessary $or youto call me '8ir'; call me '7ill'.11 &ill it be necessary $or us toreport this accient to the police21" #hen you buy something on the installment system youare not reuired topay the

hole price at once.1& i you kno enough English to ask for your ticket2

It %asn't necessary to say anything. I bought my ticket at a machine.14It isn't necessary tobuy a licence for a bicycle in Englan. (6e . . .)* Is it essential $or you tofinish tonight21+Is it necessary $or people togo e!eryhere by boat in Kenice21&ill it be necessary $or me tosleep uner a mos6uito net210 Most people think that ci!il ser!antsare not reuired toork !ery har.13 It %asn't necessary to s%im. #e ere able to ae across.

&

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

31/115

"It isn't necessary $or you to ri!e me to the station. I can get a ta,i."1 @ur plane as elaye so e ha lunch at the airport. 7ut it %asn't necessary topay

for the lunch. %he airline ga!e it to us.""Is it obliatory $or us to!ote2"& #hen you ere a chil%ere you reuired topractise the piano2"4 I sa the accient but fortunatelyit %asn't necessary $or me togi!e e!ience as there

ere plenty of other itnesses."* 8mall boy to frien It %on't be necessary $or youto ork har hen you come to

my school. %he teachers aren't !ery strict."+ %hey ha plenty of time.It %asn't necessary $or them tohurry."Is it necessary $or you totake your og ith you e!eryhere2"0 #hat time%as it necessary $or you tolea!e home2"3 I brought my passport but I%asn't reuired tosho it to anyone.& I misse one ay of the e,am.&ill it be necessary $or me totake the hole e,am

again2&1 Is it really necessary for you to practise the !iolin at & a.m.2&" E!erything as one for me. It asn't necessary for me to o anything.

&& >re =rench chilrenoblied togo to school on 8aturays2&4 I as late for the opera. $ &as it necessary $or you toait till the en of the first act before fining your seat2&* (e repaire my ol atch so it asn't necessary for me to buy a ne one after all.&+&ere you reuired tomake a speech2

must, can'tandneedn'twith the perfect infinitive

PEG 1*"/ 1*+/ 1*3

mustH perfect infiniti!e is use for affirmati!e euctions.can't/couldn't H infiniti!e is use for negati!e euctions.

needn'tH perfect infiniti!e is use for a past action hich as unnecessary but asperforme.

=ill the spaces in the folloing sentences by using one of these forms H the perfectinfiniti!e of the !erbs in brackets.

1 i you hear me come in last night2 $Ao/ I . . . CbeD asleep.

" I oner ho broke the ineglass; it . . . CbeD the cat for she as out all ay.& 5ou . . . ChelpD him. C You helped him $ut he didn "t need help.)4 I ha my umbrella hen I came out but I ha!en't got it no. $

5ou . . . Clea!eD it on the bus.* (e . . . CescapeD by this ino because it is barre.+ I . . . Cgi!eD :1. :* oul ha!e been enough. I sa a rattlesnake near the ri!er yesteray. $

5ou . . . CseeD a rattlesnake. %here aren't any rattlesnakes in this country.0 (e is back alreay. $

(e . . . CstartD !ery early.3 (e returne home ith a tiger cub. $

&1

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

32/115

(is ife CbeD !ery please about that.1 I bought to bottles of milk. $

5ou . . . CbuyD milk; e ha!e heaps in the house.11 I phone you at nine this morning but got no anser. $

I'm sorry. I . . . CbeD in the garen.1" I left my bicycle here an no it's gone. $

8omeone . . . CborroD it.1& #hen she oke up her atch ha !anishe. $

8omeone . . . CstealD it hile she slept.14 I'!e opene another bottle. $

5ou . . . CoD that. #e'!e only nn in the library yesteray. $

5ou . . . CseeD her; she is still abroa.&& (o i he get out of the house2 (e . . . CcomeD on the stairs for

they ere bla?ing.

&"

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

33/115

&4 5ou . . . ClenD him your map. (e has one of his on.&* I spoke in English/ !ery sloly. $

5ou . . . CspeakD sloly. (e speaks English !ery fluently.&+ (e as foun unconscious at the foot of the cliff. (e . . . CfallD " metres.

resent and past tenses %he simple present tense

PEG 1"

ea the folloing in the thir person singular. o not change the ob

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

34/115

&& %hey snatch laies' hanbags.&4 5ou fry e!erything.&* %he ta,es rise e!ery year.&+ %hey o e,ercises e!ery morning.

%he simple present tensePEG 1"

ea the folloing CaD in the negati!e CbD in the interrogati!e.

In Aos. " an 14/haveis use as an orinary !erb an shoul be treate as one.

1 5ou kno the anser." (e has breakfast at 0..& (e lo!es her.4 8ome schoolgirls ear uniforms.* (e trusts you.+ (e tries har.

%he park closes at usk.0 (e misses his mother.3 %he chilren like seets.1 (e finishes ork at +..11 (e li!es besie the sea.1" (e bullies his sisters.1& %his sto!e heats the ater.14 8he has a cooke breakfast.1* 8he carries a sleeping bag.1+ (e usually belie!es you.1 8he ances in competitions.

10 5ou remember the aress.13 8he plays chess !ery ell." (e orries about her."1 %hese thie!es ork at night."" (e lea!es home at 0. e!ery ay."& >nn arranges e!erything."4 8he agrees ith you."* %heir ogs bark all night."+ %heir neighbours often complain." %om en

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

35/115

%he present continuous tensePEG 1+4-

Put the !erbs in brackets into the present continuous tense. In Ao. "*/haveis use asan orinary !erb an can therefore be use in the continuous tense.

1 8he Cnot orkD/ she CsimD in the ri!er." (e CteachD his boy to rie.& #hy >nn Cnot earD her ne ress24 %he airplane CflyD at "/ metres.* #hat %om CoD no2 (e CcleanD his shoes.+ %his fire CgoD out. 8omeboy CbringD more coal2 It CrainD2$ 5es/ it CrainD !ery har. 5ou can't go out yet.0 #hy you CmenD that ol shirt23 5ou Cnot tellD the truth. $

(o o you kno that I Cnot tellD the truth2

1 #ho Cmo!eD the furniture about upstairs2 $It's %om. (e CpaintD the front beroom.

