32
Flanders outlook2010
Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering
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−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
PDF 1.3S4
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Work-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn BlackWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn CyanWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn MagentaWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
Fla
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−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
PDF 1.3S4
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3Z
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig001Work-and-turn0001#FB 001-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Work-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn BlackWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn CyanWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn MagentaWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
Flanders outlook 2010A RENEWED BENCHMARKING OF FLANDERS AMONGST THE EUROPEAN REGIONS
February 2010
Research Centre of the Flemish Government
Coordination
ResearchCentreoftheFlemishGovernment
Graphic design
DepartmentoftheServicesfortheGeneralPolicyCommunicationDivision
PatriciaVandichel
Responsible publisher
JoséeLemaîtreStudiedienstvandeVlaamseRegering
Boudewijnlaan30,1000Brussel
PrintingAgencyforFacilityManagement
DigitalPrinting
Filing number
D/2010/3241/026
Edition February2010
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
Flanders_O
utlook_2100328-Recto-2-S
heetwise (front and back)-
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Black Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Cyan Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Magenta Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
29
Annex 2:Topperformersofthewholesetof131regionsincomparisonwiththeEU27andFlanders
Top region Flanders
Name Value Average EU27
Recent value
2000 Trends
LABOURMARKETINDICATORS
Populationdensity(inhabitants/km²)
1-01-07 BrusselsCapitalRegion 6.405 113 452 439 +
Employmentrate(in%) 2008 Oost-Nederland 78,3 65,9 66,5 63,9 +Employmentratepeopleaged55-64(in%)
2008 Sweden 70,1 45,6 34,3 25,6 +
Unemploymentrate(in%) 2008 ProvinciaAutonomaBolzano
2,4 7,0 3,9 4,3 +
Long-termunemploymentrate(in%)
2008 Westösterreich 0,4 2,6 1,4 1,7 +
ECONOMICINDICATORS
GDPperhead(in€PPS) 2006 Luxembourg 63.109 23.624 27.859 23.693 +Labourproductivity(in€PPSperworker)
2006 Luxembourg 93.497 52.884 68.507 59.910 +
Numberofjobs/peopleaged15-64(in%)
2006 Luxembourg 99,9 66,7 61,7 59,8 +
Shareofpeopleaged15-64(in%)
2006 Slovakia 71,8 67,0 65,9 66,2 -
Unitlabourcost 2004 SevernaiiztochnaBulgaria
2.777 29.315 41.488 36.958 -
Disposableincomeperhead(in€PPSbasedonthefinalconsumption)(1)
2006 Hamburg 23.144 n.a. 16.548 14.864 +
INNOVATIVEINDICATORS
Shareofhighlyeducatedworkers(in%)
2008 BrusselsCapitalRegion 49,1 26,8 37,0 32,0 +
Shareofadultpopulationinvolvedinlifelonglearning(in%)
2008 Denmark 30,2 9,3 7,6 6,7 (2) +
TotalR&Dexpenditure/GDP(in%)
2006 Baden-Württemberg 4,28 1,86 2,10 2,22 -
BusinessR&Dexpenditure/GDP(in%)
2006 Baden-Württemberg 3,46 1,16 1,39 1,69 -
GovernmentR&Dexpenditure/GDP(in%)
2006 Berlin 1,11 0,27 0,21 0,16 +
Shareofworkersinknowledge-intensivesectors(in%)
2007 Baden-Württemberg 21,6 10,0 11,4 12,4 -
Shareofworkersin(medium)HTindustry(in%)
2007 Baden-Württemberg 18,1 6,7 7,6 8,6 -
ShareofworkersinHTservices(in%)
2007 CommunidaddeMadrid
6,7 3,3 3,8 3,8 0
Shareofworkersincreativesectors(in%)
2008 Île-de-France 54,9 38,2 42,6 40,9 (3) +
Numberofpatentapplicationspermillioninhabitants
2004 Zuid-Nederland 579 110 157 128 +
(1) data for some regions are lacking (2) 2002 instead of 2000 (3) 2001 instead of 2000
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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$[SR] lpiHeidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress
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543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
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1
Content
1 Introduction 2
2 Economic welfare 5
3 Labour market 13
4 Innovation 16
4.1 Prerequisitestoinnovation 16
4.2 Creationofknowledge 17
4.3 Innovationandentrepreneurship 20
4.4 Applicationofinnovation 20
4.5 Intellectualproperty 22
5 Conclusion 23
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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PDF 1.3S3
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3S2
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3V
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3U
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3Z
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
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PDF 1.3X
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpiHeidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress
$[ScreenSystem]$[DotShape]
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Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Black Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Cyan Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Magenta Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
27
Shar
e of
hig
hly
educ
ated
wor
kers
(in
%)
Shar
e of
ad
ult
pop
ulat
ion
invo
lved
in
life
long
lear
ning
(in
%)
Tota
l R&
D e
xpen
dit
ure
/ G
DP
(in
%)
Bus
ines
s R
&D
exp
end
itur
e /
GD
P (in
%)
Gov
ernm
ent
R&
D e
xpen
dit
ure
/ G
DP
(in %
)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in k
now
led
ge-
inte
nsiv
e se
ctor
s (in
%)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in (m
ediu
m) H
T in
dus
try
(in %
)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in H
T se
rvic
es
(in %
)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in c
reat
ive
sect
ors
(in %
)
Num
ber
of
pat
ent
app
licat
ions
per
m
illio
n in
hab
itan
ts
2008 2008 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2008 2004
Flanders 37.0 7.6 2.1 1.39 0.21 11.4 7.6 3.8 42.6 157
Denmark 32.8 30.2 2.5 1.66 0.16 10.2 6.0 4.2 45.1 185
Baden-Württemberg 27.2 8.8 4.3 3.46 0.41 21.6 18.1 3.6 40.8 548
Bayern 26.4 7.6 3.0 2.36 0.25 16.5 13.0 3.5 42.2 415
BasqueCountry 48.1 13.5 1.6 1.24 0.06 13.7 9.9 3.9 41.2 52
Midi-Pyrénées 33.9 7.7 3.9 2.42 0.92 10.5 7.0 3.5 44.7 120
Oost-Nederland 28.9 16.0 1.7 0.76 0.37 7.3 3.3 3.9 46.5 124
West-Nederland 35.1 18.1 1.4 0.63 0.30 7.3 2.4 4.9 50.3 126
Zuid-Nederland 29.5 15.8 2.7 2.41 0.05 8.3 4.8 3.5 45.3 579
Finland 36.5 23.0 3.5 2.48 0.35 11.6 7.1 4.6 44.6 261
Sweden 31.5 22.1 3.7 2.79 0.17 11.3 6.2 5.1 44.7 242
NorthWestUK 31.3 18.1 2.1 1.56 0.07 9.5 5.9 3.6 38.0 59
EasternUK 29.0 19.8 4.0 3.09 0.33 10.8 6.0 4.8 42.5 150
SouthEastUK 34.4 21.4 2.6 1.78 0.30 12.1 6.0 6.1 46.5 145
SouthWestUK 31.1 21.3 1.9 1.26 0.36 10.0 6.1 3.9 42.2 90
Scotland 38.0 20.7 1.6 0.58 0.29 7.9 4.1 3.8 39.2 64
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government.
2
1 IntroduCtIon
In2006,Flanderslaunchedtheplan‘FlandersinAction’whichaimstostrengthenFlanders’econo-micandinnovativepotentialtoturnitintooneofthetopEuropeanregionsin2020.Today,Flandersisaprosperousregion.However,thisdoesnotguaranteethatthesamedegreeofprosperitycanbeacquiredinthefuture,astheEuropeancountriesandregionsarefacingmanychallenges,suchasglobalisationandtheshiftofindustries,climatechangeandchangingmigrationpatterns.Eachofthesecountriesandregionswillhavetorespondtothesechallengesintheirownway.
Thistextisnotathoroughanalysisofthesocio-economicsituationoftheEuropeanregions.Rather,itaimstodetectthoseregionsthatareyetastepaheadinthedevelopmenttowardstrulyinnovativeregions.ThisdocumentthuswantstodepicthowFlandersispositionedincomparisontothose‘ex-cellent’regions.IntherecentpasttheResearchCentreoftheFlemishGovernmentalreadydidsuchexercises1.Thisanalysisisanupdateofthedeterminationofthebenchmarkregions,basedonthemostrecentdataavailable.Asaresult,thebenchmarklisthaschangedslightlyincomparisonwithpreviousanalyses.Onthebasisofinnovativeindicatorsthebenchmarklistnow2consistsof:
DenmarkBaden-Württemberg
BayernThe Basque Country
Midi-PyrénéesOost-NederlandWest-NederlandZuid-Nederland
FinlandSweden
North West (UK)Eastern (UK)
South East (UK)South West (UK)
Scotland
1 E.g.‘FlandersOutlook-Whatisthesocio-economicpositionofFlandersintheEuropeoftheRegions?’,December2008.
2 Withrespecttopreviousanalyses,Midi-PyrénéesandOost-NederlandhaveenteredtheselectionandHessenandEastMidlands(UK)havedisap-peared.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
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PDF 1.3V
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3Z
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3X
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3CMYB
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71Topsetter© Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004999897969512345
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cal.
