Experiment no: 6(a)

Aim : To design and implement Half wave rectifier.

Apparatus: Computer,Multisim designing simulation tool,printer.

Theory: A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a process known as rectification. In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, it is very inefficient if used for power transfer. Half-wave rectification can be achieved with a single diode in a one-phase supply, or with three diodes in a three-phase supply.

Diagram :

Waveform:

Procedure:

1. Open the schematic of multisim.2. Place appropriate components as needed to implement the half wave

rectifier.3. The components which are needed to implement the half wave rectifier

are:one transformer,ground,one resistance,voltage source 220V,one diode,two CRO’s to show output.

4. Make the connection between the components as shown in figure.5. Now simulate the obtained circuit .6. Stop the simulation.

Precautions:

1. There should be no mismatch in connections.2. Make the connections carefully.3. While replacing the connections,stop simulation first.

Result : Half wave rectifier is verified using Multisim software.

Experiment no: 6(b)

Aim : To design and implement Half wave rectifier.

Apparatus: Computer,Multisim designing simulation tool,printer.

Theory: FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:

In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit two diodes are now used, one for each half of the cycle. A transformer is used whose secondary winding is split equally into two halves with a common centre tapped connection, (C). This configuration results in each diode conducting in turn when its anode terminal is positive with respect to the transformer centre point C producing an output during both half-cycles, twice that for the half wave rectifier so it is 100% efficient .The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load resistance (RL) with each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load. When point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point C, diode D1 conducts in the forward direction as indicated by the arrows. When point B is positive (in the negative half of the cycle) with respect to point C, diode D2 conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing through resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles. As the output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the two waveforms combined, this type of full wave rectifier circuit is also known as a "bi-phase" circuit.

Diagram :

Waveform:

Procedure:

1. Open the schematic of multisim.2. Place appropriate components as needed to implement the Centre tap full

wave rectifier .The components which are needed to implement the Centre tap full wave rectifier are:one transformer,ground,one resistance,voltage source 220V,two diodes,two CRO’s to show output.

3. Make the connection between the components as shown in figure.4. Now simulate the obtained circuit .5. Stop the simulation.

Precautions:

1.There should be no mismatch in connection.2. Make the connections carefully.3. While replacing the connections,stop simulation first.

Result : Centre tap full wave rectifier is verified using Multisim software.

Experiment no: 6(c)

Aim : To design and implement Half wave rectifier.

Apparatus: Computer,Multisim designing simulation tool,printer.

Theory: This type of single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop "bridge" configuration to produce the desired output. The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special centre tapped transformer, thereby reducing its size and cost. The single secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in "series pairs" with only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle. During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D3 conduct in series while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load .During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D2 and D4 conduct in series, but diodes D1 and D2 switch "OFF" as they are now reverse biased. The current flowing through the load is the same direction as before.

Diagram :

Waveform:

Procedure:

1.Open the schematic of multisim.2. Place appropriate components as needed to implement the full wave bridge rectifier .The components which are needed to implement the Centre tap full wave rectifier are:one transformer,ground,one resistance,voltage source 220V,four diodes,two CRO’s to show output.3. Make the connection between the components as shown in figure.4. Now simulate the obtained circuit .5. Stop the simulation.

Precautions:

1. There should be no mismatch in connections.2. Make the connections carefully.3. While replacing the connections,stop simulation first.

Result : Full wave bridge rectifier is verified using Multisim software.

EXPERIMENT-1(B)

Aim: To convert the circuit of half adder and full adder into a Hierarchal block representation.

App: Computer, Multisim designing simulation tool, Printer

Hierarchical Block of Half Adder

J2B

Key = A

J3C

Key = A

6

8

X1

fa3

IO1 IO1

IO2 IO2

IO3 IO3IO4IO4

IO5IO5

J1B

Key = A

1

VCC5V

VCC

X1

2.5 V

X2

2.5 V

2

3

Hierarchical Block of full Adder

Procedure:

1. Open the schematic of multisim.

2. Place appropriate components as needed to implement the half adder and full adder.

3. Make the connection between the components.

4. Now select all the components and right click and select the option replace by hierarchical block and it as half adder and full adder block.

Precautions:

1. There should be no mismatch in connections.

2. Make the connections carefully.

3. While replacing the connections, stop the simulation first.

Result: Circuit of half adder and full adder is converted into a hierarical block with inputs and outputs.