11 Mrs ones CseepD the steps outsie her house.1" #hat you CreaD no2 I CreaD 7rime and unishment.1& It is a lo!ely ay. %he sun CshineD an the birs CsingD.14 8omeone CknockD at the oor. 8hall I anser it2 $

I CcomeD in a minute. I

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

36/115

&1 Fhil 5es. %he house opposite is on fire9 Fome an look.Mother I can't. I CbathD the babies. Is the =ire 7rigae here2

&" Fhil 5es. =ire engines CrushD up an the firemen C policeman CtryD to mo!e them on.&4 >n ol man CclimbD out of a first floor ino9

> fireman ChelpD him9 %o boys CslieD on a rope9&* > oman Ca!eD from the attic an a fireman CgoD up a laer to help her9&+ Ao he CcomeD on again9 (e CcarryD a baby9 %he cro Ccheer9

%he simple present and the present continuous PEG 1+4-4

Put the !erbs in brackets into the simple present or the present continuous tense.

1 Fuckoos Cnot builD nests. %hey CuseD the nests of other birs." 5ou can't see %om no he Cha!eD a bath.& (e usually CrinkD coffee but toay he CrinkD tea.4 #hat she CoD in the e!enings2 $8he usually CplayD cars or CatchD %K.* I on't go out no as it CrainD an I -Cnot ha!eD an umbrella.+ %he last train Clea!eD the station at 11.&. (e usually CspeakD so 6uickly that I Cnot unerstanD him.0 >nn CmakeD a ress for herself at the moment. 8he CmakeD all heron clothes.

3 (arly anyone CearD a hat noaays.1 I'm afrai I'!e broken one of your coffee cups.

on't orry. I Cnot likeD that set anyay.11 I CearD my sunglasses toay because the sun is !ery strong.1" %om can't ha!e the nespaper no because his aunt CreaD it.1& I'm busy at the moment. I CreecorateD the sitting room.14 %he kettle CboilD no. 8hall I make the tea21* 5ou Cen

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

37/115

5ou CreaD a lot2-5es/ 6uite a lot. -

(o often you CchangeD your books2 I CchangeD one e!ery ay." Mary usually ClearnD languages !ery 6uickly but she Cnot seemD able

to learn moern Greek."1 I alays CbuyD lottery tickets but I ne!er CinD anything."" 5ou ClikeD this necklace2 I Cgi!eD it to my aughter for her birthay

tomorro."& I on't tell you my secret unless you CpromiseD not to tell anyone. -

I CpromiseD."4 5ou alays CriteD ith your left han2"* 5ou Clo!eD him2-

Ao/ I ClikeD him !ery much but I Cnot lo!eD him."+ 5ou CreamD at night2-5es/ I alays CreamD an if I CeatD too much supper I Cha!eDnightmares.

" %he milk CsmellD sour. 5ou CkeepD milk a long time2"0 %hese orkmen are ne!er satisfie; they alays CcomplainD."3 #e CuseD this room toay because the ino in the other room is

broken.& (e alays CsayD that he ill men the ino but he ne!er CoD it.&1 5ou CknoD hy an apple CfallD on an not up2&" 5ou CriteD to him tonight2 -5es/ I alays CriteD to him on his birthay. 5ou CantD to sen anymessage2&& %om an Mr Pitt Cha!eD a long con!ersation. I ConerD hat they

CtalkD about.

&4 5ou Cbelie!eD all that the nespapers say2-Ao/ I Cnot belie!eD any of it. $%hen hy you CreaD nespapers2

&* %his car CmakeD a !ery strange noise. 5ou CthinkD it is all right2-@h/ that noise Cnot matterD. It alays CmakeD a noise like that.

&+ %he fire CsmokeD horribly. I can't see across the room. -I Ce,pectD that birs CbuilD a nest in the chimney. -#hy you Cnot putD ire across the tops of your chimneys2 -%om CoD that sometimes but it Cnot seemD to make any ifference.

%he simple present and the present continuous

PEG 1+4-4Put the !erbs in brackets into the simple present or present continuous tense.

1 #hat %om CthinkD of the 7uget2 -(e CthinkD it most unfair. $I CagreeD ith him.

" #hat this one CcostD2-

&

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

38/115

It CcostD forty pence.& 5ou ChearD the in2 It CbloD !ery strongly tonight.4 5ou CseeD my car keys anyhere2 -

Ao/ I ClookD for them but I Cnot seeD them.* (e ne!er ClistenD to hat you say. (e alays CthinkD about something else.+ %his book is about a man ho CesertD his family an CgoD to li!e on a Pacific islan. 5ou CunerstanD hat the lecturer is saying2 $

Ao/ I Cnot unerstanD him at all.0 #hat you Cha!eD for breakfast usually2 $

I usually CeatD a carrot an CrinkD a glass of col ater.3 #hen the curtain CriseD e CseeD a group of orkers. %hey CpicketD factory gate.1 #hy you CalkD so fast toay2 5ou usually CalkD 6uite sloly. $

I ChurryD because I CmeetD my mother at 4 o'clock an she Cnot likeD to be kept aiting.11 I CishD that og oul lie on. (e CkeepD

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

39/115

&1 (o you CenD a letter that CbeginD/ 'ear 8ir'2 $I alays CputD/ '5ours truly'/ but %om CpreferD '5ours faithfully'.

&" #hat the or 'catastrophe' CmeanD2 $It CmeanD 'isaster'.

&& #hat you CaitD for2-I CaitD for the shop to open. -7ut it Cnot openD till 3.. -I CknoD but I CantD to be early/ as their sale CstartD toay.

&4 #hy you CsmokeD a cigar/ Mrs Pitt2 5ou Cnot smokeD cigars as a rule. $ I CsmokeD it because I CantD the ash. %his book CsayD that cigar ash mi,e ith oil

Cremo!eD heat stains from oo.&* #ho ConD this umbrella2 $

I Cnot knoD. E!eryboy CuseD it but noboy CknoD ho ConD it.&+ 5ou CminD if I CaskD you a 6uestion2 $

%hat CepenD on the 6uestion. $It CconcernD your brother. $I CrefuseD to anser any 6uestion about my brother.

%he simple past tensePEG 1*-+

Put the !erbs in the folloing sentences into the simple past tense.

