21st Bomber Command Tactical Mission Report 40, Ocr

8/6/2019 21st Bomber Command Tactical Mission Report 40, Ocr

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, i ~ ~ C T E D tI Byllut ..n [+y ,rC.G 1\;.:. Alr Force

j ~ ~ ' ( t _ ~ ~

UISSION _NO . 40FlO WN U "AI< 19"

COpy NO .l 0 a

HEADQUA.RTERSXXI BOMBER COMMAND

APO 114

_ uAtii


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1.H.B l i l

FORmanTbe lncend1D.ry nir;ht .tto.ck of 10 Much IP4ti on Tokyo. the rep or t

of Which r o l l o ~ . , embodied II. comPlete cbrunge or tuotlc. for the XI IBomber COlDlllrun4..Prior to th h o.tto.ek, ul l at r i kes hP.d be en pla.nned fA high_level,prool.loft effort . . The desired r esul t . hud not been obtained, however,aince in 0. grea t many instances !ldvarae weo.ther oondl t iona hnd prevented vlauo.l bombing. A ,tudy of r o.diCo.lly different tact lc . WUB made,r ea ultin in II. plan to r l ow- level . lncendlo.ry o.ttaoks , I t wna believedthat the followin g o.dvo.nto.ges would r esul t l1. Better W e o t h ~ L C ! W A 1 - l l i M . : At lO'lleT c.lt1tudes , winds ot 2S to

35 knots, 11.8 oompo.r 3.l '1'11! :;,.W t .. 180 knots ut 25 , 000 to 30,000 t u t ,'WOuld ordinarily be enc:lunt{1Tod, I:h\lu mo.!Cing 1 unneceaso,ry to co unter_aot excese1ve drif t by ~ ~ i ~ l n g b o m b l n ~ o p p r o ~ c h e s to runCloud conditions wo'llci also tond to be more favoro.ble at lower alt i tude

..o.rlly be Bet terbet t er U L L R M ~ " ~ I at lOVier altitudes, Scope defin1 tion would ordin.

3. GUAtpr B o Q . . ~ . : EHminat:l.on of the climb to hl gh leve lsplul the flLct that fcrrno.tiorBwould not be flown at night would r llllu l tin dec r easod fuel conB"lmption ar.d t h e r e ) . ~ o r o llll"ger bomb lOll.ds. I naddition , i t WII.B bei!.ovl:ld that nigr.t bombing would permit dispensing~ t h al l ~ u n i t i o n e x ~ e p t that for the ta i l guns . The e l im i na tionof thla weight would "also inorease the potentinl bomb loo.d,

4. ~ ! A l 1 9 _ J : ! l l ) 1 : . Q . V B ~ ~ Q . Q . ~ Low- l evol fly ing WIUI ex_pected to put l ess strnin the engines o.nd to faci l i ta te the prob.le.m of mCl.intenanoe ,5. Greater Bgmbing A c c u r a c ~ : Errors in bombing were expeetedto decrease as 0. result of the lowering of thG bombing altitude Although low- altitude attCl.cks would ordinCl.fily incroll.se the probabil-i ty of losles al II. result of enemy actioc. the miesions ~ u l d beplanned to reach J apan o.t 0. time whon i ts defenses were least effec t ive. The fnot t hat the enemy had not as yet developed an effiC i entn ight f ighter was an importCl.nt consider ation ,

Although night bombing wou ld be new for a great many B_29cr ews , 0.11 cr ews bad had experience in night navigation on previousmissio ns.

To take advantage of t he surprise element i n the planni ng , fourlepar ate targets G ~ e selectod for attncks eve ry second night in ord.er to prevent. IlS far M r o s s ~ " b l e the enemy from set t ing up effoctivel O' - level defenses. Targe";s selonted wore the urban ll.reas of Tokyo,Nagoya , Osaka and Kobe. N ~ g o y a was lCl.ter made the target for aond at t ack , tho f i f th and las t of this ser iss ,Th e f i r s t mission against Tokyo was planned o.t an attaok al t i tude of 5000 to eooo f ee t so that maximum eff eot of enemy automo.tio

weapons Gnd barrage bo.lloons cou ld be avoided , Pickod crews, des i gnated as pathfinder crews, were to mark tho aiming points , Bombingwas to be by individual aircraft , with each pl ane using radar II.ppro_o.ches and making visual cor roc t ions, if possible,I t is noteworthy t hc.t th e ob j ect of these atto.Oks wa s W tobomb indiscr iminate ly civi l i an popUla t i ons. The Objec t !n ! to des-troy the indqstrial s tr ato '1 ' targets oonoentrated in the urbanareas of these f our ma jo r Japaneso oi t i es.

.HB .U


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IEADQUAATERSD I BOWEll OOI.!WJfD

APO 234.

TACTIC;.L U!SSIc. R!POR'I'Pleld O!>4tr Ro. 43 lUuIon 110. 40

Tar-pt l Urban.,\reo. or

10 Wo.rch 1945

T ~ b 1 e of Content_

'I'a.otlcII.1 IUJ'lI.tlve ExhIbl t TargiSt Chart Ezh1bIt RAdar No.v ' gntion Chart Jo.pa.nExhib i t Ro.dar Scepe Photo_

i.zmex A

J.nnex 8

Ope ro.tions Exhl hi t Tra.ck ChartPar t I _ No.vigntlonPar t II BotIc':'ng Por t I I I _ Pli ght Engineer i ngPo.r t IV Radar Par t V - Gunne::-y Par t VI _ Air_S on Rescue Exhibit - Air_Sao. Rucllo l.Io.p

.. TIeo.ther

Plll"t I - "'enther SWl'lDlory

Par t II _ Chll.rt - ForecnBt Wen ther VBOb8erved WentherPar t I I I - Prognostio Uo.pPnrt IV - Synoptic lfup 1i.nnex C COllUllunicntions

. . . . .xDP(t!"t I _ Ro.der Countor },letUlurc8Par t II - C.)nOllunic nt lol15 ( R:l.dio)In tel l igenc e Par t I E:1OJI.y Air Oppositio nPar t I I - Ant lo.irornft nnd

A l r ~ t o - ~ l r Bombing

Par t I I I _ Bomb i ng Result8 and DII.mD.ge

ABs ell .!llIent . . .Ann&x E Consolldll.ted Stat i s t ioa l Summnry J.nnox P XXI Bomblrt' COlllmD.nd Field Ord erl Annex G - Distribution . . .

A-2 Section

11011121311


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(5) Ounnetyl(See Annex P ~ r t V, for detail . ) "0~ n n . r y wa. e.,loyed ~ & ~ i n s t th e enemy on this ai ion With the exoeption of ~ p r o x 1 m n t e l y 500 rounds f i r . d .oae l e ~ c h l i ~ h t

(6 ) e i r - S e ~ ae.cuel{S.e knnex A. Part VI, for dotnll ' ) 'Pour 8 ~ 1 P ' . ditohed, with a to tnl of 40 lurviYor. b e i n ~ picked UP., . 'fta,tborl: (See ..:.nnex B, for DetOoill) J.lthoush the foreOD.t wn. COod, wea thor between 30 doSreo. north and 34 do&reel northmuoh aore .evere froQ for.onst. Wia" .ere hiSblr than forecn.t .WOnther oonditions nt bOoses w.re sood for both tQke-off nnd 10.ndiO&.h. Cp!!ll!ll.lnicg,t..12.o.lJ.

(1 ) Counter ~ o . l u r e l r . ( S e e Lnnex C,d'to.lls) . No o f f e n s ' ; r ; : : - ~ O B W o r e employed.indioated t h ~ t the J apanese ho.ve 10-cm equipment nnd nref ni r advll.nbse.

PArt I , forThe ',Ql'cbuling i t to

(2 ) C9!lll!ll1DicP.tioDh :(S!! i.nnex C, Pnrt II , for deto.ll.)J ~ 1 n g WOos reported on 0,11 Itr ike fr equencie.. Discipline Wl.S goodby the 73rd 314th Wings . The 313th W i ~ repor te d secur1ty UDInti .factory and thnt corrective nction 1. be1ng token.

1. Intel11cfJnoq Si'TTG'Y!(1) Enemy Air Oppop1tlpn.(See 0, PGrt I , fordetoJl.) Snemy ai r opposition was we ik, 74 enemy fighter. mak1ag40 ctto.ck No B_29'. were lost or d n m ~ e d due to enemy nircraf tnotion. Rick wnl r.ported n. firing who.t o.ppeared to be 3 7 ~ traceror inoendiary QIMIunition. No olr.1.ma nso.inst onaftly o . i r c r . r t ware l I I ~ e . (2) Enemv qnti _gircr, ttt(See Annax D. Pnrt II , fo r

de t dh ) Two B_29's were loat o.nd 42 were danul-ged by nnti -nircraf t .Bnsed on ROM in tercept s , i t is bel i eved that the enamy hnd ear ly1fn.rnins of the o.tt:lok. I nteMa and Iloouro.te flAk 'Willi reportod in tb&nroo. and from ship. in Tokyo BIlY . Howover , nnt1- o.i rcrn t t t i re .diminished in firo po'WOr and accuracy all each succeeding plane inover the ~ r Se a rchlighta 'WOre reported of! ective a t tbl I tar tof raid. but beco.me less efhotlve. TholO on .hips in the Bs.y werereported o.a very aocurate. Some colored benms were reported.