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$[SR] lpiHeidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress Heidelberg Prepress
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543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
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26
GD
P p
er h
ead
(in
€ P
PS)
Lab
our
pro
duc
tivi
ty
(in €
PPS
per
wor
ker)
Num
ber
of
job
s /
peo
ple
ag
ed 1
5-64
(in
%)
Shar
e of
peo
ple
ag
ed 1
5-64
(in
%)
Uni
t la
bou
r co
st
Dis
pos
able
inco
me
per
hea
d (i
n €
PPS
bas
ed o
n th
e fin
al c
onsu
mp
tion
)
2006 2006 2006 2006 2004 2006
Flanders 27,859 68,507 61.7 65.9 0.56 16,548
Denmark 29,049 55,970 78.5 66.1 0.64 12,754
Baden-Württemberg 30,507 60,286 76.4 66.3 0.59 19,264
Bayern 32,245 62,672 77.5 66.4 0.53 18,715
BasqueCountry 31,592 62,552 73.2 69.0 0.54 18,724
Midi-Pyrénées 23,650 59,278 62.2 64.1 0.58 15,414
Oost-Nederland 25,897 68,152 56.9 66.8 0.61 13,628
West-Nederland 33,772 79,349 62.7 67.9 0.58 14,967
Zuid-Nederland 30,121 75,004 59.5 67.5 0.57 14,626
Finland 27,104 58,238 69.9 66.6 0.55 12,396
Sweden 28,706 58,942 74.3 65.5 0.62 14,058
NorthWestUK 24,744 50,111 75.7 65.3 0.63 16,019
EasternUK 26,842 54,866 75.5 64.8 0.58 18,702
SouthEastUK 30,233 56,356 82.3 65.2 0.58 20,089
SouthWestUK 26,078 51,213 79.7 63.9 0.60 17,669
Scotland 27,382 53,717 76.7 66.4 0.63 16,822
3
Map 0: Selection of benchmark regions, 2009
ThebroadpictureismoreimportantthanthefocusonFlanders’positionintherankings.Thebench-markregionsusuallyperformbetterthanFlanders.Afewyearsago,however,Flandersscoredrela-tivelyhigheronsomefactors.Thisisduetothefactthatthebenchmarkingexercisewascarriedoutonthebasisofthemostrecentdata.Consequently,thisisnotananalysisofhowthebenchmarkre-gionshaveevolved,butratheroftheFlemishsocio-economicperformanceduringthesepastyears.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Recto0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) BlackRecto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) CyanRecto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) MagentaRecto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
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25
Annex 1:KeyindicatorsforFlandersandthebenchmarkregions
Pop
ulat
ion
Pop
ulat
ion
den
sity
(inh
abit
ants
/
km²)
Em
plo
ymen
t ra
te (i
n %
)
Em
plo
ymen
t ra
te p
eop
le a
ged
55-
64 (i
n %
)
Une
mp
loym
ent
rate
(in
%)
Long
-ter
m u
nem
plo
ymen
t ra
te (i
n %
)
2006 1/01/2007 2008 2008 2008 2008
Flanders 6,098,000 452 66.5 34.3 3.9 1.4
Denmark 5,437,300 126 78.1 57.0 3.3 0.5
Baden-Württemberg 10,737,200 300 75.1 60.5 4.2 1.7
Bayern 12,480,700 177 75.0 56.6 4.2 1.8
BasqueCountry 2,118,600 294 67.9 45.0 6.4 1.5
Midi-Pyrénées 2,791,400 62 67.8 41.7 6.4 2.0
Oost-Nederland 3,464,900 316 78.3 53.9 2.7 0.9
West-Nederland 7,632,500 643 77.4 54.2 2.7 0.9
Zuid-Nederland 3,547,400 486 76.8 50.8 2.7 1.0
Finland 5,239,400 16 71.0 56.4 6.4 1.2
Sweden 9,080,500 21 74.3 70.1 6.2 0.8
NorthWestUK 6,852,600 486 68.7 54.6 6.7 1.9
EasternUK 5,609,300 295 74.4 61.4 4.8 1.0
SouthEastUK 8,242,200 434 76.0 64.1 4.3 0.8
SouthWestUK 5,128,200 216 75.2 62.2 4.1 0.7
Scotland 5,118,200 66 72.7 57.2 4.7 1.0
4
Thefollowingindicatorsaretakenintoconsiderationintheanalysis:
• per capita GDPanditsconstituentparts:labourproductivity(definedasGDPdividedbyto-talemployment),thenumberofjobsinrelationtopeopleaged15-64yandtheshareofthepopulationaged15to64.ThisisawellknowndecompositionofGDPperhead;
• the average wage per worker and the wage cost per unit of production(orwageshareingrossvalueadded).Thesearecompetitivenessindicators;
• the employment rate,ortheratiobetweentheworkingpopulationandthepopulationaged15-64,isanimportantparameterforthelabourmarket.Itisalsousedinternationallyfortrac-kingpolicyobjectives,includingtheLisbonstrategy.Thereisalsoafocusonthe55-64agecategory;
• the unemployment rate (ILOdefinition).InadditiontoGDPpercapita,thisisakeyindicatorthattheEuropeanCommissionusestotrackitsregionalpolicy.Heretoothereisafocusonanumberofsub-groupsincludingmen,womenandthelong-termunemployed;
• employment in the (medium HT and HT industry and in the knowledge intensive HT servi-ces.EconomicbranchesarecategorisedassuchbasedonaEurostatandOECDclassificationaccordingtotheuseofR&Dintheproductionprocess.Thesevariablesareanindicationoftheextenttowhichtheknowledgeeconomyhaspenetratedinthevariousregions;
• the share of workers with a tertiary level of education(highereducation)isanindicationofthetalentpresentinaregion;
• patent applicationsmeasurewhetherresearcheffortsresultinproductsandservices.Howe-ver,thisindicatorhaslimitations:apatentapplicationisnotmadeforallappliedresearchandtheresultingproducts.Furthermore,notallpatentedproductsaresuccessful(i.e.ifthesepro-ductsarenotsold,oraredifficulttosell,theymakenocontributiontoaddedvaluecreation);
• research and development expenses as a % of GDPmeasurehowmucharegionisinvestinginresearchanddevelopment.However,nothingissaidaboutcommercialisationofthisre-searchanddevelopment.Inadditiontothetotalforallactors,thisindicatorisalsocalculatedforbusinessandgovernmentseparately;
• the share of employment in knowledge creative industries isa fairlynew indicatorwhichdenotesthepresenceofhumanpotentialtogeneratecreative,innovativeproductsandser-vices.Theseareessentialforaeconomyinanadvancedstageofdevelopmentwheregrowthcannolongerbeachievedmerelybyinputofcapitalandlabourorthroughefficiency.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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$[SR] lpi Heidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg Prepress
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Verso0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) BlackVerso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) CyanVerso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) MagentaVerso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
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5
2 eConoMIC WelFare
Gross domestic product (GDP) isabroadmeasureofwelfaregeneratedinacountryorregion.GDPdataofregionsorcountrieswithintheEuropeanUnionarecomparedonthebasisofpurchasingpowerstandards(PPS).Inthiswaypricedifferencesinrelationtoincomeareaccountedfor.
Flanders isoneof theprosperousWesternEuropeanregions.AccordingtoofficialEurostatdatathegrossdomesticproductofFlandersamounted to€27,859PPSperhead in2006.Ever since2003,Flandershas thus ranked9thamongthe16benchmark regions.Duringpreviousyears theFlemishGDPwas relativelyhigher (5thplace in1995).TheGermanbenchmark regions,Zuid-enWest-Nederland,DenmarkandSweden,theBasqueCountryandtheBritishSouthEastallhadahigherGDPpercapitathanFlandersin2006.Ontheotherhand,thevalueforMidi-Pyrénéesisquitelow(€23,650PPS).In1995noneoftheBritishregionsperformedbetterthanFlanders.TheevolutionoftheBasqueCountryisremarkable.Whereasitspositionwasmediocrein1995,todayitisrankedamongthetopthree.
Graph 1: GDP per capita in 2006
0
2.000.000
4.000.000
6.000.000
8.000.000
10.000.000
12.000.000
14.000.000
16.000.000
18.000.000
20.000.000
0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 400.000 450.000
GDP (mio euro)
Popu
latio
n
Basque Country
Midi-Pyrénées
Oost-NederlandZuid-Nederland
South WestScotland
FinlandEastern
DenmarkFlandersNorth West
West-Nederland
SwedenSouth East
Baden-Württemberg
Bayern
RELATIVELYHIGH GDP / CAPITA
RELATIVELYLOW GDP / CAPITA
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Verso0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
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6
Map 1: GDP per capita in 2006
ThecapitalcityofBrusselsdoesnotbelongtothegeographicalterritoryofFlanders.AgreatpartoftheFlemishadministrationislocatedinBrussels,asisthecaseformanyofthebiggercompanies.Furthermore,alotofFlemishpeoplecommutetotheirworkinBrusselsandthuscontributetotheBrusselsGDP(insteadoftheFlemish).Inanoverallrankingwhichalsocontainscapitalcities,Flan-derscannotclaimanoutstandingposition:in2006,Flanderswasrankedatthe31stpositionamongthe total of 131 European regions, which is still within the first quartile. The top performers areLuxemburg(€63,109PPS),BrusselsCapitalRegion(€55,111PPS)andHamburg(€47,188PPS),fol-lowedbymorecapitalcityregions.In2005,Flandersalsoranked31st.OverthelastyearstheFlemishpositionwentupanddown,butin1995itsrankingimprovedtothe26thposition.
23
5 ConClusIon
Flandersisaprosperousregion.However,thisdoesnotguaranteethefuturegenerationofpros-perity.ThatiswhyFlandersmustdevelopintoaninnovation-orientedeconomy.Ithasbeendeter-minedonthebasisoftechnologicalandinnovativeindicatorsthat15regionsareaheadofFlanders.Therefore,theseregionshavebeenusedasbenchmarkareas.
WithaGDPperheadof€27,859PPS,Flandersrankedin9thplaceonthelistofbenchmarkregionsin2006.Flandersowesagreatdealtoitshighlabourproductivity.ThenumberofjobsisrelativelymoderateduetotheeconomichubofneighbouringBrussels.Asaresult,manyFlemishworkerswhocommutetotheBrusselsCapitalRegioncontributetotheBrusselsGDP,buttaketheirincomehometowheretheylive.Theshareofpeopleaged15-64isnotaFlemishasseteither.
TheemploymentrateisrelativelylowinFlanders,inparticularamongtheolderagecategories.TheunemploymentrateontheotherhandisquitelowinFlanders:only4benchmarkregionsdobetter.
ThepositionofFlandersintheinnovationprocessismixed:althoughawell-educatedworkforceisclearlyanasset,Flemishworkersarestillinsufficientlyparticipatinginlifelonglearning(accordingtoEurostatdata).MostbenchmarkregionshaveahigherR&Dpercentage.Thisisnotsurprising,sincethiswasoneofthe indicatorsusedtodeterminethebetterperformingregions. Inabroader listcomprisingalltheEU-27regionsFlandersranked20thin2006,whichisrathergood.Newentrepre-neurshipislesscommoninFlanders,especiallycomparedtothebenchmarkareas.However,thisisanimportantprerequisiteforusingtheresultsoftheinnovationprocessinaneconomy.Flandersisdoingmoderatelywellintermsofthenumberofworkersinknowledge-intensivesectors.Thesamegoes for thenumberofpatentapplications. Inorder toenhanceour futurecapacity togenerateprosperity,someoftheseaspectsmustcontinuetobetackled.Thisisevenmoreurgentbecausemanycountriesandregionsareawareof the importanceof innovationasadriving forcebehindprosperity.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Recto0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
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5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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7
The GDP per headcanbebrokendownintothreefactors:labourproductivity,thenumberofjobsperC[15-64]andtheshareofC[15-64]inthepopulation3.Ananalysisofthesefactorsshedslightonhowprosperityiscreated.
Highlabour productivity isanassetfortheFlemisheconomy.Withavalueof€68,507PPSperwor-kerFlanderswasinthirdpositionamongthe16benchmarkareasin2006.West-andZuid-Nederlandaremoreproductive.Oost-Nederland iscatchingupwithFlanders.Throughout theyears labourproductivityhasalwaysbeenrelativelyhigh inFlanders. It is thekeyfactorofourprosperity.TheBritishregionsdonotexcellinthisrespect.Withinabroaderperspectiveof131EuropeanregionsFlandersisplacedatanexcellent11thposition,precededbyanumberofcapitalareas.
Graph 2: Labour productivity in 2006 (in € per worker)
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Flande
rs
Oost-N
ederl
and
Bayern
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Midi-P
yréné
es
Sweden
Finlan
d
South
East (U
K)
Denmark
Easter
n (UK)
Scotla
nd
South
West (U
K)
North W
est (U
K)
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
The number of jobs among people aged 15-64isrelativelylowinFlanders(61.7%ora14thpositionamongthe16topareas).TwoofthethreeDutchbenchmarkregionshavelowervalues.TheratioslightlyimprovedinFlandersduringthelastyears,butinrelativetermsthesituationwasslightlybet-terin1995whenFlandersalsoprecededWest-NederlandandtheBasqueCountry.TheBritishandGermanregionsaswellasDenmarkscorehighonthisindicator.Amongthe131EUregionsFlandersisinthe85thplace.However,since1995Flandershasgainedsomeplaces(91stin1995).
ThemediocreperformanceofFlanderspartlyresultsfromthefactthatquitealotofpeoplecom-mutetotheBrusselscapital.DuetothesmallgeographicalareaoftheBrusselsCapitalRegiontheplaceofliving(income)andtheplaceofworking(employmentandgenerationofGDP)arelocatedintwodifferentareas.
