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Part 1 - Learning about gravity
Part 2 - Learning about shadows
North East of Scotland Science
Consortium
Learning and
Concept Maps
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Part 1
Learning about gravity
North East of Scotland Science
Consortium
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How do childrenlearn?
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How do children learn?
Model based on the empty headconcept
Teaching is a transfer ofinformation to fill the space
Does not work! Why?
No matter what the topic, childrenhave their own ideas
And they believe them
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Learning
Knowledge is not
absorbed by thelearner
It is constructed
The process cannot beobserved
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Constructivist ideas
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Constructivist ideas
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Constructivist ideas
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Constructivist ideas
Learning is based on what the
learner already knows
New ideas presented byexperience or instruction may :
fit in with existing ideasnot relate to ideas already held
challenge existing ideas
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Constructivist ideas
New knowledge may be
linked to existing ideas inappropriatelycreating a misconception
retained unconnected
rote learning
linked to existing ideas
meaningful learning
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Constructivist ideas
Retrieval of previous learning usesnetworks of knowledge
Recall is efficient only wheninformation has been storedmeaningfully
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Summary
Constructivism accepts that ...
children already have their own ideas new knowledge must be integrated with
existing knowledge
existing networks of knowledge may bechallenged by new ideas
existing ideas are strongly held
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Constructivist ideas
Many sets of ideas aboutconstructivism
Importance of
social interactions
language Process of learning cannot be
directly observed
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Research findingsabout childrens
ideas
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Childrens ideas - research
Two important findings
Children have very strongly held ideas
Existing ideas can co-exist with new ideas
Used in different circumstances
Most children share the same set ofideas
Common misconceptions
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Sources ofchildrens ideas
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Sources of childrens ideas
Where do childrens ideas come
from ?
How have they been formed ?
Everyday experience produces
learning importance of language and learning
from listening
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An Example - SEEING
Example
Often hear people say that theythrow a glance
Children develop the idea thatseeing is an action
Childrens drawings reveal this
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An Example - SEEING
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Sources of childrens ideas
How have these sources led to aset of common misconceptions?
Common experiences of children
Widespread use of same ways oftalking about science ideas thatoccur in everyday experience
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Exploring childrens
ideas on
GRAVITY
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Concept cartoons
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Concept cartoons
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Activity 1 Explore the ideas represented in your
cartoon
Carry out any investigative workneeded to explore the ideas
What ideas would the children youteach have?
GRAVITY
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Childrens ideas about
gravity
the hyperlink used in the presentation at this point will notallow you to return to this page.You will have to return to theday 2 programme page to run this example gravity example.
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Heavy objects fall faster than light
objects
Idea comes directly from experience
There is no gravity on the moon
Idea comes from seeing
weightlessness in space
Thats why moon suits have big heavy
boots
GRAVITY common ideas
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Sorting out yourown science ideas
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Sorting out your ownscience ideas
Drawing concept maps
Encourages the linking of ideas
Encourages discussion to sort outown ideas
Fits a social constructivist approach
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Sorting out your ownscience ideas
Concept maps contain propositions:
for example:
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Sorting out your ownscience ideas
Examples - simple conceptmaps about learning
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Sorting out your ownscience ideas
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Concept maps in theclassroom
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Concept maps in theclassroom
Concept maps as an elicitation tool
Teaching children how to createconcept maps
Stages
Brainstorming to produce list of conceptsMaking propositions
Creating the map
Adding more links
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Activity 2 Concept map
the hyperlink used in the presentation at this point will not allow you toreturn to this page.You will have to return to the day 2 programmepage to run this example concept_maps_gravity example.
GRAVITY
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Part 2
Learning aboutshadows
North East of Scotland Science
Consortium
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Exploring childrens
ideas on
SHADOWS
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Activity 3
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Explore the ideas represented in yourcartoon
Carry out any investigative work
needed to explore the ideas Create a concept map on light and
shadows
You should try to create it usingInspiration
What ideas would the children you
teach have?
Activity 3
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Activity 3
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Activity 3 no links
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Activity 3 links
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Concept mapping projects
Scottish Executive
ELISEDeveloping a framework for on-line CPDdelivery
Science exemplar course
On-line course deliverySubject of course
Concept mapping