(3 ) Bsxnbin, R\?Iult, god DOGOn .j.uesQqntl ( S.e Mnu D.Part III . for detAl llI) . . Interpretation of photographs obtained on11 Maroh 1945 01l8el8ed Yi8i bl e damago at '40,146,000 square feet, or15.8 .quare mil ea of oity o.reo. destroyed. Eightee n por cent of thei ndu.trial 63 per cent of tho commeroial distriot8 were destroyed,&long with the heart of the r e8idential district . In Inc end1ary ZoneHo. 1 de.truction to taled 82 per ce nt. Twenty. two industri a l t a r , e tnumberl and many other unldont i f i od industri es wors destroyod or dnm_... ,

12,,;M',e " ' ~ ' 1 .CURTIS E. LeW.rl4aJor G.1nero.l, V , S.l...CO llUllllndinf;


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RADAR NAVIGATION CHART - JAPANTOKYO AREASCALE 110100,000"

- - - - - 13rd. a 3t3th . 16- ln i l101 POint---- 314th. 0- Offset Aiming PointAiming Point No. Wing Ale AssignedI 2/3 of 73rd.

2 1/3 of 73rd . 8 1/30 ' 313th.34

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21 3 of 313th.All of 314th.

A-2 SectionXXI Bomber Command.


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I

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!

MPERIAL

A- 2 SECT ION

CONFIDENTIALAPPROACHES TO TOKYOAC TUAL SCOPE PHOTOSLOW ALTITUDE lABOUT 7000 FT.)

10 MILE SWEEPOVER TOKYO

URBAN AREA

20 MILE SWEEP

20 MILE SWEEP

XXI BOMBER COMMAND.. .. .. .. I.. .. ________ ....__ _ . . ! 9 T i o I EItGR ",V I'! ToPO eo


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11111

A

EXhibit _ Traok Cho.rtpart I - NavigatIonpar t I I - BombingPart I I I - Flight Englneor1n.gPart rv - RadarPart V - Gunnery~ r t VI - Air-Sea ResouoExbibit - Air-Sea Roacue K&p

Mission

10 }laroh liJ4S


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: I" I .: i- t[\H---t-+-+-+-H----#(1...j:/:::.--t---I---J--!----j ""55'-'-.- '-'--O-'--,--'!ATE 1011 . . . 48: 1 o ~ . 1..;.1 : ; , ~ : : .... , ... .

j ) V ' ......... l C ' I ~ " , ; " , : , , , ~ , , f---,'tJ " ,nr / ,

f : 1 IH t - - t 1 - - f - ' ' ' ' ' . ! ] . I ~ ~ ' ' ' "

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lH . I !. ! 1

PART I - NAVIGATICN1. Tho t o Hon shu wa s made a t al t itudes f t b fraa1000 to 5 000 f eet , a . a r esult of whio h D&vigatol'1 had oonsiderablediffioulty in obta in ing oe l est ia l Toad i ngo booausc of excelsive

aloud OOVDr a nd t ur bul enoo enoounto r ed .2. l WO re foroed t o r ely on Lo r an and metr o wi nd. . .a baois for thei r do ad e o k o n l ~ g Loran r ango was exoept i onally

ood, with CllLny fix e s baing obte. lne d on the oou t of Honshu . Theroute was pl e.c.ned with i n 30850 m1108 of tho Ilanpo Shoto 181ands ADd.oTora! f ixos we ro obtainod. wi t h tho A}1/APQ.- 13 . 'Hinds to tho t a rgotarea were s t r ongor ti :an br iofod ' ,ntl navigt.torll who wor e una.bl e to obtain oole s t ia l , radar , or Lo r an f iXos wera b l ~ n u 10 t o ) 0 mi los eastor c ourao. Wnds wo r o br i of od a t 8 0 o a t 15 knots "n d oompute d a t2600 at 40 ~ o t 9

,. The l andf a ll , oonst ini t ia l point , and offse t a i po intwere oas i ly i dent i f ied on the Au/APQw13 . Bomb r u.n.s wo r o s tar ted withradar, wi t h vi sual oorreotion being made in ~ oases .

4. Seve ral of tho e.1roraf t whioh made l and fal l a tIIlado no a tt omp t to t urn wost to Tokyo , but bOlDbed Cho ll lturned southwar d t o baso .ChoalPoint Pointand

5. Tho homi ng a i rc r af t wor e Gene ra l ly non--efteot ive , 1tith 8igna.18 r a n g i f r ol'l good t o oompl ete ly jarr.r.Jld . lIavil!; tors hes it atedto us c suoh aids over enomy t er r i t ory whon their r eliab i l i ty WI..doubt fu l a.t best .

6 . Airor a! 't gonera l ly follO',fed a traok 10 3 0 111. 1108 ea s t ot thorouto t o base , ind i oating fai lu r e to oorreot for th e . trongwest winds exper i enoet! on th o r outo t o the ta r get .7. Timos t o tho t ar t;et aToragod 7 hour s and 15 minut e s . wi t h

to tal time bo ing 14 ho ar s and 10 mi nut es . Beoause of t ho great or distanco trom. Gun lll. to tho ta r get . timo for the ~ t h Wng airo raf t aver age .. an additiOllll l 25 minutos t o tho targe t and 50 mi nuto s t o ba se .(For dota i l s of t ho navi gation on th is mission l eo ohart preoodi ngth h r epor t . )

PART II - SQABI NG

1. 'Vea thor was ol ear ovor t argo t . Tho f i r s t a i r or af t over th et a r get had DO t r oub l o i n loc at ing tho a imi ng pointa and tho i r bombsst arted f i res by moans of wh ioh l at or a i rcraf t wo r e able to looa t ot he a. i ming points , ovon t hough t hoy f l ew thr OUGh heavy smoko. The73r d and 3l3th '11ngs ' bombs oOlnp l oto l y out the a iming po ints ,o.nd l o . r ~ o.rens around them, whi l e those 'Of th O) 31 4-th Wng hi t t he i ro.im1ng poi nt , but mnny untouched ar ons ware l e f t r o u n d i t .

2. ThO pr imary difficul t i es enoounte r ed on t hi s missi on r e. ul t -ed f r om the sevar o ' encount er ed bythe 'ai r cra.f t overt he t This w::.s to hellt from the f i re , ' a lready Gtnrte4.., S. y_et al fires outoide of ta.rge t o.rea ( Inoendiary Zone #1 )-14-


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.!! l ! !!

abo OG.llud. troublo 1111100 a numbe r at a.i rc raf t r e le . .e . thei r b- .bI .b e l l thoy we r e doing so on tnol r aiming point .

,. Throe bombing a l t i t udes wore used, tho lowest boin& SOOO to5800 f ee t . Tho 313th '.'fing whioh b01nbod a t thil l a l t i tude repo r te d the

e B t amount of f lak dr.mego to the i r alTere.ft yet sustained on anyrUssion.4. I t WIle found t hat tho B-lO shaoklo causod many r e l e aso faU"

uro a of 1 ~ 4 7 - A 2 olus te r s . In futnTo mill s tone only B-7 shaokles w111be used with this typo s t ~ r

a . LaH A l ~ ! t u d o (1) Tho i n l t ~ o l a r uba wile flown as individua l 8.1Nraftby tho th roo ' r ings who par" ioipatoJ in t h i s rr.ission .(2) No attempt was mnde to ass omb lo clemonts of gr oup.duri ng ent i r e mission,

b. fllrnb tc Bomping A l t ~ ~ u d ~ : Tho time roqu i rod to olimb to0. bOll\blng a l t i tudo cf 7000 to 5000 :('or.:t vor"J short . tho averagefo r 0..11 a i r e rnr t bcing cnly 11 miulltes.

o. Cruiso to a r g a(1) Tho oruiso ovor tho tnrgot wn s aooompli shod a t 230mph oa libratod nil ' t'pood as phoned w H h ~ J . t !!1 ( 'n oul ty .(2) A wide var ia t ion in power sett ings wa s used . but

23 00 RFt! nnd 39 u !.lallit'old P.t 'ossure was t ho axerago power se t t ing usodovo r the t arge t n r c ~ .

d. Roturn to Bal1:c:. In noarly all oascs tho r oturns to baSewor e made a t 7000 tr.: vcooroo t unt ' l l o.pp't'oximat;o ly one hour from thobaso whoro l (!tdOll'lls a t a,proxinu:,to:"y 100 feot pe r minute wtlre made .In oomparison to p r o v i o u ~ rnisBionl1: , wne r o r eturns ~ e r o mnde from2.5 . 000 feot nnd o.hC'v':t, tho :lVorag') fuel used to r e turn from tho ta r got on t h i s missioll a"i; 7000 t.o 8000 root was only approximato l y 12.5gallon s more.

2. Commonts on Results of Mission,ll. Tho 73r d Wi ng carr ied the greatost aVl;lrago bOlab l oad:13 . 880 pounds . All air-::reft of th is vtir:g ._ carr ied the maximum oapao

i ty bcmb load of 184 eaoh of tho 1147 ir.oondittry or 40 eaoh of 1::-28inoendiary bombs.b . The avorage fuel uead to tho ta r got wae a6 planned f or

a l l Wings .