3 C[15-64]standsforthepopulationaged15to64.
22
4.5 Intellectual property
Thefinalstepintheinnovationprocessisthepatent application.Somecautionisneededintheinterpretationofthesedata:notallresearchautomaticallyresultsinapatentapplication.
In2004,157patentapplicationspermillioninhabitantsweresubmittedinFlanders.Thisismediocreincomparisontothebenchmarkregions(7thplace).Inthisrankingatopthreecanclearlybedistin-guished:Zuid-Nederland,Baden-WürttembergandBayernhaveratiosofmorethan400permillioninhabitants.TheBasqueCountry(52patentapplications),NorthWestUK(59)andScotland(64)arenotspecialisedinthismatter.DuringthelastyearsFlandershasbeensuccessfulinincreasingthisratio.Thisisreflectedinahigherrankingposition(from9thin2003to7thin2004).AmongalltheEu-ropeanregionsFlanderscanbefoundona19thposition.
Graph 12: Number of patent applications per million inhabitants in 2004
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
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8
Graph 3: Available jobs / population aged 15-64 in 2006 (in %)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Denmark
Bayern
Scotla
nd
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
North W
est (U
K)
Easter
n (UK)
Sweden
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Finlan
d
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Midi-P
yréné
es
Flande
rs
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Oost-N
ederl
and
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
21
12.0%.InthewholeEUrankingFlandersoccupies27thplace.Baden-Württembergalsoleadsthebroaderranking.
Inthesubcategoryofthemedium-high-techandhigh-techindustryFlandersperformsbetterinthebenchmarkcomparison(7.6%in2007or4thplace).Again,thetwoGermanbenchmarkLändertakethepoleposition,followedbytheBasqueCountry.IntherankingofalltheEUregionsFlandersislisted34th.ThisisduetothefactthatinquitealargenumberofthenewMemberStatestheindus-trialsectorhasarelativelygreatweightintheeconomy.
Inthesectorofthehigh-techservicestheoutcomeistheopposite:Flandersoccupied10thplacein 2008. South East UK (6.1%) and Sweden (5.1%) take the lead. But in the broader EU rankingFlanders is27th.Capital regionsusuallyperformwellon this indicator.Furthermore,knowledge-intensivemarketservicesarenotaFlemishspeciality(15thplacein2008).ThereasonforthisisthattheseactivitiesprospermoreinBrusselswhichperformssuchafunctionforabroaderhinterland,includingFlanders.Inthelistofknowledge-intensivefinancialservicesFlandersranked7thin2008(3.7%),whichisnotbadgiventheimportanceofthoseactivitiesinneighbouringBrussels.TheBritishbenchmarkregionsexcelinthisdomain.InthebroaderrankingLuxemburg(10.5%)isthetopregion,withnorealchallengers.
Graph 11: Share of knowledge-intensive workers in 2007 (in %)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Bayern
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
South
East (U
K)
Finlan
d
Flande
rs
Sweden
Easter
n (UK)
Midi-P
yréné
es
Denmark
South
West (U
K)
North W
est (U
K)
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Scotla
nd
West-N
ederl
and
Oost-N
ederl
and
(medium) HT industry HT services
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
In2008,42.6%oftheFlemishlabourforcewasworking in creative industries.Asaresult,Flandersoccupies9thpositioninthebenchmarklist.InparticulartheDutchandScandinavianregionsaswellasMidi-Pyrénéesareperformingbetter.Therearenobigdifferencesbetweentheregions.Theindi-catorhasbeenslightlydecreasinginFlanderssince3years,whichisbeingreflectedinaworseningrankingposition(alsointhebroaderlistwhereFlandersis21stin2008).Capitalregionsgenerallyarehubsofcreativeeconomies.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
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4.3 Innovation and entrepreneurship
EntrepreneurshipismeasuredbytheGlobalEntrepreneurshipMonitor(GEM).Oneofthemainindi-catorsresultingfromthissurveyisthe Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rate.Thisistheshareoftheadultpopulationthatiscurrentlysettingupabusinessorrunningayoungbusiness.
Table 1: Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rate in the benchmark regions (in %)
2005 2006 2007 2008
Flanders 3.7 3.0 3.4 3.0
Denmark 4.8 5.3 5.4 4.4
Baden-Württemberg* 4.6 n.a. n.a.
Bayern* 5.5 n.a. n.a.
BasqueCountry 5.4 5.4 6.4 6.9
Netherlands** 4.4 5.4 5.2 5.2
France*** 5.4 4.4 3.2 5.6
Finland 5.0 5.0 6.9 7.3
Sweden 4.0 3.5 4.2 n.a.
NorthWest(UK) 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.5
Eastern(UK) 5.4 5.7 6.1 7.3
SouthEast(UK) 6.9 6.2 5.3 5.5
SouthWest(UK) 6.9 7.6 6.5 5.9
Scotland 5.8 4.2 4.6 4.5
Source: Global entrepreneurship Monitor.* average for 2005/2006
** no data for the Dutch regions*** no data for the French regions
According to the Monitor, entrepreneurial activity in Flanders is moderate. Although some dataarelackingforanumberofregions,FlandershasthelowestTEA.Yearlyvariationsaretoacertaindegreeduetothesamplingprocess.Finland,theEasternUKandtheBasqueCountryaretopper-formersinthisranking.
TheTEAisonlyameasurefornewentrepreneurship.Thegenerationaltakeoverofbusinesses,whichiscommonpracticeinFlanders,isnottakenintoaccount.
4.4 application of innovation
Inordertohaveaninnovativeeconomy,theremustbeasufficientnumberof people working in knowledge-intensive companies or branches.ThesearedefinedashavingahighR&Dpercentagewithrespecttoturnover.Itbasicallyconcernscompaniesinthemedium-high-techorhigh-techin-dustryorhigh-techservices(e.g.constructionoftelecommunicationequipment,chemistry,compu-ters,electricalappliances,research,...).In2007,11.4%oftheFlemishlabourforcewasworkinginthe-sesectors.Asaresult,Flandersisranked6thamongthebenchmarkregions.Baden-Württemberg(21.6%)outrankseveryotherarea.BayernalsohasahighR&D%(16.5%).TheBasqueCountry,SouthEastUKandFinlandarealsoprecedingFlanders.ThismeansthattheBasqueCountryisdoingwell,sincein1995itstillrankedafterFlanders.The3DutchareasandScotlandareoccupyingthelastpositions.OvertheyearstheR&DpercentageinFlandersdidnotchangemuch;in1995itwasstill
9
Map 2: Available jobs as a percentage of population aged 15-64 in 2006
Thelastfactoristhe share of people aged 15 to 64.With65.9%in2006Flandersheldthe10thpo-sitionamong16benchmarkregions.Elevenyearsearlier,thevaluewas1percentagepointhigher.Flandersalsolosttwoplacesintheranking.ThroughouttheperiodconcernedtheBasqueCountryhadthehighestshareofpeopleofactiveage.However,thissameindicatorisalsodecreasingthefastestintheBasqueCountry.TheBritishregions(exceptforScotland)allhavealowervaluethanFlanders,butthisgapisgraduallybeingreduced.ComparedtothewholeofEurope,Flanderswasranked83rd.Since2000,thisrelativepositiondidnotvarymuch,butinthesecondhalfoftheni-neties,Flandersquicklylostground(66thplacein1995).TheSlovakandCzechRepublicsandthePolishregionsexcelonthisindicator,whereasmanyFrenchareasscoreparticularlylow.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
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Graph 10: R&D spending as a proportion of GDP in 2006 (in %)
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
10
Graph 4: Share of population aged 15 to 64 in 2006 (in %)
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
West-N
ederl
and
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Oost-N
ederl
and
Finlan
d
Scotla
nd
Bayern
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Denmark
Flande
rs
Sweden
North W
est (U
K)
South
East (U
K)
Easter
n (UK)
Midi-P
yréné
es
South
West (U
K)
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
Theaverage wage cost per employeeisrelativelyhighinFlanders.Onlythe3Dutchbenchmarkareashavehigheraveragecosts.In1995,however,Flandershadthehighestwagecostamongstthebenchmarkedregions.ItisnotsurprisingthatthenewMemberStateshavethelowestvalueforthisindicator.Theaveragewagecostperemployeemustbeconsideredinrelationtolabourproducti-vity.Theratiobetweenthesetwoindicatorsistheunitwagecost.InFlanderswagesaccountedfor56%ofgrossvalueaddedin2004�.Onlyfourofthebenchmarkregionsperformedbetter(i.e.lower).This isslightlybetterthanthreeyearsearlier (6thplace). In1995,onlyMidi-Pyrénéeshadalowerunitlabourcost.InabroaderEuropeanperspectiveFlandersholdsthe77thposition(rankingfromlowesttohighest).Notsurprisingly,theRomanianandBulgarianregionsaswellastheGreekAttikihavethelowestunitlabourcost.
Aregioncanbeanimportantproducerofwelfare,butthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthein-comeitgeneratesaccruestotheinhabitantsofthatregion.Whenpeoplecommute,theirplaceoflivingandworkingcanbeindifferentgeographicallocations.Thenet disposable incomeinFlan-dersamountsto€16,548PPSper head(basedonfinalconsumption).Thisallowsforan8thplaceamongstthe16benchmarkregions.SeveralBritishregions(includingSouthEastwith€20,089PPS)performbetter.TheGermanLänderconcernedandtheBasqueCountryalsohaveahigherincomeperinhabitant.TheScandinaviancountriesscorethelowestinthiscomparison.ThepositionofFlan-dershasgraduallyworsenedovertheyears.In1995,itheld3rdpositionandwasonlyprecededbyBaden-WürttembergandBayern.Duetoalackofdataforthewholerangeofareas,itisimpossibletorankFlandersamongst131regions.
Theeconomic structure of the benchmark regions is as follows (basedon gross value added in2006):theprimarysectorisnotreallyimportantinanyoftheregions.ItisrelativelywellrepresentedinOost-Nederland,Midi-PyrénéesandFinland.Baden-Württemberg(34.1%)andtheBasqueCoun-try(29.1%)arethemostindustrialisedregions.Industryissignificantlylessimportantinthevaluead-dedofWest-NederlandandtheBritishregions.TheshareofconstructionintheBasqueCountryisrelativelyhigh(10.0%)incomparisonwiththeotherbenchmarkareas.Itismorethantwiceasimpor-tantasintheGermanLänderorSweden.Thebranchof‘trade,hotels&restaurants,transportand
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
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18
Map 5: R&D expenditure as a % of GDP in 2006
Therearenobigdifferences in thepositionofFlanderswithrespect tobusiness,governmentorhighereducationR&D.BusinessR&Daccountsforthegreaterpartofexpenditure.Relativelyspea-king,thisisthehighestinBaden-Württemberg(3.46%),EasternUK(3.09%)andSweden(2.79%).ThegovernmentR&DrankingisheadedbyBerlin(1.11%)andMidi-Pyrénées(0.92%).AsfarashighereducationR&Disconcerned,thetopregionsareBerlin(0.86%),Sweden(0.77%)andSüdösterreich(0.72%).
11
communication’ isbest represented inWest-Nederland,Eastern (UK)andFlanders (almost25%).‘Financialandbusinessactivity’isthemostimportantactivityinSouthEastUK,BayernandWest-Nederland(allover30%).Finally,publicadministration,healthandpersonnelservicesareaspecialtyinMidi-Pyrénées(28.9%).Flandershasarelativelylowshare.ThisisduetothepresenceofBrusselswhichperformssuchfunctionsforabroaderhinterland.
