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1 2 nd IPPC Global Symposium on ePhyto Seoul, Republic of Korea 9 to 13 November 2015 CITES Secretariat
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2nd IPPC Global Symposium on
ePhyto
Seoul, Republic of Korea
9 to 13 November 2015
CITES Secretariat
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CITES: Trade, environment and
development
CITES stands at the intersection between trade, environment and development (Rio+20).
CITES regulated trade is a multi-billion dollar business with Parties now issuing over 1,000,000 permits per annum – permits that effectively certify that the trade is both legal and sustainable.
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CITES and IPPC
Resolution 12.3 on Permits and Certificates
a) any Party having considered the practices governing the issue of its phytosanitary certificates for export of artificially propagated Appendix-II specimens, and having determined that such practices provide adequate assurance that the specimens are artificially propagated …, may consider these documents as certificates of artificial propagation in accordance with Article VII, paragraph 5.
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CITES and IPPC
Over 30,000 species of plants are regulated by CITES against over-exploitation through international trade.
Any type of wild plant or animal may be included in the list of species protected by CITES and the range of wildlife species included in the Appendices extends from leeches to lions and from pine trees, to cacti, to pitcher plants.
How CITES works
Species* subject to CITES regulation are
divided among 3 Appendices
*"Species" means any species, subspecies, or geographically separate population thereof
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I II
III
How CITES works
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Appendix I
…generally
prohibited
Commercial
trade is
prohibited
Appendix II
…permitted but
controlled
Appendix III
…permitted
but
controlled
International commercial trade is…
Most CITES species can be traded
Of the 35,000+ CITES-listed species…
97%
Appendix II & III
(regulated)
(international commercial trade in
wild specimens prohibited)
3% Appendix I
CITES: Trade, environment
and development
Similar to IPPC, CITES is a regulatory system, using permits and certificates, is mature, stable and universally recognized and adopted
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CITES DATA
CITES: produces primary data which offers policy
makers a valuable tool to assist with more
effective decisions
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CITES DATA
These CITES data are of value in work related to
Targets under the proposed Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
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What this means for CITES
• The world of international trade is moving
towards ‘paperless’ e-trade, faster Customs
processing, and various new electronic trade
measures
• Such measures generate
invaluable data for monitoring
of trade in wildlife
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What this means for CITES
• What is important is for CITES documents to
conform to international standards for e-trade
and protocols for electronic data exchange
• Parties have adopted a standard permit form,
and guidance has been provided in
Resolution Conf. 12.3 (Rev. CoP16) to be
entered in permits and certificates
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CITES Electronic Permits
• Trends: Need to harmonize with other
initiatives
– World Customs Organization (WCO) data
model and
– United Nations Centre for Trade
Facilitation and Electronic Business
(UN/CEFACT) standards
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CITES E-permitting Working Group
Parties: Brazil, Belarus, Canada, Czech
Republic, France, Guatemala, Japan,
Monaco, Philippines, Portugal,
Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland
(Chair), Thailand, United Kingdom,
United States, and Vietnam
Observers: UNCTAD, UNEP-WCMC, WCO
WCO Data Model
The WCO Customs Data
Model establishes a
standard, international,
harmonized data set that will
meet governments’
requirements for
international cross-border
trade and is geared exclusively
to the requirements of an
automated environment
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UNCTAD trade efficiency study
• Average trade transaction :
– Goes through 27-30 persons
– At least 40 documents are involved
– Over 200 data elements are typically requested
• 60-70% are re-typed at least once
• 15% re-typed 30 times
• Result: time and money are wasted because of
outdated trade procedures
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Concept of trade facilitation
The Trade Facilitation Agreement (WTO) will enter into force once two-thirds of members have completed their domestic ratification process.
Many Articles in the Agreement in of direct interest to CITES
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Concept of trade facilitation
• It is important to note that trade facilitation is
about enabling efficient trade processes
where the decision to trade is taken-- This is
up to the Parties and not the Secretariat
• When a Party decides to trade in a species,
the Secretariats role is to assist in ensuring
that such trade is legal, sustainable and
traceable
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Concept of trade facilitation
• Trade facilitation generally encompasses the
simplification and standardization of
procedures and associated information flows
required to move goods internationally from
seller to buyer and to pass payment in the
other direction
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CITES E-permitting Toolkit
• CITES e-permitting
standards, as
published in the
CITES e-permitting
toolkit is integrated in
the WCO Data Model
and based also on
UN/CEFACT
standards
• (XML and
UN/EDIFACT)
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CITES E-permitting Toolkit
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UNCTAD/ASYCUDA
The Secretariat established an MoU with
UNCTAD to integrate CITES e-permitting
guidelines in the ASYCUDA World System
Project currently under development
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Current situation
Single Windows
• Aimed at enhancing the efficient exchange of
information between trade and government, a Single
Window is a facility that allows parties involved in
international trade and transport to lodge
standardized information and documents with a
single entry point to fulfill all import, export, and
transit-related regulatory requirements
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Current situation
Single Windows
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Biodiversity e-trade developments
• The Management Authorities of Switzerland and the United Kingdom established a pilot project on the use of CITES electronic systems (Czech Republic joined in the fall of 2010. Guatemala has voiced interest in joining).
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Biodiversity e-trade developments
• The Management
Authorities of France
and Switzerland are
implementing a project
with French/Swiss
Customs to make the
CITES business
process fully electronic.
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Biodiversity e-trade developments
• A funding proposal was also drafted to offer
Least Developed Countries a CITES e-
permitting out-of-the-box solution…
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Biodiversity e-trade developments
The Organización del Tratado de
Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA) is working
with the CITES Secretariat in the
implementation of a CITES e-permitting
project among member countries.
A 10 million Euro project is being funded by
the German Development Bank
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Biodiversity e-trade developments
• CITES Secretariat is working with the Air
Transport Association (IATA) on its project
called e-freight a joint air cargo industry
programme of carriers, forwarders and
Customs
• It is aimed at eliminating the need to produce
and transports all paper documents for air
cargo shipments
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Traceability
The Secretariat is discussion with the
UN/CEFACT PDA on Agriculture the
possible development of a UN/CEFACT
standard on trade in wildlife
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Traceability
Switzerland, the Secretariat and GS1 are
working on a project to provide track and
trace of python skins in commercial trade
(GS1 information exchange standards are
used by the WCO, UNDP, United Nations
Global Compact, etc.)
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Traceability
Generation of data from track and trace
systems on wildlife can radically change
our understanding on the commercial
uses of wildlife
As long as standards are agreed upon
and, preferably, open
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E-permitting and sustainable/legal trade
Discussions with UNEP-WCMC on how
to develop a central registry, for
temporary use, of e-permits for access
by Customs to make CITES trade fully
electronic (EPIX)
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E-permitting and sustainable/legal trade
• Electronic permitting creates opportunities
for business processes to be optimized
and the “goods” in transit to be traced
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CITES/IPPC
Possible areas of cooperation:
Discussion on possible harmonization of relevant fields in XML schemas
Discussion on joint work on web services
Discussion on areas of cooperation on CITES central registry and IPPC Hub
Mapping of CITES/IPPC nomenclature
Cooperation on digital signatures
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CITES/IPPC
Possible areas of cooperation:
Joint capacity building activities aimed at technical staff
Joint development of training materials
Possible participation in CITES e-permitting working group
