Economic & Economic & Political Political

GeographyGeographyChapter 2-3:3,4Chapter 2-3:3,4

Section ObjectivesSection Objectives

Describe the ways in which natural Describe the ways in which natural resources sustain human liferesources sustain human life

Understand basic economics concepts Understand basic economics concepts and analyze different kinds of economiesand analyze different kinds of economies

Understand what government is and Understand what government is and compare different forms of governmentcompare different forms of government

Describe the ways in which natural Describe the ways in which natural resources sustain human liferesources sustain human life

Understand basic economics concepts Understand basic economics concepts and analyze different kinds of economiesand analyze different kinds of economies

Understand what government is and Understand what government is and compare different forms of governmentcompare different forms of government

Earth’s ResourcesEarth’s Resources A country’s economy is A country’s economy is

often based on what often based on what resources it has availableresources it has available

There are two kinds of There are two kinds of resources:resources: BiologicalBiological: Living things: Living things

Livestock, plants, and treesLivestock, plants, and trees Material: Nonliving Material: Nonliving

resources buried in Earthresources buried in Earth Raw materialsRaw materials:: Material Material

used to make productsused to make products Ex. Iron ore is used in Ex. Iron ore is used in

making steelmaking steel

Categories of ResourcesCategories of Resources

NonrenewableNonrenewable Limited; cannot be Limited; cannot be replacedreplaced Examples:Examples:

CoalCoal OilOil Natural GasNatural Gas

RenewableRenewable Never run out, or a new Never run out, or a new

supply develops over supply develops over timetime Examples:Examples:

SunSun WindWind Forests-GrasslandsForests-Grasslands PlantsPlants/animals /animals RichRich soil soil

Renewable Resources (5:51)

Categories of Resources, cont.

Economic GeographyEconomic GeographyAn An economyeconomy is a system in which people is a system in which people

produce, sell and buy things.produce, sell and buy things.

A country’s A country’s economic systemeconomic system decidesdecides• What What goodsgoods and and servicesservices will be produced will be produced• HowHow goods and services will be produced goods and services will be produced• Who will Who will receivereceive them them

Factors of ProductionFactors of Production

A country is more likely to have a strong A country is more likely to have a strong economy if it has all four factors of economy if it has all four factors of productionproduction::Land: All natural resources used to produce Land: All natural resources used to produce

goods and servicesgoods and servicesLabor: Size and education of the work forceLabor: Size and education of the work forceCapital: a country’s wealth and infrastructureCapital: a country’s wealth and infrastructureEntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship:: creativity and risk creativity and risk

needed to develop new goods and servicesneeded to develop new goods and services

Economic SystemsEconomic Systems

Economic systems are ways in which Economic systems are ways in which countries organize the production of countries organize the production of goods and services.goods and services.

FourFour main systems are found around main systems are found around the worldthe world

Economic systems are ways in which Economic systems are ways in which countries organize the production of countries organize the production of goods and services.goods and services.

FourFour main systems are found around main systems are found around the worldthe world

Traditional EconomiesTraditional Economies People trade goods and People trade goods and

services without services without moneymoney

Found in underdeveloped, Found in underdeveloped, parts of parts of South AmericaSouth America, , Asia, and Asia, and AfricaAfrica. .

Very little Very little technologytechnology or or development.development.

Subsistence agricultureSubsistence agriculture, , or food only for familyor food only for family

Life as a subsistence Life as a subsistence farmer (4:01)farmer (4:01)

Free Enterprise EconomiesFree Enterprise Economies In a In a free enterprise free enterprise

economyeconomy, privately owned , privately owned businesses create goods that businesses create goods that people buy in marketspeople buy in markets

IndividualsIndividuals determine what determine what and how to produce.and how to produce.

Prices for products are Prices for products are determined by determined by supplysupply and and demanddemand

Also called market economy, Also called market economy, or capitalismor capitalism

Examples: Examples: United StatesUnited States, , Canada, Canada, JapanJapan, China??, China??

Command EconomiesCommand Economies

GovernmentGovernment makes all makes all economic decisions and economic decisions and owns all resources. owns all resources.

Usually a Usually a shortageshortage of of consumer goods as the consumer goods as the government controls government controls productionproduction, prices and , prices and wageswages

Most resources are used Most resources are used for for military goodsmilitary goods

Examples: Examples: ChinaChina, North , North Korea, Korea, CubaCuba

Mixed EconomiesMixed Economies

Most countries have Most countries have mixedmixed economies, with economies, with elements of a free elements of a free enterprise and a enterprise and a command economy.command economy.

Although market Although market economies economies encourageencourage businesses to businesses to produceproduce, , government regulations government regulations are necessary!are necessary!

For example:For example: Food Food and and

DrugDrug Administration Administration (FDA)(FDA)

Environmental Environmental ProtectionProtection Agency (EPA)Agency (EPA)

National National HighwayHighway Traffic Safety Traffic Safety Administration Administration

Four Types of Economies (2:24)

Economic IndicatorsEconomic Indicators

The strength of a The strength of a country’s economy can country’s economy can be measured in many be measured in many waysways

One is the One is the gross gross domestic productdomestic product, or , or GDPGDP: the total value of : the total value of the goods and services the goods and services that a country producesthat a country produces

Economic IndicatorsEconomic Indicators

GDP per capita is the GDP per capita is the value of the products value of the products that a country that a country produces per produces per personperson..