Graph 5: Share of the economic sectors in gross value added in 2006 (in %)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Vlaams G
ewes
t
Denmark
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Bayern
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Midi-P
yréné
es
Oost-N
ederl
and
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Finlan
d
Sweden
North W
est (U
K)
Easter
n (UK)
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Scotla
nd
Public administration, health, personal and culturalservicesFinancial and business activities
Trade, hotels and restaurants, transport andcommunicationConstruction
Industry
Primary sector
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
During2000-2006,real GDP growthinFlandersamountedto2.0%ayear.Thisencompassedyearsofeconomicbooming(theyears2000and2006)aswellasyearsofsluggishgrowth(periodinbetween).Flemishgrowthissomewhatinthemiddleofwhatotherbenchmarkregionsrealised(nodatawereavailablefortheBritishareas).TheBasqueCountry,FinlandandSwedenwerethestrongestgrowers(>3%peryear),closelyfollowedbyMidi-Pyrénées(+2.7%).Baden-Württemberg’sperformance,ontheotherhand,wasquiteweak(+1.4%).
GDPgrowthcanroughlybebrokendownintogrowthoflabourproductivityandofemployment.Therecipeforgrowthdiffersfromregiontoregion:InFlandersthecontributionoflabourproducti-vityandofemploymentwasmoreorlessequalduringtheperiodconcerned.Inmostotherbench-markareas labourproductivitygrowthwasdominant,notably inSweden (+2.3%)andFinland (+2.0%).However,intheBasqueCountryemploymentgrowthwasalmostentirelyresponsibleforitsGDPexpansion:withanannualaverageof+3.0%itleavesallotherbenchmarkregionsfarbehind.InMidi-PyrénéesandOost-Nederlandemploymentgrowthwasalsomoreimportant.InthelattercasethiscontrastswiththetwootherDutchbenchmarkareas.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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17
Flandersperformslesswell,however,forthesecondindicator:in2008,7.6%oftheFlemishadultpopulation participated in lifelong learning.TogetherwithBayern,Flandersisatthebottomofthebenchmarkranking.Since2005thisindicatorhasgraduallydeteriorated.TheBritishandScandina-vianregionshaveclearlyhigherscores(Denmark:30.2%,Finland:23.0%).TheGermanLänderandMidi-Pyrénéesalsohavearatiobelow10%.InarankingofallEuropeanregions,theFlemishresultismediocre(64rdplace).Again,thepositionofFlandersworsenedovertime.TheScandinavianandBritishregionstaketheleadinthebroaderrankingaswell.
Graph 9: Participation in lifelong learning in 2008 (in %)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Denmark
Finlan
d
Sweden
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Scotla
nd
Easter
n (UK)
North W
est (U
K)
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Oost-N
ederl
and
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Midi-P
yréné
es
Flande
rs
Bayern
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
4.2 Creation of knowledge
AccordingtoEurostatfigures,FlemishR&D expenditureamountedto2.10%oftheGDPin2006.Asaresult,Flandersholdsthe10thpositioninthebenchmarklisting.Ithasheldthispositionfor8consecutiveyearsnow.TheleadingbenchmarkregionsareBaden-Württemberg(4.28%),EasternUK(3.98%),Midi-Pyrénées(3.90%),Sweden(3.74%)andFinland(3.47%).ThiscontrastswiththeratherlowfiguresforWest-Nederland(1.44%),theBasqueCountryandScotland(about1.6%).AroundtheturnofthecenturyFlemishR&Dexpenditurewasrelativelyhigher.Followingasubsequentdecline,theindicatorslightlyroseagainin2005and2006.InthebroaderrankingFlanderswasplaced20thin2006,whichisrathergood.ThebestperformingbenchmarkregionsalsoleadtheEUranking.
12
Graph 6: Components of real GDP growth, average of 2000-2006 (in percentage points)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5
Vlaams Gewest
Denmark
Baden-Württemberg
Bayern
Basque Country
Midi-Pyrénées
Oost-Nederland
West-Nederland
Zuid-Nederland
Finland
Sweden
Labour productivity growth Employment growth
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Verso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) BlackVerso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) CyanVerso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) MagentaVerso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
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13
3 laBour Market
AccordingtoEurostat,theFlemishemployment rate�didnotexceed66.5%in2008.ThisisoneofFlanders’weaknessesinthisbenchmarkcomparison(worstperformanceoutof16).OveraperiodofnineyearstheFlemishemploymentrateaccrued,albeitslowerthanthatofmostotherregions:attheendoftheninetiestheBasqueCountryandMidi-PyrénéeshadaloweremploymentratethanFlanders.However,sincethenFlandershasbeenovertakenbythesetworegions.Denmark(78.1%)andthe3Dutchareasareleadinginthisrespect.Flandersranksinthe64thplacewithinthebroa-dergroupthatincludesalltheEuropeanregions.ThroughouttheyearsFlanderslostseveralplaces(46thin1999).TheaforementionedtopregionsalsoleadtheEUbenchmark.TheemploymentrateisespeciallylowintheSouthItalianregions.
Graph 7: Employment rate in 1999 and in 2008 (in %)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Oost-N
ederl
and
Denmark
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Zuid-N
ederl
and
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Bayern
Easter
n (UK)
Sweden
Scotla
nd
Finlan
d
North W
est (U
K)
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Midi-P
yréné
es
Vlaams G
ewes
t
1999 2008
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
16
4 InnoVatIon
Thedifferentinnovationindicatorsaregroupedintofivebroadcategories,reflectingthestagesoftheinnovationprocess�.
4.1 Prerequisites to innovation
Ahighly educated workforce isanotherfeatureoftheFlemisheconomy.Theshareoftheworkforcewithtertiairyeducationamountedto37.0%in2008,asaresultofwhichFlandersoccupied3rdposi-tionamongthebenchmarkareas.OnlytheBasqueCountry(48.1%)andScotland(38.0%)performedbetter.ThisindicatorwasthelowestinthetwoGermanLänderconcerned.Theshareoftertiairyedu-catedworkersincreasedineachoftheregions.Flanderswasranked5thin1999,whichmeansthatitprogressedmorerapidlythantheotherregions.InabroaderEuropeancontextFlandersoccupiesthe13thposition.Especiallysomecapitalareashavehigherrates.
Map 4: % of highly educated workforce in 2008
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig003Verso0003#FB 003-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Verso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) BlackVerso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) CyanVerso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) MagentaVerso-3-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
14
Map 3: Employment rate in 2008
Theemployment rate in the age category 55 to 64 isalsothelowestinFlanders(34.3%in2008)amongst16benchmarkregions.Thedifferencesinthisgrouparemoreoutspoken.Swedentakesthelead(70.1%).Mostbenchmarkareasscoreabout50to60%.LowvaluesarerecordedintheBas-queCountry(45.0%)andMidi-Pyrénées(41.7%).However,thesevaluesarestillremarkablyhigherthanthoseinFlanders,despitetheeffortsFlandershasmade(23.8%in1999).Amongstthe131EUregionsFlandersranksinthe107thposition.Thisisworsethanintherankingofthetotalemploy-mentrate.Still,since1999itspositionintheagecategory55to65hasimproved.
Ontheotherhand,Flandershasquitealow unemployment rate (3.9%in2008).Since2004thisindi-catorhassteadilydeclined.Flandersnowranks5thamongthebenchmarkareas.TheDutchregions
15
andDenmarkhavelowerrates.EverybenchmarkregionhasalowerunemploymentratethantheEU-27orEU-15.ThehighestratesarerecordedintheBritishNorthWest(6.7%)andFinland,theBas-queCountryandMidi-Pyrénées(all6.4%).ThroughouttheyearsFlandershasbeenabletoimproveitsposition.InthebroaderEUrankingFlandersholdsthe16thposition.Again,thisisbetterthanafewyearsago(e.g.32ndin2005!).Nodataareavailableyetfor2009,butthereisnodoubtthattheunemploymentsituationwillhaveworsenedsignificantlyasaresultofthefinancial-economiccrisis.
Bothinabsoluteandrelativeterms,themaleunemploymentrateisbetterthanthefemalerateinFlanders(3.7%versus4.2%in2008).
Graph 8: Male and female unemployment rates in 2008 (in %)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
male
fem
ale
Flanders
West-Nederland
Zuid-NederlandOost-Nederland
Denmark
Baden-Württemberg Bayern
South West
South East
Eastern
Scotland
North West
FinlandSweden
Midi-PyrénéesBasque Country
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
TheFlemish long-term unemploymentrateamountedto1.4%in2008,whichplacedFlandersinthe11thpositionamongstthe16Europeanbenchmarkareas.However,thepercentagepointdifferencesaregenerallynotbig.IntheEUlistFlandersholdsposition29.Thelong-termunemploymentrateisthehighestinthecitiesofBerlin(9.4%)andBrussels(8.9%)aswellasinSachsen-Anhalt(9.3%).
Theshare of part-time employment inmostbenchmarkregionsrangesbetween20and30%(Flan-ders:23.4%in2008).TheDutchregionsarenotableexceptions(45-50%).Thisindicatorislow,howe-ver,intheBasqueCountryandFinland(about13%).
Theshareofself-employed people in the workforceamountedto14.3%inFlandersin2008.Thisisratherhighincomparisontootherbenchmarkareas(4thplace).TheBasqueCountryhasthehighestshare(19.5%).Intherankingofallthe131EuropeanregionsFlandersislisted65th.Althoughself-employmentmaybeanindicationofentrepreneurialactivity,itcanindeedalsoindicatethattherearefewopportunitiesforemployeestofindwork.ThisprobablyexplainsthehighvaluesincountriessuchasGreeceandRomania.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig003Recto0003#FB 003-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Recto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) BlackRecto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) CyanRecto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) MagentaRecto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
14
Map 3: Employment rate in 2008
Theemployment rate in the age category 55 to 64 isalsothelowestinFlanders(34.3%in2008)amongst16benchmarkregions.Thedifferencesinthisgrouparemoreoutspoken.Swedentakesthelead(70.1%).Mostbenchmarkareasscoreabout50to60%.LowvaluesarerecordedintheBas-queCountry(45.0%)andMidi-Pyrénées(41.7%).However,thesevaluesarestillremarkablyhigherthanthoseinFlanders,despitetheeffortsFlandershasmade(23.8%in1999).Amongstthe131EUregionsFlandersranksinthe107thposition.Thisisworsethanintherankingofthetotalemploy-mentrate.Still,since1999itspositionintheagecategory55to65hasimproved.
Ontheotherhand,Flandershasquitealow unemployment rate (3.9%in2008).Since2004thisindi-catorhassteadilydeclined.Flandersnowranks5thamongthebenchmarkareas.TheDutchregions
15
andDenmarkhavelowerrates.EverybenchmarkregionhasalowerunemploymentratethantheEU-27orEU-15.ThehighestratesarerecordedintheBritishNorthWest(6.7%)andFinland,theBas-queCountryandMidi-Pyrénées(all6.4%).ThroughouttheyearsFlandershasbeenabletoimproveitsposition.InthebroaderEUrankingFlandersholdsthe16thposition.Again,thisisbetterthanafewyearsago(e.g.32ndin2005!).Nodataareavailableyetfor2009,butthereisnodoubtthattheunemploymentsituationwillhaveworsenedsignificantlyasaresultofthefinancial-economiccrisis.