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I

o. Tho lI....oro.ge fu ol r Ole r VUI to r a l l W1n&. were in OUOot 1000 &11oas . Thill 'll'US flOI!I.owhat h i ~ h o r than ant ioipated. 1ndioat1n& tha t on subsoouont milsiOils of th is type ~ o l l . t . r bomb 10&41_, bo oar r ied. -

d. A ma.rkod improvomont in eng11!e oporo.t1on was not i ood.by f l i ght o n g i ~ o o r & on ~ h l c miusion . Ttds WU6 in a l l probabi1it,4ua to the 0001 outs ida a ir t e ~ p G r l . t u r e s a t night and tho low powers o t t l ~ thn t we r o roqu!rod by th is of mission.

a. For vort ioal plo t , fuol c ons umpt ion, and bomb load,aeo Chart A-.b. For oomparison of pc.l t S miBsionl with th is one , 100

Oba.1'1; - B"'....

1. AN/AN-13.:(I . . Approx1mato ly 2/3 of tho IItriking foroo droppod oxolusivoly by r o.dor .b. All n o . v i ~ t l " . n avor one=y t e r r i tory was by r adar . Wnddotormino.tlon WD.S di f f iou l t I l o. :,/


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..+_-!-i.!i......... 0\1I

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"

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20000BOMBLOAO /Sooo( ,ss . ) 10000

5"000o

i ; ii i i ! i . !\ 1 l:r:::r: .: .: r'''', i 1 : I !_. 1' . l " - ~ - ' t " - r . 1-r"--- .jHY j {I/N'cr ; ! . . 1.. t = 1 = : . ..........................- ..............i $ 1 3 ~ ; j W # ~ ' } ; , 4 ~ W I N ' ~ !; , : . Ij 1 1 :1~ - ; ; : ; -- - , j 1

BOMB ! i ; ' ~ l . .... ..- . - t ~ I I _.[' _ ....... .25'000 .." . ...... .. ..... ............ t .......... ..., . ...... . ,; ; a,.,'A'\ I............l..".......L.........t.. =i.,..:\.\.. ~ , . I I .. . ..t . ,t.... . ..! l

: ; ; : : ! . : t + J j ~ I=i=4LTlTU()[ZOOoo(FEET)I -. : : ; ; , :I ; A7r3 P i! ; iii/2 00 , .. il,\j+ ..... ....-f ... -+ ...F(!EL : J t ' , \ f ! / i fRESERVE 117170 ....... . ! 7/:. ",' ..;... 1''''1''' ' '

"A) , f l ? ~ , , - Q . . ", i{V l iON, 800 "l::1 ( : .. i: .600 t ~ - t - I - - - t - - .. 1--1.-1--- .4'00 , ,

SPREAO 16tJo ............1.........L ...j ...........f ...1..j- ..\ ........., / I NL 12co ~ ........ - . ~ ...-....... t.- ....-.-.! .....,....t....-....l----.. ....-..-!...-.- ...ruc . j i l l ...1 1nE( RII.- i ' ' .. ' , iI( .JE 't SOO .... ..p ..:..... . ......,.. . , ...... .. ..... 1 .......(vROUP5) , J H ~ ' ; i l'''''i ............L. : ....

100 ,, .-,i+- . + . - ~ , .. - .. . - ~ .. ..--.. .! ' 1 I 1TARGETPATE

o ! I \


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1.011. th i s

PART VI - AIR-SEA E S C U E

Tho fo l l owinglII ission : (Soo

is D. sUmmary of ditohing i !lo i dont s oc DurringAi r - Sell R080UQ UD.p f ollowing th is r epor t . )

n . Air')r a f t No . 7\'759: J1Jth \'f1ng- -'l'hls nirClraft ditohedo.t 7 / I ~ - 145/38E a t }OOJ45 Z. Tho orow of 11 wa s l g h ~ o by aDur.\bo a t loo725z v.nd a l l wor e ros{'\uod at 101130Z b; ' th o tondor Be r ingS trl l i t .b. Airc r a f t 19V757: 313th W ng--T h1:5 di tch i ng ooo ur ro d.

a t l8 /00N - 145/15E D.t 09223 8Z a lonc s i do th o t onder Bo r ing St ra i t andtho ont i ro o r Ql': of 8, in nd1i t ion to ono pu'lsengor , wa s resoued in 18minutos .

o . Ai ror a f t no. 25V527: 314th 171ng- -ThiB p1o.no was l us tr opor ted nt 22/00rl _ 147/30E nt 09221;.4Z . Elovon sl lr vivors wer e s igh t od nt 22/2Jtll - 146/19E a t 102233Z. Tho DUS-18 (c i no SYfoopor) was noti-fiod of t h i s o.nd sont be-o!>; , oot inlD.t ed o.rrivn l t imo Il t thn t pos i t i onat 11 0700Z . Rosouo of tho 11 8u rv i v ors w ~ s mado by t ho c i no swoeperbo twoon 11 0700Z and 111211Z .

d. li o . 44V759 : 31J"th di to h ing woos 1'0-p or tod nt 19/10N - 145130E nt 100145Z . TrJ oc mon did not 8urvivo thod i t oh i ng . Tho n ino r oa ohed th o beaoh of Pll j ar is Is land,ma do oont ao t w it h 0. soaroh plllnn , a.nd TIe!"o not i f i e d thc.t a s h ip wouldpiok thorn up i n ono hour . Rosouo '-ms of foc tod ut 1108 00Z by t ho t unda r Cook ' s Inl o t .

2 .wor d wns On t hi s mis s i on th or o ra ra 7 plnno s from wh ich nor oooivoG . For t ha t no s cu roh oould bo i n st i t u tod .

-1 9 -


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11 lII.1 I

1 - WentberII Chart .. P'OJ'ltoo.et va .. Observed. Wel1ther

III .. Prognostic MapIV .. SynoptiO Uo.p

Wl8!loD No. 6010 I.!o.roh 1945

..21-

.l . l l l! l i l


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J l i J l J lI 't!EQTHE8

1. h lO i CLt Take-0Ct.1 4/10 CUlllu lu . , b aae s 1500 tee t , topa.000 f eet . Visibility 15 miles.2. Soute Botwo en bases nnd 30 de&ree. northl 4-5/ 10oumulul ~ ~ d c t r n t o u m u l u ~ . b a s ~ s 1500 f eet, tops 5 -6000 with

""iddy sco.ttl'lred l igh t shO'll'ers . B ~ t w e e 24 end 27 de gr e u north theal oud Cover i no r oasert to 8/10 with an incrense i n shower nct ivi ty,Vieibi l1 ty WOoS 15 miles d:"opplng to 1 mile 1.n Tllin,

b. B o t w o ~ n 31 and 34 degrees north: There were 10/10 cumuluatUIod n r ntooumulu8 wi th 2-3/10 cU!!',uloni nbuB, Scr.ttered thundersto rm .and mode r ete icing und turbulence Vfflre reported . Visibil i ty WIlS zeroin modero.te to he :tvy ro.ln. There ~ r G numerous reports of St. Elmo'st i r a ,

3. 3/10 stro.tocumulul , b o . s ~ 3000 t eet , tops 5000 feet .l f l l l reported. The top of the hn,:G I nyer over the tnrget wns nt 7000toet . Visibi l i ty wns 10 mil ea be ing reduced as l ow nB toro in smoke.Smoke WIl.S observod be l lowing up over the target nrell. to 23 , 000 feet.SevereturbulencG wns roported over the f i res with pIanos bei ng bounoedupward 2_3000 f ~ b t , over the bombed ~ r e I l . B . ~ i n d nt 7000 feet werer eported ns 260 degrees Il.t 40 knota .

4, Route Returning! The same wenther wnl enoountered onthe route outgoing,

5, !A'GS on Return! 5/ 10 cumulu., bases 1800 f ee t. topa 6000teet . Visibil i ty was 15 mi l es,

6. fo re cast wns cons idered ~ o o d except thnt weather between30 d e ~ e e s north nnd 34 degrees north wns conside r nbly more sever ethan f o r e c B t . and wind. were higher thnD t ho se for acnst .

_22-.Hi. Q .Il111


27/60

30,00025,00020,00015,000 -V:;O Ac10,000 c:- -- - - -=::>5000 J j / ' ' ' l 6 A > ~ S e r-

SURFACE (

9- /0 MARCH /94-5, I " F ~ ~ C A l T W I ~ ~ . I . "---.... ...-,.-

~ o A s k "'""> c:::;, c:::? c::>t- - _ _ r . L=L --- I--- -( " " ' " " ) ' l " ~ k C d # ~ "2.80"'zQic~ - - u --" - 0 - ' O '. /,U .c. J t ,.. (, q / " ' N A . s ZOrN ZjoN :Jtt'N TA RGfl

30 ,OOC 015 WIATHER25,000 - - - - -20000 ~ O I k 7 i l r I I L ~ IS,oOC I H eW_Gte Ii:.u>j ---10,000 0." ,,f1 ._--5 000 ~ o C V - . - - - - i - ~ ;... - ~ o . t ; ; ~ _ ' r : ~ . . . : C& -SURfA, : : : t ~ B ::-L.--' -=t j -9 J - 8 c ~ ' " l < -- - ,::::-- - . -


28/60

) ,J

--I I; -

r - -'i

I (, " P h O C N O ' - / v MA,v

0 06 0 2 10 M A n /9 .. .5-

I

-,

IWO JIMA

[{O. ' . ..,

"


29/60

IWO MA . L

I


30/60

IloalT

P ~ t I _ ~ d a r ~ o ~ ~ t e r ~ a 8 u r e a Part I I .. C'!clIl1'1l,;.o"Co:t1ona (Radio)

lI1J.wn No iC!Ie J4,.rcb 1945

_zo ..


