The 2998 PDA Detector provides:■■ Unprecedented trace
impurity detection
and quantification.
■■ Definitive compound
identification and
co-elution detection.
■■ Superior linear range
with constant optical
bandpass.
■■ Uncomplicated method
development.
Minutes
AU
0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 15.00
0.0045
0.0030
0.0015
0.0000
Om
epra
zole
- 7.
491
Peak
2 - 1
.911
Peak
1 - 1
.713
Peak
3 - 2
.591
Peak
4 - 2
.848
Peak
5 - 4
.438
Peak
6 - 4
.795
Peak
7 - 6
.048
2998 PDA Detector enables exceptional signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios to quantify low-level impurities, and determine trace components.
2998 Photodiode Array Detector.
Peak Area % Signal-to-Noise
Peak 1 0.003 4
Peak 2 0.031 35
Peak 3 0.005 5
Peak 4 0.022 22
Peak 5 0.033 25
Peak 6 0.008 4
Peak 7 0.006 3
Omeprazole 99.89 44485
2998 PDA DetectorUltimate chromatographic sensitivity in photodiode array detection
T he PerfecT mATch for Any Lc sysT em
Waters® 2998 Photodiode Array (PDA) Detector is designed to
complement our LC and LC/MS systems. Its uniquely integrated
software and optics innovations deliver no-compromise
chromatographic and spectral sensitivity, and a noise specification,
as low as 10 µAU. It is the ideal detector for any lab application,
from compound identification to method development. For routine
analyses, the 2998 PDA Detector is reliable, easy-to-use, and has
enhanced software control to provide flexibility for simultaneous 2D
and 3D operation with either Empower® or MassLynx® software.
GroUnD-BreAKInG T echnoLoGy TAK es PDA DeT ecT Ion To T he neX T LeV eL
Instrument console, 2998 PDA Detector interactive display.
spectral exposure optimization■■ Maximizes the signal-to-noise across the entire
wavelength range.
■■ Improves noise performance in lower energy regions of
the spectrum while maintaining optimal performance
across the range.
console software
The 2998 PDA detector is equipped with a customizable
instrument console compatible with both Empower and MassLynx
software, enabling users to easily stay in control. Instrument
setup, status monitoring, and diagnostics are easily accessible
through the software’s intuitive, easy-to-learn interface.
The console interface:
■■ Uses a simple navigational approach, for easy system
implementation and instrument usability.
■■ Allows for quick and easy access to critical instrument
parameters, enabling the detector to be easily controlled,
monitored, and diagnosed.
Conventional cell
window
UV light
lens
TaperSlit™ flow cell
window
window
Patented Taperslit™ flow cell*■■ Maximizes energy throughput.
■■ Eliminates refractive index effects.
■■ Maintains good peak shape, ensuring the highest sensitivity
while maintaining optimal spectral performance.
Lamp optimization■■ Designed to automatically maximize signal-to-noise in
both the visible and UV spectra with the use of a single
Deuterium lamp.
■■ Extends the useful life of the lamp for consistent results
over time.
Thermal wander management■■ Provides maximum baseline stability by managing the
effects of ambient temperature and humidity changes.
■■ Minimizes vulnerability to hostile environmental conditions.
■■ Stabilizes long-term baseline wander for high-sensitivity
analysis.
Be ASSUreD. ChooSe WAterS GloBAl ServiCeS.
Waters Global Services focuses on optimizing Waters products with superior service,
support, upgrades, training, and Waters Quality Parts.® For more information, go to
waters.com/services.
2998 PDA Detector with its choice of flow cells can easily be integrated into Waters HPLC and LC/MS system solutions, such as the Alliance® HPLC System.
*Patent Number: 5,883,721 (U.S.)
oPT ImIZe yoUr DeT ecT Ion AnD resoLUT Ion WIT hoUT comP romIse
Definitive compound identification
While most PDA detectors can distinguish
between compounds possessing comparatively
large spectral differences, the 2998 PDA
Detector can differentiate between the spectra
of closely-related compounds.
optical and digital resolution
The 2998 PDA Detector operates at a fixed optical resolution of
1.2 nm, providing high-quality spectral resolution. The low detector
noise performance allows you to operate at maximum digital
resolution and not sacrifice linearity.
reliable co-elution detection
The 2998 PDA Detector combined with Empower software
employs powerful capabilities for determining spectral
homogeneity, yielding confidence in method specificity.
Spectral analysis algorithms can aid in the assessment of peak purity. When low levels of an impurity were spiked into a sample as shown in this lidocaine example, the spectral analysis software was able to detect the impurity at levels as low as 0.1%.