1 I go to ork by bus." I meet her on %uesays.& (e alays ears black.4 I make cakes e!ery eek.* 8he gets up at +.&.

+ (e unerstans me. (e shuts the shop at +..0 8he speaks sloly.3 (e lea!es the house at 3..1 I rea a chapter e!ery night.11 5ou eat too much.1" I see him e!ery ay.1& %om sings in the choir.14 (e cries hen he is hurt.1* #ho knos the anser21+ I think I kno it.

1 %he curtain rises at 0..10 (e takes the og out tice a ay.13 #e buy them here." I ream e!ery night."1 7luetits often lay eggs in that nesting bo,."" (e often feels ill."& I kno hat he ants."4 I usually pay him :*.

&3

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

40/115

"* (is og alays bites me."+ It smells o." It costs &p."0 My back hurts."3 I lie on after lunch.& #e rink ater.&1 (is roses gro ell.&" (e ries e!ery ay.&& (e often falls off.&4 %hese ogs fight hene!er they meet.&* (e puts up his prices e!ery year.&+ (e sleeps baly.

%he simple past tense PEG 1*-+

Put the !erbs in the folloing sentences into CaD the negati!e CbD the interrogati!e.

1 8he sa your brother." #e hear a terrible noise.& (e slept till 1..4 (e looke at the picture.* %hey rank all the ine.+ %hey set out early enough. 8he thought about it.0 %he police caught the thief.3 (e hi the letter.1 8he foun her atch.11 (is nose ble.

1" My mother chose this hotel.1& 8he lent you enough money.14 Neiko taught apanese.1* %om hurt his foot.1+ (e broke his arm.1 (is ife came at 0..10 (e lost his allet.13 (is son rote a no!el." %hey fle to Ae 5ork."1 >nn re you a map."" %om lai the table."& Mr Pitt fell onstairs.

"4 8he lost her ay."* (e forbae her to lea!e."+ I sent it to the launry." ack kept the money."0 (e roe sloly."3 %hey spent it all.& 8he sol the car.&1 ean rang the bell.

4

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

41/115

&" %he sun rose at +..&& %he boys ran home.&4 (e shook the bottle.&* (e forga!e her.&+ %hey broacast an appeal for money.

%he past continuous tensePEG 10

Put the !erbs in brackets into the past continuous tense.

1 etecti!e I'm afrai I must ask you both hat you CoD yesteray at 1." p.m. Mr O I CplayD chess ith my ife. Mr 5 I ClistenD to a play on the raio." %he chilren ere frightene because it CgetD ark.& It as a fine ay an the roas ere croe because a lot of people CrushD to the

seasie.4 %he airplane in hich the football team Ctra!elD crashe soon after taking off.* (e usually ears sanals but hen I last sa him he CearD boots.+ %he house as in great isorer because he CreecorateD it. %he irector in't allo the actors to tra!el by air hile they CorkD on the film.0 %he car ha noboy in it but the engine CrunD.3 %o chilren CplayD on the san an to fishermen CleanD against an upturne boat.1 I as alone in the house at that time because Mr ones CorkD in the garage an Mrs

ones CshopD.11 (e sai that he as the captain of a ship hich CsailD that night for Marseilles.1" >re you going to ome2 I thought that you CgoD to Milan.1& My ife an I CtalkD about you the other ay.

14 #hen I first met him he CstuyD painting.1* %here as a strong smell an the soun of frying. @b!iously Mrs ones CcookD fish.1+ %om ate nothing for lunch because he CietD. (e sai that he CtryD to lose 1 kilos.1 #ho you CtalkD to on the telephone as I came in2

I CtalkD to Mr Pitt.10 >s she CclimbD the laer it slippe sieays an she fell off it.13 #hen I first met him he CorkD in a restaurant." (e atche the chilren for a moment. 8ome of them CbatheD in the sea/ others ClookD

for shells/ others CplayD in the san."1 #here he Cli!eD hen you sa him last2"" 8he CstanD at the bus stop. I aske her hat bus she CaitD for.

"& =rom the souns it as clear that Mary CpractiseD the piano."4 %here ha been an accient an men CcarryD the in

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

42/115

"0 %hey ha taken off the heel of the car an CmenD the puncture. I aske hen itoul be reay.

"3 #hen I arri!e at the meeting the first speaker ha nn

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

43/115

"1 (e CcleanD his gun hen it accientally CgoD off an CkillD him."" (e Cnot alloD us to go out in the boat yesteray as a strong in CbloD."& >s I CcrossD the roa I CstepD on a banana skin an CfallD hea!ily."4 I still ClieD on the roa hen I CseeD a lorry approaching."* )uckily the ri!er CseeD me an CstopD the lorry in time."+ (o you CamageD your car so baly2 $

I CrunD into a lamp-post yesteray. $I suppose you Cri!eD too 6uickly or ere not looking here you CgoD.

" >s he CgetD into the bus it CstartD suenly an he CfallD backars on to the roa."0 I CcallD Paul at . but it asn't necessary because he alreay CgetD up."3 #hen he CmenD the fuse he CgetD a !ery ba shock.& #hen I ChearD his knock I CgoD to the oor an CopenD it/ but I Cnot recogni?eD him at

first because I Cnot earD my glasses.&1 #hen I came in they CsitD roun the fire. Mr Pitt CoD a crossor pu??le/ Mrs Pitt

CknitD/ the others CreaD. Mrs Pitt CsmileD at me an CsayD/ 'Fome an sit on.'&" #hile the guests CanceD thie!es CbreakD into the house an CstealD a lot of fur coats.&& %he ne,t ay/ as they CknoD that the police ClookD for them/ they ChieD the coats in

a oo an CgoD off in ifferent irections.&4 8he as !ery e,tra!agant. 8he alays CbuyD herself ne clothes.&* (er mother often CtellD her that she CspenD too much money but she ne!er ClistenD.&+ #hene!er the rummer CbeginD practising/ the people in the ne,t flat CbangD on

the all.

%he simple past and the past continuousPEG 1*-01

Put the !erbs in brackets into the simple past or past continuous tense.1 Mr 8mith ne!er CakeD up in time in the mornings an alays CgetD into trouble for

being late; so one ay he CgoD to ton an CbuyD an alarm clock." %o get home he Cha!e toD go through a fiel here a ba-tempere bull usually Cgra?eD.& %his bull normally Cnot chaseD people unless something CmakeD him angry.