31/60

U ; .!111li Ir,n 1 - MDiJl CO\lNTEB MWVBES

1. G!U[Qlla. Two llCu .oarch c.i r o n t t putlOipa.tod in nnd oompleted th i .

m1'aion., S' OJ'oh WILl performed f or enemy t r ClnlnUuiQn8 1n the troquonoybanda 70-90 mo. 90_120 mo, 120-110 mo. 170.300 me. 300_1000 mo. and1000-3000 mo. Wh ile over th o tnrget. tho eo a.rch WIl. concontro.ted onl oWng radar dgna.lI with high PRP IUld abort pill. . , chara.ctelrh .t ic

b. A total of 51 ligna.la wa.a logged. but after analya!. fo rrepe t i t i on a.nd a.mblgulty . thl& number wna resolved into 30 differentl ignal . , The a.na.lysis included co incid enco of the 81gna.la with enemya.otlon . thoi r possible tra.nsmlssion from particula.r enemy equipmont8.a.nd proviou. i ntercepts ,

o. No offensive countor mea.sutes wete employed,2. Ro,ults of SOgrch l

f ollows I The s i g n ~ l s of t i c u l n r intereat intercepted were

(1 ) ..lLlQO.250ola I Nojlma Zak:l(2) n/2450/S: 0 Shimo.,(3) 78/3000/6 : Ka.tsuro..

These York TA UOdel I I I a i g n ~ 1 5 were present throughout thG r ~ i d overth e target , Th e s i ~ ~ a l s tracked the i r c r a f t at close rnnge, but searched when the aircraf t departed. F l ~ was m o d e ~ a t e in this area, butwas associated with 10 em GL r adtu" loo().ted in this (lJ"Ocz. rnthar than theseeigno.ls .

(4) 195/3000/3 -4: Since flak and searChlights had l i t t l eevidenCe of being r ~ d n r control lad a t point of this intercept, it isdif f icu l t to distinguish whether this signll.l came from the Mdrk 41 -42searchlight control or th e llo.rk Ti. Wode1 4. AJ;!'C equipme nt. Flak w ~ s moderate nnd inacourate nnd predioted c o n o e n t r ~ t i o n which t onds to in -dicate that the signal WQS from the searchlight control equipment . Therewo r e about 100 r c h l i g h t s in the target ar ea . Soma l i ghts we r o point.ed directly at pI nnas when f i r s t tu r ned on, 1 l ight f i r s t piCking up 0.plo.ne , thqn 6 to 8 coning on it. This would in4ico.te scm e use of r adarfor locating o.timuth,

( 5) 200/1200/6 : This aignal in the tnrget o.reo. indiCatedpossiblo Mark 21 operation . a lthough f l ~ WQs n C c u ~ t e to inaccur ate .mso.gor to intense , nnd continuously pOinted .(6) 198/2500/4 : This is believed to bnve been n ahipborner adar of th e York 44 r c h l i g h t control type . The slgnol intercepted south of Choai POint. The antenna wus sweeping a t 2 rpm,(7) 300012000/6 1 This signnl MS much i!!!porto.nce in thUi t 15 one of few 10 cn radar signnls r eceived from the Japanese Empire.The chnrCoctoristics indicate Co probo.b1e 1.Iork 51 . 52 surfnce leo.roh with

0. power of 2kw. No other inforMation i l available. Thi s ligna l woaintercepted in the Kntaura areo. I mnge wal nt 2950 mo and harmonica1460 and 1490 mo .( 8) 301o/hhh/1. 21

area , had a I ~ e o p ro.to of 6 r pm,beam width.,

Thil signal, l ogged in the; lI'ojimn ZakiThe signal waa weak and tu.d 0. narrow


32/60

.U.! l Ii 11

(9) 325/2500/,6-,6: Thi. 10 em a l ~ n ~ l . ~ . oolntodWitb o.OOW'nte AJ.. botwaon l(l.taufc. nncl. Nojimo. Zakl.b. Other algnal l l in the to.rg3t ~ e o . were 0.1 (ollowal

73/1500/'1574.5/1000/3479/U,OO/238 0/1000/34TTc.cklngTro.clcingTr c.clc ln gTrack1ng

The 11gonl. pre.uaably or i ginnted from the Uark ' CHI ' por tnb l e a'archequipment locnted on the npp ro o.ch to Tokyo ovor Nojimn Znkl.0. Slenn10 l o g ~ 9 d on rout. to tnrget:

Ch,r;rnCMrllt1C5

104/-- -/2218S/800.900/S195/800-900/12-1479/300 . 400/36ge/ 200_400/ 2O..s0100/600/13104/800 . 900/14 -1 6109/300- 500/42148/500/11153/250/14156/300 - 4.00/4156/1800/9160/250/10

In tHc ept Lpcg,tiOD

Mlkuro. Jlmo.To Shlll1tlo ShilllO.Soru Go.nllikura. J l mo.BoniMTori Shima.Hc.ehijo JiDo.Hae hi jo J i mOoHaehljo J imo.Tori Shima.Aoga ShimaHaChijo Jimo.

Ec. :rly Wa r ningEc.rly '1lll'ningYa.rk 12Mule CHI 'llarlc 1 !.!odel 1},IodH. 2Karle 1 Wado l 1Modlf. 1Unrk 1 Jiodo 1 1Lfod1f . 1Y : ~ k : II J.J. r Soo.rehM ~ k 34 , 35 ; 2 rpmUC\l'k 34 , 35 ; 2 rpmEarly l'o.rningMark II KPossibly ai r bo r nolhrk VI , lr4oo.e l 4TH

d. Other 8ignals logged on r eturn from targetl10/1400/16152/200-300/41 1 5 / 5 0 7 0 / 6 103/600/16

South of ChosiSouth of Chos!35/00N - 140/50EBo.yonaise Rocks

3. hnnlyD!s nDd Conclusions I

3rpm Swp. JJark I IPOSSibly Uark 34, 35Navy id r S e ~ c h Mark II J.ir Seo.:rch

No D/F ' ing of any signal was possible due to lock of sui t_able equipment, The 1ntcro ,"p t locr.tiona l i s t od are the poe! tiona ofth o airc r o.rt when the signals wer e intercepted.b. By breakdown of the to ta l number of signnls in terc epted onthis mission to e a t i m t e d t ype or enemy equipment , tho f 0 1 1 0 w i r ~ choraD .

ter is t ics may be evolved:Type Eoulp!!l2 nt Fr oQuenoy EB!:.. Pullle WidthIInrk flo. Model 3 75-78 1600_3000 S-aMark 41 , .2 196-200 1000 ' - S21 197- 200 1000- 2500 ' _61lnrk 1 2 166- 200 600 _1000 Siiark 'CHI ' 73-79 500- 1400 23_46lI!'ll'k 34 , 3S 146-156 300-500 4-1 2

-"'-


33/60

.i..Ii .Q lU IO. A .. rch wU l be lBo.lnte.1ned to f ur the r ident i ty and looa.t.addltlona.l data. on t he 1D om bo.nd. !he three )0 om 11,"&1. 4110u841n an nboYe nre the f i re t In te r cept , in th i l wi th pul width andPIP obtnl ned. I n hugU. t 19" a 10 em wall o.t Inubl

Silk! and b e Snk:i . In Sept ember 194 ' a 10 em 8i!Nll n l In tercIlIptedat I o.t.uftl. . Then pr evioul Intercepts ar e 'Tor y ol ol e to tho l ooat lonot tho mad . on thl 1 mil' on. This gi ve , oo nc rete .. dencll th o. tJapaneae hAve )0 om equi pment nnd ule it t o fa ir a d v ~ t o . g e ......FNtt I I .. .CCIt)..'1r.lIC TIOlfS (RADIO)

1, J1rikt Repor t l ! ;. total of 21 . tr1ke o r t s W0.8 t r o.nsm1 t ted.we r e r ecoived by gr ound stotions. h11 wings repor ted uo 1ng thenew Bombs Away r epor t for incnediory type mls,iona.2, Pox I r ansmiog i on,! Th3 usua l wenthe r and time t ioks wo r et r an ' mi t ted on the hour and holf hour . Some Fo x me songeo .ere de l oyedbeCause the ground stotiono wns working ai r craf t at th e op ecif ie d t i me ,Howeve r . tho reports wer e t r ansmitted 1mmedio.tG1y f ollowing tho te r mination of that traff io.3, FrequenCies! Al l Wl ngs repor t ed j amming en nI l s t r ike fr e _queno i es . with l i ght to moderate effectivenesa . .....tmosphar ic i nte r -ferenoe WQI al i ght. The following i s 0. pe r cont age br cnkdown of

pe r t requencYI 22 per cent on 3 ~ o g a c y c l e s S4 pe r c ont on 7 mOgaDyc l es .and 24 pe r cent on 11 mego.cyolos.