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00
0.1%
Impu
rity
1.0%
Impu
rity
511
M
505
M
No Im
purit
y
Lidoc
aine
- 3.
517
AU
Minutes
Lidoc
aine
- 3.
520
Lidoc
aine
- 3.
505
Lidoc
aine
- 3.
511
Degr
ees
Degr
ees
Degr
ees
Minutes
AU
PurityAuto Threshold
PurityAuto Threshold
PurityAuto Threshold
0.66
0.44
0.22
0.00
0.88
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.80
3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.60 3.65
3.404 3.450 3.496 3.542 3.588 3.634
3.404 3.450 3.496 3.542 3.588 3.634
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Spectral analysis algorithms can distinguish closely related compounds, as shown in this barbiturates example, providing reliable library matching.
0.28
0.21
0.14
0.07
0.00
0.28
AU
AU
0.21
0.14
0.07
0.00
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30Minutes
0.40
Allo
barb
itol -
0.9
26Ph
enob
arbi
tal -
1.1
06Bu
talb
arbi
tal -
1.3
98
Mep
hoba
rbita
l - 2
.117
Am
obar
bita
l - 2
.452
Seco
barb
ital -
3.6
79
0.50 0.60
225.00 250.00 275.00 300.00nm
325.00 350.00
Library match - Butalbarbital
Peak 3 - Butalbarbital
superior linearity
Wide linear dynamic range allows for simultaneous quantification
of high- and low-level components within a single chromatographic
separation.
Wide linear dynamic range is demonstrated by the linearity plot of propyl paraben at 257 nm.
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
Abso
rban
ce
Steps
5.0% Deviation at 2.7 AU
1.7% Deviation at 2.0 AU
PDA match angle
PDA match threshold
PDA match spect. name
PDA match lib. name
1 0.046 2.704 Butalbarbital Barbiturates
Waters Corporation 34 Maple Street Milford, MA 01757 U.S.A. T: 1 508 478 2000 F: 1 508 872 1990 www.waters.com
fast hPLc with Intelligent speed columns
Supporting data rates up to 80 Hz, the 2998 PDA Detector allows
for the independent optimization of data rates and filtering
constants. This enables the accurate and reproducible quantitation
of today’s fast LC separations, which generate peaks only a few
seconds wide, as seen with the Alliance HPLC System and
Intelligent Speed™ Columns.
Powerful PDA data processing with Empower Software
Demonstrate peak homogeneity Visualize any differences in spectra by using the Spectrum Index Plot to display apex spectrum and other peak spectra – all corrected for noise and normalized in a color-coded overlay plot.
Quantify peak purity For a more quantitative analysis, the Purity Angle Plot mathematically compares the apex spectrum of the peak to that of every data point across a peak. With adjustments to noise and background solvent absorbance, spectral differences and potential impurities become virtually impossible to miss.
Confirm peak identity The Library Match function automatically identifies each peak in a sample by mathematically comparing unknown peaks to the reference spectra stored in the library. Once initiated, the library automatically searches for the closest spectral match and reports findings indicating the degree to which it matches. Numerous libraries can be created, stored, searched, and shared among network users.
Document wavelength monitoring choices Automatically select and store maximum absorbencies for each peak. Documentation of the λ-max will justify wavelength selection to auditors.
Construct a multi-wavelength chromatogram Select and store maximum absorbencies for each peak to automatically construct a multi-wavelength chromatogram, resulting in a meticulous record of all the compounds detected.
Diagnostic tool and confirm method compliance Routinely diagnose fluidic performance and confirm method compliance in LC/MS.
Benz
ocai
ne -
0.44
3
Proc
aine
- 0.
512
Prilo
cain
e - 0
.691
Lido
cain
e - 0
.892
Tetra
cain
e - 0
.951
Bupi
vaca
ine
- 1.1
79
Buta
cain
e - 1
.313
0.00 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.90 1.05 1.20 1.35 1.50
0.845 0.910 0.975 1.0400.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05
80 Hz
20 Hz
5 Hz
0.1 sec
0.2 sec
0.4 sec
*
*
*20Hz; 0.1sec
Minutes
MinutesMinutes
Independent manipulation of data rate and digital filtering results in ideal resolution, sensitivity, and repeatable quantification. In this
example showing seven anesthetics, optimization of these parameters yielded a separation in less than 1.5 minutes with baseline resolution.
Waters, Waters Quality Parts, Empower, MassLynx, Intelligent Speed, and Alliance are registered trademarks of Waters Corporation. Breeze, TaperSlit, and The Science of What’s Possible are trademarks of Waters Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
©2013 Waters Corporation. Produced in the U.S.A.February 2013 720002187EN VW-PC