Jnfortunately/ as Mr 8mith CcrossD the fiel/ his alarm clock CgoD off.4 %his CannoyD the bull/ ho immeiately CbeginD to chase Mr 8mith.* Mr 8mith CcarryD an open umbrella as it CrainD slightly. (e CthroD the umbrella to the

groun an CrunD aay as fast as he coul.+ %he bull CstopD an CbeginD to attack the umbrella. #hile he CoD this Mr 8mith escape. #hen he CaakeD she CsitD by the ino. 8he ClookD at something in the street/ but

hen he CcallD her she CturnD an CsmileD at him.0 #hy you CinterruptD me s they CalkD along the roa they ChearD a car coming from behin them. %om CturnDroun an CholD up his han. %he car CstopD.

1" #hen I Carri!eD at the station Mary CaitD for me. 8he CearD a blue ress an ClookD!ery pretty. >s soon as she CseeD me she Ca!eD an CshoutD something/ but I couln'thear hat she CsayD because e!eryboy CmakeD such a noise.

1& %he prisoner CescapeD by climbing the all of the garen here he CorkD. (e CearD

4&

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

44/115

blue o!eralls an black shoes.14 8he sai that the car Ctra!elD at 4 k.p.h. hen it CbeginD to ski.1* 8he sai that she Cnot likeD her present flat an CtryD to fin another.1+ #hile he CmakeD his speech the minister suenly CfeelD faint. 7ut someone CbringD him

a glass of ater an after a fe minutes he Cbe ableD to continue.1 #hen I CseeD him he CpaintD a portrait of his ife. $

5ou ClikeD it2 $(e only t & a.m. Mrs Pitt CakeD her husban an CsayD that she CthinkD that someone CtryD to

get into the house.&* #hy you ClenD him that book2 I still CreaD it. $

I'm sorry. I Cnot knoD that you still CreaD it.&+ I CcomeD in !ery late last night an unfortunately the og CakeD up an CstartD to bark.

%his CakeD my mother ho CcomeD to the top of the stairs an CsayD/ '#ho is there2' I CsayD. It is me/' but she Cnot hearD me because the og CbarkD so louly/ so she CgoD

back to her room an CtelephoneD the police.

44

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

45/115

%he present perfect tensePEG 10"-3

Put the !erbs in brackets into the present perfect tense/ an fill the spaces by repeating theau,iliary.

5ou CashD the plates2 $ 5es/ I... Have you washed the plates? ~ Yes, I have.

5ou CseeD him lately2 $ Ao/ I... Have you seen him lately?~ No, I haven't.

1 #here you CbeD2 $

I CbeD to the entist." 5ou Cha!eD breakfast2 $

5es/ 1...& %he post CcomeD2 $ 5es/ it . . .4 5ou CseeD my atch anyhere2 $

Ao/ I'm afrai I . . .* 8omeone CinD the clock2 $

5es/ %om . . .+ I Cnot finishD my letter yet. (e

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

46/115

5es/ I think she . . ."" 5ou Cnot makeD a mistake2 $

Ao/ I'm sure I . . ."& #hy you Cnot menD the fuse2 $

I Cnot ha!eD time."4 5ou Ci!eD from the ten-metre boar yet2 $

Ao/ I..."* 5ou e!er Clea!eD a restaurant ithout paying the bill2 $

Ao/ I..."+ I CaskD him to inner se!eral times." (e alays CrefuseD."0 5ou e!er CrieD a camel2"3 I CbuyD a ne carpet. Fome an look at it.& (e CpostD the letter2&1 #hy he Cnot finishD2 (e Cha!eD plenty of time.&" I often CseeD him but I ne!er CspeakD to him.&& 5ou e!er CeatD ca!iar2 $

Ao/ 1...&4 #e

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

47/115

CbD I CmakeD some yesteray e can use that.0 (a!e you been here before2 CaD Ao/ I ...

CbD 5es/ I CbeD here se!eral times.3 (a!e you seen him lately2 CaD Ao/ I . . .

CbD Ao/ I Cnot seeD him since Fhristmas.1 (a!e you been to the opera this CaD 5es/ I . . .

eek2CbD 5es/ I CgoD to ;auston =riay.

11 (a!e you e!er ri!en this car2 CaD 5es/ I Cri!eD it once or tice. CbD 5es/ I Cri!eD it hen you ere aay.1" (as he misse his train2 CaD Ao/ he ....

CbD 5es/ he . . . It CgoD fi!e minutes ago.1& (a!e they been through Fustoms2 CaD 5es/ they . . . CbD 5es/ their luggage CbeD e,amine at o!er.14 (ashe spoken to her2 CaD 5es/ he . . .

CbD 5es/ he CspeakD to her on =riay.

1* (a!e you spent all your money2 CaD Ao/ I only CspenD half of it. CbD 5es/ 1...1+ (o much ha!e you sa!e CaD I Cnot sa!eD anything.

since Fhristmas2 CbD I Csa!eD :&.1 (as his temperature gone on2 CaD Ao/ it . . .

CbD 5es/ it CgoD on last night.10 (a!e you seen his garen2 CaD Ao/ I Cnot seeD it yet.

CbD I CseeD the house on Monay but I Cnot seeDthe garen.

13 (a!e you pai the bill2 CaD 5es/ I... CbD 5es/ I CpayD it hile you ere aay.

" (a!e you e!er flon a plane2 CaD Ao/ I . . . CbD 5es/ I CflyD hen I as at uni!ersity.

"1 (as your og e!er bitten anyone2 CaD 5es/ he CbiteD a policeman last eek. CbD 5es/ he CbiteD me tice."" (a!e you plante your peas2 CaD 5es/ I CplantD them on %uesay. CbD Ao/ 1... yet."& (as he ritten to the paper2 CaD 5es/ he . . .

CbD 5es/ he CriteD at once.

"4 (a!e you e!er runk !oka2 CaD Ao/ 1... CbD I CrinkD it once in ussia but I Cnot rinkD it

since.

%he present perfect and the simple pastPEG 1*-/10"-3

Put the !erbs in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past tense. In somesentences the present perfect continuous CPEG 13D is also possible.

4

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

48/115

1 %his is my house. $(o long you Cli!eD here2 $I Cli!eD here since 13.

" (e Cli!eD in )onon for to years an then CgoD to Einburgh.& 5ou CearD your hair long hen you ere at school2 $ 5es/ my mother CinsistD on it.4 7ut hen I Clea!eD school I CcutD my hair an CearD it short e!er since.* 8hakespeare CriteD a lot of plays.+ My brother CriteD se!eral plays. (e

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

49/115

5ou Cha!eD a goo time2 $ Ao/ it ne!er CstopD raining.

