3. DML

Mrs. Sunita M Dol, CSE Dept

SQL Manual Page 1

Interactive data-manipulation language (DML) The SQL DML includes a query language based on both the relational algebra and the tuple relational calculus. It

includes also commands to

insert tuples into,

delete tuples from, and

modify tuples in the database.

INSERT Command It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two ways.

Method 1: The first way specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

Method 2: If you are adding values for all the columns of the table, you do not need to specify the

column names in the SQL query. However, make sure the order of the values is in the same order as

the columns in the table. The INSERT INTO syntax would be as follows:

INSERT INTO table_name

VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

You can populate data into a table through select statement over another table provided another table has a set of

fields, which are required to populate first table. Here is the syntax:

INSERT INTO first_table_name [(column1, column2, ... columnN)]

SELECT column1, column2, ...columnN

FROM second_table_name

[WHERE condition];

Insert multiple rows in relation:

Method 1:The syntax for the INSERT ALL statement:

INSERT ALL

INTO mytable (column1, column2,... column_n) VALUES (expr1, expr2,... expr_n)



SELECT * FROM dual;

Method 2: The syntax for the INSERT statement is

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2,...columnN.) VALUES (&column1, &column2, ...

&columnN)

If the type of attribute is CHAR or VARCHAR then use single quote in values e.g. ‘&column1’ else

simply use &column1. For inserting remaining rows, use ‘/’.


SQL Manual Page 2

SQL> insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city)

values('&customer_name','&customer_street','&customer_city');

Enter value for customer_name: Adams

Enter value for customer_street: Spring

Enter value for customer_city: Pittsfield

old 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city)

values('&customer_name','&customer_street','&customer_city')

new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Adams','Spring',' Pittsfield')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Brooks

Enter value for customer_street: Senator

Enter value for customer_city: Brooklyn



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Brooks','Senator',

'Brooklyn')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Curry

Enter value for customer_street: North

Enter value for customer_city: Rye



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Curry','North','R', 'Rye')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Glenn

Enter value for customer_street: Sand Hill

Enter value for customer_city: Woodside



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Glenn','Sand Hill', '

Woodside')

1 row created.

SQL> /


SQL Manual Page 3

Enter value for customer_name: Green

Enter value for customer_street: Walnut

Enter value for customer_city: Stamford



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Green','Walnut',' Stamford')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Hayes

Enter value for customer_street: Main

Enter value for customer_city: Harrison



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Hayes','Main',' Harrison')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Johnson

Enter value for customer_street: Alma

Enter value for customer_city: Palo Alto



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Johnson','Alma',' Palo

Alto')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Jones

Enter value for customer_street: Main

Enter value for customer_city: Harrison



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Jones','Main',' Harrison')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Lindsay

Enter value for customer_street: Park

Enter value for customer_city: Pittsfield


SQL Manual Page 4


values('&customer_name','&customer_street','&customer_city')new 1: insert into

customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Lindsay','Park',' Pittsfield')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Smith

Enter value for customer_street: North

Enter value for customer_city: Rye



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Smith','North','Rye')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Turner

Enter value for customer_street: Putnam

Enter value for customer_city: Stamford



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Turner','Putnam', '

Stamford')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Williams

Enter value for customer_street: Nassau

Enter value for customer_city: Princeton



new 1: insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Williams','Nassau', '

Princeton')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from customer

2 ;

CUSTOMER_NAME CUSTOMER_STREET

-------------------- ------------------------------

CUSTOMER_CITY


SQL Manual Page 5

------------------------------

Adams Spring

Pittsfield

Brooks Senator

Brooklyn

Curry North

Rye


-------------------- ------------------------------

CUSTOMER_CITY

------------------------------

Glenn Sand Hill

Woodside

Green Walnut

Stamford

Hayes Main

Harrison


-------------------- ------------------------------

CUSTOMER_CITY

------------------------------

Johnson Alma

Palo Alto

Jones Main

Harrison

Lindsay Park

Pittsfield


-------------------- ------------------------------

CUSTOMER_CITY

------------------------------

Smith North


SQL Manual Page 6

Rye

Turner Putnam

Stamford

Williams Nassau

Princeton

12 rows selected.

