ISLAM

THE ORIGIN OF ISLAMThe founder of Islam was Muhammad in Arabia in the seventh century

Before Muhammad, there were many polytheistic tribes in Arabia which had a constant fight to control the resources and the trade

Why do you think that Muhammad

can’t be represented?

WHAT IS ISLAM?ISLAM IS A MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION ARTICULATED BY THE KORAN, A BOOK CONSIDERED BY ITS FOLLOWERS LIKE THE WORD OF ALLAH (GOD)

THE RELIGION OF ISLAM CREATED A NEW CIVILIZATION WHICH IS FOLLOWED IN MANY COUNTRIES NOWADAYS

THE FOLLOWERS OF THE ISLAM ARE KNOWN AS MUSLIMS

Muhammad was a merchant from Mecca who heard the call of Allah and preached the religion of Islam

However, Muhammad moved to Medina in 622 because the rich merchants of Mecca wanted to arrest him

622 is known as the Hegira and marks the start of the Muslim calendar

In Medina, Muhammad created a big army and he came back to Mecca to conquer that city in 628 and spread his religion throughout Arabia

WHAT IS ISLAM LIKE?The Muslim religion is based on the Koran.

Muslim people have five obligations according to the Koran. They are the FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

2. SALAH

Muslims have to testify and say

that “there is no

other God but Allah and

Muhammad is his prophet”

1. SHAHADAH

Muslim people have to pray five times a day

3. HAJJ

Muslim people have to go to the

city of Mecca at least once

if it is possible

4. SAWN

Muslim people have

to fast during the day time in the month of Ramadan

5. ZAKAH

Muslim people have to

give alms to the poor people

At the beginning, Muslims spread their religion through the holy war or jihad

Nowadays, only extremist groups believe in this idea

However, most of Muslims wants to live in peace with the rest of the people.

Did you know that Benzema or Özil are Muslims?

THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM DURING THE MIDDLE AGES

After Muhammad’s death, in 632, a caliph ruled Islam

A caliph was the political, religious and military leader of Islam

At the beginning, caliphs were descendants of Muhammad and they conquered the entire Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Syria, Persia and Armenia

This time was known as the Orthodox Caliphate. The first four caliphs were:

Abu Bakr(632-634)

Umar(634-644)

Uthman(644-656)

Ali(656-661)

In 661, Ali was killed and the Umayyad dynasty ruled Islam.

They fixed the capital in Damascus and conquered the north of Africa, Afghanistan and most of Iberian Peninsula

In 750, another dynasty took the power. They were the Abbasid family

They were more strict in religion questions than the Umayyad dynasty

The new capital was Baghdad, which is located in Mesopotamia

The unity of Islam was broken because there were many internal fights. Thus, many powers and people wanted to control Islam.

At the end, in the 13th century, the Turks took the power in the Islamic world and conquered the Byzantine Empire.

THE MUSLIM CIVILIZATION

ECONOMY

URBAN CIVILIZATION

Great agriculture International trade Brilliant craftmanship

MUSLIMS CONTRIBUTIONS

Gunpowder Compass

The concept of zero Arabic numbers Improvements in Mathematics

Improvements in Medicine

A brilliant art