4. Nr.vil:ntlonp.) ,;,lda.1 Out of 201 roquute fo r P.F/DF beo.ringl ,1156 'Mtr ll obtainod, Tho r oltll1nlng 35 were not beC(l.use of y..e akaign nls . both o.ircrr. f t nnd ground Ilto.t1on . prio r i ty of urgent request .over n o r c ~ l chock r equosts, in tor f or ence , r c r ~ t operato rs beIng un_able to fol l ow th e ground s t ~ t i o n instructions . and hunting of thoD/i' I n d 1 c ~ t o r ;.11 "'ings reportod using r.ir_to _ .1r hom1ng w1 th goodr esul t s end mnde usa of ~ n g o nnd i s l ~ n d homing devic es . The 314thWng l ~ o r eported us1ng hom1ng fac111tlos offered by 0 dest r oyer neorIwo Jimo ~ 1 t h oxcel l ent r esults.5 . Not 01ec1R11M Ill1d Soc ur i tv : Improvement was noted by the

73r d ond 3H.th ''lings . Tho 313th sl\id that disclpline nnd socuri ty wereuns l\t lsfactory nnd tha t corroctlve t i o ~ w ~ s baing tak en, Tho 73r dreported 2 incid l)nts or aircraf t oper nto:rs lnterr C)ring with nnotM rt r c:.namil'ls i on,6. Enemy TrnnsmiBslons:nnd jwmmlng wore notC)d on this

0. . 3145 kOG :

The following inoident , ofmission I

(1) :. t 1630Z , or. leo.ving the t arget .;!,Teo.. odd ch e.raoters,pr ooigns. by fiv e - l etto r groups wer e r ece ived ~ n d remninod ontho r.l r for one hour .

(2 ) At 0930Z ond l S30Z J c:.p voice Wna mode r nto ly . t f ac tlve.(3) .t 1630Z , s tendy slgno.1 r ece ived dur ing ground s tation ' s wenther t r nnsmlsB10n i neffective ,(4 ) Unknown stntlon l ending during ground I t nt10n trcns .

missio ns nt 16S8Z . l730Z. 17S6Z rund 1903Z.

-..-


34/60

J l l t l i l l

'b. 5051 tee I(1) Alrormlt op erat or. 841d ba gp ipe was r ece ivedlnteralt tefttly th r oughout the mi n i on. U,. ot Q-.Yl to. F il te r- ov. r ..

oam. tba majority of 1t a . rf . otivon (8 ) Intent ional OW i nte rforenc e bet wee n nod 17001.

o. 11080 kOsi CW between l S0 0Z and 1600Z par tial l yott.OUTe_d. 3'10, 7310. 11160. 3990, 7'1 5, and 10810 k0 11 R . ~ 1 1 l b l

7. 01 l t r .", Super -D umboe sent G. di tching o r t ot a 313thWng aircr Q/t rund t hl1 repo r t wns immed i ntely forwurded to t b ~ t hendquo.rte rs . One 314th ~ l n g n.1 r orc.tt wo.s to gs '\ run ur gG nt boo.r illluntil fr equ onc y was chrungod. This nirornf t r equested two ur ge nt bo or_l ng . which were not received. l r te r c h ~ n g i n g rr3quoney. howeve r . thebonr l ng r eceived.

8. EguiPt:lont )la l f unot l on ' , NiI RT - I3, 1 no lid o tone , l oaUbn. ..t10n control l ooso; 1 Inoperc.tlvo , pow er tlbo blew out t wic e l 1 f i xedantennn orf ; t r a i l ing wi r e , 21 inoper a t ive I 10 sticking j 2 we ights l o, t .SCR-S 22 I 2 dynnmotor burned out , 2 sGta 1 Channel 'B 'a.nd '0 ' i noper a t!vG; 1 set bu r ne d out dur ing otI l ectr ical storm hN!;JUf.7,a i nopernt1ve j 3 broke n. RC-36 1 1 j nckbox6 mi cr ophone buttons lnopernt ivo, 3 microphone lI",t t cho9 in ter mi t tent ,1 r p h D n 1 res is t or bur nod out in ~ l i f

- 30 _


35/60

11B. .U ..

um:u.XQIgg

part I .. EDOillf Air OppositiOn.port II -E noay A n t l u i r o r ~ ~ D 4 Air-to-AirBaab1ng .port III _ Bombing Results .. DamAgo Aaaol8m.ont

"hll ion No 4010 Jl:l.l"Oh 1945


36/60

PM T I .. EmtYAIR arras II ON

a . Enomy air oppos i t ion wus woak. Sovonty_four onomyf i ghtors mndo 40 ntto.oks. rio 8- 29 ' 15 woro do.mc.goJ or los t duo toonomy ni rornrt . 8-29 G U r _ ~ o r s mado no o l ~ 1 m ab. Surpri.o was appa ro nt ly aohiovod . Thoro was l i t t leovidohOO of a1r- ground ooordination . Tto o n o ~ pilots in toro opt ingappearod t o havo l i t t lo or no km"'lodgo of night fighting.

2. Trpo of EnOmy Airoraft Atto.okinp;:a . 5-29 orows ~ r o ablo to ~ d o ~ l f y positivoly only 3 oft ho 40 nttnokors . ~ o l u d i n g tho 7 onomy airo raf t that oould not beidontifiod oithor by typo (T!E or SIB) or name , 15 of tho r emaining33 a t t tloks woro mOod". possibly , by twb.- ongino n iro r Qft .b . Tho b r o ~ k d o w n :

No. of Attt:.oksSIt:: u/I 13TIE U/I 9Unidont ifiod 7Possibly Irving 4Tojo 2N ~ k 1Zo1co 1Possibly Jno k 1Possibly Tony 1Twin Boom EIA -.l

TOTAL 403. Enomy .\1roro.ft Sightod . But tlot Attt.oking:

0. . Six aingl o-ongino u n i d ~ n t i f i e d . Qiroro.ft in targot aroa ,6000 to 7000 foot ,b . El ovon singla- ongine unidontif ied airoraft and 1 twin

engino nl rornft at 5000 f oo t in vioinity of Chosl on withdrawal.4. Dirootion o.nd Lovel of At t aoks: . Beoauao of tho smD.ll nuc.borof at t noks no attompt has boon ~ d o to a n a l y z ~ attaoks on Q poroout _ago baais . Two nty-throo of tha 40 nt to.okb .uro mudo from tho t a i lquartor . TWenty- four of tho 40 attaoks woro mad o f r om l ovol . Distri bution of nttaoka on dirootion nnd l ovol ba sis appoa r s on tho ohar t

on tho fo l lowing page,5. Aoouraoy of Enomy Pires. No B- 29 was dumagod nnd/or doatroyod

by anom y a iroraft , as oompnrod to 0% . 0% , 16.5% . 4 .7% . 8 ~ . l 3 . ~ and r oapoot1voly . of d u r n ~ g o d and/or doatroyod by n o ~ ai ror af t on 7 pr ovious mis s ions .

-32-.!!2.B..!l:


37/60

1

1

Direction IUld Level of ;"pprollchof Enemy Aircro.1't

Tota l Numberof At taoks

FRO!! ABOVE 7

FRCI.! BELOW 9

Left7

6. Typo of Pr01aatilo ,: Tho Niak firod 'whu.t lookod l1 ko 37- mmtraoor or inoondia ry ammuni t i on" . Tho i r o r whioh at t ookod 50mi los po.ll t lnnd l s ond 'lrn5 using only l'ilQ.ohino guns. One of tho un i -dontifiod twin- angino airoraft firod 4 fixod gunSl tho othor uni dont i fiod twin -ongino f i g h t ~ firod 6 f i xod guns . A pOllll l blo Jaokwns ropor tod as firing 6 fixod guns .

7. Enomy Taot io s ;n . Booaullo of do. rlcnOll5 durin{; tho stri)ro. thoro is l i t t loto r opor t on tho gpno r al ocploymont of Japanoso a i ro r af t .b . I t appoars that oithor r adar-oqu ipped night fightorswo r o not oxtonsivoly usod or , i f used, wora no t offootivo. Tho at taoks ocourrod whi l o tho B-29 ' s woro illuminatod by firo or soaroh

l i ght s or shortly aft or . s t . Elmo ' s firo from tho propol lor s wnsa moans of di stinguis ing botwoon al roro.ft with dlfforont numbo r ofang i nas . Soco orows beliovod fightors wor o l imitod to vll1ual soarohing Qnd "stumbl od" on our a iroraf t .

o . A ooor dinatod at t aok: wus mado by 2 lIinglo-ongi no fight ors aga inst a B-29-oaught by soa rohli ghts in tho ta rgot aroa . Thoaoairo r af t , in t r an , attnokod from 9 o ' olook l ow. Bro alcnwo.ys oouldnot be obsorvod .


38/60

d. Anotber ai roraft waa t ~ c k o d by 3 a1 ns1e-eD& lnet i ghter. and 1 tw l n- eo! l ne t1ghter . of which 2 uttacked fr om high11 o' cl ook, one t r om 3 o' cl ock , and one t rom a l ow posItI ont r om 12 o' cl ock.6 . .QI.tr Tg.gtlC. va Sopey Ai r crAf t ! Evo.sin o.ctlon WIlS takenIn aome Co.5es by turnIng nod In one I n B t ~ n e . by m b l n g 2500 feetat 300 mph i nd i cated into ' 0. heo.vy cloud bank. Evasive notion takenby .ome o . l r c eonltated of sho.rp S turns nnd diving to lowera.ltl t udea:.9 . loamy llr crp,t t jJi l rkionl

1 Nick1 Possible Jilek1 Zeka

- SLIver colored.- 0111'6 dro.b.Sllvar colo red .