The branch relation

SQL> insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('&branch_name','&branch_city',&assets

);

Enter value for branch_name: Brighton

Enter value for branch_city: Brooklyn

Enter value for assets: 7100000

old 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('&branch_name','&branch_city',&assets)

new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Brighton','Brooklyn',7100000)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for branch_name: Downtown

Enter value for branch_city: Brooklyn



new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Downtown','Brooklyn',9000000)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for branch_name: Mianus

Enter value for branch_city: Horseneck



new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Mianus','Horseneck',400000)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for branch_name: North Town

Enter value for branch_city: Rye


SQL Manual Page 7



new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('North Town','Rye',3700000)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for branch_name: Perryridge




new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Perryridge','Horseneck',1700000)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for branch_name: Pownal

Enter value for branch_city: Bennington



new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Pownal','Bennington',300000)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for branch_name: Redwood

Enter value for branch_city: Palo Alto



new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Redwood','Palo Alto',2100000)

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for branch_name: Round Hill




new 1: insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Round Hill','Horseneck',8000000)

1 row created.

SQL> select * from branch;


SQL Manual Page 8

BRANCH_NAME BRANCH_CITY ASSETS

--------------- --------------- ----------

Brighton Brooklyn 7100000

Downtown Brooklyn 9000000

Mianus Horseneck 400000

North Town Rye 3700000

Perryridge Horseneck 1700000

Pownal Bennington 300000

Redwood Palo Alto 2100000

Round Hill Horseneck 8000000

8 rows selected.

The account relation

SQL> insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('&account_number','&branch_name'

,&balance);

Enter value for account_number: A-101


Enter value for balance: 500

old 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('&account_number','&branch_name'

,&balance)

new 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-101','Downtown',500)

1 row created.

SQL> /





,&balance)

new 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-102','Perryridge',400)

1 row created.

SQL> /





,&balance)

new 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-201','Brighton',900)


SQL Manual Page 9

1 row created.

SQL> /





,&balance)

new 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-215','Mianus',700)

1 row created.

SQL> /





,&balance)

new 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-217','Brighton',750)

1 row created.

SQL> /





,&balance)

new 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-222','Redwood',700)

1 row created.

SQL> /





,&balance)

new 1: insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-305','Round Hill',350)

1 row created.

SQL> select * from account;


SQL Manual Page 10

ACCOUNT_NU BRANCH_NAME BALANCE

---------- --------------- ----------

A-101 Downtown 500

A-102 Perryridge 400

A-201 Brighton 900

A-215 Mianus 700

A-217 Brighton 750

A-222 Redwood 700

A-305 Round Hill 350

7 rows selected.

The depositor relation

SQL> insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('&customer_name','&account_number');



old 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('&customer_name','&account_number')

new 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Hayes','A-102')

1 row created.

SQL> /




new 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Johnson','A-101')

1 row created.

SQL> /




new 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Johnson','A-201')

1 row created.

SQL> /





SQL Manual Page 11

new 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Jones','A-217')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Lindsay



new 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Lindsay','A-222')

1 row created.

SQL> /




new 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Smith','A-215')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Turner



new 1: insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Turner','A-305')

1 row created.

SQL> select * from depositor;

CUSTOMER_NAME ACCOUNT_NU

-------------------- ----------

Hayes A-102

Johnson A-101

Johnson A-201

Jones A-217

Lindsay A-222

Smith A-215

Turner A-305

7 rows selected.


SQL Manual Page 12

The loan relation

SQL> insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('&loan_number','&branch_name',&amount);

Enter value for loan_number: L-11


Enter value for amount: 900

old 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('&loan_number','&branch_name',&amount)

new 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-11','Round Hill',900)

1 row created.

SQL> /





new 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-14','Downtown',1500)

1 row created.

SQL> /





new 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-15','Perryridge',1500)

1 row created.

SQL> /




old 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('&loan_number','&branch_name',&amoun)

new 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-16','Perryridge',1300)

1 row created.