%he present perfect and the simple past PEG 1*-/10"-3

Put the !erbs in brackets into the present perfect or simple past tense. =ill the spaces byrepeating the au,iliary use in the preceing !erb. 5ou CseeD Mary on Monay2 $ 5es/ I... id you see :ary on :onday'" Yes, I did.

1 #here is %om2-I Cnot seeD him toay/ but he CtellD Mary that he' be in for inner.

" I CbuyD this in 7on 8treet. $(o much you CpayD for it2 $

I CpayD :1.& #here you CfinD this knife2 $

I CfinD it in the garen. $#hy you Cnot lea!eD it there2

4 I CloseD my black glo!es. 5ou CseeD them anyhere2 $Ao/ I'm afrai 1.... #hen you last CearD them2 $I CearD them at the theatre last night. $Perhaps you Clea!eD them at the theatre.

* o you kno that lay ho

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

50/115

#hat you CthinkD of it21& I Cnot knoD that you CbeD here. 5ou CbeD here long2 $

5es/ I CbeD here to months. $5ou CbeD to the Fatheral2 $5es/ I CgoD there last 8unay.

14 5ou e!er CtryD to gi!e up smoking2 $5es/ I CtryD last year/ but then I CfinD that I as getting fat so I CstartD again.

1* 5ou CseeD toay's paper2 $ Ao/ anything interesting ChappenD2

5es/ to con!icte murerers CescapeD from the prison on the roa.1+ Mary CfeeD the cat2 $ 5es/ she CfeeD him before lunch. $

#hat she Cgi!eD him2 $8he Cgi!eD him some fish.

1 (o long you CknoD your ne assistant2 $I CknoD him for to years. $

#hat he CoD before he CcomeD here2 $

I think he CbeD in prison.10 I Cnot seeD your aunt recently. $

Ao. 8he Cnot beD out of her house since she CbuyD her colour %K.13 %he plumberCbeDhere yet2 $

5es/ but he only CstayD for an hour. $#hat he CoD in that time2 $(e CturnD off the ater an CemptyD the tank.

" #here you CbeD2I CbeD out in a yacht. $5ou Cenlps. $#hy he CoD that2 $(e CantD to use them in battle.

"4 #here you CbeD2 $I CbeD to the entist. $(e CtakeD out your ba tooth2 $5es/ he . . . $It ChurtD2-

*

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

51/115

5es/ horribly."* 8he CsayD that she' phone me this morning/ but it is no 1".& an she Cnot phoneD

yet."+ I

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

52/115

1 #e CargueD about this for to hours no. Perhaps e shoul stop11 I CbatheD. %hat's hy my hair is all et.1" 5ou Cri!eD all ay. )et me ri!e no.1& (o long you CearD glasses214 %he petrol gauge CsayD 'Empty' for 6uite a long time no. on't think e shoul get

some petrol21* I'm sorry for keeping you aiting. I CtryD to make a telephone call ome.1+ 5ou Cnot eatD enough lately. %hat's hy you feel irritable/1 (e CspeakD for an hour no. I e,pect he'll soon be finishe.10 %hat helicopter CflyD roun the house for the last hour; o you think it's taking

photographs213 %he raio CplayD since a.m. I ish someone oul turn it off." I CshopD all ay an I ha!en't a penny left."1 #e Cli!eD here since 13."" I'm on a iet. I CeatD nothing but bananas for the last month."& %he chilren ClookD forar to this holiay for months."4 %hat pipe CleakD for ages. #e must get it mene.

"* %om CigD in the garen all afternoon an I ChelpD him."+ I CaskD you to men that ino for si, eeks. #hen are you going to o it2" 8omeone CuseD my bicycle. %he chain's fallen off."0 (o long you Cri!eD2 $

I Cri!eD for ten years."3 %he trial CgoD on for a long time. I oner hat the !erict ill be.& It CsnoD for three ays no. %he roas ill be blocke if it oesn't stop soon.&1 Mary CcryD2 $

Ao/ she Cnot cryD/ she CpeelD onions.&" %he car CmakeD a !ery curious noise e!er since it ran out of oil.&& (e alke !ery unsteaily up the stairs an his ife sai/ '5ou CrinkD9'

&4 5our fingers are !ery bron. 5ou CsmokeD too much.&* 5ou usually kno hen someone CeatD garlic.&+ E!er since he came to us that man CtryD to make trouble.

%he present perfect and the present perfect continuous

PEG 131-"

Put the !erbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense.CIn some cases either coul be use.D

1 #e CalkD ten kilometres." #e CalkD for three hours.

& 5ou CalkD too fast. %hat's hy you are tire.4 I CmakeD sausage rolls for the party all the morning.* (o many you CmakeD2 $

I CmakeD ".+ %hat boy CeatD se!en ice-creams. (e Cnot stopD eating since he arri!e.0 %he ri!er CrinkD. I think someone else ought to ri!e.3 I CpullD up 1 anelions.

*"

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

53/115

1 I CpullD up anelions all ay.11 #hat you CoD2 $

#e CpickD apples.1" (o many you CpickD2 $

#e CpickD ten basketfuls.1& I CsleepD on e!ery be in this house an I on't like any of them.14 (e CsleepD since ten o'clock. It's time he oke up.1* (e CrieD; that's hy he is earing breeches.1+ I CrieD all the horses in this stable.1 #hat a lo!ely smell9 $

Mary CmakeD

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

54/115

8he has ri!en the same car . . . 13*.0 %hings ha!e change . . . I as a girl.3 %he kettle has been boiling . . . a 6uarter of an hour.1 %he central heating has been on . . . @ctober.11 %hat trunk has been in the hall . . . a year.1" (e has been !ery ill . . . the last month.1& I'!e been using this machine . . . tel!e years.14 #e'!e been aiting . . . half an hour.1* Mr Pitt has been in hospital . . . his accient.1+ (e hasn't spoken to me . . . the last committee meeting.1 I ha!e been !ery patient ith you . . . se!eral years.10 %hey ha!e been on strike . . . Ao!ember.13 %he strike has laste . . . si, months." It has been !ery foggy . . . early morning."1 %hey ha!e been 6uarrelling e!er . . . they got marrie."" I'!e been aake . . . four o'clock."& I'!e been aake . . . a long time.