Other indicators Other indicators include income, include income, literacyliteracy rate, and life rate, and life expectancyexpectancy

Developed vs. Developing Developed vs. Developing CountriesCountries

Developed CountriesDeveloped Countries

Have a Have a highhigh GDP GDP

Have Have manufacturingmanufacturing and and industriesindustries

High standard of High standard of livingliving ($43,800/year in ($43,800/year in U.S.)U.S.)

Examples: North Examples: North America, Europe, America, Europe, Australia, and JapanAustralia, and Japan

Developing CountriesDeveloping Countries

Low GDPLow GDP

Little to no manufacturing Little to no manufacturing or industries, even with or industries, even with resourcesresources

Practice subsistence Practice subsistence farming, feed family onlyfarming, feed family only

Low standard of living Low standard of living $500 Somalia & East $500 Somalia & East Timor, $2,700 NicaraguaTimor, $2,700 Nicaragua

Developed vs. Developing Developed vs. Developing Countries, cont.Countries, cont.

Political GeographyPolitical Geography

A A governmentgovernment is an is an organization that keeps order, organization that keeps order, sets rules, and provides sets rules, and provides services for a societyservices for a society

Governments govern citizens. Governments govern citizens. A A citizencitizen is a person who lives is a person who lives within the territory of a within the territory of a government and is granted government and is granted certain rights and certain rights and responsibilities by the responsibilities by the government.government.

Someone’s Got to Be in Charge…Someone’s Got to Be in Charge…

Citizens elect Citizens elect representativesrepresentatives who who lead the country, or the executive lead the country, or the executive branchbranch

A A legislaturelegislature creates laws creates laws House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives SenateSenate

A A judicialjudicial branch interprets laws branch interprets lawsCitizens have many rightsCitizens have many rightsThe United States was the first modern The United States was the first modern

country to establish onecountry to establish one

Citizens elect Citizens elect representativesrepresentatives who who lead the country, or the executive lead the country, or the executive branchbranch

A A legislaturelegislature creates laws creates laws House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives SenateSenate

A A judicialjudicial branch interprets laws branch interprets lawsCitizens have many rightsCitizens have many rightsThe United States was the first modern The United States was the first modern

country to establish onecountry to establish one

Representative DemocracyRepresentative Democracy

Representative DemocracyRepresentative Democracy

FranceFrance

François Hollande

United States

Barack Obama

In a In a monarchymonarchy, a king, queen, , a king, queen, or emperor rules societyor emperor rules society

In a In a constitutionalconstitutional monarchy, monarchy, the king or queen inherits the the king or queen inherits the right to rule, but shares power right to rule, but shares power with a government organized with a government organized by a constitution.by a constitution.Examples: United Kingdom, Examples: United Kingdom,

JapanJapanEmperor Akihito

Queen Elizabeth II

MonarchyMonarchy

Constitutional MonarchiesConstitutional Monarchies

In an In an absoluteabsolute monarchy, the monarchy, the monarch inherits the right to rule monarch inherits the right to rule and has unlimited powerand has unlimited power

Citizens have Citizens have fewfew or no rights or no rightsEx. Saudi ArabiaEx. Saudi Arabia

King Abdullah

Monarchy, cont.Monarchy, cont.

Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

In a In a dictatorshipdictatorship, one person rises to , one person rises to power and rules society.power and rules society.

The dictator controls all aspects of life, The dictator controls all aspects of life, including education and artsincluding education and arts

Citizens have few or no rightsCitizens have few or no rightsExample: Cuba, North KoreaExample: Cuba, North Korea

Fidel Castro Raul Castro

DictatorshipDictatorship

Libya

Muammar Gaddafi

North Korea

Kim Jong II

Nouri Abusahmain

Kim Jong-un

DictatorsDictators

PropagandaPropaganda

Propaganda is information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

North Korean PropagandaNorth Korean Propaganda

Kim Il SungKim Il Sung

Kim Jong Il (1941-2011)Kim Jong Il (1941-2011)

This image is everywhere in North Korea!This image is everywhere in North Korea!

Life in North Korea (6:55)

City of PyongyangCity of PyongyangHotel-Hotel-YanggakdoYanggakdo

In an In an oligarchyoligarchy, a small group of people , a small group of people rule the country and have all the powerrule the country and have all the power

Usually wealthy people or military officersUsually wealthy people or military officersOften works like a dictatorship except a Often works like a dictatorship except a

group of people group of people shareshare the power. the power.

Example: A Example: A juntajunta is a small group of people– is a small group of people– usually military officers– who rule a country usually military officers– who rule a country after taking it over by force.after taking it over by force.

OligarchyOligarchy

From 1962-2011, From 1962-2011, MyanmarMyanmar (also known (also known as Burma) was ruled by military junta that as Burma) was ruled by military junta that was condemned by the world for its was condemned by the world for its human rights violations.human rights violations.

CommunismCommunism is a type of is a type of command economy in which command economy in which the government, controlled by the government, controlled by the Communist Party, owns all the Communist Party, owns all the the propertyproperty

Citizens have few or no rightsCitizens have few or no rightsThe governing body holds all The governing body holds all

the power and controls the the power and controls the economyeconomyEx. China, VietnamEx. China, VietnamForms of Government (3:53)Forms of Government (3:53)

VietnamVietnam

Xi Jinping

Truong Tan Sang

CommunismCommunism

ANY QUESTIONS???ANY QUESTIONS???