Bothinabsoluteandrelativeterms,themaleunemploymentrateisbetterthanthefemalerateinFlanders(3.7%versus4.2%in2008).
Graph 8: Male and female unemployment rates in 2008 (in %)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
male
fem
ale
Flanders
West-Nederland
Zuid-NederlandOost-Nederland
Denmark
Baden-Württemberg Bayern
South West
South East
Eastern
Scotland
North West
FinlandSweden
Midi-PyrénéesBasque Country
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
TheFlemish long-term unemploymentrateamountedto1.4%in2008,whichplacedFlandersinthe11thpositionamongstthe16Europeanbenchmarkareas.However,thepercentagepointdifferencesaregenerallynotbig.IntheEUlistFlandersholdsposition29.Thelong-termunemploymentrateisthehighestinthecitiesofBerlin(9.4%)andBrussels(8.9%)aswellasinSachsen-Anhalt(9.3%).
Theshare of part-time employment inmostbenchmarkregionsrangesbetween20and30%(Flan-ders:23.4%in2008).TheDutchregionsarenotableexceptions(45-50%).Thisindicatorislow,howe-ver,intheBasqueCountryandFinland(about13%).
Theshareofself-employed people in the workforceamountedto14.3%inFlandersin2008.Thisisratherhighincomparisontootherbenchmarkareas(4thplace).TheBasqueCountryhasthehighestshare(19.5%).Intherankingofallthe131EuropeanregionsFlandersislisted65th.Althoughself-employmentmaybeanindicationofentrepreneurialactivity,itcanindeedalsoindicatethattherearefewopportunitiesforemployeestofindwork.ThisprobablyexplainsthehighvaluesincountriessuchasGreeceandRomania.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Recto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) BlackRecto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) CyanRecto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) MagentaRecto-3-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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13
3 laBour Market
AccordingtoEurostat,theFlemishemployment rate�didnotexceed66.5%in2008.ThisisoneofFlanders’weaknessesinthisbenchmarkcomparison(worstperformanceoutof16).OveraperiodofnineyearstheFlemishemploymentrateaccrued,albeitslowerthanthatofmostotherregions:attheendoftheninetiestheBasqueCountryandMidi-PyrénéeshadaloweremploymentratethanFlanders.However,sincethenFlandershasbeenovertakenbythesetworegions.Denmark(78.1%)andthe3Dutchareasareleadinginthisrespect.Flandersranksinthe64thplacewithinthebroa-dergroupthatincludesalltheEuropeanregions.ThroughouttheyearsFlanderslostseveralplaces(46thin1999).TheaforementionedtopregionsalsoleadtheEUbenchmark.TheemploymentrateisespeciallylowintheSouthItalianregions.
Graph 7: Employment rate in 1999 and in 2008 (in %)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Oost-N
ederl
and
Denmark
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Zuid-N
ederl
and
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Bayern
Easter
n (UK)
Sweden
Scotla
nd
Finlan
d
North W
est (U
K)
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Midi-P
yréné
es
Vlaams G
ewes
t
1999 2008
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
16
4 InnoVatIon
Thedifferentinnovationindicatorsaregroupedintofivebroadcategories,reflectingthestagesoftheinnovationprocess�.
4.1 Prerequisites to innovation
Ahighly educated workforce isanotherfeatureoftheFlemisheconomy.Theshareoftheworkforcewithtertiairyeducationamountedto37.0%in2008,asaresultofwhichFlandersoccupied3rdposi-tionamongthebenchmarkareas.OnlytheBasqueCountry(48.1%)andScotland(38.0%)performedbetter.ThisindicatorwasthelowestinthetwoGermanLänderconcerned.Theshareoftertiairyedu-catedworkersincreasedineachoftheregions.Flanderswasranked5thin1999,whichmeansthatitprogressedmorerapidlythantheotherregions.InabroaderEuropeancontextFlandersoccupiesthe13thposition.Especiallysomecapitalareashavehigherrates.
Map 4: % of highly educated workforce in 2008
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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17
Flandersperformslesswell,however,forthesecondindicator:in2008,7.6%oftheFlemishadultpopulation participated in lifelong learning.TogetherwithBayern,Flandersisatthebottomofthebenchmarkranking.Since2005thisindicatorhasgraduallydeteriorated.TheBritishandScandina-vianregionshaveclearlyhigherscores(Denmark:30.2%,Finland:23.0%).TheGermanLänderandMidi-Pyrénéesalsohavearatiobelow10%.InarankingofallEuropeanregions,theFlemishresultismediocre(64rdplace).Again,thepositionofFlandersworsenedovertime.TheScandinavianandBritishregionstaketheleadinthebroaderrankingaswell.
Graph 9: Participation in lifelong learning in 2008 (in %)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Denmark
Finlan
d
Sweden
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Scotla
nd
Easter
n (UK)
North W
est (U
K)
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Oost-N
ederl
and
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Midi-P
yréné
es
Flande
rs
Bayern
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
4.2 Creation of knowledge
AccordingtoEurostatfigures,FlemishR&D expenditureamountedto2.10%oftheGDPin2006.Asaresult,Flandersholdsthe10thpositioninthebenchmarklisting.Ithasheldthispositionfor8consecutiveyearsnow.TheleadingbenchmarkregionsareBaden-Württemberg(4.28%),EasternUK(3.98%),Midi-Pyrénées(3.90%),Sweden(3.74%)andFinland(3.47%).ThiscontrastswiththeratherlowfiguresforWest-Nederland(1.44%),theBasqueCountryandScotland(about1.6%).AroundtheturnofthecenturyFlemishR&Dexpenditurewasrelativelyhigher.Followingasubsequentdecline,theindicatorslightlyroseagainin2005and2006.InthebroaderrankingFlanderswasplaced20thin2006,whichisrathergood.ThebestperformingbenchmarkregionsalsoleadtheEUranking.
12
Graph 6: Components of real GDP growth, average of 2000-2006 (in percentage points)
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5
Vlaams Gewest
Denmark
Baden-Württemberg
Bayern
Basque Country
Midi-Pyrénées
Oost-Nederland
West-Nederland
Zuid-Nederland
Finland
Sweden
Labour productivity growth Employment growth
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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18
Map 5: R&D expenditure as a % of GDP in 2006
Therearenobigdifferences in thepositionofFlanderswithrespect tobusiness,governmentorhighereducationR&D.BusinessR&Daccountsforthegreaterpartofexpenditure.Relativelyspea-king,thisisthehighestinBaden-Württemberg(3.46%),EasternUK(3.09%)andSweden(2.79%).ThegovernmentR&DrankingisheadedbyBerlin(1.11%)andMidi-Pyrénées(0.92%).AsfarashighereducationR&Disconcerned,thetopregionsareBerlin(0.86%),Sweden(0.77%)andSüdösterreich(0.72%).
11
communication’ isbest represented inWest-Nederland,Eastern (UK)andFlanders (almost25%).‘Financialandbusinessactivity’isthemostimportantactivityinSouthEastUK,BayernandWest-Nederland(allover30%).Finally,publicadministration,healthandpersonnelservicesareaspecialtyinMidi-Pyrénées(28.9%).Flandershasarelativelylowshare.ThisisduetothepresenceofBrusselswhichperformssuchfunctionsforabroaderhinterland.
Graph 5: Share of the economic sectors in gross value added in 2006 (in %)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Vlaams G
ewes
t
Denmark
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Bayern
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Midi-P
yréné
es
Oost-N
ederl
and
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Finlan
d
Sweden
North W
est (U
K)
Easter
n (UK)
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Scotla
nd
Public administration, health, personal and culturalservicesFinancial and business activities
Trade, hotels and restaurants, transport andcommunicationConstruction
Industry
Primary sector
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
During2000-2006,real GDP growthinFlandersamountedto2.0%ayear.Thisencompassedyearsofeconomicbooming(theyears2000and2006)aswellasyearsofsluggishgrowth(periodinbetween).Flemishgrowthissomewhatinthemiddleofwhatotherbenchmarkregionsrealised(nodatawereavailablefortheBritishareas).TheBasqueCountry,FinlandandSwedenwerethestrongestgrowers(>3%peryear),closelyfollowedbyMidi-Pyrénées(+2.7%).Baden-Württemberg’sperformance,ontheotherhand,wasquiteweak(+1.4%).
GDPgrowthcanroughlybebrokendownintogrowthoflabourproductivityandofemployment.Therecipeforgrowthdiffersfromregiontoregion:InFlandersthecontributionoflabourproducti-vityandofemploymentwasmoreorlessequalduringtheperiodconcerned.Inmostotherbench-markareas labourproductivitygrowthwasdominant,notably inSweden (+2.3%)andFinland (+2.0%).However,intheBasqueCountryemploymentgrowthwasalmostentirelyresponsibleforitsGDPexpansion:withanannualaverageof+3.0%itleavesallotherbenchmarkregionsfarbehind.InMidi-PyrénéesandOost-Nederlandemploymentgrowthwasalsomoreimportant.InthelattercasethiscontrastswiththetwootherDutchbenchmarkareas.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
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5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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19
Graph 10: R&D spending as a proportion of GDP in 2006 (in %)
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
10
Graph 4: Share of population aged 15 to 64 in 2006 (in %)
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
West-N
ederl
and
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Oost-N
ederl
and
Finlan
d
Scotla
nd
Bayern
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Denmark
Flande
rs
Sweden
North W
est (U
K)
South
East (U
K)
Easter
n (UK)
Midi-P
yréné
es
South
West (U
K)
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
Theaverage wage cost per employeeisrelativelyhighinFlanders.Onlythe3Dutchbenchmarkareashavehigheraveragecosts.In1995,however,Flandershadthehighestwagecostamongstthebenchmarkedregions.ItisnotsurprisingthatthenewMemberStateshavethelowestvalueforthisindicator.Theaveragewagecostperemployeemustbeconsideredinrelationtolabourproducti-vity.Theratiobetweenthesetwoindicatorsistheunitwagecost.InFlanderswagesaccountedfor56%ofgrossvalueaddedin2004�.Onlyfourofthebenchmarkregionsperformedbetter(i.e.lower).This isslightlybetterthanthreeyearsearlier (6thplace). In1995,onlyMidi-Pyrénéeshadalowerunitlabourcost.InabroaderEuropeanperspectiveFlandersholdsthe77thposition(rankingfromlowesttohighest).Notsurprisingly,theRomanianandBulgarianregionsaswellastheGreekAttikihavethelowestunitlabourcost.
Aregioncanbeanimportantproducerofwelfare,butthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthein-comeitgeneratesaccruestotheinhabitantsofthatregion.Whenpeoplecommute,theirplaceoflivingandworkingcanbeindifferentgeographicallocations.Thenet disposable incomeinFlan-dersamountsto€16,548PPSper head(basedonfinalconsumption).Thisallowsforan8thplaceamongstthe16benchmarkregions.SeveralBritishregions(includingSouthEastwith€20,089PPS)performbetter.TheGermanLänderconcernedandtheBasqueCountryalsohaveahigherincomeperinhabitant.TheScandinaviancountriesscorethelowestinthiscomparison.ThepositionofFlan-dershasgraduallyworsenedovertheyears.In1995,itheld3rdpositionandwasonlyprecededbyBaden-WürttembergandBayern.Duetoalackofdataforthewholerangeofareas,itisimpossibletorankFlandersamongst131regions.