"4 #e'!e ha no gas . . . the strike began."* I'!e earne my on li!ing . . . I left school."+ Aoboy has seen him . . . last eek." %he police ha!e been looking for me . . . four ays."0 I ha!en't orn lo-heele shoes . . . I as at school."3 (e ha a ba fall last eek an . . . then he hasn't left the house.& (e has been uner ater . . . half an hour.&1 %hat tree has been there . . . "/ years.&" (e has been Minister of Eucation . . . 130&.&& I'!e been trying to open this oor . . . forty-fi!e minutes.&4 (e hasn't eaten anything . . . tenty-four hours.

&* #e'!e ha terrible eather . . . the last month.&+ Aoboy has come to see us . . . e bought these bloohouns.

)uture forms

%he present continuous tense as a future formPEG ""

Put the !erbs in brackets into the present continuous tense.

1 %hey are going to rill for oil here. %hey CstartD on Monay." My uncle CmakeD a speech on =riay.& I CtakeD my sister to the ballet tomorro.4 8he CcallD for me at si,.* (e CplayD at #imbleon ne,t summer.+ I CmeetD her at the station at ten. %he sales Cnot startD till Monay.0 (o you CgetD to the party tomorro2 $

I CgoD by car. $#ho Cri!eD2

3 %he piano tuner CcomeD this afternoon.

*4

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

55/115

1 5ou Cgi!eD him anything for his birthay2 $5es/ I Cgi!eD him a ictionary.

11 %he inos CbeD cleane toay. %hen e'll be able to see out.1" 8he CcomeD out of hospital ne,t eek.1& #e Cha!eD inner early tonight as e CgoD to the theatre.14 #here you CgoD for your holiays this year2 $

I CgoD to (ollan.1* (e Cnot gi!eD a lecture tonight.1+ I Cha!eD my photograph taken tomorro.1 I CbuyD her a burglar alarm for a eing present.10 %he elections CbeD hel ne,t eek.13 I Cha!eD lunch ith my aunt on %hursay." %he committee CmeetD ne,t #enesay."1 My granparents CcelebrateD their golen eing ne,t eek."" I ClenD him my car for his holiays."& %he strikers CreturnD to ork ne,t eek."4 8mith's CopenD a ne branch in this street in uly.

"* #e'!e bought a ne house an Cmo!eD in !ery soon."+ I Cnot takeD up merican cousins ne,t year.

%hebe going toform PEG "&/"+

Put the !erbs in brackets into thebe oin toform.

1 5ou CmissD your train." %he pressure cooker Ce,ploeD.& #hen you CpayD the bill2

4 8he CyeD the ol curtains blue.* #e CmakeD this hisky bottle into a lamp.+ #hat you CoD ith this room2 $I CpaintD the alls in black an hite stripes. %he umpire CbloD his histle.0 5ou CeatD all that23 %hat man ith the tomato in his han CthroD it at the speaker.1 %hat oor CslamD.

**

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

56/115

11 %he bull CattackDus.1" It CrainD. )ook at those clous.1& %he cat Cha!eD kittens.14 %he men in the helicopter CtryD to rescue the man in the ater.1* %hat rier CfallD off.1+ %hese to men CcycleD across >frica.1 %he )or Mayor is staning up. (e CmakeD a speech.10 (e CgroD a bear hen he lea!es school.13 %his aeroplane CcrashD." I CstopD here for a moment to get some petrol."1 5ou CaskD him to help you2"" I'!e lent you my car once. I Cnot oD it again."& I ha!e seen the play. Ao I CreaD the book."4 8mall boy I CbeD a frogman hen I gro up."* I Cnot sleepD in this room. It is haunte."+ #e CbuyD a metal etector an look for burie treasure." 5ou Creser!eD a seat2

"0 I CplantD an oak tree here."3 %he og CburyD the bone.& I Cha!eD a bath.&1 I CsmuggleD this out of the country/&" %here as !ery little blossom this spring. >pples CbeD scarce.&& I on't like this macaroni. I Cnot finishD it.&4 I Cnot stayD here another minute.&* %hey CtryD him for manslaughter hen he comes out of hospital.&+ #e CmakeD a lot of money out of this.

%he present continuous and thebe going toform

PEG ""-+

Planne future actions can be e,presse by the present continuous tense ith a timee,pression or by thebe oin toform ith or ithout a time e,pression. %he presentcontinuous is mainly use for !ery efinite arrangements in the near future. %he be goingto form can be use more iely.Jse the present continuous here possible in the folloing sentences an put theremaining !erbs into thebe oin toform.

1 I CplayD brige tonight ith %om an >nn." (e Cha!eD an operation ne,t eek.

& It's !ery col. I ClightD a fire.4 #e Cha!eD some friens to lunch tomorro.* I'!e bought a piano; it CbeD eli!ere this afternoon. $

#here you CputD it2 $I CputD it in the ining room.

+ 5ou CgoD to the auction tomorro2 $5es/ I CgoD but I Cnot buyD anything.

I'!e remine you once; I Cnot oD it again.

*+

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

57/115

0 I Cha!eD my hair cut this afternoon.3 My nephe CcomeD to stay ith me ne,t eeken. $

#here you CputD him2 $I CputD him in the room in the toer.

1 @ur class CstartD German ne,t term.11 I CspenD a fe ays in )onon ne,t eek.1" %he %on Founcil CbuilD a ne school here.1& #hat you CtellD the police2 $

I CtellD them the truth.14 (e CstartD tomorro.1* %he Bueen CopenD Parliament ne,t month.1+ %he Prime Minister CspeakD on %K tonight.1 %his shop CcloseD on ne,t eek.10 #hen you Cha!eD your ne,t lesson2 $

I Cha!eD it on Monay.13 I CcollectD my ne ress this afternoon." #e CtakeD the chilren to the seasie this summer.

"1 I Cgi!eD him a football for his ne,t birthay."" 8he CsingD in her first big concert ne,t month. (e CgoD to 8pain for his holiays. $ (e CflyD2 $ Ao/ he CgoD by boat."4 8he CseeD a specialist ne,t eek."* (e CashD the car2"+ (e CringD me up tonight." %he inspector CaskD you a fe 6uestions."0 (er parents Cgi!eD a party for her ne,t month. %hey Cin!iteD si,ty guests."3 (a!e you got a ticket for the big match on 8aturay2 $

Ao/ I on't e!en kno ho CplayD. $=rance CplayD Englan.