10, Result. of Btts on Enemv 41rcrnf t - None .11. Clai ms - None

..... " ..PART I I - &illRCR;.FT aND bIB- rD.-oIR BOJ$ING

1 . Enemy AntlAlrcrnf t Fire :0. . Bo.sod on ReM inte r cept! . I t 111 o:ppll. rent toot theenemy had 0.0 early warning of th1s attack ,b . F i n t ; /i . wo." encounte r e d en r outo o.t Haho. , Chi chl ,nnd ~ i Y O k o Jima . He nvy flok wo..s generally menge r , Inuccur a.te,di cted concent r a.tion.c . Before la.ndf'c.ll (:SS/OON _ 141/30E) , medium f lak wo."

encounte r e d from s hips by the of the :S13th W ng. I t wa.s repo r t -ed ns genera l ly inaccurate automatic woc.pons f i re . Tra.cers wereobserved long beforo ;.;e were in ra.nge. One shlp f i rod 0. flo.reju" t before opening f i re .

d. From l a . n d f ~ l l towith soc.e heavy ;.fA r&ported.ere.l ly inl.Ccurate .

!P , f lak wo.s t:lostly Crom t:IEIdium Wi . ..I t was meaber to mode r ate , and gen -e . The 73rd Wing crewst inuously pointed heavy f lak fromdamaged by t hi a f i re a t 7000 f t .

reportedships 1n in tense andTokyo Bay. accu r ate , OonOne A/e w u

f . The 73rd Wing bombed the Target Area between l S14-17S8Zf r om 6620-69S0 f t . through 2/10- 10/ 10 und ercas t . Axes of attackwere 2900 -3090 Flak e ncountered was medium and heavy , in tense andaocurate. T'lIEInty-three AlC wor e damaged . One AlC was l os t due tounknown r e asons .

- 34-


39/60

c. The 313t h 'I1D& bcubed the TarS&t Ar && bebrelXl. 1526.18001 trom 5650-8000 ft , through 1 / 1 0 ~ 2 / 1 0 Ilnde r cl,llt , Axis of at t ack.. .. 'Pp roxl mately 305 . Tho in i t i a l elements over Tokyo met gener a l l y acourate bar rago l of modora te i ntenlll1ty . 'filth each lIuoceedint,;el eme nt , the flak was l ea a aocurate and dimi nished in intensityWltll the l a s t planes oVllr the area bombing through the Booke oft he f i res below were n ~ b l e to observe any AlA f i re , Nine Ale sut f ered minor f lak damage.

h. TM 314th W ng bombed Tokyo bounn 1507- 1759Z f r om~ 0 0 - 9 2 0 0 f t , through 2/10 undercut, Axel! of at tack W9re2100 -340 . F lak encountered was medium and heavy. meager to i ntenae ,and &courate to inaooura.te, Ten Ale were dama.ged by f lak . 1 of'Whi oh was la ter lost to survey , Two A!e were loet to flak , and 6Ale we r e l ost to unknown Causes , Crews reported obse rvations ot 7Jle being shot dO'lm ove:- the target , presumably by flak ( One of t bueappears to be a duplication).

i . The w i ~ d over the ta rget wa8 variously repor ted asf rom 2200-3100 a t lS-60K.j . En r oute baok . a l l A!e r eported heavy and medium f lak

.. !eneral ly m e ~ g e r and inaccurate . Flak was reported near !aSumiga Lake, At Chosi Point s o ~ e intense , inaccurate predicted conoentrations of heavy flak were reported, The crew of Ale 484 (S04thGr oup) f l ying app roximate ly 7 miles west of Haha Jima saw an unlcnownpl ane braCketed by 4 searchlights and then shot down .

k . The searChlights were reported effective a t tbe beginning ot the raid . They picked up targets and passed theu from l ightto l ight . Gun f i re was reported as aCcurate on A/e tracked by sea r cblights . A!C not illuminated by searchlights were not fired upon.Some colored beacs were reported, A3 the raid progressed. the searchl ights became progressively 10s8 and le88 effective , -searching theaky wildly and o r r a t i c a l l y ~ . Searchlights abOard ships in Tokyo Baywere repo rted o.a very accurate ,

1. An estimate ot the number and location of search l ightsh as follows:

Loclti2D(I ) .Ch ib , Peninsula j

{a) Kisaruzw (3S/24N - 139/55&)(b) A n e g ~ s a k i \35/ 2SN _ 140/02E)(c ) Ooi (35/3lN _ 140/05E)(d) !Johara ( 3 5 / 2 S 1 ~ - 14o/,isE)(e) (35/15N - 140/l0 S)

(2) South TokyO:( a) Haneda (35/33N - 139/45)

(3)(a) West s hore of Tokyo Bay , aroundPalace, and tho No r thwestern part of ci ty

Number

"140

the Emperor"50 .100(b) Ring around outer edge of ci ty 100

- 36 -

.l!1


40/60

,

' 1 ~ B i l

( . ) But of To!CYo I( . ) Punabuhl (35/4211 - 140/00E) 20(b) 35/40N - 140/30E 12( . ) 35/4.5N _ 140/1SS 10(d) 35/55N - 140/05E 5

(5) Choai Pointl 1S(6) Chich! Jim . ,

m. R C ~ : observers reported. I n t ~ r c " p t l o n a of tyPical AIAan d s/ L radar frequenCies. In par t icular thl!ly r eported modllu,to J/A1n the Nojirnazaki area associated ~ l t h .. 10 oentimeter ot ~ d . r t andpr obable radar control of f l ~ c in Choel Point Area.

2. ~ a c t l c . , ylI !LA: Evasive action vu l ed a l l the way fromviolent ef forts to loae searchlights to no evasive action. Soma Alewore able to get out of searchlight beams ; othors reported evasive.otion ineffective .3. Air - to-Air B ~ a n d Rockqte : None reported .Ala r epor ted ' f l are bombs ' over th e ta rge t area . Threethese wore observod.

PART I I I PJJ:AG!l: bSSESs;,:E:l'l REPOaT

TOKYO CITY

A 314th V!'1ngor four of

l i isdo!\ No . j ' 3 PRsl! 77 Date Flown : 11 [arch 1 9 ~ Reference! AAF Air Objective ~ o l d e r 90 . 17.

SIDIMARYDamage to Tokyo City resulting from XXI Bomber Command Miss ion40, 10 ~ r c h 1 9 4 ~ t o t a 1 3 4 ~ O , l ~ 6 , O O O sq . f t 10, 120 &ores or 15 . 6sq. mi. of City area destroyed.Eighteen per cent of the industrial and 63 per cent of theoommercie1 d i s t r we re dostroyed along with t he heart of tho r es _i dentia l dis t r ic t . Ei ghty-two pe r cent of inoend iary zone No. 1was destroyed .Total damage resultin g from XXI Bombar Comltl&nd l l isdons 38and 40, 25 February 1945 ~ ~ d 9 Maroh 1945 respeot17ely , is 469, 146 ,

000 sq . f t . , 10, 600 acres or 16 , 8 sq . mi .Twonty-two industries assigned target numbers and ~ a n y othe runidentif ied industri es were destroyed or a g e d

DETAILS CF DA}lAQE(All r eferences to buildings. targets and areas are keyed tothe annotated pi oture whioh fol l ows this report).

-30 ->~ ! ~ l L l i l


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. i . . lQJI!l

tABG!l 33' - Rlss o Stoo l ~ g . Co. - Des t r oyed.tARgET 335 - Army Pr ovl s l ons Depo t _ 50% dost royed, 1 maln bul ldin&and , warehouses stl11 d i D ~ %ARQET 365 - Shiodome Freight Yards _ Buildln&s 60% destr oyed.'UROET 366 - Ste&r.l Englneoring andRolling Stock Ufg . Co .URGIT 626 _ Fujiku r al Electr l0Cabll5 \forks.

tARGET 204 - S a k u r a d ~ Eng l ne er i ngWorkstARGET 901 - TokyO Gas Co . ,Sunamachl 110rkstARGET 910 - Rising Sun Petroleun

Terminal

19 minor buildings destr oyed ; 5-maln bulldlngs s t l11 standlng.70% destr oyed ; adc1nist r at l onbuilding , r ep or ted cable fac tory and 2 cl scellaneou8 bui ld ings s t i l l standlng.30 aDall bui l dings destroyed;5 catn-buildlngs , t l l l ' l d n g . ....Destr oyed; 2 gasocoter s s t l l lS'tilndlng.Destroy&d .

TARGET 1397- Japan Reflning .forks Moderate deJ:Iage - about 15%de8tr oyedTARGET 911 - Ogu r a Oil Co. DestroYGd.tARGET 912 - Nisshin Splnnlng Destroysd .tARoS! 913 - Hattorl Company(Preci8 i on Instr uments) Destroyed.TARGET 914 - O r 1 8 n t ~ 1 ieaving Go. Des troyed .TAq,gET 91. Orls!"1to.l 'i/oavlng Co, Destroye d .TARGET 1342- J ap an lia.ohiM I ndustry Oes troyodTARG::T 1250 -Tokyo Katai CO.

W GET 1 ~ 7 Q - Sumida. !l.ivGr RR Yard ,Joban LinoIARGSl' 1 4 ~ O - Nippon Eloctrio Wire

C; Cable CO.I,.\BOET 1448 -Tsukij i l!Clrkot 'lhohsClle Ware housoTARGET 1449 -Kanda Marke tTU I. GE:'t 145Q -Koto }!arket

- 37-

All 8Da l l buildings des troyedj4 la rge bui ldings s t i l l stand l ng.3 warehouses destroyed3 wa r ohouses dllLl& ged .Repor t ed location is in a des troyed areo..13 smo.ll buildings des t royed .