SQL> /






SQL Manual Page 13

new 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-17','Downtown',1000)

1 row created.

SQL> /





new 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-23','Redwood',2000)

1 row created.

SQL> /





new 1: insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-93','Mianus',500)

1 row created.

SQL> select * from loan;

LOAN_NUMBE BRANCH_NAME AMOUNT

---------- --------------- ----------

L-11 Round Hill 900

L-14 Downtown 1500

L-15 Perryridge 1500

L-16 Perryridge 1300

L-17 Downtown 1000

L-23 Redwood 2000

L-93 Mianus 500

7 rows selected.

The borrower relation

SQL> insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('&customer_name','&loan_number');

Enter value for customer_name: Adams


old 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('&customer_name','&loan_number')

new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Adams','L-16')


SQL Manual Page 14

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Curry



new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Curry','L-93')

1 row created.

SQL> /




new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Hayes','L-15')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Jackson



new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Jackson','L-14')

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Jackson','L-14')

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02291: integrity constraint (TESHIFT16.SYS_C009862) violated - parent key

not found

SQL> /




new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Jones','L-17')

1 row created.

SQL> /




new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Smith','L-11')


SQL Manual Page 15

1 row created.

SQL> /




new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Smith','L-23')

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for customer_name: Williams



new 1: insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Williams','L-17')

1 row created.

OR use following command to insert the data into relations

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Adams','Spring','Pittsfield');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Brooks','Senator','Brooklyn');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Curry','North','Rye');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Glenn','Sand Hill','Woodsight');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Green','Walnut','Stamford');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Hays','Main','Harrison');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Johnson','Alma','Palo Alto');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Jones','Main','Harrison');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Lindsay','Park','Pittsfield');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Smith','North','Rye');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Turner','Putnam','Stamford');

insert into customer(customer_name,customer_street,customer_city) values('Williams','Nassau','Princeton');

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Brighton','Brooklyn',7100000);

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Downtown','Brooklyn',9000000);

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Mianus','Horseneck',400000);

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('North Town','Rye',3700000);

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Perryridge','Horseneck',1700000);

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Pownal','Bennington',300000);

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Redwood','Palo Alto',2100000);

insert into branch(branch_name,branch_city,assets) values('Round Hill','Horseneck',8000000);

insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-101','Downtown',500);

insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-102','Perryridge',400);

insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-201','Brighton',900);


SQL Manual Page 16

insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-215','Mianus',700);

insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-217','Brighton',750);

insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-222','Redwood',700);

insert into account(account_number,branch_name,balance) values('A-305','Round Hill',350);

insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Hays','A-102');

insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Johnson','A-101');

insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Johnson','A-201');

insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Jones','A-217');

insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Lindsay','A-222');

insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Smith','A-215');

insert into depositor(customer_name,account_number) values('Turner','A-305');

insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-11','Round Hill',900);

insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-14','Downtown',1500);

insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-15','Perryridge',1500);

insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-16','Perryridge',1300);

insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-17','Downtown',1000);

insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-23','Redwood',2000);

insert into loan(loan_number,branch_name,amount) values('L-93','Mianus',500);

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Adams','L-16');

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Curry','L-93');

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Hays','L-15');

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Jones','L-17');

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Smith','L-11');

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Smith','L-23');

insert into borrower(customer_name,loan_number) values('Williams','L-17');


SQL Manual Page 17

UPDATE Command The syntax for the UPDATE statement when updating a table in SQL is:

UPDATE table

SET column1 = expression1,

column2 = expression2,

...

[WHERE conditions];

OR

The syntax for the SQL UPDATE statement when updating a table with data from another table is:

UPDATE table1

SET column1 = (SELECT expression1

FROM table2

WHERE conditions)

[WHERE conditions];

OR

The syntax for the SQL UPDATE statement when updating multiple tables (not permitted in Oracle) is:

UPDATE table1, table2, ...

SET column1 = expression1,

column2 = expression2,

...