& %hey ClaunchD a ship this afternoon. 5ou CcomeD to see it2&1 #hat you CoD ith the money2&" I CpickD you up at +.&; on't forget.&& #here you CgoD tonight2 $

I CgoD out ith Peter. (e CcallD for me at eight.&4 I CcompeteD in the bicycle race tomorro.&* Mr Pitt has

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

58/115

+ o you think that he Crecogni?eD me2 Jnless he runs he Cnot catchD the train.0 (e ClenD it to you if you ask him.3 I hope I CfinD it.1 If petrol pump attenants go on strike e Cnot ha!eD any petrol.11 (e Cbelie!eD hate!er you tell him.1" I CrememberD this ay all my life.1& Perhaps he Carri!eD in time for lunch.14 If he orks ell I CpayD him :1.1* I oner ho many of us still CbeD here ne,t year.1+ If you think it o!er you CseeD that I am right.1 If you learn another language you CgetD a better

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

59/115

5ou pay an I CoeD you the money.0 I Cbelie!eD it hen I see it.3 I Cha!eD my car repainte ne,t eek.1 I hope that you Cha!eD a goo time tomorro.11 (is speech CbeD broacast tonight.1" %he ino-cleaner CcomeD at eight tomorro.1& %om CcatchD the .4train.14 #here you CmeetD them2$

I CmeetD them at minight in the mile of the oo.1* #hat horse you CrieD tomorro21+ )ook9 I'!e broken the teapot. #hat Mrs Pitt CsayD2 $

8he Cnot minD; she ne!er like that one.1 I'!e left the light on. It CmatterD210 (e Cnot forgetD to come.13 (e Clea!eD in a fe ays." I CrememberD it."1 If you rop that bottle it CbreakD.

"" I ne!er Cforgi!eD him."& I'm sure that you ClikeD him."4 %hey ClayD the founations ne,t eek."* 5ou CseeD a signpost at the en of the roa."+ (e has cut my hair too short. $

on't orry; it CgroD again !ery 6uickly." 5ou CunerstanD hen you are oler."0 %he cat CscratchD you if you pull its tail."3 I CbeD back at 0.&.& If he oesn't ork har he Cnot passD his e,am.&1 8he CgoD on a cruise ne,t summer.

&" I Cmo!eD to a ne flat ne,t eek.&& I am sorry that the chil sa the accient. $

I on't think it matters. (e soon CforgetD all about it.&4 I CaitD here till he comes back.&* (e Cnot riteD to you unless you rite to him.&+ %here CbeD a big meeting here tomorro.

will & infinitive and thebe going toformPEG "1/"&-+

=uture ith intention can usually be e,presse by ill H infiniti!e or the be going to form.Kery often either of these can be use/ but hen the intention is clearly premeitate the

be going to form must be use/ an hen the intention is clearly unpremeitate e mustlist' ill H infiniti!e.Put the !erbs in brackets into one of these to forms. CIn some of the e,amples thepresent continuous coul be use instea of the be going to form.D

1 %he fire has gone out9 $8o it has. I CgoD an get some sticks.

" i you remember to book seats2 $

*3

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

60/115

@h no/ I forgot. I CtelephoneD for them no.& (e has

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

61/115

Mother I CmenD it for you.&1 I'm catching the +.& train. $

8o am 1. I Cgi!eD you a lift to the station.&" I'!e bought some blue !el!et an I CmakeD curtains for this room.&& #hy are you carrying that sa2 $ I CshortenD the legs of the ining room table.&4 #hy are you taking that big basket2 $ I CbuyD a lot of !egetables.&* I'!e planne my future for the ne,t ten years. $

%hat is !ery cle!er of you. #hat you CoD hen you lea!e the uni!ersity2&+ #hy are you putting that ol loaf into a paper bag2 $

I Cgi!eD it to Mrs Pitt for her hens.

will*i* infinitive and thebe going toformPEG "*

7oth%ill youanare you oin tocan introuce 6uestions about future intentions. 7ut%ill you!ery often introuces a re6uest or in!itation. =or this reasonare you oin toismore usual than%ill youin 6uestions about intentions/are you oin tomust of coursebe use hen the intention is ob!iously premeitate. C8ee also E,ercise **.D

Put the !erbs in brackets into one of these to forms. #here both are possible it ill benote in the key. CIn some e,amples the present continuous tense coul be use instea ofthebe oin to form.D %he e,ercise contains re6uests/ in!itations/ an 6uestions aboutintentions.

1 5ou CopenD the oor for me/ please2 $5es/ certainly.

" 5ou CoD the ashing-up tonight2 $Ao/ I think it can ait till tomorro.

& I'm looking for my easel. $ 5ou CpaintD someone's portrait24 '5ou CreaD this passage alou/ please/' sai the e,aminer.* 5ou CeatD any more of this/ or shall I tell the aiter to take it aay2+ 5ou aren't earing your climbing boots. 5ou Cnot climbD the mountain ith the others2 '5ou ClistenD to me9' sai his mother angrily.0 5ou CputD my car aay from me/ please2 $

5es/ certainly.3 5ou Cha!eD another cup of coffee2 $

Ao/ thank you.

1 #hy i you buy all these eggs2 5ou CmakeD an enormous omelette211 %here's the phone again. %ake no notice. $

5ou Cnot anserD it21" 5ou CcomeD an see me after the class2 I ant to iscuss your ork ith you.1& I see that you ha!e orere the uardian.5ou really CreaD it214 5ou CbuyD stamps2 $

5es/ I am. $%hen you CbuyD some for me/ please2

+1

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

62/115

1* 5ou ClenD me your fishing ro2 $5es/ of course. #here you CfishD2

1+ 5ou CfinishD this book or shall I take it back to the library21 5ou Cgi!eD me l@p/ please2 $

5es/ here you are. 5ou CmakeD a telephone call210 5ou Clea!eD that coil of barbe ire in the hall2 8omeone ill fall o!er it if you o.13 5ou CbathD your og2 $