Theeconomic structure of the benchmark regions is as follows (basedon gross value added in2006):theprimarysectorisnotreallyimportantinanyoftheregions.ItisrelativelywellrepresentedinOost-Nederland,Midi-PyrénéesandFinland.Baden-Württemberg(34.1%)andtheBasqueCoun-try(29.1%)arethemostindustrialisedregions.Industryissignificantlylessimportantinthevaluead-dedofWest-NederlandandtheBritishregions.TheshareofconstructionintheBasqueCountryisrelativelyhigh(10.0%)incomparisonwiththeotherbenchmarkareas.Itismorethantwiceasimpor-tantasintheGermanLänderorSweden.Thebranchof‘trade,hotels&restaurants,transportand
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
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543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
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4.3 Innovation and entrepreneurship
EntrepreneurshipismeasuredbytheGlobalEntrepreneurshipMonitor(GEM).Oneofthemainindi-catorsresultingfromthissurveyisthe Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rate.Thisistheshareoftheadultpopulationthatiscurrentlysettingupabusinessorrunningayoungbusiness.
Table 1: Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rate in the benchmark regions (in %)
2005 2006 2007 2008
Flanders 3.7 3.0 3.4 3.0
Denmark 4.8 5.3 5.4 4.4
Baden-Württemberg* 4.6 n.a. n.a.
Bayern* 5.5 n.a. n.a.
BasqueCountry 5.4 5.4 6.4 6.9
Netherlands** 4.4 5.4 5.2 5.2
France*** 5.4 4.4 3.2 5.6
Finland 5.0 5.0 6.9 7.3
Sweden 4.0 3.5 4.2 n.a.
NorthWest(UK) 4.6 4.9 5.3 5.5
Eastern(UK) 5.4 5.7 6.1 7.3
SouthEast(UK) 6.9 6.2 5.3 5.5
SouthWest(UK) 6.9 7.6 6.5 5.9
Scotland 5.8 4.2 4.6 4.5
Source: Global entrepreneurship Monitor.* average for 2005/2006
** no data for the Dutch regions*** no data for the French regions
According to the Monitor, entrepreneurial activity in Flanders is moderate. Although some dataarelackingforanumberofregions,FlandershasthelowestTEA.Yearlyvariationsaretoacertaindegreeduetothesamplingprocess.Finland,theEasternUKandtheBasqueCountryaretopper-formersinthisranking.
TheTEAisonlyameasurefornewentrepreneurship.Thegenerationaltakeoverofbusinesses,whichiscommonpracticeinFlanders,isnottakenintoaccount.
4.4 application of innovation
Inordertohaveaninnovativeeconomy,theremustbeasufficientnumberof people working in knowledge-intensive companies or branches.ThesearedefinedashavingahighR&Dpercentagewithrespecttoturnover.Itbasicallyconcernscompaniesinthemedium-high-techorhigh-techin-dustryorhigh-techservices(e.g.constructionoftelecommunicationequipment,chemistry,compu-ters,electricalappliances,research,...).In2007,11.4%oftheFlemishlabourforcewasworkinginthe-sesectors.Asaresult,Flandersisranked6thamongthebenchmarkregions.Baden-Württemberg(21.6%)outrankseveryotherarea.BayernalsohasahighR&D%(16.5%).TheBasqueCountry,SouthEastUKandFinlandarealsoprecedingFlanders.ThismeansthattheBasqueCountryisdoingwell,sincein1995itstillrankedafterFlanders.The3DutchareasandScotlandareoccupyingthelastpositions.OvertheyearstheR&DpercentageinFlandersdidnotchangemuch;in1995itwasstill
9
Map 2: Available jobs as a percentage of population aged 15-64 in 2006
Thelastfactoristhe share of people aged 15 to 64.With65.9%in2006Flandersheldthe10thpo-sitionamong16benchmarkregions.Elevenyearsearlier,thevaluewas1percentagepointhigher.Flandersalsolosttwoplacesintheranking.ThroughouttheperiodconcernedtheBasqueCountryhadthehighestshareofpeopleofactiveage.However,thissameindicatorisalsodecreasingthefastestintheBasqueCountry.TheBritishregions(exceptforScotland)allhavealowervaluethanFlanders,butthisgapisgraduallybeingreduced.ComparedtothewholeofEurope,Flanderswasranked83rd.Since2000,thisrelativepositiondidnotvarymuch,butinthesecondhalfoftheni-neties,Flandersquicklylostground(66thplacein1995).TheSlovakandCzechRepublicsandthePolishregionsexcelonthisindicator,whereasmanyFrenchareasscoreparticularlylow.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
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8
Graph 3: Available jobs / population aged 15-64 in 2006 (in %)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
South
East (U
K)
South
West (U
K)
Denmark
Bayern
Scotla
nd
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
North W
est (U
K)
Easter
n (UK)
Sweden
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Finlan
d
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Midi-P
yréné
es
Flande
rs
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Oost-N
ederl
and
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
21
12.0%.InthewholeEUrankingFlandersoccupies27thplace.Baden-Württembergalsoleadsthebroaderranking.
Inthesubcategoryofthemedium-high-techandhigh-techindustryFlandersperformsbetterinthebenchmarkcomparison(7.6%in2007or4thplace).Again,thetwoGermanbenchmarkLändertakethepoleposition,followedbytheBasqueCountry.IntherankingofalltheEUregionsFlandersislisted34th.ThisisduetothefactthatinquitealargenumberofthenewMemberStatestheindus-trialsectorhasarelativelygreatweightintheeconomy.
Inthesectorofthehigh-techservicestheoutcomeistheopposite:Flandersoccupied10thplacein 2008. South East UK (6.1%) and Sweden (5.1%) take the lead. But in the broader EU rankingFlanders is27th.Capital regionsusuallyperformwellon this indicator.Furthermore,knowledge-intensivemarketservicesarenotaFlemishspeciality(15thplacein2008).ThereasonforthisisthattheseactivitiesprospermoreinBrusselswhichperformssuchafunctionforabroaderhinterland,includingFlanders.Inthelistofknowledge-intensivefinancialservicesFlandersranked7thin2008(3.7%),whichisnotbadgiventheimportanceofthoseactivitiesinneighbouringBrussels.TheBritishbenchmarkregionsexcelinthisdomain.InthebroaderrankingLuxemburg(10.5%)isthetopregion,withnorealchallengers.
Graph 11: Share of knowledge-intensive workers in 2007 (in %)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Bayern
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
South
East (U
K)
Finlan
d
Flande
rs
Sweden
Easter
n (UK)
Midi-P
yréné
es
Denmark
South
West (U
K)
North W
est (U
K)
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Scotla
nd
West-N
ederl
and
Oost-N
ederl
and
(medium) HT industry HT services
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
In2008,42.6%oftheFlemishlabourforcewasworking in creative industries.Asaresult,Flandersoccupies9thpositioninthebenchmarklist.InparticulartheDutchandScandinavianregionsaswellasMidi-Pyrénéesareperformingbetter.Therearenobigdifferencesbetweentheregions.Theindi-catorhasbeenslightlydecreasinginFlanderssince3years,whichisbeingreflectedinaworseningrankingposition(alsointhebroaderlistwhereFlandersis21stin2008).Capitalregionsgenerallyarehubsofcreativeeconomies.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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7
The GDP per headcanbebrokendownintothreefactors:labourproductivity,thenumberofjobsperC[15-64]andtheshareofC[15-64]inthepopulation3.Ananalysisofthesefactorsshedslightonhowprosperityiscreated.
Highlabour productivity isanassetfortheFlemisheconomy.Withavalueof€68,507PPSperwor-kerFlanderswasinthirdpositionamongthe16benchmarkareasin2006.West-andZuid-Nederlandaremoreproductive.Oost-Nederland iscatchingupwithFlanders.Throughout theyears labourproductivityhasalwaysbeenrelativelyhigh inFlanders. It is thekeyfactorofourprosperity.TheBritishregionsdonotexcellinthisrespect.Withinabroaderperspectiveof131EuropeanregionsFlandersisplacedatanexcellent11thposition,precededbyanumberofcapitalareas.
Graph 2: Labour productivity in 2006 (in € per worker)
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
Wes
t-Ned
erlan
d
Zuid-N
ederl
and
Flande
rs
Oost-N
ederl
and
Bayern
Basqu
e Cou
ntry
Baden
-Würt
tembe
rg
Midi-P
yréné
es
Sweden
Finlan
d
South
East (U
K)
Denmark
Easter
n (UK)
Scotla
nd
South
West (U
K)
North W
est (U
K)
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
The number of jobs among people aged 15-64isrelativelylowinFlanders(61.7%ora14thpositionamongthe16topareas).TwoofthethreeDutchbenchmarkregionshavelowervalues.TheratioslightlyimprovedinFlandersduringthelastyears,butinrelativetermsthesituationwasslightlybet-terin1995whenFlandersalsoprecededWest-NederlandandtheBasqueCountry.TheBritishandGermanregionsaswellasDenmarkscorehighonthisindicator.Amongthe131EUregionsFlandersisinthe85thplace.However,since1995Flandershasgainedsomeplaces(91stin1995).
ThemediocreperformanceofFlanderspartlyresultsfromthefactthatquitealotofpeoplecom-mutetotheBrusselscapital.DuetothesmallgeographicalareaoftheBrusselsCapitalRegiontheplaceofliving(income)andtheplaceofworking(employmentandgenerationofGDP)arelocatedintwodifferentareas.
3 C[15-64]standsforthepopulationaged15to64.
22
4.5 Intellectual property
Thefinalstepintheinnovationprocessisthepatent application.Somecautionisneededintheinterpretationofthesedata:notallresearchautomaticallyresultsinapatentapplication.
In2004,157patentapplicationspermillioninhabitantsweresubmittedinFlanders.Thisismediocreincomparisontothebenchmarkregions(7thplace).Inthisrankingatopthreecanclearlybedistin-guished:Zuid-Nederland,Baden-WürttembergandBayernhaveratiosofmorethan400permillioninhabitants.TheBasqueCountry(52patentapplications),NorthWestUK(59)andScotland(64)arenotspecialisedinthismatter.DuringthelastyearsFlandershasbeensuccessfulinincreasingthisratio.Thisisreflectedinahigherrankingposition(from9thin2003to7thin2004).AmongalltheEu-ropeanregionsFlanderscanbefoundona19thposition.
Graph 12: Number of patent applications per million inhabitants in 2004
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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6
Map 1: GDP per capita in 2006
ThecapitalcityofBrusselsdoesnotbelongtothegeographicalterritoryofFlanders.AgreatpartoftheFlemishadministrationislocatedinBrussels,asisthecaseformanyofthebiggercompanies.Furthermore,alotofFlemishpeoplecommutetotheirworkinBrusselsandthuscontributetotheBrusselsGDP(insteadoftheFlemish).Inanoverallrankingwhichalsocontainscapitalcities,Flan-derscannotclaimanoutstandingposition:in2006,Flanderswasrankedatthe31stpositionamongthe total of 131 European regions, which is still within the first quartile. The top performers areLuxemburg(€63,109PPS),BrusselsCapitalRegion(€55,111PPS)andHamburg(€47,188PPS),fol-lowedbymorecapitalcityregions.In2005,Flandersalsoranked31st.OverthelastyearstheFlemishpositionwentupanddown,butin1995itsrankingimprovedtothe26thposition.