WHERE table1.column = table2.column

[AND conditions];

SQL> desc student

Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

ROLL_NO CHAR(10)

FIRST_NAME CHAR(30)

MIDDLE_NAME CHAR(30)

LAST_NAME CHAR(30)

ADDRESS CHAR(50)

CITY CHAR(20)

PINCODE NUMBER(6)

STATE CHAR(20)

MOBILE_NUMBER CHAR(10)

SQL> insert into student (roll_no,first_name,middle_name,last_name,address,city,pincode,state,mobil

e_number) values('&roll_no','&first_name','&middle_name','&last_name','&address','&city',&pincode,'&

state',&mobile_number);

Enter value for roll_no: TECSE-16

Enter value for first_name: Namrata

Enter value for middle_name: M

Enter value for last_name: Bura


SQL Manual Page 18

Enter value for address: Bhadrawati peth

Enter value for city: Solapur

Enter value for pincode: 413005

Enter value for state: Maharashtra

Enter value for mobile_number: 9421067511

old 1: insert into student (roll_no,first_name,middle_name,last_name,address,city,pincode,state,m

new 1: insert into student (roll_no,first_name,middle_name,last_name,address,city,pincode,state,m

1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for roll_no: TECSE-26

Enter value for first_name: Pradnya

Enter value for middle_name: N

Enter value for last_name: Dudam

Enter value for address: Sakhar Peth

Enter value for city: Solapur

Enter value for pincode: 413005

Enter value for state: Maharashtra

Enter value for mobile_number: 7745865343

old 1: insert into student (roll_no,first_name,middle_name,last_name,address,city,pincode,state,m

new 1: insert into student (roll_no,first_name,middle_name,last_name,address,city,pincode,state,m

1 row created.

SQL> select * from student;

ROLL_NO FIRST_NAME MIDDLE_NAME

---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

LAST_NAME

------------------------------

ADDRESS CITY

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------

PINCODE STATE MOBILE_NUM

---------- -------------------- ----------

TECSE-16 Namrata M

Bura

Bhadrawati peth Solapur

413005 Maharashtra 9421067511


---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

LAST_NAME


SQL Manual Page 19

------------------------------

ADDRESS CITY

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------


---------- -------------------- ----------

TECSE-26 Pradnya N

Dudam

Sakhar Peth Solapur

413005 Maharashtra 7745865343

SQL> update student set middle_name='Minesh' where roll_no='TECSE-16';

1 row updated.



---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

LAST_NAME

------------------------------

ADDRESS CITY

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------


---------- -------------------- ----------

TECSE-16 Namrata Minesh

Bura


413005 Maharashtra 9421067511


---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

LAST_NAME

------------------------------

ADDRESS CITY

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------


---------- -------------------- ----------

TECSE-26 Pradnya N

Dudam

Sakhar Peth Solapur

413005 Maharashtra 7745865343


SQL Manual Page 20

DELETE Command The syntax for the DELETE statement in SQL is:

DELETE FROM table

[WHERE conditions];



---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

LAST_NAME

------------------------------

ADDRESS CITY

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------


---------- -------------------- ----------


Bura


413005 Maharashtra 9421067511


---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

LAST_NAME

------------------------------

ADDRESS CITY

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------


---------- -------------------- ----------

TECSE-26 Pradnya N

Dudam

Sakhar Peth Solapur

413005 Maharashtra 7745865343

SQL> delete from student where roll_no='TECSE-26';

1 row deleted.



---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------


SQL Manual Page 21

LAST_NAME

------------------------------

ADDRESS CITY

-------------------------------------------------- --------------------


---------- -------------------- ----------


Bura


413005 Maharashtra 9421067511


SQL Manual Page 22

Practice Problem Statement

The instructor relation The course relation

The prereq relation The department relation

The section relation The teaches relation

The classroom relation The department relation The advisor relation


SQL Manual Page 23

The student relation

The takes relation The time_slot relation

References:

Database system concepts by Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan (McGraw Hill

International Edition) sixth edition.

Database system concepts by Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan (McGraw Hill

International Edition) fifth edition.

http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/db-book/db4/slide-dir/






Date post:	05-Apr-2017
Category:	Engineering
Upload:	sunita-aher
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3. DML

Engineering