3. 3. FEEDING DUCKSFEEDING DUCKS Dr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professorDr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professor

3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks3.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying

Period3.3. Liver Production

3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks

- Length of Fattening: 45-49 days,- Day Old Duckling: 50-55 g- BW at Slaughter: 3.0-3.2 kg (60*BW)

- Growth Capacity: 80% of it is over,- Feed Efficiency: 2.6-2.8 kg/kg.

3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks

- Beak (feed intake),- Lack of Crop (feeding frquency, feed intake),- Vividness (maintenance requirement),

- Tap Water: 3-5 l/kg DM,- Waste of Feed (frequent drinking),

- Fat inbuilding (4-5. w): subcutaneous, the proportion is decreasing by the age,

- Multiple-Stage Diets.

Nutrient Requirements of Roasting DucksNutrient Requirements of Roasting Ducks

Nutrients Sater Grower Finisher (0-14. d) (15-42. d) (43-49

d)Crude Protein, % 21,0 18,0 16,0ME, MJ/kg 12,0 12,5 12,9Lys, g/kg 10,0 8,0 7,5Ca, g/kg 9,0 8,0 8,0

3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks

- Dietary Energy Level,- Diets Growth Capacity?!- Physical Form of Diets,- Feeding Method: ad libitum,- Housing,Semi Intesive RearingIntensive Fore Rearing (0-18. day),

3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks

Post rearing (from the day 19th till slaughter),

a) dry method b) on lake

3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks3.1. Feeding Roasting Ducks

Intensive Rearing (closed confinements)

3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks

Khaki campbell- 300-350 eggs,- persistency: > 400 days.

3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks

Female Lines of Peking Type Hybrids- Onset of Egg Production: 22-24. w,- Length of Egg Production: > 300 days,- Egg Number: 250.

3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks3.2. Feeding Breeding Ducks

Pekin Bred Traditionally

- Onset of Egg Production: 28. w,- Length of Egg Production: 210 days,- Egg Number: 130-150.

3.2. 3.2. FEEDING BREEDING DUCKSFEEDING BREEDING DUCKS

3.2.1. Feeding Duckling Breeders

3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period

3.2.1. Feeding Duckling Breeders (3.2.1. Feeding Duckling Breeders (traditionaltraditional))

Fore rearing Post rearing (18. d. - 27. w.) (January) Onset off egg production

|————|———|—————————|————|—————|0. 18. d. 8. w. 24-25. w 27. w. 28. w.June housing0.: hatching (June),7. w.: like the roasting ducks selection;8 – 25. w.: rearer feed (pellets) reduced nutrient density, 150-180 g/d,

600-800 g W gain); 26.: layer diet ad libitum (pellets).

3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period

Production of breeding eggs (traditional)onset(end of January) egg production (210 d) end |————————————————————| 28. w (August- September)- Number of eggs: 130-150; egg weight: 75-80 g,(parents of hybrids: 300 d, 250 eggs),- end of the laying period:a) slaughter (after fattening: 1 kg BW gain),b) 2nd laying period 90% of the former egg production.

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DUCKLING DUCKLING BREEDERS AND BREEDERS AND DUCKS IN LAYING PERIODDUCKS IN LAYING PERIOD

Nutrients Rearer* Layer*

Crude Protein, % 14.5 17.0ME, (MJ/kg 11.0 12.0Lys, g/kg 5.5 7.5Ca, g/kg 8.0 29.0*: pellets.

3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period3.2.2. Feeding Ducks in Laying Period

Artificial light (in closed confinements)- 18 h/d, only the intensity (lux) is

increasing,- Ca: grits.

3.3. Liver production3.3. Liver production

Ducks used for liver production (males only): Muscovy Duck Mulard Duck.

Physiological basis of force feedingPhysiological basis of force feeding

Observation: fats stored subcutaneously and in the liver before migration;

- feeds: carbohydrates in the liver: tryglicerides leaving the liver in form of VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein);

- Tryglicerid production > VLDL transport: deposition of tryglicerides in the liver (fatty liver).

Physiological basis of force feedingPhysiological basis of force feeding

Prerequisites:- breed, hybrid (genotype),- feeds rich in carbohydrates,- low level of lipotropes (Met, choline) poor fat

transport capacity,- flexible membranes of liver cells (regeneration

of liver cells), low level of lipid loss when roasting,

- liver size before the force feeding,- age of the animal (younger is better).

3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production

0-7. w: like the roasting ducks;8-9. w: preparation for the force feeding

(16-17% CP)- to enlarge the volume of the oesophagus,- preparation of the liver for the high fat intake and storage;

1 meal/day (overeating) enlargement of the oesophagus.

3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production

Muscovy Duck- Onset of the force feeding: 12. w,- BW: > 4,5 kg,- length of the force feeding: 13-15 d,- feeding frequency: 2/d,- 6-7 kg corn/duck,- liver weight: 450 g,- lipid loss when roasting: 30%.

3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production3.3. Feeding ducks kept for liver production

Mulard Duck- Onset of the force feeding: 12-13. w,- BW: > 4,0 kg,- length of the force feeding: 12-13 d,- feeding frequency: 2/d,- 11-12 kg corn/duck,- liver weight: 650 g,- lipid loss when roasting: 15%.

Method of force feedingMethod of force feeding

1. Corn grains,2. Soft mash,3. Corn grains + soft mash;individual cages,charging machine,feeding frequency: 2/d,ration: 230 g/d 450 g/d.