23
5 ConClusIon
Flandersisaprosperousregion.However,thisdoesnotguaranteethefuturegenerationofpros-perity.ThatiswhyFlandersmustdevelopintoaninnovation-orientedeconomy.Ithasbeendeter-minedonthebasisoftechnologicalandinnovativeindicatorsthat15regionsareaheadofFlanders.Therefore,theseregionshavebeenusedasbenchmarkareas.
WithaGDPperheadof€27,859PPS,Flandersrankedin9thplaceonthelistofbenchmarkregionsin2006.Flandersowesagreatdealtoitshighlabourproductivity.ThenumberofjobsisrelativelymoderateduetotheeconomichubofneighbouringBrussels.Asaresult,manyFlemishworkerswhocommutetotheBrusselsCapitalRegioncontributetotheBrusselsGDP,buttaketheirincomehometowheretheylive.Theshareofpeopleaged15-64isnotaFlemishasseteither.
TheemploymentrateisrelativelylowinFlanders,inparticularamongtheolderagecategories.TheunemploymentrateontheotherhandisquitelowinFlanders:only4benchmarkregionsdobetter.
ThepositionofFlandersintheinnovationprocessismixed:althoughawell-educatedworkforceisclearlyanasset,Flemishworkersarestillinsufficientlyparticipatinginlifelonglearning(accordingtoEurostatdata).MostbenchmarkregionshaveahigherR&Dpercentage.Thisisnotsurprising,sincethiswasoneofthe indicatorsusedtodeterminethebetterperformingregions. Inabroader listcomprisingalltheEU-27regionsFlandersranked20thin2006,whichisrathergood.Newentrepre-neurshipislesscommoninFlanders,especiallycomparedtothebenchmarkareas.However,thisisanimportantprerequisiteforusingtheresultsoftheinnovationprocessinaneconomy.Flandersisdoingmoderatelywellintermsofthenumberofworkersinknowledge-intensivesectors.Thesamegoes for thenumberofpatentapplications. Inorder toenhanceour futurecapacity togenerateprosperity,someoftheseaspectsmustcontinuetobetackled.Thisisevenmoreurgentbecausemanycountriesandregionsareawareof the importanceof innovationasadriving forcebehindprosperity.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Recto0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) BlackRecto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) CyanRecto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) MagentaRecto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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5
2 eConoMIC WelFare
Gross domestic product (GDP) isabroadmeasureofwelfaregeneratedinacountryorregion.GDPdataofregionsorcountrieswithintheEuropeanUnionarecomparedonthebasisofpurchasingpowerstandards(PPS).Inthiswaypricedifferencesinrelationtoincomeareaccountedfor.
Flanders isoneof theprosperousWesternEuropeanregions.AccordingtoofficialEurostatdatathegrossdomesticproductofFlandersamounted to€27,859PPSperhead in2006.Ever since2003,Flandershas thus ranked9thamongthe16benchmark regions.Duringpreviousyears theFlemishGDPwas relativelyhigher (5thplace in1995).TheGermanbenchmark regions,Zuid-enWest-Nederland,DenmarkandSweden,theBasqueCountryandtheBritishSouthEastallhadahigherGDPpercapitathanFlandersin2006.Ontheotherhand,thevalueforMidi-Pyrénéesisquitelow(€23,650PPS).In1995noneoftheBritishregionsperformedbetterthanFlanders.TheevolutionoftheBasqueCountryisremarkable.Whereasitspositionwasmediocrein1995,todayitisrankedamongthetopthree.
Graph 1: GDP per capita in 2006
0
2.000.000
4.000.000
6.000.000
8.000.000
10.000.000
12.000.000
14.000.000
16.000.000
18.000.000
20.000.000
0 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 400.000 450.000
GDP (mio euro)
Popu
latio
n
Basque Country
Midi-Pyrénées
Oost-NederlandZuid-Nederland
South WestScotland
FinlandEastern
DenmarkFlandersNorth West
West-Nederland
SwedenSouth East
Baden-Württemberg
Bayern
RELATIVELYHIGH GDP / CAPITA
RELATIVELYLOW GDP / CAPITA
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Verso0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
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5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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25
Annex 1:KeyindicatorsforFlandersandthebenchmarkregions
Pop
ulat
ion
Pop
ulat
ion
den
sity
(inh
abit
ants
/
km²)
Em
plo
ymen
t ra
te (i
n %
)
Em
plo
ymen
t ra
te p
eop
le a
ged
55-
64 (i
n %
)
Une
mp
loym
ent
rate
(in
%)
Long
-ter
m u
nem
plo
ymen
t ra
te (i
n %
)
2006 1/01/2007 2008 2008 2008 2008
Flanders 6,098,000 452 66.5 34.3 3.9 1.4
Denmark 5,437,300 126 78.1 57.0 3.3 0.5
Baden-Württemberg 10,737,200 300 75.1 60.5 4.2 1.7
Bayern 12,480,700 177 75.0 56.6 4.2 1.8
BasqueCountry 2,118,600 294 67.9 45.0 6.4 1.5
Midi-Pyrénées 2,791,400 62 67.8 41.7 6.4 2.0
Oost-Nederland 3,464,900 316 78.3 53.9 2.7 0.9
West-Nederland 7,632,500 643 77.4 54.2 2.7 0.9
Zuid-Nederland 3,547,400 486 76.8 50.8 2.7 1.0
Finland 5,239,400 16 71.0 56.4 6.4 1.2
Sweden 9,080,500 21 74.3 70.1 6.2 0.8
NorthWestUK 6,852,600 486 68.7 54.6 6.7 1.9
EasternUK 5,609,300 295 74.4 61.4 4.8 1.0
SouthEastUK 8,242,200 434 76.0 64.1 4.3 0.8
SouthWestUK 5,128,200 216 75.2 62.2 4.1 0.7
Scotland 5,118,200 66 72.7 57.2 4.7 1.0
4
Thefollowingindicatorsaretakenintoconsiderationintheanalysis:
• per capita GDPanditsconstituentparts:labourproductivity(definedasGDPdividedbyto-talemployment),thenumberofjobsinrelationtopeopleaged15-64yandtheshareofthepopulationaged15to64.ThisisawellknowndecompositionofGDPperhead;
• the average wage per worker and the wage cost per unit of production(orwageshareingrossvalueadded).Thesearecompetitivenessindicators;
• the employment rate,ortheratiobetweentheworkingpopulationandthepopulationaged15-64,isanimportantparameterforthelabourmarket.Itisalsousedinternationallyfortrac-kingpolicyobjectives,includingtheLisbonstrategy.Thereisalsoafocusonthe55-64agecategory;
• the unemployment rate (ILOdefinition).InadditiontoGDPpercapita,thisisakeyindicatorthattheEuropeanCommissionusestotrackitsregionalpolicy.Heretoothereisafocusonanumberofsub-groupsincludingmen,womenandthelong-termunemployed;
• employment in the (medium HT and HT industry and in the knowledge intensive HT servi-ces.EconomicbranchesarecategorisedassuchbasedonaEurostatandOECDclassificationaccordingtotheuseofR&Dintheproductionprocess.Thesevariablesareanindicationoftheextenttowhichtheknowledgeeconomyhaspenetratedinthevariousregions;
• the share of workers with a tertiary level of education(highereducation)isanindicationofthetalentpresentinaregion;
• patent applicationsmeasurewhetherresearcheffortsresultinproductsandservices.Howe-ver,thisindicatorhaslimitations:apatentapplicationisnotmadeforallappliedresearchandtheresultingproducts.Furthermore,notallpatentedproductsaresuccessful(i.e.ifthesepro-ductsarenotsold,oraredifficulttosell,theymakenocontributiontoaddedvaluecreation);
• research and development expenses as a % of GDPmeasurehowmucharegionisinvestinginresearchanddevelopment.However,nothingissaidaboutcommercialisationofthisre-searchanddevelopment.Inadditiontothetotalforallactors,thisindicatorisalsocalculatedforbusinessandgovernmentseparately;
• the share of employment in knowledge creative industries isa fairlynew indicatorwhichdenotesthepresenceofhumanpotentialtogeneratecreative,innovativeproductsandser-vices.Theseareessentialforaeconomyinanadvancedstageofdevelopmentwheregrowthcannolongerbeachievedmerelybyinputofcapitalandlabourorthroughefficiency.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Verso0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
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5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
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26
GD
P p
er h
ead
(in
€ P
PS)
Lab
our
pro
duc
tivi
ty
(in €
PPS
per
wor
ker)
Num
ber
of
job
s /
peo
ple
ag
ed 1
5-64
(in
%)
Shar
e of
peo
ple
ag
ed 1
5-64
(in
%)
Uni
t la
bou
r co
st
Dis
pos
able
inco
me
per
hea
d (i
n €
PPS
bas
ed o
n th
e fin
al c
onsu
mp
tion
)
2006 2006 2006 2006 2004 2006
Flanders 27,859 68,507 61.7 65.9 0.56 16,548
Denmark 29,049 55,970 78.5 66.1 0.64 12,754
Baden-Württemberg 30,507 60,286 76.4 66.3 0.59 19,264
Bayern 32,245 62,672 77.5 66.4 0.53 18,715
BasqueCountry 31,592 62,552 73.2 69.0 0.54 18,724
Midi-Pyrénées 23,650 59,278 62.2 64.1 0.58 15,414
Oost-Nederland 25,897 68,152 56.9 66.8 0.61 13,628
West-Nederland 33,772 79,349 62.7 67.9 0.58 14,967
Zuid-Nederland 30,121 75,004 59.5 67.5 0.57 14,626
Finland 27,104 58,238 69.9 66.6 0.55 12,396
Sweden 28,706 58,942 74.3 65.5 0.62 14,058
NorthWestUK 24,744 50,111 75.7 65.3 0.63 16,019
EasternUK 26,842 54,866 75.5 64.8 0.58 18,702
SouthEastUK 30,233 56,356 82.3 65.2 0.58 20,089
SouthWestUK 26,078 51,213 79.7 63.9 0.60 17,669
Scotland 27,382 53,717 76.7 66.4 0.63 16,822
3
Map 0: Selection of benchmark regions, 2009
ThebroadpictureismoreimportantthanthefocusonFlanders’positionintherankings.Thebench-markregionsusuallyperformbetterthanFlanders.Afewyearsago,however,Flandersscoredrela-tivelyhigheronsomefactors.Thisisduetothefactthatthebenchmarkingexercisewascarriedoutonthebasisofthemostrecentdata.Consequently,thisisnotananalysisofhowthebenchmarkre-gionshaveevolved,butratheroftheFlemishsocio-economicperformanceduringthesepastyears.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig002Recto0002#FB 002-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
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27
Shar
e of
hig
hly
educ
ated
wor
kers
(in
%)
Shar
e of
ad
ult
pop
ulat
ion
invo
lved
in
life
long
lear
ning
(in
%)
Tota
l R&
D e
xpen
dit
ure
/ G
DP
(in
%)
Bus
ines
s R
&D
exp
end
itur
e /
GD
P (in
%)
Gov
ernm
ent
R&
D e
xpen
dit
ure
/ G
DP
(in %
)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in k
now
led
ge-
inte
nsiv
e se
ctor
s (in
%)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in (m
ediu
m) H
T in
dus
try
(in %
)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in H
T se
rvic
es
(in %
)
Shar
e of
wor
kers
in c
reat
ive
sect
ors
(in %
)
Num
ber
of
pat
ent
app
licat
ions
per
m
illio
n in
hab
itan
ts
2008 2008 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2008 2004
Flanders 37.0 7.6 2.1 1.39 0.21 11.4 7.6 3.8 42.6 157
Denmark 32.8 30.2 2.5 1.66 0.16 10.2 6.0 4.2 45.1 185
Baden-Württemberg 27.2 8.8 4.3 3.46 0.41 21.6 18.1 3.6 40.8 548
Bayern 26.4 7.6 3.0 2.36 0.25 16.5 13.0 3.5 42.2 415
BasqueCountry 48.1 13.5 1.6 1.24 0.06 13.7 9.9 3.9 41.2 52
Midi-Pyrénées 33.9 7.7 3.9 2.42 0.92 10.5 7.0 3.5 44.7 120
Oost-Nederland 28.9 16.0 1.7 0.76 0.37 7.3 3.3 3.9 46.5 124
West-Nederland 35.1 18.1 1.4 0.63 0.30 7.3 2.4 4.9 50.3 126
Zuid-Nederland 29.5 15.8 2.7 2.41 0.05 8.3 4.8 3.5 45.3 579
Finland 36.5 23.0 3.5 2.48 0.35 11.6 7.1 4.6 44.6 261
Sweden 31.5 22.1 3.7 2.79 0.17 11.3 6.2 5.1 44.7 242
NorthWestUK 31.3 18.1 2.1 1.56 0.07 9.5 5.9 3.6 38.0 59
EasternUK 29.0 19.8 4.0 3.09 0.33 10.8 6.0 4.8 42.5 150
SouthEastUK 34.4 21.4 2.6 1.78 0.30 12.1 6.0 6.1 46.5 145
SouthWestUK 31.1 21.3 1.9 1.26 0.36 10.0 6.1 3.9 42.2 90
Scotland 38.0 20.7 1.6 0.58 0.29 7.9 4.1 3.8 39.2 64
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government.