5es/ you ChelpD me2" 5ou Cri!eD/ please2 I on't like ri!ing at night."1 5ou CrieD that horse2 (e looks !ery ba-tempere to me."" 5ou CeatD it ra2 5ou ill be ill if you o."& 5ou Cha!eD some of this cake2 I mae it myself."4 5ou really CcallD the fire brigae2 I on't think it is at all necessary."* 5ou CpaintD the hole room by yourself2 It ill take you ages."+ 5ou CbeD reay in fi!e minutes2" (ostess ohn/ you CsitD here at the en of the table2"0 5ou CoD something for me2 $

5es/ of course; hat is it2"3 5ou CbeD angry if he refuses to help you2& #hy ha!e you brought your typeriter2 5ou CorkD this eeken2&1 5ou CcallD me at si,2 I ha!e to catch an early train.&" 5ou CalkD there in this rain2 5ou'll get afully et.&& 5ou CsignD here/ please2&4 #hat are all those notes for2 5ou Cgi!eD a lecture2&* #hy o you ant a canle2 5ou Ce,ploreD the ca!es2&+ If I catch some fish/ you CcookD them for me2

%he future continuous tense

PEG "11-1&%his tense can be use1 ith a point in time to inicate that the action ill begin before this time an continueafter it.

" ith or ithout a time to e,press a future ithout intention. In this ay it is !ery likethe present continuous/ but it is not/ like the present continuous/ restricte in time an is amore etache an casual ay of e,pressing the future. It often implies that the actionill occur in the orinary course of e!ents or as a matter of routine.

CE,cept hen use as in I/ abo!e/ this tense can usually be replace by one of the other

future forms/ though the e,act shae of meaning may then be lost.D

Put the !erbs in brackets into the future continuous tense.

1 %his time ne,t month I CsitD on a beach." #hen you arri!e I probably CpickD fruit.& #hen e reach Englan it !ery likely CrainD.4 In a fe ays time e CflyD o!er the Pyrenees.* I'll call for her at eight. $

+"

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

63/115

Ao/ on't; she still Cha!eD breakfast then.+ I CaitD for you hen you come out. #hen you ne,t see me I CearD my ne ress.0 My son ill be in the si,th form ne,t year. $ %hat means that ol r >er CteachD him mathematics.3 I'll gi!e ack your message. I can o it easily because I CseeD him tomorro. #e go to

ork on the same train.1 5ou CoD geometry ne,t term.11 I'll look out for you at the parae. $ o/ but I CearD uniform so you may fin it har to recogni?e me.1" #e ha!e to o night uty here. I CoD mine ne,t eek.1& In a hunre years' time people CgoD to Mars for their holiays.14 (e CuseD the car this afternoon.1* I CseeD you again.1+ It's a serious in

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

64/115

future continuous. C#here alternati!e forms are possible they ill be gi!en in the key.D

1 %here is going to be a bus strike. E!eryone CalkD to ork ne,t" 5ou'!e ll right/ I CashD it.* #ill you ha!e lunch ith me on the "4th2 $

I' lo!e to/ but I'm afrai I CoD my e,am then.+ I CorkD for Mr Pitt ne,t eek as his on secretary ill be aay. 5ou Cha!eD something to rink/ on't you20 #hy i you take his ra?or2 (e ClookD for it e!eryhere tomorro.3 I hope you'll o ell in the race tomorro. I CthinkD of you.1 Aotice on boar ship In the e!ent of an emergency all passengers CassembleD on the

boat eck.11 I on't feel ell enough to go to the station to meet him. $

I CmeetD him for you. 7ut ho I Crecogni?eD him2 $(e's small an fair/ an he CearD a black an hite school cap.

1" I Clea!eD these floers at the hospital for you. I CgoD there anyay !isit my cousin.1& 5ou ought to try to get a ticket for the 8pectators' Gallery ne,t eek; they CebateD

international fishing rights.14 5ou'!e left the light on. $

@h/ so I ha!e. I CgoD an turn it off.1* I'!e

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

65/115

(ostess @h/ there's no nee for that; my son Cri!eD you home.& Fome on eck; e CenterD harbour in a fe minutes.&1 7efore you lea!e the office you ChanD the keys of the safe to Mr Pitt. o you

unerstan2$5es/ sir.

&" >re you nearly reay2 @ur guests Carri!eD any minute.&& )ouspeaker announcement %he ship Clea!eD in a fe minutes an all persons not

tra!elling are aske to go ashore.&4 Ao that the parking regulations ha!e become stricter/ more people CuseD public

transport an Clea!eD their cars at home.&* I'!e got rats in my basement an I on't kno ho to get ri of them. $

I CbringD my og roun hene!er you like. (e CcatchD them for you.&+ I'm afrai I'!e

8/13/2019 2.1. Exercises 1

66/115

"1 5ou can ha!e the car tomorro if you like. I Cnot useD it as I'll be far too busy to goout.

"" 8he says that she Cnot senD the chil to school/ no matter hat e say. 8he thinks it isfar better to eucate chilren at home.

"& (e says he Cnot playD for them again/ because they aren't gi!ing him enough money."4 8he Cnot singD at the ne,t concert/ because she has ha to go home suenly."* I Cnot playD cars ith you again. 5ou alays cheat."+ 8he Cnot takeD part in the brige tournament/ because she'll be aay then." I Cnot eatD any more of this; I feel 6ueer alreay."0 I Cnot eatD curry again for a long time/ because I am going to stay in a house here no

one knos ho to cook it."3 (e says that he Cnot rieD that mare again/ because she's angerous.& %om Cnot rieD in tomorro's race/ because he is too young. %hey on't allo riers

uner si,teen.&1 #hisky is absolutely necessary to me an I Cnot gi!eD it up.&" ack Cnot rinkD hisky this time ne,t eek/ because he'll be in hospital an they on't

gi!e it to him there.

&& I Cnot openD the ino. I islike fresh air.&4 %here is something on his min/ but he Cnot tellD me hat it is.&* %he cat Cnot eatD fish so I ha!e to buy meat for him.&+ (e Cnot earD uniform hen you see him/ because he'll be on lea!e then/ an they on't

ear uniform hen they are on lea!e.

+econd person interrogative: will you and other forms !" #' -

%ill you+often introuces a re6uest or in!itation/ an sometimes a comman. It is oftenuse also to introuce 6uestions about intentions hen the situation re6uires anunpremeitate ecision. 5ou can ha!e either. #hich ill you ha!e2 5ou'!e misse the last train. #hat ill you o no2

=or other types of intention/ hoe!er/ it is usually safer to use one of the other future