Destroyd .Destroyed.


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A J ~ l ! 1 1

Ua14ent1tle' abip , . ra, po i b l ,' fuopt It.&t.... nport. 4 1n AI7U r ObjecU.. Folcler 90.17On1d..bt1ti., l n d ~ t r 1 adJacentto ..bov. tar&et

11 . . . .11 bulldln!,1 destroy'd..65 emaIl and m.dlum. l l t . d build-1n, ' de.troyedi entire root of1 large building supe rf ic ia l lyd a m a . ~ d

AREAS ( f PAliAGBote I See annota.tion. on atto.ohecl .nllU"ged photograph.

m... SL..Lt . of dlllllQ.g&1 373 , 060 , 000 13 , 350,000, 400 , 000 800,0005 2?5,OOO 6,84.7 , 0007 2,990,0006 661,0009 1, 4110 , 00010 780,00011 6 , 500 , 000

" 3,439 . 000" 19, 470,000" 1 , 71.9,000IS 6 , 2 Z 5 ~ O O O . : u I l . L l C L ~ &

INpUSTRIAL ABA - (62 1/4 sq . 1 . 11 . 3 sq . mi or 16% of tot0.1 aroa destroyed.

C O l ! M E R C l A L . . . . . A B ~ _ (e 3/4 sq. mi . ) ,C. 5 sq . mi or 62.8% of totl\ l o.ree. destroyed.

IHQ E;NDMRY ZONE NO.1 _ (eOG annotated print) .. 10 sq, mi , of which6 , 2 sq. mi , or W0.5 d. s treye d . (Reference ll-9)Print IV :31 and enlnrged print annotated and a ttached.


43/60

'"InIII OLO DAMAGEC2I NEW OAMAGE-INCENDIARY ZONE NO I

TOKYO CITYDAMAGE ASSESSMENT REPOAT NO.20

C.I U. XXI BOM . COM

iI. A Icau IN WIL l i


44/60

,


45/60

J l ~ l ! . l l

..

10 Ma.r ch J..,45

-41 ..

JU . l ! . l l


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DECLASS IFIEDi \ U l h O r \ t y

NARA Dale l 1

SECRET

XXI BOMBER COMMANO

CONSOLIDATED STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF COMBAT OPERATIONSFORM 34

MISSION NO .409 Mil'ch 1945

PI'iD'llry TOrgo t urban :.rca TOkyoVFECTIVENESS OF MlSS!CN.:.ircraft ; . i rborno percent Of .:. .ircrnft on Hand ..:..ircrllft Bombing primarypercent Of ; ' ircraft ':"irborno.. rcrof t Bombing :.11 'lOrgGts percent Of ...ircrllft :.1rbornoBombs Dropped on pri.nlry 'I(l.rgetBolilbs Dropped on Other Targets .Enomy .:..1rcrllft Destroyed

325 84%Z/9 86;298 92%

1665 TOns116 Tons

NonaBombing Results - Dlmago ;.ssosszwn t photo& Shoo :.bout 16 . 7 sq . }.iilos Of City

.:.rOD Dostroyod .

SECRET

COOT OF MlSSIW' : ~ 1 r c r a f t LOst 14]?Crccnt Of ; ~ i r c r n f t :..irborno 4 .3%

l . i rcroft J)lmlgld. 42percon t of .';.ircro.ft i..irborno 13%

CrC;ii fh:lmbElr casua1tios 102percent Of Toto1 pe.rticipat1Dg 3 .1%

33RO STATISTICAL CONTRO L UNIT


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, Ale ,I/e Ale Ale T Ml!. llgine back!ired .b Operat:.ons personnel error.e 1 !..Ie earburetor out #2 engine.

1 mg drop fI2 engine .1 :./e lIanb bOy doors ou t .1 :.JC 14 turbo out.d Leak in 011 scavenger l ine //2 engine .

DECLASSIFIEDI \ U l h r i t y

""" D ' ' ' ~ ! . l -

.. .211,,1 }.tISSIOrw J,.9n:.r,-'" 9' M a ~ 9 h :l9l&STruE OF RETURN Ale Ale Ale :.IeO!JIllNe Bu,w.L.\G Bl.IL..tlmG Cll.k' .;.a..i.ni w.c.;(;QtW _ L.R. AI"I.} Cl\.SERv.:..-DATE F lJISr LAsr TAnGEl' ARY l'.i.iL TIW.v.GEl'

9-1OI8U 2158 Z 0121 Z 34 - - 2300 z 02Z/ Z 34 - 3 2157 Z 0056 Z 38 - 1 2239 Z 0137 Z 31 - 5 2157 Z 0227 z 137 - 9 2341 Z 0125 :l 32 - - 2110 Z !. 0212 Z 26 - 3 2340 z 0109 z 15 - 2 2242 Z 0210 Z 20 - 4 2110 Z 0212 Z 93 - 9-- ,, 2253 Z !. 0049 Z 25 - 1, 2245 Z 0050 z 24 - - 1 1\----- 2245 zf - - 0050 z 49 - 1 1 2110 Z 0227 Z 279 - '19 1

.3 .'Je not in comnission fo r takeoff .l .Je engine b!lckfired .1 .Je brakes fa i l ea .if'3 engine cutting out.i Bomb bay doors mopers t i ve .

"or.u.AleEr'"'F.iT1VE

3437393614632291724

102262551

299

"1 :Jc assigned for observation and photograp:tic purposes .

TOl'AL10./0HU.,_

&'F.c.CrJ. ..E3525

15-3328213

26

i EXcludes .3 super dumbos . toI'o of uhich aborted. and 2 homing :JC .C Excludes die landing at IfIO and returning lote.1 uneble to secure suffic ient bombll to lood e l l ..../e in tinll fo r missic:n . l :i3Xcludes 1 super dumbo - 2 haning :.Je .

sse RET-- ----


48/60

QCIlfU:C'IED COF.(

I KECHA.NICAI. f1ILURENIT Non- Banbed =bedEffec.1ve Secondary thern 2 - -6 4 - 219 - - 1)0 5 - 1W& 11 - 46 - - -9 3 - 10" 3 - 105 2 - 3

:3 "jIG 6 - 519 1 - -29 1 - -'-4 fiG 2 - -'1 BO 21 - 9

OECLASSIFIEO

I \ U \ h O r i \ Y iJ!jL1l-\ B) : . NARA0:= J lUI. II .I< I

to .MISSION,

BRF..\KIX:MN OF An. AIRCRAFT FAILING TO BOO PRDWU tARGET ",,'IE 2 )lU'ch 1 2 ~ PERSONNEL ERROR FLIGHT CONDITIONS EmIT ,CTICII annm"""- --

Bombed Non . som...d Bombed Non- Bombed .=bed Non_iJetcmbedi'tectiv ose.ODd",", other 5f'tecUTe ~ c o o d a r y other Effectiv Seeoftdary In ther ! 'Necti cODdary1 - - -- - - 12 - - - - 4 -3 - 4 1- -- - - - .- - - -- - - - .- - - -- - . --1 - ,. -- - - -- 1 - l - .4 - 5 1

SECRET- - - - - -

. """"dother---1-2 ,114-- - .-5


49/60

TARGET BOMBED AlelIT DHOl'rlHGtWu:: 0:' TnRGhT TYPE S(1dBS

-- y 1f8 Tokyo llr'ban .:.rea pMi to . Nikko LR 2unknom TO 1!19 TOkyo urben .:.rea p 38Choai LR 100 TOkyo urban J ea p 31, 'l'1 t eyan9-HUto .chos i POint .Senda! LR 5f3 lIet Tokyo urban ..".rea p 13716 Tokyo urban ..".rea p 3219 Tokyo urban ..:.rea p 26Ch03 i , Mlug TO 2 =., unknovn LR 304 Tokyo urb:ln .:.rea p 15Cho s i . }Ql taura LR 205 Tokyo urban .:.rea p 20! l{aSUllli.gaura .Ha J"!8 Ji aJ3. , ChichiJilIB....gr ig an. GugUlln TO 43 U@ oltyo oz:ban ....rea p 9319 Tokyo orban :.rea p 25unknom LR 129 TOkyo urban .:.rea p 24" i C TOkyo urban :.rea p 49D Tokye urban :.r ea p 279

DECLASS IFIEDA u t h O

NARA Do


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51/60

AIRCRAFr LOST AND DAMAGEDAIRCRAFT LOST

DECLASS if iEDA U 1 h o r i t y ~ NARA D o < , ~ ! l -

SECRE T

AIRCRAFT DAYJ.GED

~ l U b uu ._ ....,, _ __~ T E 9 lprcb 1945

PERSOlIIEL CASUA!.Tn'SPERSOlINEL CASt1i.L'fIES

ENIIII ,EIiDII ' NEIIY lAce. I I UN-UllIT I A;e AiA A e & & DTJrn! . , . , ITOTALA. ECH. EUKI , ENEIIY ,"NEllY lAce. 1" 1 1_ 1 TOTALAie AiA Aie & & em! (JIJl!N IU . ORI IIIIIlRAiA ECH. TOTAL / /MI5S- /lIOUHDEil / TOTALPARTICI- llLLED IIC &: llU'tIlED CASUALTIfSPATl l(i97989900

1 " 15189.1!? --- _ _ 1 1 - 23 11 4189:22 3364663513721525 1111 3 143 14

~ i 1 6 ___ If _ _ 1 _ _ - - 358 - - 1 19 - - - -- 2 - 2 - 9 - 9 359 3 - - 304 - - - - _ _ _ _ . - - 191

05 - - - - 1 - 1 - - -- 2361 II I. ~ ~ - - - 1 3 ... - 4 - 9 - 9 li1I4 1 3 1 - 1 1 I 4~ 9 1 I I 3 W I I I I I-U 334 36 1 37. !9 - - 3 !i 5 _-_ 7_ - 7 304 46 1 4714 2 - 1 6 9 _ 10 - 10 68 82 2 84.'" ... J

2 1 4 7 14 42.e.a Missing. UO rrord .b .3:../e d i ' t < : Bec&l!e l os t over Honsh.u and used e :z:cc! ls1w fuel .31 p3rso!'nc l r escued,c Mie.:::ina. 1;0 r.ord .d l: . .le ditchod cnroute to base . 11 crel1 members rescued .

l : . / e niDsing . tK:licved shot do-:m over pr1.m.ry .