2
1 IntroduCtIon
In2006,Flanderslaunchedtheplan‘FlandersinAction’whichaimstostrengthenFlanders’econo-micandinnovativepotentialtoturnitintooneofthetopEuropeanregionsin2020.Today,Flandersisaprosperousregion.However,thisdoesnotguaranteethatthesamedegreeofprosperitycanbeacquiredinthefuture,astheEuropeancountriesandregionsarefacingmanychallenges,suchasglobalisationandtheshiftofindustries,climatechangeandchangingmigrationpatterns.Eachofthesecountriesandregionswillhavetorespondtothesechallengesintheirownway.
Thistextisnotathoroughanalysisofthesocio-economicsituationoftheEuropeanregions.Rather,itaimstodetectthoseregionsthatareyetastepaheadinthedevelopmenttowardstrulyinnovativeregions.ThisdocumentthuswantstodepicthowFlandersispositionedincomparisontothose‘ex-cellent’regions.IntherecentpasttheResearchCentreoftheFlemishGovernmentalreadydidsuchexercises1.Thisanalysisisanupdateofthedeterminationofthebenchmarkregions,basedonthemostrecentdataavailable.Asaresult,thebenchmarklisthaschangedslightlyincomparisonwithpreviousanalyses.Onthebasisofinnovativeindicatorsthebenchmarklistnow2consistsof:
DenmarkBaden-Württemberg
BayernThe Basque Country
Midi-PyrénéesOost-NederlandWest-NederlandZuid-Nederland
FinlandSweden
North West (UK)Eastern (UK)
South East (UK)South West (UK)
Scotland
1 E.g.‘FlandersOutlook-Whatisthesocio-economicpositionofFlandersintheEuropeoftheRegions?’,December2008.
2 Withrespecttopreviousanalyses,Midi-PyrénéesandOost-NederlandhaveenteredtheselectionandHessenandEastMidlands(UK)havedisap-peared.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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utlook_2100328-Recto-2-S
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543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
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1
Content
1 Introduction 2
2 Economic welfare 5
3 Labour market 13
4 Innovation 16
4.1 Prerequisitestoinnovation 16
4.2 Creationofknowledge 17
4.3 Innovationandentrepreneurship 20
4.4 Applicationofinnovation 20
4.5 Intellectualproperty 22
5 Conclusion 23
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71Topsetter© Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004999897969512345
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PDF 1.3Z
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Black Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Cyan Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Magenta Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
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29
Annex 2:Topperformersofthewholesetof131regionsincomparisonwiththeEU27andFlanders
Top region Flanders
Name Value Average EU27
Recent value
2000 Trends
LABOURMARKETINDICATORS
Populationdensity(inhabitants/km²)
1-01-07 BrusselsCapitalRegion 6.405 113 452 439 +
Employmentrate(in%) 2008 Oost-Nederland 78,3 65,9 66,5 63,9 +Employmentratepeopleaged55-64(in%)
2008 Sweden 70,1 45,6 34,3 25,6 +
Unemploymentrate(in%) 2008 ProvinciaAutonomaBolzano
2,4 7,0 3,9 4,3 +
Long-termunemploymentrate(in%)
2008 Westösterreich 0,4 2,6 1,4 1,7 +
ECONOMICINDICATORS
GDPperhead(in€PPS) 2006 Luxembourg 63.109 23.624 27.859 23.693 +Labourproductivity(in€PPSperworker)
2006 Luxembourg 93.497 52.884 68.507 59.910 +
Numberofjobs/peopleaged15-64(in%)
2006 Luxembourg 99,9 66,7 61,7 59,8 +
Shareofpeopleaged15-64(in%)
2006 Slovakia 71,8 67,0 65,9 66,2 -
Unitlabourcost 2004 SevernaiiztochnaBulgaria
2.777 29.315 41.488 36.958 -
Disposableincomeperhead(in€PPSbasedonthefinalconsumption)(1)
2006 Hamburg 23.144 n.a. 16.548 14.864 +
INNOVATIVEINDICATORS
Shareofhighlyeducatedworkers(in%)
2008 BrusselsCapitalRegion 49,1 26,8 37,0 32,0 +
Shareofadultpopulationinvolvedinlifelonglearning(in%)
2008 Denmark 30,2 9,3 7,6 6,7 (2) +
TotalR&Dexpenditure/GDP(in%)
2006 Baden-Württemberg 4,28 1,86 2,10 2,22 -
BusinessR&Dexpenditure/GDP(in%)
2006 Baden-Württemberg 3,46 1,16 1,39 1,69 -
GovernmentR&Dexpenditure/GDP(in%)
2006 Berlin 1,11 0,27 0,21 0,16 +
Shareofworkersinknowledge-intensivesectors(in%)
2007 Baden-Württemberg 21,6 10,0 11,4 12,4 -
Shareofworkersin(medium)HTindustry(in%)
2007 Baden-Württemberg 18,1 6,7 7,6 8,6 -
ShareofworkersinHTservices(in%)
2007 CommunidaddeMadrid
6,7 3,3 3,8 3,8 0
Shareofworkersincreativesectors(in%)
2008 Île-de-France 54,9 38,2 42,6 40,9 (3) +
Numberofpatentapplicationspermillioninhabitants
2004 Zuid-Nederland 579 110 157 128 +
(1) data for some regions are lacking (2) 2002 instead of 2000 (3) 2001 instead of 2000
Source: Eurostat, Research Centre of the Flemish Government.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3S3
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3S1
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Black Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Cyan Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Magenta Verso-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
Flanders outlook 2010A RENEWED BENCHMARKING OF FLANDERS AMONGST THE EUROPEAN REGIONS
February 2010
Research Centre of the Flemish Government
Coordination
ResearchCentreoftheFlemishGovernment
Graphic design
DepartmentoftheServicesfortheGeneralPolicyCommunicationDivision
PatriciaVandichel
Responsible publisher
JoséeLemaîtreStudiedienstvandeVlaamseRegering
Boudewijnlaan30,1000Brussel
PrintingAgencyforFacilityManagement
DigitalPrinting
Filing number
D/2010/3241/026
Edition February2010
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−4−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−6−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−8−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−10−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−12−−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−−14−−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−−16−−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−−18−−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−−20−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−22−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−24−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−26−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−28−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−30−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG 0BCMYCMCMYCMYBCMYslurCBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurMBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCYCMYCMYBCMYslurBBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYslurCBCMYM 20Y 80BCMYslurYBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurBBCMYMYCMYCMYBCMYBCMYC 20C 40C 80BCMYBCMYM 20M 40M 80BCMYslurCBCMYY 20Y 40Y 80BCMYslurMBCMYB 20B 40B 80BCMYslurYBCMYCMYslurBBCMYCMY
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PDF 1.3S3
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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PDF 1.3S1
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71Topsetter© Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004999897969512345
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20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71Topsetter© Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004999897969512345
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20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3U
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71Topsetter© Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004999897969512345
uncal.
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20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
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PDF 1.3Z
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
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Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Black Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Cyan Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Magenta Recto-2-Sheetwise (front and back) Yellow
543210-1-2-3-4-5Positivplate: reduce energyPositivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
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−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
PDF 1.3S4
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3S3
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3S2
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3S1
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3V
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3U
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3Z
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
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$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3X
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
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20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3CMYB
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
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$[SR] lpi Heidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg Prepress
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01/28/10 14:07:20
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig001Work-and-turn0001#FB 001-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Work-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn BlackWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn CyanWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn MagentaWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow
32
Flanders outlook2010
Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering
Fla
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s_O
utlo
ok_2
1003
28-W
ork-
and-
turn
-1-W
ork-
and-
turn
-
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 3 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 4 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 6 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 7 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 8 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 9 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 10 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 11 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 12 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− B = B −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 14 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− C = C −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 16 −−−−−−−−−−−−− M = M −−−−−−−−−−−−− 18 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Y = Y −−−−−−−−−−−−−− 20 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 22 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 23 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 24 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 25 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 26 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 27 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 28 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 29 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 30 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 31 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 32
Prinect CS−4i Format 102/105 Dipco 4.5c (pdf) © 2008 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG0 B C M Y CM CMY CMY B C M Y slurC B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CY CMY CMY B C M Y slurB B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y M 20 Y 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurB B C M Y MY CMY CMY B C M Y B C M Y C 20 C 40 C 80 B C M Y B C M Y M 20 M 40 M 80 B C M Y slurC B C M Y Y 20 Y 40 Y 80 B C M Y slurM B C M Y B 20 B 40 B 80 B C M Y slurY B C M Y CMY slurB B C M Y CMY
PDF 1.3S4
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3S3
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3S2
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3S1
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3V
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3U
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3Z
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3X
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi
PDF 1.3CMYB
Processcontrol 2540 - 2540 dpiElectra KPG
0204 Ver.: 6.71 Topsetter © Heidelberger Druckmaschinen 2004 99 98 97 96 951 2 3 4 5 uncal.
cal.
20 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80
$[SR] lpi Heidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg PrepressHeidelberg Prepress
$[ScreenSystem]$[DotShape]
01/28/10 14:07:20
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$[DotShape]
01/28/10 14:07:20
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Flanders_Outlook-2100328--Sig001Work-and-turn0001#FB 001-ImposeLowResPDF-Single
Work-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn BlackWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn CyanWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn MagentaWork-and-turn-1-Work-and-turn Yellow
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5Positivplate: reduce energy Positivplate: increase energy
Media Production-Platel Control Target • Thermal-CTP • Creator: Andreas Gembe • Version 2540 dpi • 3x3 Pixel • Reference-Screening 200 lpi • Version 1.06 R2540P3 • 1•2003 • for internal use only
Papier:880,0 x 630,0 - Proef:2010-01-28T14:07:20+01:00 - Plaat:$[PlateDate] - Black - Cyan - Magenta - Yellow