Rights and Duties

Code of Ethics

Rights

• legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement

• what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory

• Effect or consequence of the law

Duties

• moral commitment to someone or something• root idea of obligation to serve or give

something in return• committed to the cause involve even if it

requires sacrifice• restriction of free will through the prescription

of the law• ought but not a must

Rights and Duties

• Correlative with each other– If someone has a right, someone else have to the

duty to bestow it• Rights and Duties are balanced there can be a

harmonious life

Division of Rights

• Law– Natural - own of virtue in the conditions of nature

• Right to life, health, body, metal integrity

– Positive - conferred on person by ordinance of legitimate authority• Rights of labor and industry, right of inheritance and contracts

• Origin– Connatural - right of man because of his nature as a person

• Right to marry, right of parents over children

– Acquired - right obtained through a mans specific actions of his behalf• Right to property, right to house or car

• Subject– Public - right of private person against the state which end in common

good• Right not to be condemned without due process of the law, right of unfair

confiscation

– Private - right of private person against private person which end in individual good• Right between employer and employee

• Connection with the subject– Inalienable - cannot be transferred because it is necessary for the

fulfilment of mans purpose of being and essential duties• Right to life , liberty of conscience

– Alienable - can be transferred because its not essential in human nature• Right to marry, free speech

• Connection to physical force– Perfect – based on commutative justice that one may result to physical

force to exact it• Right to the possession and use of one’s property

– Imperfect – based on virtue that one may resort to physical force to exact it• Right of a man to his wife affection, parent to the love of their children

• Relation to civil law– Moral – based on moral laws– Legal – enforced by civil authorities

• Object– Real – entitles person power over his own possession– Personal – entitles person power to exact something from another person

Human Rights

• Individual• Others to Family• Others to its Domestic Affairs• Others as a member of International

Community

The Rights of the Human Person

• The right to life and bodily integrity from the moment of conception, regardless of physical or mental condition, except in just punishment of crime

• The right to serve and worship God in private and in public

• The right to religious formation through education and association

• The right to personal liberty under just law• The right to the equal protection of just law

regardless of sex, nationality, color or creed

• The right of freedom of expression of information and of communication in accordance with truth and justice

• The right to choose and freely maintain a state of life, married or single, lay or religious

• The right to education suitable for the maintenance and development of mans dignity as a human person

• The right to petition the government for redress or grievances

• The right to a nationality

• The right of access to the means of livelihood, by migration when necessary

• The right of association and peaceable assembly• The right to work and choose one’s occupation• The right to personal ownership, use and

disposal of property, subject to the rights of others and to limitations on the interest of the general welfare

• The right to a living wage

• The right to a collective bargaining• The right to associate by industries and

professions to obtain economic justice and the general welfare

• The right to assistance from society, if necessary from the state, in distress of person or family

The Rights Pertaining to the Family

• The right to marry, establish a home and beget children

• The right to economic security sufficient for the stability and independence of the family

• The right to the protection of maternity• The right to educate children• The right to maintain, if necessary by public

protection and assistance, adequate standards of child welfare within the family circle.

• The right to assistance, through community services in the education and care of the children

• The right to housing adapted to the needs and functions of family life

• The right to immunity of a home to search and trespass

• The right to protection against immoral conditions in the community

The Domestic Rights of State

• The right to enact just laws binding in conscience• The right to establish courts of justice and to enforce

the observance of law with adequate sanctions• The right to demand of its citizens respect for the

right of minorities• The right to tax by adequate and equitable means in

order to carry out its proper functions• The right to exercise eminent domain when

demanded by the common welfare

• The right to require that its people receive and education suitable for citizenship

• The right to defend itself against domestic violence• The right to watch over, stimulate, restrain, and order

the private activities of individuals and groups in the degree that is necessary for the common good

• The right to regulate operations of international economic groups functioning within its own boundaries

• The right to adopt in time of emergency special measures necessary for the common good

The Rights of States in the International Community

• The right to exist as a member of international community and to be protected in its national life and integrity against acts of aggression by any other state or states

• The right to independence in the determination of its own domestic and foreign policies in accordance with the principles of morality and subject to the obligations of international law

• The right to juridical equality with other states in the family of nations

• The right to membership in the organized international community and to the benefits of international cooperation

• The right to the assistance of international community in securing the fulfilment in the terms of a just treaty

• The right to obtain from the international community redress of grievances arising from unjust treaties imposed by force

• The right to the revision of treaties which are no longer in accord with fundamental justice

• The right to recourse to the procedures of pacific settlement established by the international community for disputes which diplomatic negotiations have failed to settle

• The right to maintain political, economic and social intercourse with other states upon equal terms

• The right to access, upon equal terms, to the markets and raw materials of the world necessary for its own life as a people

• The right to protect its own natural resources and economic life from unjust exploitation

• The right to the assistance of the international community in time of economic or social distress

• The right to grant asylum to refugees from injustice