SBCR iT

1 141 3307e Missing . No nar d .I 1.JC l ost t o sw:vcy 3/l4J45.B: l .JC l os t t o survey 3/14/45 .

3 93 6 102


52/60

DECLASSIFIEDA u t h o r i t

NARADate ~ I . L

~ 4 . Q . 1 i ; ; . I

& ~ . f i J Y OPPOSITluN AN1J .A.t&iUiHTiON E.i.!'.clIDI'ru&;&

-. ISSI C>I_ ___DATE 4q

9 _ eh 1945NO.Oi' . i : J ~ M I T A/e DJl:.3'l'HOYclJ &: DAMAGED ALWNrrlON E.XPEIID1TURE5IIp . AT!'A .,sC CA l TRERN IT &l eWN: "y ; , : - TD'E OR DES- PROB . 20 M.M.''.i:Ji.ID WUUEl. TROYED OE:Snt 'D D>l:AGEl) FIRI


53/60

40.'SS'ON,-""= ;;:-oror.---9 i.tl reh 1945

FLIG8T DATi &. FUEL COHSU IfPT ION DATE. 4rn Gp. 498 Gp . 199 G, . ,Wp o i 73 r d n ng. /e " " ,P'LIGIlI' DATA""g. T1.. A Low Al titude 6 :45 6, 50 6 ,35 6d5 6 ,Uh g . Ti or Cl1 .b To Bo.b- ,05 :12i ng Al t i tude ;17 :21 , 14Avg. Tille At Bombing ! l tHud . :20 :28 ,31 :28 :27"vgo nyug Tl . 14 :29 15 :05 14,42 14:48 14 :46Avg. Distance n om (Naut i calAir 1I11es ) 2771 23)5


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.H!U! I f I S S I O I I _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _D TE 9 I"' r ch 1945FLIGHT DATA &FUEL CON SUMPT ION ,..

-,ie 6 Gp . 9 Gp . 504 GJ . 505 Gp . JIJth nng* )2 25 15 20 92P'LIGHT DATA

Avg . Tl At Low Alti tude 7:: 5 7 :00 7 :12 7,15 7:17b g . Time or Clilllb To Bo .b-i ng .u t i tude :05 :08 ,05 :05 ,06ivg. Tim e At Bombing Alt i tude ,25 , ) ) :28 :20 ,27ivg. Fly i ng Ti. 15 :31 15 :25 15 : 04. 15:12 15: :.2l!vg . Distance nown (Nauti calAir IIliles) ;:861; 26/,1 2814 2636 2746

FUEL CONSUMPTIONCoaaumed To Target.

iTerage J410 3350 327l. ) )09 ))501Iax1 . . . 360/, 39)0 )500 39(17 )9)01I1n1_ 3;:;0) 3200 3050 2.959

ConSUMed From Target To Bases(Ale Without IlaltWlCtion)No . or Aireraft )1 2) 15 20 69

Average 21;:'7 2410 ~ 3 9 0 2286 2J85IIaxhIuo 2 / ~ 5 1 . . ZP97 :':8::::0 259) 2897M in '- - 2271 2 0 ~ L . 2125 19?) 19?)

Consumed Fro. Target To B a s e ~ (A/C With Malfunction)Ho. Of Aircraft 1 2 ;'ion e None )

Average 215.:2 27/.,) - - 251.6-,- 2152 2749 - - 2749lI1n1aum 2152 2737 - - 2152Total Fuel Ueedl

Average 50;-7 5696 5664 5590 5717-,- 6060 59)) 5924 6196 6196Min1mw. 5J,.74 5490 543) 5123 512)Tota l Fuel Rell8.ining:

Average 92) 1089 1121 i l52 10501Iax1. . . . 1 2 8 ~ 1295 1352 1500 1500Minbua 700 852 861 501. 504

Avg. Ga l e . Cons Ullled Per Hour )76.1 369.4 375 .8 )67 .8 372 .4Avg. a . l l . Consumed Per Mile 2.04 2. lE 2.0 2.12 2 .08

TOTAL FUEL USED OH AIJUl()RNE Aje 186967 174600 104552 13551.5 601664* tar which ruel data are available

.C:F. r .RET


55/60

111551011_.1.'''0_ ____PLIGHT DATA .. FuEL CON5UIIPI'ION DATE 9 M!)'Tcn 19L.5

, DATA

Avg. Ti_e At Low Alti tudebg . Ti_. or Clil lb To Bo.b-i ng AltitudeAvg . Time At Bombing AltitudeAvg. ny i ng T i_b g . Distance Flown (Nautical.A r II.1les)

Cooaumed To Target sAverage""" ....1101 . , .

Consu.td From Target To Base,(Alc Without Malfunction)80. Of Aircraft

AverageIIBxilIuallinimuD

COQSUll9d Fro. Target To Base:(i/c With 1IB1function)No. Of Aircraft

Aver age" " "bUl l1I1lli""",

Total fuel Used:AverageMaxiMumMinillUll

Total Fuel ReDRining:Average"""mUl lIlinbUll

Avg. Gals. Consumed Per HourAvg. Gals. Consumed Per Mile

TOTAL FUEL USED ON AIR!lOIlHE Ale

23

3019:16

4:1715:42

2300

37834C583561)

25442840;!059

1300130013001

63526S095819

10.'391507550404 .6

2 .2,169223

* Ale tar whieh fuel data or. an i l ab l 2 !l/e of 19th Group h nded a t 1ro J i::lll .

, " ' . . ..-. -- --- --

;(:0 43

2:05:10

5,561l.:522886

J72542[03130

202/.2527532058

None

65768955835

n051095'35

2 ,45" 3

5,0315 :192840

3756I;"SO31)0

1.225162el.0

2058

1300130013001

645768955819

10701507435421. 52.2.7

21st B.C .280

6016:11

1,0915,03

33901.280288

268'


56/60

00. AVERAGE imlAGEUNIT AIRe . . , . , BASIC 'f t . USEI'tJLAIRBORNE OF Ale LOAD497 34 74555 59116498 42 74525 59345499 39 74452 56564500 36 74540 59360

- - . ,-;0:- -_ . _ .- - 74516- ... .- . . - -- . .73 " !NO __ _ _ 59107- .._=- _._- - - -6 32 75350 5C7079 25 74000 60000504 15 75000 56367505 20 73447 59104-- --.- _.. - _. _ .. . - . --.. " - ".-513 ~ l l 92 74730 59092 .

19 23 74600 6062529 20 76600 59540

~ J ! J i . ! ! J ! ~

WEIGHT DATA

imlAGE * AVERAGE lIT11). OF EKlMBS OF OOMBS

LOADED LOADED14. 9 - Wi7-. 2 1365336 .6 - E2613.2 - !li+7 - 2 1390937. 1 - i7,2813 .5 - ""17-:.2 1393037 . 1 - E2613 .4 - 111,,0 , ,3 O?dratnrs n.vai:!'t.blf" ,.,111 be u s i p e dto the special pl a!les , The a l l o e . o . t i ~ n of pl anes ,al t i tude . and ident if ioation slgn.o. l s wi l l beas follo'Wetl!l!ll l\lttil!ode f!:.!gueDO Y Identlf i o s tiOD.73'. 24.000 424 Icoa W73'. 25 ,000 524 kDs c313th 26.000 2:)0 ko. 13th 27.000 330 Icos A

0) Jall!-'IIing t aot ios may be employed by the .nell)' but 1 f re-q u e ~ o y of tho 4 should r emoln open .

~ 4 ) Wint;s wil l predesignate ODS plnne per squadroD. as t h o . s hplar:o to t ransmit a s t r ike report.(a. ) Speo i a l a tdke report wil l oonsist of tiJlle OVer to.rget

(\GL'l). tal' go t 'bOl!lb ed . r:ethod o f bomb ing. 0 loud oover a go l'


60/60

II.B.ILII I" l ID CIlDlll JnJII!BR "', IIB!n'IJIllROtlSZ mnm!R 2. CORTIJrom

; . .. B_V ) '.. B - Moderato_ C .. l!oager_ D .. NODo

LeII\Ycall ad XXI BCJ:: cao

Dlsm IDUTlO!" 2 u. wg

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21st Bomber Command Tactical Mission Report 40, Ocr

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